DuraGal - Design Capacity Tables For Steel Hollow Sections

Dur aGal
design capacity
tables for steel
hollow sections
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

for STRUCTURAL STEEL HOLLOW SECTIONS
This publication, the DuraGal design capacity tables for hollow sections, is also available on CD, as part
of the OneSteel Structural Products catalogue, and on our web site at www.onesteel.com
Other OneSteel Pipe & Tube technical publications and design aids that are available are:
DuraGal design capacity tables for structural steel angles, channels & flats
Technical Information DuraGal Profiles, angles, channels & flats, Technical Specification TS100
(There is no Australian Standard for these products, TS100 details technical requirements for
manufacture & supply)
Technical Information Structural Cold Formed Hollow Sections and Profiles

(Product information, specifications, dimensions and properties and product availability)
CAD Files DFX Format Files for OneSteel Market Mills Pipe & Tube structural steel sections,
both hollows and profiles, available only from the web site (www.onesteel.com)
DuraGal Easy Welding Guide
DuraGal Easy Painting & Corrosion Protection Guide
DuraGal & Galtube Plus Powder Coating Guide
Product Guide (a list of all OneSteel Market Mills Pipe & Tube products)
DuraGal Flooring System (A bearer, joist and height adjustable pier system using DuraGal RHS)
DuraGal Mezzanine Flooring System for commercial storage and industrial applications.
DuraGal Post The low maintenance steel verandah post
DuraGal Verandah beam spanning tables
DuraGal Plus for Lintels
For further information contact OneSteel Direct:

Freecall
1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335)
Freefax
1800 101 141
E-mail
onesteeldirect@onesteel.com
Or visit web site at www.onesteel.com and print and download the section you need.
This publication has been prepared by OneSteel Market Mills an operating business group of which
OneSteel Trading Pty Limited ABN 59 000 010 873 is a part of.
Please note that the specifications and technical data are subject to change without notice and to ensure accuracy and adequacy users of this publication
are requested to check the information to satisfy themselves and not to rely on the information without first doing so. Unless required by law, the company
cannot accept any responsibility for any loss, damage or consequence resulting from the use of this publication.
Photographs shown are representative only of typical applications, current at March 13 2002.
This brochure is not an offer to trade and shall not form any part of the trading terms in any transaction.
Copyright 2002. OneSteel Trading Pty Limited ABN 59 000 010 873
Registered Trademarks of OneSteel Trading Pty Limited ABN 59 000 010 873: DuraGal , Family of DuraGal Products
Issue (6) March 2002. Printed March 13 2002
ii

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................. iv
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. iv
Preface ................................................................................................................................. v
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ vi
GRADE .............................................................................................................................. vii
LIMIT STATES DESIGN USING THESE TABLES .............................................................. xi
GENERAL NOTES ON THE TABLES ............................................................................... xii
CONVERSION TO SAFE WORKING LOADS .................................................................. xiii
LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS USED IN THE TABLES ................................................ xiv
PART 1:
SECTION PROPERTIES ............................................................................... D1-1
PART 2:
Determination of DESIGN EFFECTS ........................................................... D2-1
PART 3:
SECTION CAPACITIES ................................................................................. D3-1
PART 4:
Members Subject to BENDING .................................................................... D4-1
PART 5:
Members Subject to AXIAL COMPRESSION .............................................. D5-1
PART 6:
Members Subject to AXIAL TENSION ......................................................... D6-1
PART 7:
Members subject to COMBINED ACTIONS ................................................ D7-1
PART 8:
MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS for Beams ....................................................... D8-1
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

iii
FOREWORD
DuraGal C450L0 Rectangular Hollow Sections offer significant benefits in the design of tubular structures
of all kinds.
The high strength characteristics of DuraGal make the product design efficient in terms of mass reduction
and therefore improve the economy of tubular structures.
It is strongly recommended that DuraGal hollow sections manufactured by OneSteel be
specified for use when any of the design information in these design capacity tables are used.
The calculations including product tolerances, mechanical properties and chemical
composition have been validated by testing using only OneSteel products.
To ensure that the designers intentions are met, it is recommended that a note to this effect is
included on any design documentation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
OneSteel Market Mills Pipe & Tube wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the Australian Institute of
Steel Construction in allowing some data from their publication Design Capacity Tables for Structural
Steel Hollow Sections to be included in this publication.
Recognition and thanks are also due to:
AISC Technical Services staff
in the calculation and compilation of the technical text and design capacity tables. Acknowledgment is
also made of Standards of Australia permission to reprint a table from AS 4100-1998.
PREVIOUS ISSUES
June 1994
June 1996
September 1999
September 2000
July 2001 (electronic format only)
iv

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PREFACE
DuraGal RHS is manufactured to meet the requirements of AS 1163 Grade C450L0.
The companion is necessary as the DuraGal DCTs include some research that was not available to The
AISC and some design aids that were not incorparated in the AISC DCTs. The Differences are :-
Dramatically increased segment length for full lateral restraint (FLR)[6].
Maximum design loads for continuous, fixed end and cantilever beams.
Elastic buckling loads (Nom) for various effective lengths.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

INTRODUCTION
DESIGN CAP
ACITY TABLES
CAPACITY
The DuraGal Design Capacity Tables have been prepared in accordance with AS 4100-1998 - Steel
Structures.
Research was undertaken at the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The University of Sydney[1,2]
to confirm the application of those member design rules in AS 4100 applicable to the design of coldformed sections for the determination of DuraGal Design Capacities.
The tables in this publication use the method recommended in [6] for calculating the segment length for full
lateral restraint (FLR) of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS). OneSteel Market Mills Pipe & Tube
commissioned the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney
to undertake an analytical study of the lateral buckling of RHS. The study was conducted as RHS sections
rarely buckle laterally, yet AS 4100-1990 Steel Structures required a reduction in the section capacity to
account for lateral buckling in RHS members with comparatively closely spaced braces. The results of
the study are contained in [6] and show that the rules in AS 4100 give conservative values of FLR for
RHS. The results of the analytical investigation have been confirmed by a testing program. [8]
Design capacity tables have been included for the 2.3 and 2.8 mm thick C450L0 material produced by
OneSteel and are headed Non-Standard thickness. These tables are provided to allow designers to
select an equivalent capacity section when converting to a OneSteel standard DuraGal section. Design
capacities for sizes in thicknesses 1.6 to 6 mm are contained in tables headed Standard Thickness.
CONNECTIONS
A research program[7] has been completed at the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The
University of Sydney, to develop rules for the design of connections in cold-formed steel hollow sections
manufactured by OneSteel. The program included DuraGal and also covered sections less than 3.0 mm
thick.
Standards Australia, Amendment No. 3 to AS 4100-1990 Steel Structures, incorporated this research
work and allowed the use of hollow sections to AS 1163, thinner than 3mm thick.
PLASTIC DESIGN
Another research program[10] completed at the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The University
of Sydney, has shown that plastic design methods can be used in the design of portal frames using
DuraGal hollow sections. Typically a 15% increase in strength design capacity can result. This increase
can be of most benefit in rigid frames, ie low rise portal frames such as those used in commercial/
industrial sheds, garages, farm buildings, etc, where deflection due to design loads is not a critical limit
state.
The research was partially funded by CIDECT, an international committee for the development and study
of tubular structures, and will eventually be incorporated in their series of design aids.
OneSteel is developing a range of proprietary fittings suitable for use in the above types of buildings. For
more information ring Freecall 1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335) or Freefax on 1800 101 141.
vi

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
GRADE
DuraGal RHS is manufactured by a unique cold forming process which ensures that it complies with the
requirements of AS 1163 to both Grade C350L0 and Grade C450L0.
Grade and Mechanical Properties

Grade
C350L0/C450L0
Minimum
Yield
Stress
fy
MPa
Minimum
Tensile
Strength
fu
MPa
Minimum elongation as a
proportion of gauge length
of 5.65So
450
500
16
L0 indicates that DuraGal has Charpy V-notch impact properties as specified in AS 1163-1991.
AS4100 - 1998 Steel Structures, in section 10, permits L0 grades to have the following minimum
service temperature:
Thickness - mm
Lowest One Day Mean Ambient

Temperature - oC
t< 6
-30
SURFACE FINISH
External
In-line Hot dip galvanizes over a prepared metal surface to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum
average coating mass of 100 g/m2 or approximately 14.3 microns thick, in accordance with AS/NZS
4792:1999, Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or a
specialized process. A surface conversion coating is applied to protect the galvanizing prior to fabrication.
Internal
Black steel surface.
SIZE RANGE
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Square
Rectangle
20 x 20 to 100 x 100
50 x 20 to 150 x 50

vii
LENGTH RANGE
DuraGal is stocked by distributors in the following lengths.
Size
Standard Length - m
Non-Standard Lengths* - m
20 x 20 to 30 x 30
6.5
4.5 to 8.0
35 x 35 to 100 x 100
50 x 20 to 150 x 50
8.0
4.5 to 13.0
* Non-standard Lengths - Minimum order quantities and/or price extras may apply.
CHEMISTRY
Chemical Composition (Cast or Product), % max.
C
Si
Mn
Al
CE
0.20
0.05
1.60
0.040
0.030
0.10
0.39
The carbon equivalent (CE) in the above is calculated for an actual composition using the following equation:
CE = C +
Mn Cr + Mo + V Ni + Cu
+
+
6
5
15
This value is used in AS/NZS 1554.1:2000 Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures, to determine
the welding preheat required. Steels with CE of less than 0.39 in general, do not require preheat.
TOLERANCES
Cross Section
Outside Dimension
d or b mm
Maximum permissible
Variation from specified
outside dimension (mm)
< 50
> 50
Maximum permissible
out-of-square at
corners (degree)
0.5
0.01d or 0.01b
d = outside depth of section

b = outside breadth of section
Thickness
10% of nominal
Mass
Not less than 0.96 times nominal
Straightness
Specified length
500
Twist
viii
2 mm plus 0.5 mm per metre of length

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Length
Size
Mill Cut Length Tolerance*
20 x 20 to 30 x 30
- 0 + 25mm
35 x 35 to 100 x 100
50 x 20 to 150 x 50
- 0 + 50mm
* Exact lengths, subject to enquiry.
Corner Radii
Size
Typical external
corner radii
Typical angle
of arc
t < 3mm
t > 3mm
2.0t
2.5t
75
75o
t = section thickness
WELDING
DuraGal is readily welded. Its thin, evenly applied galvanized coating ensures minimal welding fumes.
However, the ventilation recommendations given in WTIA (Welding Technology Institute of Australia)
Technical Note 7, July 1989 Table 17.2 should be observed. Mechanical dilution ventilation is advised for
open work space and mechanical ventilation by local exhaust system for limited work space and confined space.
DuraGals carbon equivalent of less than 0.39 allows it to be welded without preheat, in accordance with
AS/NZS 1554.1:2000 Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures. The following are recommended
consumables.
Process
Recommended Consumables
Manual Metal-Arc (AS/NZS 1553.1)
E48XX (Grade 2)
Gas-Metal-Arc (AS/NZS 2717.1)
W502
Submerged Arc (AS 1858.1)
W502Y
Flux-Cored Arc (AS 2203.1)
W502X.X
For more advice reference should be made to the DuraGal Easy Welding Guide available from OneSteel.
Further research [5], [7] has shown that the mechanical properties of cold-formed hollow sections are not
reduced by a wide range of welding operations. The grade designations of cold-formed hollow sections
based on yield strength are also not affected by hot dip galvanising.
PAINTING
DuraGals unique surface preparation and protective coating means painting and powder coating are
easy and economical, and the result is a smooth attractive surface. Refer to the DuraGal Painting and
Corrosion Protection Guide for more detailed information.
POWDER COATING
A degrease and zinc phosphate pretreatment prior to applying the powder coating is recommended.
Refer to the OneSteel Powder Coating Guide for more detailed recommendations.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

ix
WHITE RUST
If white rust is present, this should be removed before painting. Refer to the DuraGal Easy Painting Guide
for information on the removal of white rust.
PROTECTION OF WELD AFFECTED AREAS

See the DuraGal Easy Painting & Corrosion Protection Guide for information.
Copies of the painting guide can be obtained by contacting OneSteel Direct
Freecall
1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335)
Freefax
1800 101 141
E-mail
onesteeldirect@onesteel.com
REFERENCES
[1]
Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The University of Sydney, Tests to Determine the
Reliability of Stub Columns of DuraGal RHS, Investigation Report S916, August 1992.
[2]
Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The University of Sydney, Tests to Determine the
Reliability of Beams of DuraGal RHS, Investigation Report S917, August 1992.
[3]
Hasan, S.W., Hancock, G.J., Plastic Bending Tests of Cold-Formed Rectangular Hollow
Sections, Steel Construction, AISC, Vol.23, No.4 1989.
[4]
Key, P.W., Hasan, S.W., Hancock, G.J., Column Behaviour of Cold-Formed Hollow Sections,
Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 2, 1988.
[5]
HERA, Investigation of the Brittle Fracture Resistance of Cold-Formed Rectangular Hollow

section. (Part 2), HERA Report R4-39, Auckland Industrial Development Division Department
of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1987.
[6]
Centre For Advanced Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney,
Inelastic Buckling Strength of RHSs, Investigation Report S941, May 1993.
[7]
Centre For Advanced Structural Engineering, School of Civil and Mining Engineering, The
University of Sydney, Tests and Design of Butt Welds and Fillet Welds in DuraGal RHS Members,
Research Report No. R702, November 1994.
[8]
Zhao, X-L, Hancock, G.J., and Trahair, N.S., Lateral-BuckIing Tests of Cold-Formed RHS Beams,
Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 11, 1995.
[9]
Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, School of Civil and Mining Engineering, The University
of Sydney, Behaviour of Cold-Formed Slender SHS Beam Columns, Research Report No.
R707, September 1995.
[10]
Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, School of Civil and Mining Engineering, The
University of Sydney, Plastic Design of Cold-Formed RHS, CIDECT Project 2S-5-98, Final
Report.

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
LIMIT ST
ATES DESIGN USING
STA
THESE T
ABLES
TABLES
Definition of limit states - When a structure or part of a structure is rendered unfit for use it reaches a limit
state. In this state it ceases to perform the functions or to satisfy the conditions for which it was designed.
Relevant limit states for structural steel include strength, serviceability, stability, fatigue, brittle fracture,
fire and earthquake. Only two limit states for structural steel are considered in these tables - strength limit
state, and where applicable, serviceability limit state.
Australian Standard AS 4100-1998 Steel Structures introduced a limit states approach to structural steel
design within Australia. The code follows a semi-probabilistic limit states basis presented in a deterministic
format.
Limit states design requires structural members and connections to be proportioned such that the design
capacity effect (S *) resulting from the design action (W *), is less than or equal to the design capacity
(Ru) i.e.
S * < Ru
Design action or design load (W*) is the combination of the nominal actions or loads (e.g. transverse
loads on a beam) imposed upon the structure, multiplied by the appropriate load factors as specified in
AS 1170. These design actions/loads are identified by a superscript (*) after the appropriate action/load
(e.g. W *L describes the design transverse load on a beam).
Design action effects (S *) are the actions (e.g. design bending moments, shear forces, axial loads)
computed from the design actions or design loads using an acceptable method of analysis. These
effects are identified by a superscript (*) after the appropriate action effect (e.g. M * describes the design
bending moment).
Design capacity (fRu ) is the product of the nominal capacity (Ru) and the appropriate capacity factor (f)
found in Table 3.4 of AS 4100. Ru is determined from Sections 5 to 8 as appropriate, in AS 4100.
For example, consider the strength limit state design of a simply supported beam subject to a total transverse
design load (W *L) distributed uniformly along the beam with full lateral restraint.
The corresponding design action effect (S *) is the design bending moment (M *) which is determined by:
where
L =
span of the beam
In this case the design capacity (Ru) is equal to the design section moment capacity (Ms), which is
given by:
where
=
fy =
Ze =
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
the capacity factor

yield stress used in design
effective section modulus

xi
To satisfy the requirement for strength limit state design the following relationship must be satisfied:
M * < Ms
The maximum design bending moment is therefore equal to the design section moment capacity (M * <
Ms), and the maximum design load is that design load (W *L) which corresponds to the maximum
design bending moment. It should be noted that in this instance the bending capacity of the beam may not
be the only criteria in the strength limit state which needs to be considered. (eg. shear capacity, bearing
capacity).
The DCTDHS gives values of design capacity (Ru) and maximum design load (W *), where applicable,
determined in accordance with AS 4100. When using these tables, the designer must determine the
relevant strength limit state design action (W *) and/or the corresponding design action effects (S *) to
ensure the strength limit state requirements of AS 4100 are satisfied. Other limit states (e.g. serviceability,
fatigue) must also be considered by the designer. Section 8 of the tables contains design aids for checking
the serviceability limit state for some specific beam load and support configurations.
GENERAL NOTES ON THE TABLES

CONTENTS AND USAGE
For the commonly available Australian structural steel hollow sections, tables are provided for:
(i)
(ii)
section dimensions and section properties, i.e:

- Dimensions and Properties
(PART 1)
- Surface Areas
(PART 1)
- Properties for Assessing Section Capacity to AS 4100
(PART 1)
- Properties for Fire Design
(PART 1)
- Telescoping Sections
(PART 1)
design capacity (Ru) for:

- Section Capacities
(PART 3)
- Members Subject to Bending
(PART 4)
- Members Subject to Axial Compression
(PART 5)
- Members Subject to Axial Tension
(PART 6)
(iii)
elastic buckling load (Nom)
(PART 7)
(iv)
maximum design load (W *) for:

