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CHAPTER 8 . DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LECTURE 8.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Topics : - Models of reality . - Classification of differential equations - The order of differential equations - Types of solutions to the differential equations - Modeling with differential equations Applications : - Radioactive decay - Carbon dating - Marginal Revenue . Key Concepts : * Ordinary differential equations (ODE) Partial differential equations (PDE) Linear and Non-linear Homogeneous , Inhomogeneous Autonomous Explicit , Implicit , Graphic , Numeric solutions . 1. Models of reality

* Radioactive decay

* Radiocarbon dating

* Revenue function

Solution :
init_con := { x = 10, R = 9380.25 }

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R_init := 9380.25 Marginal_Revenue := 15000 + 150 x ( x + 1.5 ) 2

dR 15000 = + 150 x dx ( x + 1.5 ) 2 15000 dR := + 150 x dx ( x + 1.5 ) 2 " Integrate both sides corresponding to the integral variable dx : " 15000 R := + 150 x dx 2 ( x + 1.5 ) R := 15000. + 75. x 2 + C x + 1.500000000 Co := 575.9021740 R := 15000. + 75. x 2 + 575.9021740 x + 1.500000000 nmonths := 5 nweeks := 20 R20 := 31273.57659

eq := 8804.347826 + C = 9380.25

Fig 1.3. The graph of revenue function .

2. Classification of differential equations

3. The order of differential equations

* Linear and Non-linear differential equations

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4. Types of solutions to the differential equations * Explicit solution

* Implicit solution

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* Qualitative graphic solution

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* Numerical solution

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5. Modeling with differential equations

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> plot(3*cos(5*t)+8*sin(t),t=-Pi..7*Pi);

d x( t ) = t x( t ) 2 dt > DEplot(deq,x(t),t=0..5,[[x(0)=0]],x=0..2.5,stepsize=.5,color=blue);

> restart;with(DEtools):deq:=diff(x(t),t)=t-(x(t))^2; deq :=

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> f(t):=1+Int(exp(-s^2),s=0..t);

( s 2 ) f( t ) := 1 + e ds 0

> plot(f(t),t=0..3,thickness=2);

> with(plots):ln(y)+4*ln(x)-y-2*x+C=0;implicitplot({ln(y)+4*ln(x)-y2*x+4=0,ln(y)+4*ln(x)-y-2*x+3.5=0,ln(y)+4*ln(x)-y-2*x+3.=0,ln(y)+4*ln(x)y-2*x+2.5=0},x=0..8,y=0..10); ln( y ) + 4 ln( x ) y 2 x + C = 0

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