- Strength Limit State (W *L) for Beams
(PART 8)
(PART 8)
- Serviceability Limit State (W *S) for Beams
(simply supported, continuous, fixed end and cantilever beams)
Acceptable methods of analysis for determining the design action effects are described in Section 4 of
AS 4100 and PART 2 of this publication. Information relevant to such methods of analysis is presented
briefly in PART 7 of this publication.
The above recommendations apply to predominantly statically loaded structures but also in broad principle
to dynamically loaded structures subject to moderate cyclic loads, as specified in AS 4100 Section 1, Fatigue.
xii

DCTDHS/06
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PROPERTIES OF STEEL
The properties of steel adopted in these tables are listed below:
Property
Symbol
Value
Elastic Modulus
200 x 103 MPa
Shear Modulus
80 x 103 MPa
Density
7850 kg/m3
Poissons Ratio
0.25
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
11.7 x 10-6 per oC
VALUES PUBLISHED IN TABLES

The design capacities given in these tables are limit states design capacities calculated in
accordance with AS 4100, and must be equal to or greater than the design action effect (eg.
bending moment, shear force, axial force) resulting from the design loads. These design loads
are not working loads, but are obtained by factoring the nominal (working) loads applied to the
structure in accordance with the loading code AS 1170.
DCTDHS/06
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xiii
LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS USED IN THE TABLES

Ae
effective area of a cross-section
Ag
gross area of a cross-section
An
net area of a cross-section
width of a section
be
effective width of a plate element
bb, bbf,
bbw, bs
bearing widths defined in Section D4.3.2
torsional section modulus
Cm
factor for unequal moments
depth of a section
de
effective outside diameter of a circular hollow section
do
outside diameter of a circular hollow section
dw
depth of web
d1
clear depth between flanges
Youngs modulus of elasticity
fu
tensile strength used in design
fy
f *va
average design shear stress in the web
f *vm
maximum design shear stress in the web
shear modulus of elasticity; or nominal dead load
second moment of area of a cross-section
Iw
warping section constant
Ix
I about the cross-sectional major principal x-axis
Iy
I about the cross-sectional minor principal y-axis
torsional section constant
ke
member effective length factor
kf
form factor for members subject to axial compression
kl
load height effective length factor
kr
effective length factor for restraint against lateral rotation
ksm
exposed surface area to mass ratio
kt
correction factor for distribution of forces in a tension member; or twist restraint effective length factor
span or member length; or segment or sub-segment length
Le
effective length of a compression member; or effective length of a laterally unsupported flexural member
Mb
nominal member moment capacity
Mbx
Mb about major principal x-axis
Mix
nominal in-plane member moment capacity about major principal x-axis
Miy
nominal in-plane member moment capacity about minor principal y-axis
Mo
reference elastic buckling moment for a member subject to bending
Moa
amended elastic buckling moment for a member subject to bending
Mox
nominal out-of-plane member moment capacity about major principal x-axis
Mrx
Ms about major principal x-axis reduced by axial force
xiv

DCTDHS/06
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Mry
Ms about minor principal y-axis reduced by axial force
Ms
nominal section moment capacity
Msx
Ms about major principal x-axis
Msy
Ms about minor principal y-axis
Mz
nominal torsional moment section capacity
M*
design bending moment
M *m
maximum calculated design bending moment along the length of a member or in a segment
M *x
design bending moment about major principal x-axis
M *y
design bending moment about minor principal y-axis
M *z
design torsional moment
Nc
nominal member capacity in compression
Ncx
Nc for member buckling about major principal x-axis
Ncy
Nc for member buckling about minor principal y-axis
Nom
elastic flexural buckling load of a member
Nomb
Nom for a braced member
Nomx
Nomy
2El x
(k e L ) 2
2El x
(k e L )
Nom about major principal x-axis
Nom about minor principal y-axis
Ns
nominal section capacity of a concentrically loaded compression member
Nt
nominal section capacity in tension
N*
design axial force, tensile or compressive
applied load
Rb
nominal bearing capacity of a web
R bb
nominal bearing buckling capacity
Rby
nominal bearing yield capacity
Ru
nominal capacity
radius of gyration
rext
external corner radius
rx
radius of gyration about major principal x-axis
ry
radius of gyration about minor principal y-axis
R*
design bearing force
plastic section modulus
Sx
S about major principal x-axis
Sy
S about minor principal y-axis
S*
design action effect
thickness of a section
tf
thickness of a flange
tw
thickness of a web
DCTDHS/06
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xv
Vu
nominal shear capacity of a web with a uniform shear stress distribution
Vv
nominal shear capacity of a web
Vvx
Vv of a member in the major principal x-axis direction
Vvy
Vv of a member in the minor principal y-axis direction
V*
design shear force
applied load
W*
design action
W *L
strength limit state maximum design load
W *S
serviceability limit state maximum design load
elastic section modulus
Ze
Zex
Ze for bending about major principal x-axis
Zey
Ze for bending about minor principal y-axis
Zn
Z for bending about n-axis
Zx
Z for bending about major principal x-axis
Zy
Z for bending about minor principal y-axis
aa
compression member factor (as defined in Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
ab
compression member section constant (as defined in Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
ac
compression member slenderness reduction factor
am
moment modification factor for bending
sh
modified slenderness reduction factor
coefficient of thermal expansion for steel
ratio of smaller to larger bending moments at the ends of a member
deflection of a member
moment amplification factor for a braced member
moment amplification factor, taken as the greater of b and s
moment amplification factor for a sway member
compression member imperfection factor (as defined in Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
angle of twist per unit length slenderness ratio
elastic buckling load factor
plate element slenderness
ed
plate element deformation slenderness limit
ep
plate element plasticity slenderness limit
ey
plate element yield slenderness limit
modified compression member slenderness
Poissons ratio
compression member factor (as defined in Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
pi ( 3.14159)
density of a material
capacity factor
xvi

DCTDHS/06
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PART 1 SECTION PROPERTIES
1
1
PAGE
D1.1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ D1-2
D1.2
SECTION PROPERTY TABLES .................................................................................... D1-2
D1.2.1
Dimensions and Properties ............................................................................................ D1-2
D1.2.1.1
Torsion Constants ........................................................................................................... D1-3
D1.2.1.2
Corner Radii ................................................................................................................... D1-4
D1.2.2
Surface Areas ................................................................................................................. D1-4
D1.2.3
Properties for Assessing Section Capacities .................................................................. D1-4
D1.2.3.1
Compactness .................................................................................................................. D1-5
D1.2.3.2
Effective Section Modulus............................................................................................... D1-5
D1.2.3.3
Form Factor .................................................................................................................... D1-6
D1.3
PROPERTIES FOR FIRE DESIGN ................................................................................ D1-7
D1.4
TELESCOPING SECTIONS ........................................................................................... D1-8
D1.4.1
Scope ............................................................................................................................. D1-8
D1.4.2
Method ............................................................................................................................ D1-8
TABLES
TABLES D1.2-1 to D1.2-4
Dimensions and Properties/Properties for Assessing Section Capacity ...................... D1.11
Properties for Fire Design ............................................................................................. D1-17
Telescoping Information ................................................................................................ D1-22
NOTE: SEE PAGE vii FOR THE SPECIFIC MATERIAL

STANDARD REFERRED TO BY THE SECTION TYPE AND
STEEL GRADE IN THESE TABLES.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-1
PART 1 SECTION PROPERTIES

D1.1
INTRODUCTION
The section property tables include all relevant section dimensions and properties necessary for assessing
DuraGal tubular steel structures in accordance with AS 4100 - 1998.
D1.2
SECTION PROPERTY TABLES
For each group of structural hollow section the tables include:
Dimensions and Properties
Properties for Assessing Section Capacity to AS 4100.
D1.2.1 Dimensions and Properties

The tables give standard dimensions and properties for DuraGal structural steel hollow sections. The
second moments of area are required for serviceability calculations and the radii of gyration are required
for assessing member stability. The elastic and plastic section moduli for bending about the various axes
are also tabulated. These are utilised in an intermediate step to determine the effective section modulus
for flexural design to AS 4100. The elastic section moduli are also used in the determination of elastic
stresses where design for fatigue must be considered, or where the stress state at serviceability loads
may need to be checked. The torsion constants are used in determining the torsional moment and angle
of twist per unit length.
D1-2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D 1.2.1.1 Torsion Constants

The torsional inertia constant (J) and the torsional modulus constant (C) for square and rectangular
hollow sections are defined as follows:
h
J = t 3
+ 2kAh
3
3 h
+ 2kAh
t
= 3
t +
Ro + Ri
2
2[(b - t) + (d - t)] - 2Rc(4 - )
Ah
(b - t)(d - t) - Rc2 (4 - )
specified thickness of section
width of section
depth of section
Ro
outer corner radius
Ri
inner corner radius
Rc
mean corner radius
length of the mid-contour
Ah
area enclosed by h
integration constant
where Rc
and
2Aht
h
as shown in Figure D1.2.1.1
Figure D1.2.1.1: Parameters for Calculation of

Torsion Constants
The information contained in Section D1.2.1.1 was extracted from:
International Standard ISO 657/XIV, Hot-rolled steel sections - Part XIV : Hot-finished structural
hollow sections - Dimensions and sectional properties, 1977.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-3
D 1.2.1.2 Corner Radii

The section properties presented in this publication are calculated in accordance with AS 1163.
Figure D1.2.1.2 shows the corner radii detail used in determining section properties. However it should be
noted that the actual corner geometry may vary from that shown.
a) thickness 3.0 mm and less
b) thickness greater than 3.0 mm
Figure D1.2.1.2: Corner Geometry for Determining Section Properties
D1.2.2 Surface Areas

Surface area data may be used in estimating quantities of protective coatings. Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-6
include values of external surface area per metre and external surface area per tonne.
D1.2.3 Properties for Assessing Section Capacities

These properties are necessary for calculating the section capacities of the structural hollow sections in
accordance with AS 4100. The effective section moduli, compactness of section, and the form factor are
tabulated according to steel grade.
D1-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D 1.2.3.1 Compactness
In Clauses 5.2.3, 5.2.4, and 5.2.5 of AS 4100, sections are described as compact, non-compact or
slender. This type of categorisation provides a measure of the relative importance of yielding and local
buckling on the effective section modulus.
The tables include a column headed compactness where the compactness or otherwise of the sections
is indicated for a given axis of bending as follows:
C compact
N non-compact
S slender
These terms are important with respect to selecting the methods of analysis that may be used to determine
the design action effects (see Clause 4.5 of AS 4100) or in using the provisions of Section 8 of AS 4100
for designing members subject to combined actions. Clause 4.5 of AS 4100 does not currently permit
plastic analysis when designing with structural hollow sections.
Research has shown that most DuraGal hollow sections are suitable for design by plastic analysis and AS
4100 will be revised as soon as possible. In the interim, for details of the research in a case study phone
OneSteel Direct on Freecall 1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335) or Freefax 1800 101 141.
D 1.2.3.2 Effective Section Modulus

Subsequent to the evaluation of compactness the effective section modulus (Ze) is also tabulated. Ze is
determined by the requirements of Clauses 5.2.2 to 5.2.5 inclusive, of AS 4100 and is used in the calculation
of the nominal section moment capacity (Ms) as defined in Clause 5.2.1 of AS 4100.
Table D1.2.3.2 gives values of plate element slenderness limits for structural hollow sections used in the
determination of Ze in Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4. It should be noted that the deformation limit (ed) is only
exceeded for one of the hollow sections manufactured in accordance with AS 1163 and listed in this
manual. Therefore noticeable deformations (local buckling) will not occur under service loadings except
for 150x50x2.0 product bent about the weak y-axis (ey = 97.9).
Section
RHS,SHS
Element
Residual
Stresses
Plasticity
Limit
ep
Yield
Limit
ey
Deformation
Limit
ed
Compression
Flange
CF
30
40
90
Web
CF
82
115
Table D1.2.3.2: Plate Element Slenderness Limits for Members Subject to Bending
The CF residual stress classification is used as DuraGal is manufactured in Australia by the cold forming
process.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-5
D 1.2.3.3 Form Factor

The form factor (kf) determined in accordance with Clause 6.2.2 of AS 4100 is given by:
kf =
where
Ae
Ag
Ag = gross cross-sectional area

Ae = effective area
Ae was calculated by summing the effective areas of the individual elements whose effective widths are
specified:
for RHS and SHS by
be = b 2t
gFGH IJK bb 2t g
ey
e
where be =
effective width of section (Clause 6.2.4 of AS 4100)
b =
full width of section
t =
thickness of section
ey = yield slenderness limit (see Table D1.2.3.3)

e = plate element slenderness (see Table D1.2.3.3)
Table D1.2.3.3: Plate Element Slenderness Limits for Members Subject to Axial Compression
Section
RHS, SHS
Residual Stresses
CF
Yield Slenderness Limit
ey
40
Plate Element Slenderness
bb 2t g FG f IJ
t
H 250 K
y
kf must be known in order to determine the nominal section capacity of a concentrically loaded compression
member (Ns) as defined in Clause 6.2.1 of AS 4100. The calculation of kf indicates the degree to which the
column section will buckle locally before squashing (i.e. kf = 1.0 signifies a column section which will yield
rather than buckle locally in a short or stub column test). A knowledge of kf is also important when using
the provisions of Section 8 of AS 4100 for designing members subject to combined actions.
D1-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D1.3
PROPERTIES FOR FIRE DESIGN
To assist in the design of DuraGal sections for fire resistance in accordance with Section 12 of AS 4100,
values of the exposed surface area to mass ratio (ksm) are tabulated for the various cases shown in Figure
D1.3.
For unprotected structural hollow sections the values of ksm corresponding to four- and three- sided
exposure should be taken as those corresponding to Cases 1 and 4 respectively. In these instances fire
protection is necessary where a fire rating is required.
For members requiring the addition of fire protection materials, the Handbook of Fire Protection Materials
for Structural Steel published by AISC [1] may be consulted to determine the thickness of proprietary
materials required for a given value of ksm and Fire-Resistance Level (FRL). In the AISC Handbook, the
exposed surface area to mass ratio (E) may be taken as equivalent to ksm. (See also references[3][4])
Figure D1.3: Cases for Calculation of Exposed Surface Area to Mass Ratio
Cases of fire exposure considered:

1 = Profile-protected
2 = Total Perimeter, Box-protected, No Gap
3 = Total Perimeter, Box-protected, 25 mm Gap
4 = Top Flange Excluded, Profile-protected
5 = Top Flange Excluded, Box-protected, No Gap
6 = Top Flange Excluded, Box-protected, 25 mm Gap
Suggested references for Fire Design:
[1]
Proe, D.J., Bennetts, I.D., Thomas, I.R., Szeto, W.T., Handbook of Fire Protection Materials for Structural Steel, Australian Institute of
Steel Construction, 1990.
[2]
Bennetts, I.D., Proe, D.J., Thomas, I.R., Guidelines for Assessment of Fire Resistance of Structural Steel Members, Australian Institute
of Steel Construction, 1987.
[3]
Thomas, I.R Bennetts, I.D and Proe, D.J., Design of Steel Structures for Fire Resistance in Accordance with AS 4100, Steel
Construction, Australian Institute of Steel Construction, Vol 26, No 3, 1992.
[4]
OMeagher, A.J., Bennetts, I.D., Dayawansa, P.H. and Thomas, I.R., Design of Single Storey Industrial Buildings for Fire Resistance,
Steel Construction, Australian Institute of Steel Construction, Vol 26, No2, 1992.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-7
D1.4
TELESCOPING SECTIONS
D1.4.1 Scope
The tables of telescoping sections provided can be used to determine hollow sections which are suitable
for telescoping.
D1.4.2 Method
Total available clearance is tabulated to allow designers to select sections with suitable clearance for the
type of fit required. Sections with clearances less than 2.0 mm are shown bold in the tables. Figure D1.4.2
shows typical telescoping data required to select appropriate sections.
All calculations used in preparation of the tables are based on the nominal dimensions of hollow sections
and manufacturing tolerances specified in AS 1163. Owing to dimensional tolerances permitted within
that standard actual clearances of sections manufactured to this specification will vary marginally from
the values tabulated.
For tight fits, varying corner radii and internal weld heights can affect telescoping of sections and it is
recommended that some form of testing is carried out prior to committing material. Where telescoping
over some length is required, additional clearance may be needed to allow for straightness of the section.
Telescoping of SHS and RHS where the female (outer) has a larger wall thickness requires careful
consideration of corner clearances due to the larger corner radii of the thicker section.
Typical corner geometry may differ from that used for calculation of section properties and reference
should be made to individual manufacturers.
D1-8

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Figure D1.4.2: Telescoping Data
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-9
[ BLANK ]
D1-10

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.2-1(1)
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES

DuraGal RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS: GRADE C450L0
Standard Thickness
DIMENSIONS AND RATIOS

Designation

mm
mm
Mass
per m
External
Surface
Area
PROPERTIES
b-2t
d-2t
mmkg/m
m2/m
Gross
m2/t
mm 2
About x-axis
Section
Area
Ag
per m per t
PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN TO AS 4100
Ix
Zx
106mm4 103mm 3 103mm3
Sx
rx
Iy
mm 106mm4 103mm3
Zy
Sy
103mm 3
Torsion
Form
Constant Modulus
Factor
Torsion
About y-axis
ry
mm 106mm4 103mm3
kf
About x-axis
ex
Compact- Z
ex
ness
103mm 3
(C,N,S)
About y-axis
ey
Compactness
Zey
103mm3
(C,N,S)
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS 16.7

5.0 RHS 14.2
4.0 RHS 11.6
3.0 RHS 8.96
2.5 RHS 7.53
2.0 RHS 6.07
0.374
0.379
0.383
0.390
0.391
0.393
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
6.33
8.00
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
23.0
28.0
35.5
48.0
58.0
73.0
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
5.06
4.44
3.74
2.99
2.54
2.08
67.5
59.2
49.8
39.8
33.9
27.7
91.2
78.9
65.4
51.4
43.5
35.3
48.7
49.5
50.2
51.2
51.5
51.8
0.860
0.765
0.653
0.526
0.452
0.372
34.4
30.6
26.1
21.1
18.1
14.9
40.9
35.7
29.8
23.5
19.9
16.3
20.1
20.5
21.0
21.5
21.7
21.9
2.63
2.30
1.93
1.50
1.28
1.04
64.3
56.8
48.2
38.3
32.8
26.9
1.00
1.00
0.887
0.713
0.633
0.553
8.50
10.7
14.1
19.7
24.1
30.9
C
C
C
C
C
N
91.2
78.9
65.4
51.4
43.5
31.6
30.9
37.6
47.6
64.4
77.8
97.9
N
N
S
S
S
S
40.4
31.8
22.7
14.5
10.9
7.64
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS 16.7

5.0 RHS 14.2
4.0 RHS 11.6
3.0 RHS 8.96
2.5 RHS 7.53
2.0 RHS 6.07
0.374
0.379
0.383
0.390
0.391
0.393
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
10.5
13.0
16.8
23.0
28.0
35.5
18.8
23.0
29.3
39.7
48.0
60.5
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
4.16
3.64
3.05
2.43
2.07
1.69
66.6
58.3
48.9
38.9
33.0
27.0
84.2
72.7
60.3
47.3
40.0
32.5
44.2
44.8
45.4
46.1
46.4
46.7
1.87
1.65
1.39
1.11
0.942
0.771
50.0
43.9
37.0
29.5
25.1
20.6
59.1
51.1
42.4
33.3
28.2
22.9
29.6
30.1
30.6
31.1
31.4
31.6
4.44
3.83
3.16
2.43
2.05
1.67
86.2
75.3
63.0
49.5
42.1
34.4
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.845
0.763
0.624
14.1
17.4
22.5
30.9
37.6
47.6
C
C
C
N
N
S
84.2
72.7
60.3
46.5
34.7
24.8
25.3
30.9
39.2
53.2
64.4
81.2
C
N
N
S
S
S
59.1
50.5
37.4
24.2
18.2
13.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS 12.0

5.0 RHS 10.3
4.0 RHS 8.49
3.5 RHS 7.53
3.0 RHS 6.60
2.5 RHS 5.56
2.0 RHS 4.50
1.6 RHS 3.64
0.274
0.279
0.283
0.285
0.290
0.291
0.293
0.295
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
81.0
6.33
8.00
10.5
12.3
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
14.7 1530
18.0 1310
23.0 1080
26.6 959
31.3 841
38.0 709
48.0 574
60.5 463
1.71
1.53
1.31
1.18
1.06
0.912
0.750
0.613
34.2
30.6
26.1
23.6
21.3
18.2
15.0
12.3
45.3
39.8
33.4
29.9
26.7
22.7
18.5
15.0
33.4
34.1
34.8
35.1
35.6
35.9
36.2
36.4
0.567
0.511
0.441
0.400
0.361
0.311
0.257
0.211
22.7
20.4
17.6
16.0
14.4
12.4
10.3
8.43
27.7
24.4
20.6
18.5
16.4
14.0
11.5
9.33
19.2
19.7
20.2
20.4
20.7
20.9
21.2
21.3
1.53
1.35
1.13
1.01
0.886
0.754
0.616
0.501
40.9
36.5
31.2
28.2
25.0
21.5
17.7
14.5
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.967
0.856
0.746
0.661
8.50
10.7
14.1
16.5
19.7
24.1
30.9
39.2
C
C
C
C
C
C
N
N
45.3
39.8
33.4
29.9
26.7
22.7
18.2
12.5
19.7
24.1
30.9
35.6
42.0
51.0
64.4
81.2
C
C
N
N
S
S
S
S
27.7
24.4
20.3
17.1
13.9
10.4
7.33
5.19
Notes:
1.
D1-11
2.
3.
For Grade C450L0 fy=450 MPa and fu =500 MPa.

fy = yield stress used in design; fu = tensile strength used in design; as defined in AS 4100.
Grade C450L0 to AS 1163 is cold-formed and therefore is allocated the CF residual stresses classification in AS 4100.
C =Compact Section; N = Non-compact Section; S =Slender Section; as defined in AS 4100.
D1-12
TABLE D1.2-1(2)

Standard Thickness

Designation

mm
mm
Mass
per m
External
Surface
Area
PROPERTIES
b-2t
d-2t
mmkg/m
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
m2/m
m2/t
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
0.224
0.229
0.233
0.240
0.241
0.243
0.245
mm 2
23.2
27.4
33.7
44.2
52.7
65.4
81.3
Gross
6.33
8.00
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
About x-axis
Section
Area
Ag
per m per t
Ix
Zx
106mm4 103mm 3 103mm3
10.5 1230
13.0 1060
16.8 881
23.0 691
28.0 584
35.5 474
44.9 383
Sx
rx
Iy
mm 106mm4 103mm3
Zy
Sy
103mm 3
Torsion
Form
Constant Modulus
Factor
Torsion
About y-axis
ry
mm 106mm4 103mm3
0.800
0.726
0.630
0.522
0.450
0.372
0.305
21.3
19.4
16.8
13.9
12.0
9.91
8.14
28.1
24.9
21.1
17.1
14.6
12.0
9.75
25.5
26.1
26.7
27.5
27.7
28.0
28.2
0.421
0.384
0.335
0.278
0.240
0.199
0.164
16.9
15.4
13.4
11.1
9.60
7.96
6.56
21.1
18.8
16.0
12.9
11.0
9.06
7.40
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.3
20.5
20.7
1.01
0.891
0.754
0.593
0.505
0.414
0.337
kf
About x-axis
ex
103mm 3
(C,N,S)
29.3
26.4
22.7
18.4
15.9
13.1
10.8
Compact- Z
ex
ness
About y-axis
ey
Compactness
Zey
103mm3
(C,N,S)
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.904
0.799
8.50
10.7
14.1
19.7
24.1
30.9
39.2
C
C
C
C
C
N
N
28.1
24.9
21.1
17.1
14.6
11.8
8.26
14.1
17.4
22.5
30.9
37.6
47.6
60.2
C
C
C
N
N
S
S
21.1
18.8
16.0
12.8
9.95
7.07
5.01
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS 3.60

2.0 RHS 2.93
1.6 RHS 2.38
0.191 53.1
0.193 65.8
0.195 81.7
8.00 28.0
10.5 35.5
13.6 44.9
459
374
303
0.285
0.238
0.197
7.60
6.36
5.26
10.1
8.31
6.81
24.9
25.3
25.5
0.0487
0.0414
0.0347
3.89
3.31
2.78
4.53
3.77
3.11
10.3
10.5
10.7
0.144
0.120
0.0993
7.14
6.04
5.05
1.00
0.878
0.746
10.7
14.1
18.3
C
C
C
10.1
8.31
6.81
37.6
47.6
60.2
N
S
S
4.05
2.88
2.02
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
0.183
0.190
0.191
0.193
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
6.75
9.67
12.0
15.5
14.3
19.7
24.0
30.5
681
541
459
374
0.328
0.281
0.244
0.204
10.1
8.65
7.52
6.28
13.3
11.0
9.45
7.80
22.0
22.8
23.1
23.4
0.123
0.106
0.0926
0.0778
7.03
6.04
5.29
4.44
8.58
7.11
6.13
5.07
13.4
14.0
14.2
14.4
0.320
0.259
0.223
0.184
12.5
10.4
9.10
7.62
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.985
9.06
13.0
16.1
20.8
C
C
C
C
13.3
11.0
9.45
7.80
19.1
26.4
32.2
40.9
C
C
N
S
8.58
7.11
5.95
4.37
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
0.140
0.141
0.143
0.145
45.5
54.0
66.6
82.5
6.33
8.00
10.5
13.6
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
391
334
274
223
0.112
0.0989
0.0838
0.0702
4.47
3.95
3.35
2.81
5.86
5.11
4.26
3.53
16.9
17.2
17.5
17.7
0.0367
0.0328
0.0281
0.0237
2.93
2.62
2.25
1.90
3.56
3.12
2.62
2.17
9.69
9.91
10.1
10.3
0.0964
0.0843
0.0706
0.0585
5.18
4.60
3.92
3.29
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
8.50
10.7
14.1
18.3
C
C
C
C
5.86
5.11
4.26
3.53
19.7
24.1
30.9
39.2
C
C
N
N
3.56
3.12
2.58
1.92
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
0.130
0.131
0.133
0.135
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
4.67
6.00
8.00
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
361
309
254
207
0.0951
0.0848
0.0723
0.0608
3.81
3.39
2.89
2.43
5.16
4.51
3.78
3.14
16.2
16.6
16.9
17.1
0.0212
0.0192
0.0167
0.0142
2.12
1.92
1.67
1.42
2.63
2.32
1.96
1.63
7.67
7.89
8.11
8.29
0.0620
0.0550
0.0466
0.0389
3.88
3.49
3.00
2.55
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
6.26
8.05
10.7
14.1
C
C
C
C
5.16
4.51
3.78
3.14
19.7
24.1
30.9
39.2
C
C
N
N
2.63
2.32
1.93
1.44
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.2-2

Non-Standard Thickness


Designation
mm
mm
Mass
per m
t
mmkg/m
External
Surface
Area
b-2t
PROPERTIES
d-2t
m2/m
Gross
m2/t
mm 2
About x-axis
Section
Area
Ag
per m per t
Ix
Zx
106mm4 103mm 3 103mm3
Sx
rx
Iy
mm 106mm4 103mm3
Zy
103mm 3
Sy
Torsion
Form
Constant Modulus
Factor
Torsion
About y-axis
ry
mm 106mm4 103mm3
kf
About x-axis
ex
Compact- Z
ex
ness
103mm 3
(C,N,S)
About y-axis
ey
Compactness
Zey
103mm3
(C,N,S)
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS 8.39

2.3 RHS 6.95
0.390 46.5
0.392 56.4
24.8
30.6
42.6 1070
52.3 885
2.29
1.92
36.6
30.6
44.4
37.0
46.2
46.5
1.04
0.875
27.8
23.3
31.3
26.1
31.2
31.4
2.28
1.90
46.6
39.1
0.812
0.721
33.3
41.1
N
S
41.8
30.2
57.2
70.2
S
S
21.7
16.1
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS 6.19

2.3 RHS 5.14
0.290 46.9
0.292 56.8
15.9
19.7
33.7
41.5
788
655
1.00
0.848
20.1
17.0
25.1
21.0
35.7
36.0
0.341
0.290
13.6
11.6
15.5
13.0
20.8
21.0
0.834
0.699
23.6
20.0
0.922
0.812
21.3
26.5
C
C
25.1
21.0
45.2
55.6
S
S
12.5
9.12
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS 5.09

2.3 RHS 4.24
0.240 47.2
0.242 57.1
15.9
19.7
24.8
30.6
648
540
0.493
0.419
13.2
11.2
16.1
13.6
27.6
27.9
0.263
0.224
10.5
8.96
12.2
10.3
20.1
20.4
0.558
0.469
17.4
14.8
1.00
0.984
21.3
26.5
C
C
16.1
13.6
33.3
41.1
N
S
11.6
8.80
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS 3.99

2.3 RHS 3.34
0.190 47.7
0.192 57.6
10.5
13.2
21.2
26.3
508
425
0.267
0.229
8.21
7.04
10.4
8.81
22.9
23.2
0.101
0.0869
5.75
4.96
6.73
5.72
14.1
14.3
0.245
0.208
9.92
8.53
1.00
1.00
14.1
17.7
C
C
10.4
8.81
28.5
35.2
C
N
6.73
5.32
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS 2.89

2.3 RHS 2.44
0.140 48.5
0.142 58.4
6.93 15.9
8.87 19.7
368
310
0.107
0.0931
4.27
3.72
5.57
4.78
17.0
17.3
0.0352
0.0310
2.82
2.48
3.39
2.92
9.78 0.0917
10.0 0.0790
4.96
4.34
1.00
1.00
9.30
11.9
C
C
5.57
4.78
21.3
26.5
C
C
3.39
2.92
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS 2.67

2.3 RHS 2.25
0.130 48.8
0.132 58.6
5.14 15.9
6.70 19.7
340
287
0.0912
0.0800
3.65
3.20
4.91
4.23
16.4
16.7
0.0205
0.0183
2.05
1.83
2.51 7,76
0.0594
2.18
7.98 0.0518
3.73
3.31
1.00
1 .00
6.90
8.98
C
C
4.91
4.23
21.3
26.5
C
C
2.51
2.18
Notes:
1.
2.
3.

D1-13
D1-14
TABLE D1.2-3(1)

DuraGal SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS: GRADE C450L0
Standard Thickness

Designation
Mass
per m
External
Surface
Area
PROPERTIES
b-2t
t
Gross

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
per m
per t
Ag
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
m2/m
mm 2
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
0.374
0.379
0.383
0.390
0.391
0.393
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
14.7
18.0
23.0
31.3
38.0
48.0
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
0.350
0.351
0.353
0.355
43.6
52.1
64.8
80.8
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
0.330
0.334
0.341
75 x 75 x 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
65 x 65 x 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
90 x 90 x 3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
About x-, y- and n-axis
Section
Area
100 x100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
Ix
Torsion
Torsion
Form
Constant
Modulus
Factor
kf
Compactness
Ze
(C,N,S)
103mm3
19.7
24.1
30.9
42.0
51.0
64.4
C
C
N
S
S
S
73.5
63.5
51.9
34.4
26.2
19.0
1.00
0.878
0.696
0.553
37.6
45.6
57.7
72.8
N
S
S
S
29.4
22.3
16.1
11.6
71.6
62.7
47.1
1.00
1.00
1.00
17.2
21.2
31.4
C
C
N
56.6
49.1
35.7
2.04
1.77
1.48
1.32
1.15
0.971
0.790
48.2
42.6
36.1
32.5
28.7
24.6
20.2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.841
14.1
17.4
22.5
26.1
30.9
37.6
47.6
C
C
C
C
N
N
S
38.4
33.6
28.2
25.3
22.2
17.0
12.2
1.27
1.12
0.939
0.733
0.624
0.509
0.414
34.2
30.6
26.2
21.0
18.1
14.9
12.2
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.978
0.774
11.9
14.8
19.1
26.4
32.2
40.9
51.8
C
C
C
C
N
S
S
27.5
24.3
20.6
16.6
13.7
9.80
7.03
Zx
Zn
Sx
rx
106mm 4
103mm 3
103mm3
103mm3
mm
106mm4
103mm3
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
3.04
2.66
2.23
1.77
1.51
1.23
60.7
53.1
44.6
35.4
30.1
24.6
47.1
40.5
33.5
26.0
21.9
17.8
73.5
63.5
52.6
41.2
34.9
28.3
37.7
38.3
38.8
39.4
39.6
39.9
5.15
4.42
3.63
2.79
2.35
1.91
93.6
81.4
68.0
53.2
45.2
36.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.952
0.787
0.624
28.0
34.0
43.0
54.3
1020
859
694
559
1.27
1.09
0.889
0.724
28.3
24.1
19.7
16.1
20.8
17.6
14.3
11.6
33.0
28.0
22.8
18.5
35.3
35.6
35.8
36.0
2.01
1.70
1.38
1.12
42.5
36.2
29.6
24.1
22.5
26.7
37.6
12.8
15.8
23.4
1870
1590
1150
2.06
1.81
1.37
46.2
40.7
30.9
36.3
31.4
23.2
56.6
49.1
36.5
33.2
33.7
34.5
3.54
3.05
2.24
0.274
0.279
0.283
0.285
0.290
0.291
0.293
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
10.5
13.0
16.8
19.4
23.0
28.0
35.5
1530
1310
1080
959
841
709
574
1.16
1.03
0.882
0.797
0.716
0.614
0.505
30.9
27.5
23.5
21.3
19.1
16.4
13.5
24.7
21.6
18.0
16.1
14.2
12.0
9.83
38.4
33.6
28.2
25.3
22.5
19.1
15.6
27.5
28.0
28.6
28.8
29.2
29.4
29.7
0.234
0.239
0.243
0.250
0.251
0.253
0.255
23.1
27.3
33.6
44.1
52.6
65.3
81.2
8.83
11.0
14.3
19.7
24.0
30.5
38.6
1290
1110
921
721
609
494
399
0.706
0.638
0.552
0.454
0.391
0.323
0.265
21.7
19.6
17.0
14.0
12.0
9.94
8.16
17.8
15.6
13.2
10.4
8.91
7.29
5.94
27.5
24.3
20.6
16.6
14.1
11.6
9.44
23.4
23.9
24.5
25.1
25.3
25.6
25.8

About x- and y-axis
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.2-3(2)

Standard Thickness

Designation

mm
mm
Mass
per m
t
mm
50 x 50 x 5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
External
Surface
Area
per m
per t
kg/m
m /m
PROPERTIES
b-2t
t
Gross
Section
Area
Ag
mm
Ix
2
10 mm
Zx
4
10 mm
Zn
3
10 mm
Sx
3
10 mm
Torsion
Torsion
Form
Constant
Modulus
Factor
kf
rx
3
mm
10 mm
10 mm
About x- and y-axis
Compactness
Ze
(C,N,S)
103mm3
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
0.179
0.183
0.190
0.191
0.193
0.195
27.9
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
81.7
8.00
10.5
14.7
18.0
23.0
29.3
814
681
541
459
374
303
0.257
0.229
0.195
0.169
0.141
0.117
10.3
9.15
7.79
6.78
5.66
4.68
8.51
7.33
5.92
5.09
4.20
3.44
13.2
11.4
9.39
8.07
6.66
5.46
17.8
18.3
19.0
19.2
19.5
19.6
0.469
0.403
0.321
0.275
0.226
0.185
16.3
14.3
11.8
10.2
8.51
7.03
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
10.7
14.1
19.7
24.1
30.9
39.2
C
C
C
C
N
N
13.2
11.4
9.39
8.07
6.58
4.74
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
0.143
0.150
0.151
0.153
0.155
34.9
45.3
53.7
66.4
82.3
8.00
11.3
14.0
18.0
23.0
521
421
359
294
239
0.105
0.0932
0.0822
0.0694
0.0579
5.26
4.66
4.11
3.47
2.90
4.36
3.61
3.13
2.61
2.15
6.74
5.72
4.97
4.13
3.41
14.2
14.9
15.1
15.4
15.6
0.192
0.158
0.136
0.113
0.0927
8.33
7.07
6.21
5.23
4.36
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
10.7
15.2
18.8
24.1
30.9
C
C
C
C
N
6.74
5.72
4.97
4.13
3.37
35 x 35 x 3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
0.130
0.131
0.133
0.135
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
9.67
12.0
15.5
19.9
361
309
254
207
0.0595
0.0529
0.0451
0.0379
3.40
3.02
2.58
2.16
2.67
2.33
1.95
1.62
4.23
3.69
3.09
2.57
12.8
13.1
13.3
13.5
0.102
0.0889
0.0741
0.0611
5.18
4.58
3.89
3.26
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
13.0
16.1
20.8
26.7
C
C
C
C
4.23
3.69
3.09
2.57
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
0.113
0.115
67.4
83.3
13.0
16.8
214
175
0.0272
0.0231
1.81
1.54
1.39
1.16
2.21
1.84
11.3
11.5
0.0454
0.0377
2.75
2.32
1.00
1.00
17.4
22.5
C
C
2.21
1.84
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.0914
0.0931
0.0945
55.7
68.3
84.1
8.00
10.5
13.6
209
174
143
0.0169
0.0148
0.0128
1.35
1.19
1.02
1.08
0.926
0.780
1.71
1.47
1.24
8.99
9.24
9.44
0.0297
0.0253
0.0212
2.07
1.80
1.54
1.00
1.00
1.00
10.7
14.1
18.3
C
C
C
1.71
1.47
1.24
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
0.0745
85.4
10.5
111
0.00608
0.608
0.474
0.751
7.39
0.0103
0.924
1.00
14.1
0.751
Notes:
1.
D1-15
2.
3.

D1-16
TABLE D1.2-4



Designation
Mass
per m
External
Surface
Area
PROPERTIES
b-2t
t
Gross
Section
Area
per m
per t
Ag
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
m2/m
mm 2
Ix
106mm 4
Torsion
Torsion
Form
Constant
Modulus
Factor
kf
Zx
Zn
Sx
rx
103mm 3
103mm3
103mm3
mm
106mm4
103mm3
About x- and y-axis
Compactness
Ze
(C,N,S)
103mm3
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
0.390
0.392
46.5
56.4
33.7
41.5
1070
885
1.67
1.40
33.3
27.9
24.4
20.3
38.7
32.3
39.5
39.7
2.61
2.17
50.0
41.9
0.886
0.721
45.2
55.6
S
S
31.0
23.1
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
0.290
0.292
46.9
56.8
24.8
30.6
788
655
0.676
0.571
18.0
15.2
13.3
11.2
21.2
17.7
29.3
29.5
1.08
0.900
27.1
22.9
1.00
0.974
33.3
41.1
N
S
20.1
15.0
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
0.252
57.0
26.3
563
0.364
11.2
13.1
25.4
0.579
16.9
1.00
35.2
12.1
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
0.190
0.192
47.7
57.6
15.9
19.7
508
425
0.185
0.159
7.40
6.34
5.60
4.74
8.87
7.52
19.1
19.3
0.303
0.256
11.2
9.55
1.00
1.00
21.3
26.5
C
C
8.87
7.52
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
0.150
0.152
48.3
58.1
12.3
15.4
396
333
0.0890
0.0773
4.45
3.86
3.43
2.93
5.43
4.64
15.0
15.2
0.149
0.127
6.74
5.83
1.00
1.00
16.5
20.6
C
C
5.43
4.64
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
0.130
0.132
48.8
58.6
10.5
13.2
340
287
0.0570
0.0499
3.26
2.85
2.54
2.19
4.02
3.46
12.9
13.2
0.0970
0.0831
4.95
4.32
1.00
1.00
14.1
17.7
C
C
4.02
3.46
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
8.27

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.3-1(A)
FIRE ENGINEERING DESIGN

EXPOSED SURFACE AREA TO MASS RATIO (m2/t)
Standard Thickness
about x-axis
1 = TOTAL PERIMETER, PROFILE-PROTECTED

2 = TOTAL PERIMETER, BOX-PROTECTED, NO GAP
3 = TOTAL PERIMETER, BOX-PROTECTED, 25mm GAP
4 = TOP FLANGE EXCLUDED, PROFILE-PROTECTED
5 = TOP FLANGE EXCLUDED, BOX-PROTECTED, NO GAP
6 = TOP FLANGE EXCLUDED, BOX PROTECTED, 25mm GAP
Designation
d
b t
mm
mm
mm
Mass
per m
kg/m
150 x 50 x
6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
35.8
42.1
51.6
67.0
79.7
98.8
21.2
24.8
30.3
39.3
46.7
57.8
20.9
24.6
30.1
39.1
46.5
57.6
26.9
31.6
38.7
50.2
59.8
74.1
125 x 75 x
6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
35.8
42.1
51.6
67.0
79.7
98.8
19.7
23.1
28.2
36.5
43.4
53.7
19.4
22.8
28.0
36.3
43.2
53.5
25.4
29.8
36.6
47.5
56.5
70.0
100 x 50 x
6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
81.0
24.9
29.1
35.4
39.9
45.5
53.9
66.6
82.5
41.6
48.5
58.9
66.4
75.8
89.8
111
138
21.1
24.6
29.8
33.5
38.1
45.2
55.8
69.0
20.8
24.2
29.5
33.2
37.9
44.9
55.5
68.8
29.1
33.9
41.2
46.5
53.0
62.9
77.7
96.3
75 x 50 x
6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3 0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
23.2
27.4
33.7
44.2
52.7
65.4
81.3
25.8
29.9
36.1
46.1
54.5
67.2
83.1
46.5
53.9
65.1
83.0
98.2
121
150
21.1
24.4
29.3
37.2
43.9
54.1
66.8
20.7
23.9
28.9
36.9
43.6
53.8
66.5
31.0
35.9
43.4
55.3
65.4
80.7
99.7
75 x 25 x
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
53.1
65.8
81.7
55.5
68.2
84.0
111
136
168
49.0
60.0
73.9
48.6
59.7
73.5
76.3
93.7
116
65 x 35 x
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
37.4
47.1
55.5
68.2
74.8
94.2
111
136
31.4
39.3
46.2
56.6
30.9
38.9
45.8
56.2
49.6
62.4
73.6
90.3
50 x 25 x
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
45.5
54.0
66.6
82.5
48.9
57.2
69.8
85.6
114
134
163
200
41.3
48.2
58.7
71.9
40.7
47.7
58.2
71.4
73.3
85.8
105
128
50 x 20 x
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
49.4
57.7
70.3
86.1
120
140
171
209
43.0
50.1
60.8
74.3
42.4
49.5
60.3
73.8
77.7
90.7
110
135
See page D1-7 for details of the cases of fire exposure considered.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-17
TABLE D1.3-1(B)

Standard Thickness
about y-axis

Designation
d b t
mm
mm
mm
Mass
per m
kg/m
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
35.8
42.1
51.6
67.0
79.7
98.8
15.2
17.8
21.7
28.1
33.4
41.3
14.9
17.6
21.5
27.9
33.2
41.2
20.9
24.6
30.1
39.1
46.5
57.6
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
35.8
42.1
51.6
67.0
79.7
98.8
16.7
19.6
23.9
30.9
36.7
45.5
16.4
19.3
23.7
30.7
36.5
45.3
22.4
26.3
32.3
41.9
49.8
61.7
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
81.0
24.9
29.1
35.4
39.9
45.5
53.9
66.6
82.5
41.6
48.5
58.9
66.4
75.8
89.8
111
138
17.0
19.7
23.9
26.9
30.6
36.2
44.7
55.3
16.6
19.4
23.6
26.6
30.3
35.9
44.4
55.0
24.9
29.1
35.4
39.9
45.5
53.9
66.6
82.5
75 x 50 x
6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
23.2
27.4
33.7
44.2
52.7
65.4
81.3
25.8
29.9
36.1
46.1
54.5
67.2
83.1
46.5
53.9
65.1
83.0
98.2
121
150
18.5
21.4
25.7
32.6
38.5
47.4
58.5
18.1
20.9
25.3
32.3
38.2
47.1
58.2
28.4
32.9
39.8
50.7
60.0
74.0
91.4
75 x 25 x
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
53.1
65.8
81.7
55.5
68.2
84.0
111
136
168
35.1
43.0
52.9
34.7
42.6
52.5
62.5
76.7
94.5
65 x 35 x
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
37.4
47.1
55.5
68.2
74.8
94.2
111
136
25.8
32.2
37.9
46.4
25.3
31.8
37.5
46.0
44.0
55.4
65.2
80.1
50 x 25 x
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
45.5
54.0
66.6
82.5
48.9
57.2
69.8
85.6
114
134
163
200
33.1
38.7
47.1
57.6
32.6
38.2
46.5
57.1
65.2
76.3
93.1
114
50 x 20 x
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
49.4
57.7
70.3
86.1
120
140
171
209
32.4
37.7
45.8
55.9
31.8
37.1
45.2
55.3
67.1
78.4
95.4
117
D1-18

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.3-2(A)

about x-axis

Designation
d
b t
Mass
per m
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
46.5
56.4
47.7
57.6
71.5
86.3
38.9
47.0
38.7
46.8
50.7
61.2
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
46.9
56.8
48.5
58.3
80.8
97.2
40.6
48.9
40.4
48.6
56.5
68.0
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
47.2
57.1
49.1
59.0
88.4
106
39.6
47.5
39.3
47.2
58.9
70.7
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
47.7
57.6
50.1
59.9
100
120
41.7
49.8
41.3
49.4
66.4
79.4
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
48.5
58.4
51.9
61.6
121
144
43.8
51.9
43.2
51.3
77.8
92.4
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
48.8
58.6
52.4
62.1
127
151
45.5
53.8
44.9
53.2
82.3
97.6
TABLE D1.3-2(B)

about y-axis

Designation
d
b
t
Mass
per m
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
46.5
56.4
47.7
57.6
71.5
86.3
33.0
39.8
32.8
39.6
44.7
54.0
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
46.9
56.8
48.5
58.3
80.8
97.2
32.6
39.1
32.3
38.9
48.5
58.3
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
47.2
57.1
49.1
59.0
88.4
106
34.7
41.6
34.4
41.3
54.0
64.8
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
47.7
57.6
50.1
59.9
100
120
34.2
40.8
33.8
40.4
58.9
70.4
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
48.5
58.4
51.9
61.6
121
144
35.1
41.6
34.6
41.1
69.1
82.1
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
48.8
58.6
52.4
62.1
127
151
34.3
40.5
33.7
39.9
71.1
84.3
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-19
TABLE D1.3-3

Standard Thickness
about x- and y-axis

Designation
d
b t
mm
mm
Mass
per m
mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0

5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
22.4
26.6
32.9
43.5
52.0
64.7
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
35.8
42.1
51.6
67.0
79.7
98.8
18.2
21.3
26.0
33.7
40.0
49.6
17.9
21.1
25.8
33.5
39.9
49.4
23.9
28.1
34.4
44.7
53.1
65.9
90 x 90 x 3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
43.6
52.1
64.8
80.8
44.9
53.4
66.1
82.0
69.9
83.1
103
128
33.9
40.3
49.8
61.7
33.7
40.0
49.6
61.5
46.2
54.9
67.9
84.3
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
22.5
26.7
37.6
24.3
28.5
39.3
37.9
44.5
61.4
18.5
21.6
29.7
18.2
21.3
29.5
25.0
29.3
40.5
75 x 75 x 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
22.8
27.0
33.3
37.9
43.9
52.4
65.1
24.9
29.1
35.4
39.9
45.5
53.9
66.6
41.6
48.5
58.9
66.4
75.8
89.8
111
19.1
22.2
26.8
30.2
34.3
40.7
50.2
18.7
21.8
26.5
29.9
34.1
40.4
50.0
27.0
31.5
38.3
43.2
49.2
58.4
72.2
65 x 65 x 6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
23.1
27.3
33.6
44.1
52.6
65.3
81.2
25.6
29.7
36.0
45.9
54.4
67.1
83.0
45.3
52.6
63.6
81.3
96.2
119
147
19.6
22.7
27.4
34.8
41.1
50.6
62.5
19.2
22.3
27.0
34.5
40.8
50.3
62.2
29.1
33.7
40.8
52.1
61.7
76.1
94.1
50 x 50 x 5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
27.9
34.2
44.7
53.1
65.8
81.7
31.3
37.4
47.1
55.5
68.2
84.0
62.6
74.8
94.2
111
136
168
24.0
28.6
35.7
42.0
51.5
63.4
23.5
28.1
35.3
41.6
51.1
63.0
39.1
46.8
58.9
69.4
85.2
105
40 x 40 x 4.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
34.9
45.3
53.7
66.4
82.3
39.1
48.4
56.8
69.4
85.2
88.0
109
128
156
192
30.0
36.8
43.1
52.5
64.4
29.3
36.3
42.6
52.0
63.9
53.8
66.6
78.1
95.4
117
35 x 35 x 3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
SHS
SHS
SHS
SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
45.8
54.2
66.8
82.7
49.4
57.7
70.3
86.1
120
140
171
209
37.7
43.9
53.3
65.1
37.1
43.3
52.7
64.6
72.4
84.5
103
126
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
67.4
83.3
71.5
87.3
191
233
54.3
66.1
53.7
65.5
113
138
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
55.7
68.3
84.1
61.0
73.3
89.0
183
220
267
46.6
55.8
67.5
45.7
55.0
66.7
107
128
156
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
85.4
91.7
321
69.8
68.8
183
D1-20

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.3-4

about x- and y-axis

Designation
d
b t
Mass
per m
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
46.5
56.4
47.7
57.6
71.5
86.3
36.0
43.4
35.8
43.2
47.7
57.6
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
46.9
56.8
48.5
58.3
80.8
97.2
36.6
44.0
36.4
43.7
52.5
63.2
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
57.0
58.8
104
44.4
44.1
66.7
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
47.7
57.6
50.1
59.9
100
120
38.0
45.3
37.6
44.9
62.6
74.9
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
48.3
58.1
51.4
61.2
116
138
39.1
46.4
38.6
45.9
70.7
84.1
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
48.8
58.6
52.4
62.1
127
151
39.9
47.1
39.3
46.6
76.7
90.9
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-21
TABLE D1.4-1
DuraGal TELESCOPING INFORMATION

RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS
Female (outer)
Nominal Clearance
Male (inner)
Female (outer)
Nominal Clearance
Male (inner)
d
mm
b
mm
t
mm
Top
mm
Side
mm
d
mm
b
mm
d
mm
b
mm
t
mm
Top
mm
Side
mm
d
mm
b
mm
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
75
75
75
25
25
25
2.5
2.0
1.6
20.0
21.0
21.8
0.0
1.0
1.8
50
50
50
20
20
20
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
23.0
25.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
29.4
30.0
30.4
31.0
31.8
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
9.4
10.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
65
65
65
65
65
65
35
35
35
35
35
35
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
7.0
9.0
9.4
10.0
10.4
11.0
2.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
50
50
50
50
50
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
50
50
50
50
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
NO SECTION AVAILABLE
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
13.0
15.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
21.8
13.0
15.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
21.8
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
50
50
50
50
20
20
20
20
20
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
NO SECTION AVAILABLE
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
13.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
6.8
13.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
9.4
10.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
50
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
25
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
* Non-Standard thickness
Note:
RHS is not a precision tube and all dimensions in this chart, although in
accordance with the specifications, may vary marginally. Varying corner radii
and the internal weld bead may need to be considered when a closer fit is
required. SIZES WITH A CLEARANCE LESS THAN 2.0 mm ARE SHOWN
BOLDER IN THE CHARTS. For tight fits it is recommended that some form of
testing is carried out prior to committing material. Where telescoping over some
length is required, additional allowance may be needed for straightness.
HOW TO USE THIS CHART

1. Select the size of Female (or outer) member closest to your requirements from the left hand column.
2. Depending on the application select the clearance required between the two members. Members may need to slide freely inside each other,
or be locked with a pin, spot welded or fixed with wedges. This means, in some cases, a 'sloppy' fit may be suitable, while for others the
tightest fit possible may be more appropriate.
3. Having selected the most suitable clearance for your application, take the appropriate size of the Male (inner) section from the right hand
column, eg.
Female Section
Clearance
(outer)
mm
Male Section
(inner)
75 x 50 x 3.0
4.0 x 9.0
65 x 35
Note that the clearance is total available difference between member dimensions, not the gap on both sides.
4. Where two telescoping sections are being used, thickness should be similar and will be determined by normal structural requirements. If a
third section is to be used consideration of both clearance and thickness within the size list available may be required.
5. RHS has the obvious advantage that its shape prevents rotation of the section.
6. Press Fit: for short pieces with no need for separation or sliding an interference fit can be achieved using the ductility of the steel. Sizes
where clearance is shown as 0.0 may occasionally require press fit.
D1-22

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D1.4-2
DuraGal TELESCOPING INFORMATION

SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS
Female (outer)
Nominal Clearance
Male (inner)
Female (outer)
Nominal Clearance
Male (inner)
b
mm
d
mm
b
mm
t
mm
Top
mm
Side
mm
d
mm
b
mm
d
mm
b
mm
t
mm
Top
mm
Side
mm
d
mm
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
19.4
20.0
20.4
21.0
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
0.0
2.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
6.8
0.0
2.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
6.8
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
13.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
13.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
75
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
75
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
4.0
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
2.0
4.0
4.4
0.0
0.4
1.0
1.8
2.0
4.0
4.4
0.0
0.4
1.0
1.8
30
30
30
35
35
35
35
30
30
30
35
35
35
35
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.6
9.0
10.0
11.0
11.8
9.0
10.0
11.0
11.8
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
89
89
89
89
89
89
6.0
5.0
3.5
1.9
3.9
6.9
1.9
3.9
6.9
75
75
75
75
75
75
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
4.0
4.4
0.0
0.4
1.0
1.8
4.0
4.4
0.0
0.4
1.0
1.8
25
25
30
30
30
30
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.8
1.0
1.8
25
25
25
25
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.8*
2.5
2.3*
2.0
13.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
13.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.4
6.0
50
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
50
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
25
25
25
25
25
25
2.5
2.0
1.6
0.0
1.0
1.8
0.0
1.0
1.8
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
1.6
1.8
1.8
15
15
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.3*
2.0
1.6
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
10.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
10.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
* Non-Standard thickness
Note:
RHS is not a precision tube and all dimensions in this chart, although in
accordance with the specifications, may vary marginally. Varying corner radii
and the internal weld bead may need to be considered when a closer fit is
required. SIZES WITH A CLEARANCE LESS THAN 2.0 mm ARE SHOWN
BOLDER IN THE CHARTS. For tight fits it is recommended that some form of
testing is carried out prior to committing material. Where telescoping over some
length is required, additional allowance may be needed for straightness.
HOW TO USE THIS CHART

1. Select the size of Female (or outer) member closest to your requirements from the left hand column.
2. Depending on the application select the clearance required between the two members. Members may need to slide freely inside each other,
or be locked with a pin, spot welded or fixed with wedges. This means, in some cases, a 'sloppy' fit may be suitable, while for others the
tightest fit possible may be more appropriate.
3. Having selected the most suitable clearance for your application, take the appropriate size of the Male (inner) section from the right hand
column, eg.
Female Section
Clearance
(outer)
mm
Male Section
(inner)
75 x 75 x 3.0
4.0 x 4.0
65 x 65
Note that the clearance is total available difference between member dimensions, not the gap on both sides.
4. Where two telescoping sections are being used, thickness should be similar and will be determined by normal structural requirements. If a
third section is to be used consideration of both clearance and thickness within the size list available may be required.
5. RHS has the obvious advantage that its shape prevents rotation of the section.
6. Press Fit: for short pieces with no need for separation or sliding an interference fit can be achieved using the ductility of the steel. Sizes
where clearance is shown as 0.0 may occasionally require press fit.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D1-23
[ BLANK ]
D1-24

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF
DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS
2
PAGE
D2.1
METHODS OF ANALYSIS............................................................................................ D2-2
D2.2
SECOND-ORDER EFFECTS ....................................................................................... D2-2
D2.3
USE OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... D2-2
D2.4
USE OF ANALYSIS METHODS ................................................................................... D2-3
D2.4.1
First-Order Elastic Analysis ........................................................................................... D2-3
D2.4.2
First-Order Elastic Analysis with Moment Amplification ................................................. D2-4
D2.4.3
Second-Order Elastic Analysis in Accordance with Appendix E of AS 4100 ................ D2-4
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D2-1
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF DESIGN

ACTION EFFECTS
D2.1
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The methods of structural analysis that are recognised in AS 4100 and most likely to be used for structural
hollow sections are:
a) First-order elastic analysis
b) First-order elastic analysis with moment amplification (Clause 4.4.2 of AS 4100)
c) Second-order elastic analysis in accordance with Appendix E of AS 4100
Plastic analysis is currently not permitted by AS 4100 for structural steel hollow sections, although research
[1]
has already been performed to establish the suitability of square and rectangular hollow sections.
D2.2
SECOND-ORDER EFFECTS
When combined bending and axial compression forces are present in members, SECOND-ORDER
EFFECTS must be considered. Second-order bending moments are often classified as P which arise
from the relative end displacements (), or as P which arise from the member deflecting () from a
straight line joining the members ends (Figure D2.2). In braced frames the relative member end
displacements () are small, and consideration is only given to the P effects. In sway frames the P
effects are often more significant than the Pd effects.
D2.3
USE OF TABLES
The tabulated values in PARTS 4, 5 and 6 may be used for design in those cases where second-order
effects:
can be neglected
are accounted for using moment amplification factors in conjunction with a first-order elastic
analysis
are accounted for in a second-order elastic analysis
______________________
[1]
Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, School of Civil and Mining Engineering, The University of Sydney,
Plastic Design of Cold-Formed RHS, CIDECT Project 2S-5-98, Final Report.
D2-2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Figure D2.2: First-order Analysis and Second-order Behaviour
D2.4
USE OF ANALYSIS METHODS
D2.4.1 First-order Elastic Analysis

This method can be used to analyse members which do not have second-order effects. They are members
with:
bending moments only
axial tension force only
combined bending moments and tension force
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D2-3
D2.4.2 First-order Elastic Analysis with Moment Amplification

This method can be used to analyse members with combined bending and axial compression and when
the moment amplification factors b or s (see Clauses 4.4.2.2 and 4.4.2.3 of AS 4100) are less than 1.4
(i.e. when second-order effects are less than 40%). The maximum moment in the member M*m as
determined by the first-order elastic analysis, is multiplied by the moment amplification factor b or s.
See PART 7, Figures D7.3(1) and D7.3(2) for the determination of b and s respectively.
D2.4.3 Second-order Elastic Analysis in Accordance with Appendix

E of AS 4100
This method can be used to analyse members with combined bending and axial compression and must
be used when the moment amplification factors b or s are greater than 1.4 (i.e. when second-order
effects are greater than 40%).
A suitable computer analysis program is normally used due to the iterative nature of this analysis.
D2-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PART 3 SECTION CAPACITIES
3
PAGE
D3.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... D3-2
D3.2
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ D3-2
D3.2.1
Design Section Capacity for Axial Tension .................................................................... D3-2
D3.2.2
Design Section Capacity for Axial Compression ........................................................... D3-2
D3.2.3
Design Moment Section Capacity .................................................................................. D3-3
D3.2.4
Design Shear Capacity of a Web ................................................................................... D3-3
D3.2.5
Design Torsional Moment Section Capacity ................................................................... D3-4
D3.2.5.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... D3-4
D3.2.5.2
Method ............................................................................................................................ D3-4
TABLES
Design Section Capacities (Nt, Ns, Ms, Vv, Mz) ................................................... D3-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D3-1
PART 3 SECTION CAPACITIES

D3.1
SCOPE
The following tables give values of design section capacities for axial tension (Nt), axial compression
(Ns), moment (Ms), shear (Vv) and torsional moment (Mz).
D3.2
METHOD
The determination of each of the design section capacities (Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4) is detailed in Sections
D3.2.1 to D3.2.5. PART 3 of the Tables contains design section capacities whilst PART 4 to PART 6
contain design member capacities. Section capacities give the maximum capacity of a section subjected
to design action effects. Member capacities are determined by reducing the section capacities by factors
accounting for restraints and loading conditions.
D3.2.1 Design Section Capacity for Axial Tension

The design section capacity for axial tension (Nt) is determined from Clauses 7.1 and 7.2 of AS 4100 as
the lesser of:
Nt = Ag fy
and
where
Ag
fy
Kt
An
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
fu =
Nt = 0.85 Kt An fu
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

gross cross-sectional area
1.0
net section area
Ag
gross cross-sectional area (assuming full perimeter welded connections with no
penetrations or holes)
tensile strength used in design
D3.2.2 Design Section Capacity for Axial Compression

The design section capacity for axial compression (Ns) is determined from Clauses 6.1 and 6.2 of AS
4100 as:
Ns = kf An fy
where
=
kf =
An =
=
=
fy =
D3-2
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

Ae / Ag (see section D1.2.3.3 and Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
net section area
Ag
gross cross-sectional area (assuming no penetrations or holes)

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D3.2.3 Design Moment Section Capacity

The design moment section capacity (Ms) is determined from Clauses 5.1 and 5.2.1 of AS 4100 as:
Ms = fy Ze
where
=
fy =
Ze =
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

effective section modulus (see Section D1.2.3.2 and Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4).
Values of the design section moment capacity (Ms) can be found in the tables for members bent about
either principal x- or y-axis. It should be noted that the design member capacity in the minor principal
y-axis is the design section capacity (Ms). For members which are fully restrained against flexural
buckling the design member moment capacity equals the full section moment capacity (Ms).
D3.2.4 Design Shear Capacity of a Web

The design shear capacity of a web (Vv) is determined from Clauses 5.11.3 and 5.11.4 of AS 4100, for
RHS and SHS and as the lesser of:Vv = 0.6 fy (d - 2t) 2t
Vv =
and
fy
d
t
Vu
f *va
f *vm
where
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2Vu
f
0.9 + vm
f va
(Clause 5.11.4 of AS 4100)
(Clause 5.11.3 of AS 4100)
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

full depth
0.6 fy (d-2t) 2t
average design shear stress in the web
maximum design shear stress in the web
The ratio of maximum to average design shear stress in the web (f *vm /f *va) for bending about the x-axis
is calculated [1] using:
b
b
f *vm 3 2b + d
=
f * va 2 3b + d
where
d =
b =
g
g
full depth of section

full width of section
Note: for bending about the y-axis, b and d are interchanged in the calculation of the maximum to average
design web shear stress ratio. Non-uniform shear stress governs when d / b > 0.75.
For calculating the web area, the web depth has been taken as the clear depth between flanges (d1) for
RHS and SHS.
[1]
Bridge, R.Q., Trahair, N.S., Thin Walls Beams, Steel Construction, AISC, Vol. 15, No.1, 1981.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D3-3
D3.2.5 Design Torsional Moment Section Capacity

The design torsional moment section capacity (Mz ) is determined in accordance with Sections D3.2.5.1
and D3.2.5.2.
D 3.2.5.1 Introduction
Although AS 4100 makes no provision for the design of members subject to torsion it is nevertheless
considered appropriate to supply torsional capabilities for hollow sections in the tables. Hollow sections
perform particularly well in torsion and their behaviour under torsional loading is readily analysed by simple
procedures. An explanation of torsional effects is provided in the references listed in Section D3.2.5.2.
The general theory of torsion established by Saint-Venant is based on uniform torsion. The theory assumes
that all cross-sections rotate as a body around the centre of torsion.
When the torsional moment that is applied is non-uniform, such as when the torsional load is applied
midspan between rigid supports or when the free warping of the sections is restricted, then the torsional
load is shared between uniform and non-uniform torsion or warping. However in the case of hollow sections
the contribution of non-uniform torsion is negligible and sections can be treated as subject to uniform
torsion without any significant loss of precision.
D 3.2.5.2 Method
For hollow sections, torsional actions can be considered using the following formulae:
M *z < Mz
M *z = 0.6 fy C
M *z = design torsional moment
= 0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
M z = design torsional moment section capacity
fy = yield stress used in design
C = torsional section modulus
Note: The angle of twist per unit length (radians) can be determined using the following formula:
where
=
where
M z
GJ
M *z = design torsional moment for serviceability limit state

G = 80 x 103 MPa
J = torsional section constant
The method for determining the torsion sections constants C and J is detailed in Section D1.2.1.1.
Suggested references for design for torsion:

[1]
AS 4100 Supplement 1-1990: Steel Structures Commentary (Supplementary to AS 4100-1990), Standards

Australia, Section C8.5.
[2]
Trahair, N.S.,Bradford, M.A., The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures, 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall,
London, 1998.
D3-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
[ BLANK ]
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D3-5
TABLE D3.1-1
DESIGN SECTION CAPACITIES

Standard Thickness
about x- and y-axis
Designation
Mass
Axial
Axial
per m
Tension
Compression
x-axis
y-axis
x-axis
Nt
Ns
Msx
Msy
Vvx
Bending
Shear
Torsion
y-axis
Vvy
Mz
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN
kNm
kNm
kN
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
816
694
567
436
367
296
F
F
F
F
F
F
864
735
526
329
246
173
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
16.4
12.9
9.19
5.89
4.40
3.10
374
316
257
195
164
92.5
N
N
N
N
N
B
111
97.2
81.6
64.2
54.7
44.7
U
U
U
U
U
U
15.6
13.8
11.7
9.30
7.97
6.55
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
816
694
567
436
367
296
F
F
F
F
F
F
864
735
600
390
296
196
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
23.9
20.5
15.1
9.80
7.39
5.27
317
269
219
167
140
113
N
N
N
N
N
N
184
158
130
101
85.1
69.0
U
U
U
U
U
U
21.0
18.3
15.3
12.0
10.2
8.36
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
586
503
414
367
322
271
219
177
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
11.2
9.88
8.23
6.92
5.63
4.22
2.97
2.10
244
208
170
151
131
110
88.9
71.7
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
111
97.2
81.6
73.1
64.2
54.7
44.7
36.4
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
9.94
8.87
7.58
6.85
6.08
5.22
4.31
3.53
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
471
407
337
264
223
181
147
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
499
431
357
280
236
173
124
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
8.56
7.61
6.47
5.17
4.03
2.86
2.03
178
153
126
97.4
82.3
66.8
54.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
111
97.2
81.6
64.2
54.7
44.7
36.4
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
7.11
6.41
5.52
4.47
3.85
3.19
2.62
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
176
143
116
F
F
F
186
133
91.6
4.07
3.36
2.76
1.64
1.17
0.816
79.1 N
64.2 N
51.9 N
24.3
20.4
17.0
U
U
U
1.73
1.47
1.23
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
261
207
176
143
F
F
F
F
276
219
186
149
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
3.48
2.88
2.41
1.77
106
82.3
69.7
56.7
N
N
N
N
52.5
42.3
36.5
30.1
U
U
U
U
3.05
2.54
2.21
1.85
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
149
128
105
85.4
F
F
F
F
158
135
111
90.4
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
1.44
1.26
1.05
0.777
61.1
52.1
42.6
34.7
N
N
N
N
27.7
24.3
20.4
17.0
U
U
U
U
1.26
1.12
0.952
0.800
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
138
118
97.0
79.2
F
F
F
F
146
125
103
83.9
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
1.06
0.938
0.783
0.582
60.3
51.4
42.0
34.2
N
N
N
N
20.4
18.2
15.6
13.1
U
U
U
U
0.942
0.847
0.730
0.619
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D3-6
Nt
Nt
Ns
Ms
Mz
U
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
kN
kNm
0.9
A g fy
indicated by suffix Y (Clause 7.2 of AS 4100)
0.85 Ag fu indicated by suffix F (Clause 7.2 of AS 4100)
kf Ag fy
(Clause 6.2.1 of AS 4100)
f y Ze
0.6 fy C
(See Section D3.2.5)
approximately uniform shear stress distribution. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.4 of AS 4100.
Vv = Vu = Vw = 0.6 fy Aw
non-uniform shear stress distribution. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.3 of AS 4100.
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm / f *va)) Vu
shear bulckling failure mode. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.5 of AS 4100.
Vv = Vb = vVw Vw

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D3.1-2

Standard Thickness
Designation
Mass
Axial
Axial
per m
Tension
Compression
Bending
Shear
Torsion
Nt
Ns
Ms
Vv
Mz
kg/m
kN
kN
kNm
kN
kNm
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
816
694
567
436
367
296
F
F
F
F
F
F
864
735
600
440
305
196
29.8
25.7
21.0
13.9
10.6
7.63
253
216
177
135
114
92.2
N
N
N
N
N
N
22.7
19.8
16.5
12.9
11.0
8.97
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
390
329
265
214
F
F
F
F
413
305
196
125
11.9
9.03
6.48
4.70
121
102
82.6
66.7
N
N
N
N
10.3
8.80
7.20
5.87
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
714
609
441
F
F
F
756
645
467
22.9
19.9
14.5
221
189
138
N
N
N
17.4
15.2
11.4
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
586
503
414
367
322
271
219
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
621
532
438
388
341
287
196
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
4.91
181
156
129
114
99.4
84.0
68.2
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
11.7
10.4
8.78
7.90
6.98
5.98
4.91
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
494
426
352
276
233
189
153
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
523
451
373
292
247
196
125
11.1
9.85
8.34
6.71
5.54
3.97
2.84
153
132
109
85.0
72.0
58.6
47.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
8.31
7.43
6.36
5.11
4.40
3.63
2.98
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
311
261
207
176
143
116
F
F
F
F
F
F
330
276
219
186
151
123
5.33
4.61
3.80
3.27
2.66
1.92
96.0
80.6
63.4
54.0
44.2
35.9
N
N
N
N
N
N
3.95
3.47
2.86
2.48
2.07
1.71
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
199
161
137
112
91.5
F
F
F
F
F
211
170
145
119
96.9
2.73
2.32
2.01
1.67
1.36
61.4
49.0
42.0
34.6
28.3
N
N
N
N
N
2.02
1.72
1.51
1.27
1.06
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
138
118
97.0
79.2
F
F
F
F
146
125
103
83.9
1.71
1.50
1.25
1.04
41.8
36.0
29.8
24.4
N
N
N
N
1.26
1.11
0.945
0.792
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
81.7
67.0
F
F
86.5
70.9
0.893
0.746
25.0
20.6
N
N
0.667
0.564
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
79.9
66.4
54.8
F
F
F
84.6
70.3
58.0
0.694
0.594
0.500
24.0
20.2
16.7
N
N
N
0.503
0.438
0.375
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
42.5
45.0
0.304
12.9
0.224
d
mm
mm mm
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Nt
Nt
Ns
Ms
Mz
U
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
A g fy
kf Ag fy
f y Ze
0.6 fy C
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm / f *va)) Vu

D3-7
TABLE D3.1-3

about x- and y-axis
Designation
Mass
Axial
Axial
per m
Tension
Compression
x-axis
y-axis
x-axis
Nt
Ns
Msx
Msy
Vvx
mm mm mm
Bending
Shear
Torsion
y-axis
Vvy
Mz
kg/m
kN
kN
kNm
kNm
kN
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
409
339
F
F
351
259
16.9
12.3
8.80
6.50
156
129
N
N
94.4
78.7
U
U
11.3
9.50
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
302
251
F
F
295
215
10.2
8.52
5.05
3.70
122
102
N
N
60.4
50.7
U
U
5.74
4.86
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
248
207
F
F
263
215
6.52
5.49
4.71
3.56
91.4
76.2
N
N
60.4
50.7
U
U
4.23
3.59
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
194
163
F
F
206
172
4.21
3.57
2.72
2.16
77.3
64.6
N
N
40.0
34.0
U
U
2.41
2.07
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
141
119
F
F
149
126
2.26
1.94
1.37
1.18
57.5
48.3
N
N
26.4
22.8
U
U
1.21
1.05
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
130
110
F
F
138
116
1.99
1.71
1.02
0.882
56.8
47.7
N
N
19.6
17.2
U
U
0.907
0.803
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nt
Nt
Ns
Ms
Mz
U
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
kN
kNm
0.9
A g fy
kf Ag fy
f y Ze
0.6 fy C
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm / f *va)) Vu
TABLE D3.1-2

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
mm
Mass
Axial
Axial
per m
Tension
Compression
Nt
mm mm
Bending
Shear
Torsion
Ns
Ms
Vv
M z
kg/m
kN
kN
kNm
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
409
339
F
F
383
259
12.5
9.35
127
105
kNm
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
302
251
F
F
319
259
8.16
6.07
93.3
77.7
N
N
6.59
5.56
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
215
228
4.91
66.7
4.10
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
194
163
F
F
206
172
3.59
3.05
59.7
50.1
N
N
2.71
2.32
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
152
127
F
F
161
135
2.20
1.88
46.2
39.1
N
N
1.64
1.42
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
130
110
F
F
138
116
1.63
1.40
39.5
33.6
N
N
1.20
1.05
N
N
12.2
10.2
Notes : Refer to TABLE D3.1-3
D3-8

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PART 4 MEMBERS SUBECT TO

BENDING
4
PAGE
D4.1
DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY FOR MEMBERS WITHOUT FULL LATERAL

RESTRAINT .................................................................................................................. D4-2
D4.1.1
Scope ............................................................................................................................. D4-2
D4.1.2
Method ............................................................................................................................ D4-2
D4.1.3
Segment Length for Full Lateral Restraint ...................................................................... D4-3
D4.1.4
Effective Length .............................................................................................................. D4-3
D4.1.5
Other Loading and Restraint Conditions ......................................................................... D4-4
D4.1.6
Examples ........................................................................................................................ D4-6
D4.2
DESIGN SHEAR CAPACITY ......................................................................................... D4.8
D4.2.1
Scope ............................................................................................................................. D4-8
D4.2.2
Method ............................................................................................................................ D4-8
D4.2.3
Interaction of Shearing and Bending ............................................................................... D4-8
D4.2.4
Examples ........................................................................................................................ D4-8
D4.3
DESIGN WEB BEARING CAPACITY ......................................................................... D4-10
D4.3.1
Scope ........................................................................................................................... D4-10
D4.3.2
Method .......................................................................................................................... D4-10
D4.3.3
Example ........................................................................................................................ D4-12
D4.4
BENDING AND BEARING INTERACTION ................................................................ D4-13
D4.4.1
Method .......................................................................................................................... D4-13
D4.4.2
Example ........................................................................................................................ D4-14
D4.5
CALCULATION OF BEAM DEFLECTIONS ............................................................... D4-15
TABLES
Design Moment Capacities for Members Without Full Lateral Restraint (Mb) ............ D4-16
Design Web Capacities of Beams (Rbb/bb, Rby/bb, Vv) .......................................... D4-19

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-1
D4.1
DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY FOR MEMBERS

WITHOUT FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
D4.1.1 Scope
These tables for RHS bending about the x-axis, without full lateral restraint, have been prepared in
accordance with Section 5 of AS 4100 and [1]. Values of design moment capacity (Mb) are given for
various values of effective length (Le).
SHS are not included in these tables as they are not susceptible to lateral buckling. The design
member moment capacity (Mb) always equals the design section moment capacity (Ms), as given in
Tables D3.1-2 to D3.1-4 for SHS, except for the extreme case when the load acts far above the shear
centre (Clause C5.6.1.4 of the Commentary to AS 4100).
D4.1.2 Method
The values of design moment capacity (Mb) are determined in accordance with AS 4100 and [1] as:
Mb = m sh Ms
where
m =
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

1.0 (Table 5.6.1 of AS 4100 corresponding to the case of uniform moment over the
effective length (Le))
for Le FLR
sh =
(FLR = maximum segment length for full lateral restraint as determined in Section
D4.1.3)
1.0
for Le > FLR
RSL dM
TMN
OP
Q
+ 2.7 Mpx / M yz
UV
W
sh =
0.7
M px =
Myz =
Msx
Moa - amended elastic buckling moment for a member subject to bending
px
/ M yz
Mo - reference buckling moment
from
[1]
(Clause 5.6.1.1(a)(iv) of AS 4100)
F El I GJ
GH L JK (Equation 5.6.1.1(3) of AS 4100)
2
[1]
200 x 103 MPa
ly =
second moment of area about the minor principal y-axis (Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
80 X 103 MPa
torsional section constant
Le =
effective length
Ms =
fy Ze
(see Section D1.2.1.1 and Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
(see Section D4.1.3)
(see Section D3.2.3 and Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4
fy =
Ze =
(see Section D1.2.3.2 and Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
Centre For Advanced Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Inelastic Buckling
Strength of RHSs, Investigation Report S941, May 1993.
D4-2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D4.1.3 Segment Length for Full Lateral Restraint

FLR is the length of a member between braces for which:
Mbx = Msx
OneSteel Pipe & Tube commissioned the Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering,
The University of Sydney, to undertake an analytical study of the lateral buckling of Rectangular Hollow
Sections (RHS). The study was conducted although RHS sections rarely buckle laterally, yet AS 4100-1990
Steel Structures, incorporating Amendment 2, in clauses 5.3.2.4 and 5.6.1.4 required reductions to be
made below the section capacity to account for lateral buckling in RHS members with comparatively
closely spaced braces. The results of the study are contained in [1] which recommends the following
method for calculating the FLR values for RHS members loaded through their shear centre.
FLR =
FM I
GH M JK
yz
where
Msx =
2 El yGJ
sx
FLR
2
M sx
nominal section moment capacity about major principal x-axis
(Msx/Myz)FLR =
see Table D4.1.5(1)
E =
Youngs modulus of elasticity, 200 x 103 MPa
Iy =
second moment of area about the cross-section minor principal y-axis
shear modulus of elasticity, 80 x 103 MPa
The FLR values listed in Tables D4.1-1(1) to D4.1-1(2) and Tables D8.1-1(1)(A) to D8.4-4(A) have been
calculated using the above approach.
D4.1.4 Effective Length

Before using these tables it is necessary to determine the effective length (Le), which depends on the
restraint against twisting and lateral rotation, and the load height. Le is determined in accordance with
Clause 5.6.3 of AS 4100 and given by:
Le = kt kl kr L
where k t =
kl =
twist restraint factor

load height factor
(Table D4.1.4(1))
(Table D4.1.4(2))
kr =
lateral rotation restraint factor
(Table D4.1.4(3))
L =
length of segment
Table D4.1.4(1): Twist Restraint Factors (kt)
Restraint Arrangement
Factor, (kt)
FF,FL,LL,FU
FP,PL,PU
1.0
LMF d I F t
MNGH L JK GH 2t
1+
1
IJ
K
f
w
OP
PQ
IJ
K
nw
PP
LM F d I F t
MN2GH L JK GH 2t
1+
1
f
w
OP
PQ
nw
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-3
Table D4.1.4(2): Load Height Factors (kl) for Gravity Loads
Longitudinal load
position
Restraint
arrangement
Load height position

Shear
Top Flange
Within segment
FF, FP, FL, PP, PL, LL

FU, PU
1.0
1.0
1.4
2.0
At segment end

FU, PU
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
Table D4.1.4(3): Lateral Rotation Restraint Factors(kr)

Restraint
arrangement
Ends with lateral

rotation restraints
Factor (kr)
Any
None
One
Both
1.0
1.0
0.85
0.70
FU, PU
FF, FP, PP
FF, FP, PP
where
d1 = clear depth between flanges ignoring fillets or welds

nw = number of webs
=thickness of critical flange
tf
=thickness of web
tw
F
fully restrained
L
laterally restrained
P
partially restrained
U
unrestrained
and two of the symbols F, L, P, U are used to indicate the conditions at the ends of the segment. Restraint
requirements are detailed in Clause 5.4.3 of AS 4100.
D4.1.5 Other Loading and Restraint Conditions

The design moment capacities presented in these tables can be used for other restraints and loading
conditions. For these situations the effective length (Le) corresponding to the relevant conditions must be
assessed and the relevant value of m determined in accordance with Clause 5.6.1.1(a) of AS 4100 and
[1]
. The design moment capacity (Mb) can then be determined as the lesser of:
Msx = Ze fy
Mbx = m sh Ze fy
and
where
Msx
M bx
m
=
=
=
=
sh =
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

the design section moment capacity (Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4)
m times the value of (Mb = s Ze fy) given in Tables D4.1-1 to D4.1-2
moment modification factor
1
sh
slenderness reduction factor
(see Section D4.1.2)
It should be noted that:

m 1.0 for SHS as they are not susceptible to lateral buckling and sh = 1.0
generally m 1.0 for RHS, as these sections (with the exception of 150 x 50 and 75 x 25) are only
susceptible to lateral buckling at larger spans (ie. sh < 1.0).
D4-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Table D4.1.5(1) Values of (Msx/Myz)FLR
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-5
D4.1.6 Examples
1.
A simply supported beam shown below has two concentrated loads applied in such a way that full
restraint is provided at the location of the loads. The calculated design load at each point is 9 kN.
What size beam is required to support these loads?
Bending Moment Diagram

Design Data:
Design bending moment
M * = 18 kNm
Solution:
For beam segment 2:
End restraint condition = FF
(fully restrained at both ends of the segment)
Twist restraint factor
k t = 1.0
(Table D4.1.4(1))
Load Height Factor
k I = 1.0
(Table D4.1.4(2))
(For loading at segment end and top flange loading)

Lateral rotation restraint factor
kr = 0.7
Effective length
Le = kt kI kr L
(Table D4.1.4(3))
= 1.0 x 1.0 x 0.7 x 4.0

= 2.8 m
D4-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
A rectangular hollow section is the most efficient and most practical hollow section for this application. As
a uniform bending moment is applied to segment 2, m = 1.0 (Table 5.6.1 of AS 4100). Thus alternatives
can be read directly from Table D4.1-1(1) for a uniform bending moment of 18 kNm on segment 2 with an
effective length (Le = 2.8 m). They are:
150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 (8.96 kg/m) Mb = 20.8 kNm > M * (Table D4.1-1)(1)
125 x 75 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 (8.96 kg/m) Mb = 18.8 kNm > M * (Table D4.1-1)(1)
As both sections have the same mass select the stronger 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0
(8.96 kg/m). The extra depth will provide increased stiffness which may be important.
Additional design checks which should be performed are:
Additional design bending moment due to self-weight

Shear
(Section D4.2)
Interaction of Shear and Bending
(Section D4.2.3)
Bearing
(Section D4.3)
Bearing and Bending Interaction
(Section D4.4)
Deflection
(Section D4.5)
Beam segments 1 and 3 do not have to be checked because they have the same design bending moment
and end restraints with a shorter effective length.
2.
A free standing sign post which is securely concreted into the ground is required to resist a calculated
horizontal design force of 0.8 kN at a height of 3 m. What size SHS is required?
Bending Moment Diagram

Design Data:
M * = 2.4 kNm
Solution:
The appropriate size of SHS may be selected from the section capacity tables in PART 3.The alternatives are:
40 x 40 x 4.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 (4.09 kg/m) Ms = 2.73 kNm > M *
50 x 50 x 2.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 (2.93 kg/m) Ms = 2.66 kNm > M *
(Table D3.1-2)
(Table D3.1-2)
Based on mass select 50 x 50 x 2.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 (2.93 kg/m).
Additional design checks which should be performed are:
Shear
Deflection
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
(Section D4.2)
(Section D4.2.3)
(Section D4.5) if it is critical for this type of application

D4-7
D4.2
DESIGN SHEAR CAPACITY
D4.2.1 Scope
The section capacity tables (Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4) include values of design web shear capacity for
bending about the x- and y-axis.
D4.2.2 Method
The design shear capacity of a web (Vv) is determined from the lesser of Clauses 5.11.3 and 5.11.4 of
AS 4100 for RHS and SHS as described in Section D3.2.4.
D4.2.3 Interaction of Shear and Bending

The design web shear capacity determined in Section D4.2.2 of the Tables may be significantly reduced
when the section is subject to a large bending moment at the same location. The reduced shear capacity
(Vvm) is determined in accordance with Clause 5.12.3 of AS 4100 as follows:
Vvm =
or
V v
for
M * 0.75 Ms
16
. M
Vv 2.2
M s
for
0.75 Ms M * Ms
where V v
design web shear capacity
M*
design moment capacity
Ms
design section moment capacity
(Section D4.2.2)
(Section D3.2.3)
Note: If V * < 0.6 Vv or if M * < 0.75 Ms then no check on the interaction of shear and bending is
necessary.
D4.2.4
1.
Examples
Check the shear capacity of the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 beam in Example 1
from Section D4.1.6.
Design Data:
Design shear force
V * = 9 kN
Solution:
Design shear capacity of the section
Vvx = 195 kN (Table D3.1-1)
>V*
Therefore the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 is satisfactory.
D4-8

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
Check the shear capacity of the 50 x 50 x 2.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 beam in Example 2
from Section D4.1.6.
Design Data:
Design shear force
V * = 0.8 kN
Solution:
Design shear capacity of the section
V v
=
>
44.2 kN
V*
(Table D3.1-2)
Therefore the 50 x 50 x 2.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 is satisfactory.
3.
Check the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 beam in Example 1 from Section D4.1.6 for
the interaction of shear and bending.
Design Data:
V* =
Design shear force

Design shear capacity
Design member moment capacity
9 kN
V vx =
195 kN
M* =
18 kNm
Msx =
(Table D3.1-1)
20.8 kNm
(Table D3.1-1)
Solution:
0.75 Msx =
then M * >
therefore Vvm =
0.75 x 20.8 = 15.6 kNm

0.75 Msx
16
. M
Vv 2.2
M sx
LM
N
195 2.2
159 kN
therefore V * =
FG 16. x18 IJ OP
H 20.8 K Q
9 kN < Vvm =159 kN
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-9
D4.3
DESIGN WEB BEARING CAPACITY
D4.3.1 Scope
The tables give values of design web bearing capacity per unit length (Rby/bb) and the design web
bearing buckling per unit length (Rbb/bb) for SHS and RHS for
- interior bearing, and
- end bearing.
D4.3.2 Method
The design web bearing capacity (Rb) has been determined from Clause 5.13 of AS 4100, and taken as
the lesser of:
Rby = 2 p bb t fy
and
Rbb = 2 c bb t fy
where
0.9
(Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
R bb =
design web bearing buckling capacity
(Clause 5.13.4 of AS 4100)
R by =
design web bearing yield capacity
(Clause 5.13.3 of AS 4100)
t =
fy =
Interior bearing for bd > 1.5d5

bb =
bs + 5rext + d5
bs =
actual length of bearing
(see Figure D4.3.2(b))
d5 =
flat width of web
(see Figure D4.3.2(a))
rext =
outside corner radius
p =
0.5
k
0.25
2
2
1 + 1 pm
1 + s 1 pm
ky
ks
k v2
LM
MN d
pm =
1 0.5
+
ks k v
ks =
2rext
1
t
kv =
d5
t
c =
D4-10
iFGH
I OP
JK PQ
member slenderness reduction factor determined in accordance with Section D5.3 of

these Tables using kf = 1.0 and b = 0.5, and modified slenderness ratio (Le/r = 3.5 d5/t)

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
End bearing for bd < 1.5d5

bb
bs + 2.5rext +
2 + k s2 k s
d5
2
member slenderness reduction factor determined in accordance with Section

D5.3 of these Tables using kf = 1.0 and b = 0.5, and modified slenderness ratio
(Le/r = 3.8 d5/t)
Figure D4.3.2: Dispersions of Force Through Flange, Radius and Web
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-11
D4.3.3 Example
1.
The design concentrated force of 9 kN on the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 beam in
Example 1 of Section D4.1.6 is applied over the full width of the RHS and for a length of 50 mm
along the RHS. Check the bearing capacity of the beam.
Design Data:
Design bearing force
R* =
Stiff bearing length
9 kN
bs =
5rext =
bbw =
50 mm
30.0 mm
69.0 mm
bbf =
bs + 5rext
=
=
50 + 30.0
80 mm
bb =
bbf + 2bbw
(Table D4.3-1(A))
(Table D4.3-1(A))
Solution:
Bearing length at the edge of the corner radius
Bearing length at the centre of the web
80 + (2 x 69.0)
218 mm
The web bearing capacity (Rb) is the lesser of Rby and Rbb From Table D4.3-1(A):
Rby
Design web yield capacity
bb
Rbb
bb
Design web buckling capacity
0.785 kN/mm
0.357 kN/mm
Rby
bb
>
Rbb
bb
Therefore web buckling will govern.

Design web bearing capacity Rb
R bb
0.357 x 218
77.8 kN (> R*)
D4-12

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D4.4
BENDING AND BEARING INTERACTION
D4.4.1 Method
The design web bearing capacity determined in Section D4.3 of the Tables may be significantly reduced
when the section is subject to a large bending moment at the same location. The effect of this interaction
of bending and bearing force in hollow sections is not addressed by AS 4100, but suitable interaction
equations have been developed from research. [1],[2]
The bending and bearing interaction is dependent on the ratio of bearing length to the width of bearing
bs/b and the web slenderness (d1/t). The interaction equation for bs/b > 1.0 and (d1/t) < 30 is:
FG R * IJ + FG M * IJ 15.
H R K H M K
12
.
or
0.8
FG R * IJ + FG M * IJ 10.
H R K H M K
b
where bs =
b =
(d1/t) =
d1 =
t =
R* =
stiff bearing length
Otherwise
(see Figure D4.3.2)
width of section
web slenderness
clear depth between flanges
maximum design bearing force
0.9
R b =
design web bearing capacity
M* =
maximum design bending moment
Ms =
design section moment capacity
Note: these formulae only apply to bearing across the full width of section.
Design aids have not been produced for this interaction because of the numerous bearing lengths which
may occur for each section size.
[1]
Zhao, X.L., Hancock, G.J., Square and Rectangular Hollow Sections Subject to Combined Actions, Journal
of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol 118, No. 3, pp 648-668, 1992.
[2]
Zhao, X.L., Hancock, G.J., Design Formulae for Web Crippling of Rectangular Hollow Sections, Proceedings,
Third Pacific Structural Steel Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 1992.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D4-13
D4.4.2 Example
1.
Considering further Example 1 of Section D4.1.6 and Example 1 of Section D4.3.3 the interaction of
bending and bearing is checked for the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 beam.
Design Data:
R* =
Design bearing force

Design web bearing capacity
Design section moment capacity
Stiff bearing length
Web slenderness
9 kN
(Section D4.1.6)
R b =
77.8 kN
(Section D4.3.3)
M* =
18 kNm
(Section D4.1.6)
20.8 kNm
(Table D3.1-1)
50 mm
(Section D4.3.3)
48
(Table D1.2-1 (1))
Ms =
bs =
d1/t =
Solution:
bs
b
50
50
= 1.0
> 1.0
d1/t =
>
48
30
the interaction equation is
R* M *
0.8
+
1.0
Rb Ms
9 1.8
0.8
+
= 0.958
77.8 20.8
1.0
Therefore the 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 is satisfactory
D4-14

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D4.5
CALCULATION OF BEAM DEFLECTIONS
Common methods for calculating the elastic deflection of a beam include:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
integration of M/EI diagram

moment area
slope deflection
published solutions for particular cases
approximate or numerical methods (eg. finite elements)
Table D4.5 gives the more commonly used beam deflection formulae. Due to the large range of loading
configurations and support conditions considered for beams in design, a more comprehensive set of
beam deflection formulae are published in the AISC technical journal Steel Construction, Volume 26 No.
1 (February 1992).
Table D4.5: Beam Deflection Formulae
Where:
W
L
E
I
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
=
=
=
=
=
maximum deflection
total load on beam
span of beam
Youngs modulus of elasticity
second moment of area of cross-section

D4-15
D4-16
TABLE D4.1-1(1)
DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITIES FOR MEMBERS

Standard Thickness
bending about x-axis
Designation
d
Design Moment Capacities Mb (kNm)
Mass
per m
FLR
Effective Length (Le) in metres

mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
36.0
31.2
26.0
20.4
17.3
12.8
34.5
30.0
25.0
19.7
16.7
12.4
33.1
28.8
24.0
18.9
16.0
12.0
31.8
27.7
23.1
18.2
15.4
11.6
30.6
26.6
22.2
17.5
14.9
11.2
29.4
25.6
21.4
16.9
14.3
10.8
28.3
24.7
20.6
16.2
13.8
10.5
27.2
23.7
19.8
15.7
13.3
10.1
26.2
22.9
19.1
15.1
12.8
9.79
25.3
22.1
18.5
14.6
12.4
9.48
24.4
21.3
17.8
14.1
12.0
9.19
3.37
3.43
3.50
3.53
3.56
4.01
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
33.4
28.9
24.0
18.5
14.1
10.0
32.8
28.3
23.5
18.2
13.9
10.0
32.1
27.8
23.1
17.8
13.6
9.95
31.5
27.3
22.6
17.5
13.4
9.80
30.9
26.7
22.2
17.2
13.2
9.65
30.3
26.2
21.8
16.9
13.0
9.51
29.7
25.7
21.3
16.5
12.7
9.37
6.99
7.04
7.08
7.18
8.17
9.32
100 x 50 x6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
17.9
15.7
13.2
11.9
10.6
8.99
7.25
5.05
17.3
15.2
12.8
11.5
10.2
8.71
7.03
4.96
16.7
14.7
12.4
11.1
9.91
8.44
6.81
4.83
16.2
14.3
12.0
10.8
9.60
8.18
6.61
4.71
15.7
13.8
11.7
10.5
9.31
7.93
6.41
4.59
15.2
13.4
11.3
10.1
9.02
7.69
6.22
4.47
14.7
13.0
11.0
9.84
8.75
7.46
6.03
4.36
14.3
12.6
10.6
9.54
8.49
7.23
5.86
4.25
13.8
12.2
10.3
9.26
8.23
7.02
5.69
4.15
13.4
11.8
10.0
8.99
7.99
6.82
5.52
4.04
4.19
4.26
4.31
4.34
4.32
4.35
4.46
5.32
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
= 0.9
FLR - segment length for Full Lateral Restraint (Mbx = Msx) for simply supported beams with uniform moment.
FLR = 0.231 (2 E /y G J / Msx2)0.5 (See Section D4.1.3 of these tables for explanation)
Values to the left of the solid line are segment lengths with full lateral restraint.
sh
= 0.7(((Msx / Moa)2 + 2.7))0.5 - Ms/Moa ) (See Section D4.1.2 of these tables for explanation)
m
= 1.0
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D4.1-1(2)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
Mass
per m
FLR
Effective Length (L e) in metres

kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
18.2
16.0
13.4
12.1
10.7
9.14
7.36
5.05
17.9
15.7
13.2
11.9
10.6
8.99
7.25
5.05
17.3
15.2
12.8
11.5
10.2
8.71
7.03
4.96
4.19
4.26
4.31
4.34
4.32
4.35
4.46
5.32
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
11.3
10.0
8.52
6.89
5.89
4.77
3.34
10.9
9.73
8.28
6.69
5.72
4.64
3.33
4.73
4.79
4.85
4.84
4.87
4.97
5.80
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.07
3.36
2.76
4.07
3.36
2.76
4.07
3.36
2.76
4.07
3.36
2.76
4.07
3.36
2.76
4.06
3.36
2.76
3.97
3.29
2.71
3.81
3.16
2.60
3.66
3.04
2.50
3.52
2.92
2.41
3.38
2.81
2.32
3.25
2.71
2.23
3.13
2.61
2.15
2.90
2.42
2.00
1.70
1.73
1.76
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
5.27
4.37
3.76
3.11
5.15
4.27
3.68
3.04
5.03
4.17
3.60
2.97
4.92
4.08
3.52
2.91
4.71
3.90
3.37
2.78
3.05
3.07
3.10
3.13
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
2.31
2.01
1.69
1.40
2.23
1.95
1.63
1.35
2.16
1.89
1.58
1.31
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
2.02
1.77
1.48
1.23
1.96
1.71
1.44
1.19
1.84
1.61
1.35
1.12
2.07
2.10
2.13
2.16
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
2.08
1.82
1.53
1.27
2.03
1.78
1.50
1.25
1.98
1.74
1.46
1.22
1.89
1.66
1.40
1.16
1.80
1.58
1.34
1.11
1.72
1.51
1.28
1.07
1.64
1.45
1.22
1.02
1.57
1.38
1.17
0.977
1.50
1.32
1.12
0.937
1.37
1.22
1.03
0.863
1.44
1.47
1.50
1.53
mm mm mm

D4-17
Notes:
= 0.9
3. Values to the left of the solid line are segment lengths with full lateral restraint.
1.
2.
0.5
4. sh = 0.7(((Msx / Moa) + 2.7))

for explanation)
5. m= 1.0
- Ms/Moa ) (See Section D4.1.2 of these tables
D4-18
TABLE D4.1-2

Designation
d
Mass
per m
FLR

kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
16.9
12.3
7.51
8.69
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.2
8.52
10.1
8.48
9.94
8.34
9.63
8.08
4.34
4.37
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.52
5.49
6.49
5.47
6.31
5.32
4.85
4.88
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.21
3.57
4.13
3.50
4.04
3.43
3.95
3.35
3.86
3.28
3.69
3.14
3.08
3.11
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.26
1.94
2.19
1.89
2.12
1.83
2.05
1.77
1.99
1.71
1.92
1.66
1.86
1.61
1.75
1.51
2.08
2.11
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
1.99
1.71
1.99
1.71
1.99
1.71
1.99
1.71
1.98
1.71
1.93
1.67
1.89
1.63
1.80
1.56
1.72
1.49
1.64
1.42
1.57
1.36
1.50
1.30
1.43
1.25
1.31
1.15
1.45
1.48
mm mm mm
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
= 0.9
Values to the left of the solid line are segment lengths with full lateral restraint.
sh
= 0.7(((Msx / Moa)2 + 2.7))0.5 - Ms/Moa ) (See Section D4.1.2 of these tables for explanation)
m
= 1.0
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D4.3-1(A)
DESIGN WEB CAPACITIES OF BEAMS

Standard Thickness
about x-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
Vv
kg/m
kN
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
374
316
257
195
164
92.5
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
End Bearing
Useful Parameters
5rext
bbw
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
bbw
L e/r
mm
mm
mm
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
N
N
N
N
N
B
1.28
1.05
0.828
0.785
0.651
0.519
2.54
1.60
0.860
0.357
0.208
0.107
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
60.0
62.5
65.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
70.0
87.5
114
161
196
249
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
2.30
1.42
0.752
0.308
0.179
0.0918
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
60.0
62.5
65.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
76.0
95.0
124
175
213
270
317
269
219
167
140
113
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.31
1.07
0.838
0.790
0.654
0.521
3.16
2.11
1.19
0.506
0.298
0.154
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
56.5
57.5
58.5
55.4
70.0
91.9
132
161
205
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
2.95
1.92
1.06
0.439
0.257
0.132
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
56.5
57.5
58.5
60.2
76.0
99.8
143
175
222
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
244
208
170
151
131
110
88.9
71.7
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.35
1.10
0.854
0.738
0.797
0.659
0.524
0.417
3.79
2.74
1.69
1.21
0.758
0.455
0.238
0.123
75.0
62.5
50.0
43.8
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
41.3
44.0
45.0
46.0
46.8
40.8
52.5
70.0
82.5
103
126
161
205
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.688
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
3.64
2.58
1.54
1.08
0.667
0.396
0.205
0.106
37.5
31.3
25.0
21.9
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
35.0
37.5
40.0
41.3
44.0
45.0
46.0
46.8
44.3
57.0
76.0
89.6
111
137
175
222
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
178
153
126
97.4
82.3
66.8
54.0
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.44
1.15
0.884
0.809
0.667
0.528
0.420
4.33
3.34
2.32
1.20
0.756
0.410
0.216
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
31.5
32.5
33.5
34.3
26.3
35.0
48.1
73.5
91.0
117
150
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
4.25
3.25
2.20
1.08
0.670
0.358
0.186
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
22.5
25.0
27.5
31.5
32.5
33.5
34.3
28.5
38.0
52.3
79.8
98.8
127
163
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
79.1
64.2
51.9
N
N
N
0.667
0.528
0.420
0.756
0.410
0.216
25.0
20.0
16.0
32.5
33.5
34.3
91.0
117
150
0.641
0.513
0.410
0.670
0.358
0.186
12.5
10.0
8.00
32.5
33.5
34.3
98.8
127
163
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
106
82.3
69.7
56.7
N
N
N
N
0.906
0.817
0.672
0.532
2.56
1.44
0.945
0.528
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
22.5
26.5
27.5
28.5
39.4
61.8
77.0
99.8
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
2.47
1.33
0.850
0.465
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
22.5
26.5
27.5
28.5
42.8
67.1
83.6
108
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
61.1
52.1
42.6
34.7
N
N
N
N
0.836
0.685
0.539
0.426
1.82
1.31
0.800
0.452
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
44.3
56.0
73.5
95.4
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
1.74
1.22
0.723
0.399
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
48.1
60.8
79.8
104
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
60.3
51.4
42.0
34.2
N
N
N
N
0.836
0.685
0.539
0.426
1.82
1.31
0.800
0.452
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
44.3
56.0
73.5
95.4
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
1.74
1.22
0.723
0.399
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
48.1
60.8
79.8
104
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
B
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
kN/mm kN/mm
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
= 0.9
= 3.5 d5 /t for interior bearing or Le/r = 3.8 d5/t for end bearing
= 2 p bb t fy
= 2 c bb t fy
= 0.5
= 1.0
= approximately uniform shear stress distribution. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.4 of AS 4100.
= non-uniform shear stress distribution. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.3 of AS 4100.
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm/f *va)) Vu
= shear buckling failure mode. Design shear capacity calculated in accordance with clause 5.11.5 of AS 4100.
Vv = Vb = vVw Vw

D4-19
TABLE D4.3-1(B)

Standard Thickness
about y-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
Vv
kN
Rby
R bb
bb
bb
End Bearing
Rby
Rbb
5rext
b bw
L e/r
bb
bb
Useful Parameters
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
b bw
Le/r
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
111
97.2
81.6
64.2
54.7
44.7
U
U
U
U
U
U
1.72
1.30
0.962
0.836
0.685
0.539
4.81
3.85
2.88
1.82
1.31
0.800
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
10.0
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
11.7
17.5
26.3
43.9
56.0
73.5
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
4.77
3.81
2.83
1.74
1.22
0.723
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
10.0
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
12.7
19.0
28.5
48.1
60.8
79.8
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
184
158
130
101
85.1
69.0
U
U
U
U
U
U
1.44
1.15
0.884
0.809
0.667
0.528
4.33
3.34
2.32
1.20
0.756
0.410
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
31.5
32.5
33.5
26.3
35.0
48.1
73.5
91.0
117
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
4.25
3.25
2.20
1.08
0.670
0.358
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
31.5
32.5
33.5
28.5
38.0
52.3
79.8
98.8
127
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
111
97.2
81.6
73.1
64.2
54.7
44.7
36.4
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
1.72
1.30
0.962
0.814
0.836
0.685
0.539
0.426
4.81
3.85
2.88
2.39
1.82
1.31
0.800
0.452
75.0
62.5
50.0
43.8
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
10.0
12.5
15.0
16.3
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
11.7
17.5
26.3
32.5
44.3
56.0
73.5
95.4
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.688
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
4.77
3.81
2.83
2.33
1.74
1.22
0.723
0.399
37.5
31.3
25.0
21.9
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
10.0
12.5
15.0
16.3
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
12.7
19.0
28.5
35.3
48.1
60.8
79.8
104
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
111
97.2
81.6
64.2
54.7
44.7
36.4
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
1.72
1.30
0.962
0.836
0.685
0.539
0.426
4.81
3.85
2.88
1.82
1.31
0.800
0.452
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
10.0
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
11.7
17.5
26.3
44.3
56.0
73.5
95.4
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
4.77
3.81
2.83
1.74
1.22
0.723
0.399
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
10.0
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
12.7
19.0
28.5
48.1
60.8
79.8
104
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
24.3
20.4
17.0
U
U
U
0.754
0.578
0.449
1.88
1.40
1.01
25.0
20.0
16.0
7.50
8.50
9.30
21.0
29.8
40.7
0.641
0.513
0.410
1.85
1.37
0.973
12.5
10.0
8.00
7.50
8.50
9.30
22.8
32.3
44.2
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
52.5
42.3
36.5
30.1
U
U
U
U
1.11
0.878
0.711
0.554
3.17
2.15
1.67
1.17
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
7.50
11.5
12.5
13.5
13.1
26.8
35.0
47.3
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
3.15
2.11
1.62
1.11
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.50
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.3
29.1
38.0
51.3
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
27.7
24.3
20.4
17.0
U
U
U
U
0.949
0.754
0.578
0.449
2.35
1.88
1.40
1.01
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
6.50
7.50
8.50
9.30
15.2
21.0
29.8
40.7
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
2.33
1.85
1.37
0.973
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
6.50
7.50
8.50
9.30
16.5
22.8
32.3
44.2
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
20.4
18.2
15.6
13.1
U
U
U
U
1.02
0.801
0.603
0.463
2.43
1.97
1.50
1.12
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
4.00
5.00
6.00
6.80
9.33
14.0
21.0
29.8
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
2.43
1.95
1.48
1.10
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
6.80
10.1
15.2
22.8
32.3
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
D4-20
= 0.9
= 3.5 d5/t for interior bearing or Le/r = 3.8 d5/t for end bearing
= 2 p bb t fy
= 2 c bb t fy
= 0.5
= 1.0
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm /f *va)) Vu

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D4.3-2(A)

about x-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
kg/m
8.39
6.95
6.19
5.14
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
Vv
Rbb
bb
bb
Useful Parameters
5rext
bbw
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
bbw
L e/r
mm
14.0
11.5
14.0
11.5
mm
56.9
57.9
44.4
45.4
mm
154
191
121
150
kN/mm
0.735
0.601
0.741
0.605
kN/mm
0.414
0.233
0.626
0.358
mm
28.0
23.0
28.0
23.0
mm
56.9
57.9
44.4
45.4
mm
142
176
111
138
91.4
76.2
N
N
0.752
0.611
1.01
0.604
28.0
23.0
31.9
32.9
79.8
100
0.718
0.590
0.908
0.532
14.0
11.5
31.9
32.9
86.6
109
3.99
3.34
77.3
64.6
N
N
0.758
0.616
1.24
0.766
28.0
23.0
26.9
27.9
67.3
84.9
0.718
0.590
1.13
0.683
14.0
11.5
26.9
27.9
73.0
92.2
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
57.5
48.3
N
N
0.775
0.626
1.62
1.10
28.0
23.0
19.4
20.4
48.5
62.1
0.718
0.590
1.53
1.01
14.0
11.5
19.4
20.4
52.7
67.4
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
56.8
47.7
N
N
0.775
0.626
1.62
1.10
28.0
23.0
19.4
20.4
48.5
62.1
0.718
0.590
1.53
1.01
14.0
11.5
19.4
20.4
52.7
67.4
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
kN/mm kN/mm
0.718 0.359
0.590 0.200
0.718 0.548
0.590 0.310
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
N
N
N
N
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
kN
156
129
122
102
Rby
End Bearing
= 0.9
= 2 p bb t fy
= 2 c bb t fy
= 0.5
= 1.0
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm/f *va)) Vu
TABLE D4.3-2(B)

about y-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
Vv
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
End Bearing
Useful Parameters
5rext
bbw
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
bbw
L e/r
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
94.4
78.7
U
U
0.752
0.611
1.01
0.609
28.0
23.0
31.9
32.9
79.8
100
0.718
0.590
0.908
0.532
14.0
11.5
31.9
32.9
86.6
109
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
60.4
50.7
U
U
0.775
0.626
1.62
1.10
28.0
23.0
19.4
20.4
48.5
62.1
0.718
0.590
1.53
1.01
14.0
11.5
19.4
20.4
52.7
67.4
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
60.4
50.7
U
U
0.775
0.626
1.62
1.10
28.0
23.0
19.4
20.4
48.5
62.1
0.718
0.590
1.53
1.01
14.0
11.5
19.4
20.4
52.7
67.4
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
40.0
34.0
U
U
0.810
0.647
1.96
1.48
28.0
23.0
11.9
12.9
29.8
39.3
0.718
0.590
1.92
1.42
14.0
11.5
11.9
12.9
32.3
42.6
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
26.4
22.8
U
U
0.869
0.682
2.16
1.69
28.0
23.0
6.90
7.90
17.3
24.0
0.718
0.590
2.14
1.66
14.0
11.5
6.90
7.90
18.7
26.1
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
19.6
17.2
U
U
0.932
0.719
2.25
1.78
28.0
23.0
4.40
5.40
11.0
16.4
0.718
0.590
2.24
1.77
14.0
11.5
4.40
5.40
11.9
17.8
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
kN/mm kN/mm
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
= 0.9
= 3.5 d5/t for interior bearing or Le/r = 3.8 d5/t for end bearing
= 2 p bb t fy
= 2 c bb t fy
= 0.5
= 1.0
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm /f *va)) Vu

D4-21
TABLE D4.3-3

Standard Thickness
about x- and y-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
Vv
kg/m
kN
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
253
216
177
135
114
92.2
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
Rby
R bb
bb
bb
End Bearing
Rby
Rbb
5rext
b bw
L e/r
bb
bb
Useful Parameters
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
b bw
Le/r
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.35
1.10
0.854
0.797
0.659
0.524
3.79
2.74
1.69
0.758
0.455
0.238
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
40.8
52.5
70.0
103
126
161
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
3.64
2.58
1.54
0.667
0.396
0.205
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
44.3
57.0
76.0
111
137
175
121
102
82.6
66.7
N
N
N
N
0.800
0.662
0.525
0.418
0.907
0.551
0.291
0.151
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
41.8
91.0
112
144
183
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
0.804
0.482
0.252
0.130
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
39.0
40.0
41.0
41.8
98.8
122
156
199
14.6
12.5
9.06
221
189
138
N
N
N
1.38
1.11
0.746
4.04
3.02
1.45
75.0
62.5
43.8
29.5
32.0
35.7
34.4
44.7
71.4
1.18
0.983
0.688
3.93
2.89
1.31
37.5
31.3
21.9
29.5
32.0
35.7
37.3
48.6
77.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
181
156
129
114
99.4
84.0
68.2
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.44
1.15
0.884
0.760
0.809
0.667
0.528
4.33
3.34
2.32
1.79
1.20
0.756
0.410
75.0
62.5
50.0
43.8
30.0
25.0
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
28.8
31.5
32.5
33.5
26.3
35.0
48.1
57.5
73.5
91.0
117
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.688
0.769
0.641
0.513
4.25
3.25
2.20
1.66
1.08
0.670
0.358
37.5
31.3
25.0
21.9
15.0
12.5
10.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
28.8
31.5
32.5
33.5
28.5
38.0
52.3
62.4
79.8
98.8
127
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
153
132
109
85.0
72.0
58.6
47.5
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.51
1.19
0.906
0.817
0.672
0.532
0.422
4.52
3.55
2.56
1.44
0.945
0.528
0.283
75.0
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
17.5
20.0
22.5
26.5
27.5
28.5
29.3
20.4
28.0
39.4
61.8
77.0
99.8
128
1.18
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
4.46
3.48
2.47
1.33
0.850
0.465
0.246
37.5
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
17.5
20.0
22.5
26.5
27.5
28.5
29.3
22.2
30.4
42.8
67.1
83.6
108
139
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
96.0
80.6
63.4
54.0
44.2
35.9
N
N
N
N
N
N
1.30
0.962
0.836
0.685
0.539
0.426
3.85
2.88
1.82
1.31
0.800
0.452
62.5
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
17.5
26.3
44.3
56.0
73.5
95.4
0.983
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
3.81
2.83
1.74
1.22
0.723
0.399
31.3
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
12.5
15.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
21.8
19.0
28.5
48.1
60.8
79.8
104
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
61.4
49.0
42.0
34.6
28.3
N
N
N
N
N
1.04
0.859
0.700
0.548
0.431
3.08
2.05
1.56
1.05
0.640
50.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
10.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
16.8
17.5
32.7
42.0
56.0
73.5
0.786
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
3.05
2.00
1.50
0.975
0.578
25.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
10.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
16.8
19.0
35.5
45.6
60.8
79.8
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
41.8
36.0
29.8
24.4
N
N
N
N
0.878
0.711
0.554
0.435
2.15
1.67
1.17
0.760
30.0
25.0
20.0
16.0
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.3
26.8
35.0
47.3
62.6
0.769
0.641
0.513
0.410
2.11
1.62
1.11
0.699
15.0
12.5
10.0
8.00
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.3
29.1
38.0
51.3
67.9
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
25.0
20.6
N
N
0.564
0.441
1.29
0.888
20.0
16.0
11.0
11.8
38.5
51.6
0.513
0.410
1.25
0.836
10.0
8.00
11.0
11.8
41.8
56.1
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
24.0
20.2
16.7
N
N
N
0.754
0.578
0.449
1.88
1.40
1.01
25.0
20.0
16.0
7.50
8.50
9.30
21.0
29.8
40.7
0.641
0.513
0.410
1.85
1.37
0.973
12.5
10.0
8.00
7.50
8.50
9.30
22.8
32.3
44.2
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
12.9
0.463
1.12
16.0
6.80
29.8
0.410
1.10
8.00
6.80
32.3
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
D4-22
= 0.9
= 2 p bb t fy
= 2 c bb t fy
= 0.5
= 1.0
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm/f *va)) Vu

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D4.3-4

about x- and y-axis
Interior Bearing
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
Vv
kg/m
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
127
105
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Le/r
Rby
Rbb
b
kf
U
N
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Vv
=
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
End Bearing
Useful Parameters
5rext
bbw
Le/r
mm
Rby
Rbb
bb
bb
kN/mm kN/mm
Useful Parameters
2.5rext
bbw
L e/r
kN/mm
kN/mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
N
N
0.741
0.605
0.626
0.358
28.0
23.0
44.4
45.4
111
138
0.718
0.590
0.548
0.310
14.0
11.5
44.4
45.4
121
150
mm
93.3
77.7
N
N
0.752
0.611
1.01
0.604
28.0
23.0
31.9
32.9
79.8
100
0.718
0.590
0.908
0.532
14.0
11.5
31.9
32.9
86.6
109
4.42
66.7
0.616
0.766
23.0
27.9
84.9
0.590
0.683
11.5
27.9
92.2
3.99
3.34
59.7
50.1
N
N
0.775
0.626
1.62
1.10
28.0
23.0
19.4
20.4
48.5
62.1
0.718
0.590
1.53
1.01
14.0
11.5
19.4
20.4
52.7
67.4
3.11
2.62
46.2
39.1
N
N
0.794
0.638
1.86
1.36
28.0
23.0
14.4
15.4
36.0
46.9
0.718
0.590
1.80
1.29
14.0
11.5
14.4
15.4
39.1
50.9
2.67
2.25
39.5
33.6
N
N
0.810
0.647
1.96
1.48
28.0
23.0
11.9
12.9
29.8
39.3
0.718
0.590
1.92
1.42
14.0
11.5
11.9
12.9
32.3
42.6
0.9
3.5 d5/t for interior bearing or Le/r = 3.8 d5/t for end bearing
2 p bb t fy
2 c bb t fy
0.5
1.0
= Vu = Vw = 0.6 fy Aw
Vv = 2Vu / (0.9 + (f *vm/f *va)) Vu

D4-23
[ BLANK ]
D4-24

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PART 5 MEMBERS SUBECT TO

AXIAL COMPRESSION
5
PAGE
D5.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... D5-2
D5.2
DESIGN CAPACITY FOR MEMBERS SUBJECT TO AXIAL COMPRESSION ........ D5-2
D5.3
METHOD ....................................................................................................................... D5-2
D5.4
EFFECTIVE LENGTH ................................................................................................... D5-4
D5.5
MODES OF BUCKLING ............................................................................................... D5-6
D5.6
EXAMPLE ...................................................................................................................... D5-6
TABLES
Design Capacities for Members Subject to Axial Compression (Nc)
Buckling About Principal Axis .......................................................................................... D5-8

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D5-1
PART 5 MEMBERS SUBECT TO AXIAL

COMPRESSION
D5.1
SCOPE
The following tables give values of design axial compression capacity for various effective lengths and
have been determined using Section 6 of AS 4100.
All loads are assumed to be applied through the centroid of the section and the column capacity is assumed
to be associated with flexural buckling about either the x- or y-axis.
D5.2
DESIGN CAPACITY FOR MEMBERS SUBJECT TO

AXIAL COMPRESSION
Values of the design capacity for axial compression (Nc) for buckling about both principal axes, based on
the appropriate effective length (Le), are given in Tables D5.2-1 to D5.2-4.
The tables in this section have been grouped into two series for rectangular hollow sections:
the (A) series (e.g. Table D5.2-1(1)(A)) for the member buckling about the x-axis, and
the (B) series (e.g. Table D5.2-1(1)(B)) for the member buckling about the y-axis.
The (A) series tables are immediately followed by the (B) series tables.
D5.3
METHOD
The design axial compression member capacity is obtained from Clauses 6.3 of AS 4100 and is given by:
Nc = c Ns
Ns
where
N s
kf
An
fy
c
D5-2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
kf An fy
(see Section D3.2.2 and Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4)
Ae /Ag
(see Section D1.2.3.3 and Clause 6.2.2 of AS 4100)
net section area
Ag
gross cross-sectional area
(assumed no penetrations or holes)
member slenderness reduction factor

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
According to Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100, c depends on the modified slenderness reduction factor (n) and
the member section constant (b). The member slenderness reduction factor (c) is determined from
Clause 6.3.3 of AS 4100 and taken as:
R|
S|
T
c = 1
LM1 F 90 I
MN GH JK
OP U|
PQ V|W
FG IJ + 1 +
H 90 K
FI
2G J
H 90 K
2
where
= n + a b
= 0.00326( -13.5) >0
n =
a =
FG L IJ bk g FG f IJ
HrK
H 250 K
2100b 13 .5g
f
n 2 15 .3 n + 2050
a = -0.5
FG L IJ
HrK
e
Le
r
kf
fy
(Table D5.3)
= geometrical slenderness ratio

=
=
=
=
effective length of a compression member (see Section D5.4)

radius of gyration
(see Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
form factor (see Section D1.2.3.3 and Tables D1.2-1 to D1.2-4)
Note that the member capacity equals the section capacity (Nc = Ns ) when the effective length Le = 0.
The residual stress classification used in determining kf is shown in Table D5.3 and is described in
Section D1.2.3.3 of the Tables.
Table D5.3
Section
RHS, SHS
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Residual
Yield Slenderness
Stresses
Limit
CF
ey
kf = 1.0
kf < 1.0
40
- 0.5
- 0.5

D5-3
D5.4
EFFECTIVE LENGTH
Before using these tables and graphs it is necessary to determine the effective length, which depends on
the rotational and translational restraints at the ends of the member and is determined using the following
formula:
Le = ke L
The member effective length factor (ke) (Clause 6.3.2 of AS 4100) can be determined using Clause 4.6.3
of AS 4100 or by a rational frame buckling analysis as described in Clause 4.7 of AS 4100. Information
relevant to assessing ke, for members in frames using Clause 4.6 of AS 4100, is reproduced in Part 7 of
this publication. For members with idealised end restraints ke is given in Table D5.4.
Table D5.4: Effective Length Factors for Members for Idealised Conditions of End Restraint
Note: This table reproduced from AS 4100 -1998 by kind permission of Standards Australia.
Advice on the determination of effective lengths of members in trusses and girders is not covered in AS
4100, but suitable equations have been developed in [1]. The following equations are applicable for:
welded joints with gap or partial overlap
bracing members welded along the full perimeter
no cropping or flattening of the ends of the bracings
D5-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
In all cases Le / L > 0.5

(i)
Chord:
Bracing:
square
circular
d12
Le
= 2.35
L
Lbo
(ii)
Chord:
Bracing:
2
b
= 2.30 1
Lb o
L
=
=
=
=
=
0.75
square
square
Le
where Le
L
d1
bo
b1
0 .25
0.25
0.75
effective length of a compression member

distance between intersection points of chord and web centre lines (see Figure D5.4)
outside diameter of a circular bracing member
external width of a square chord member
external width of a square bracing member
The effective length of members in a pitched roof can be determined from the reference[2] below.
Figure D5.4
[1]
Rondal, J., Effective Lengths of Tubular Lattice Girder Members Statistical Tests, CIDECT Report 3 K - 90/3
Final Report, University of Liege, 1990.
[2]
Fraser, D.J., Stability of Pitched Roof Frames, Transaction of The Institution of Engineers Australia, Civil
Engineering, Vol. CE28, No. 1, 1986.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D5-5
D5.5
MODES OF BUCKLING
Although it is also possible for some doubly symmetric sections to buckle in a torsional mode, this is not
the governing buckling mode for hollow sections.
D5.6
1.
EXAMPLE
A compression member in a truss, shown below, is to resist a concentrically applied axial compression
force of 250 kN. End connections are full perimeter welded gap joints, with chord and web members
being the same size DuraGal SHS.
Design Data:
N*
= 250 kN
Solution:
From Section 5.4
Le
L
bI
Le
L
Trial Le
For
Le
L
bo
Fb I
2.30G
H Lb JK
2
1
0 .25
0.75
For SHS chord and bracing
= bo
For same size chord and bracing

0 .25
Fb I
2.30G J
HLK
=
=
0.75 x 4.0 m
3.0 m
0.75
(Section D5.4)
= 0.75
= 0.113 L
= 45 mm
0.113 x 4
- Selecting the DuraGal section with the least mass from Table D5.2-3(1):
100 x 100 x 3.0 SHS Grade C450L0 (8.96 kg/m)
As bo
Le
L
100 mm > 45 mm
2.30
FG 100 IJ
H 4000 K
Nc = 265 > N*
(Table D5.2-3(1))
section is satisfactory
0 .25
= 0.914 > 0.75
The assumption that Le = 0.75L was correct
D5-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
[ BLANK ]
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D5-7
D5-8
TABLE D5.2-1(1)(A)
DESIGN CAPACITIES FOR MEMBERS

SUBJECT TO AXIAL COMPRESSION
Standard Thickness
buckling about x-axis
Designation
d
Design Capacities for Axial Compression Nc (kN)
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
526
329
246
173
841
716
515
324
243
172
808
689
499
316
237
168
764
653
476
305
230
164
704
604
447
291
221
158
629
541
410
273
209
151
542
469
364
251
195
143
455
396
316
226
178
133
318
278
228
172
141
109
228
200
166
129
107
85.1
171
150
125
98.1
82.4
66.1
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
390
296
196
835
711
581
381
290
192
796
679
556
367
280
187
741
634
520
348
268
180
668
573
471
323
251
171
576
497
411
291
229
160
479
415
345
253
203
147
392
341
285
215
176
131
267
233
195
151
126
98.7
190
166
139
109
91.9
73.3
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
583
502
414
367
313
235
167
120
534
461
382
340
291
221
158
115
462
402
335
299
258
200
146
107
371
326
274
246
216
172
129
96.6
286
253
214
193
171
141
109
83.7
220
196
167
150
134
112
89.0
69.9
173
154
131
119
106
89.6
72.1
57.5
114
101
86.5
78.1
70.2
59.7
48.5
39.2
80.0
71.4
61.0
55.1
49.5
42.2
34.5
28.0
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
10.0
12.0
132
116
97.0
76.5
64.6
52.1
85.9
75.4
63.1
50.0
42.3
34.3
60.3
52.9
44.3
35.1
29.8
24.2
142
124
104
81.8
69.1
55.6
110
95.8
80.3
63.4
53.6
43.3
71.1
62.1
52.1
41.2
34.9
28.3
49.8
43.5
36.5
28.9
24.5
19.9
59.3
53.0
45.3
40.9
36.8
31.4
25.7
20.9
45.7
40.8
34.9
31.5
28.4
24.2
19.8
16.1
29.6
26.4
22.6
20.4
18.4
15.7
12.8
10.5
20.7
18.5
15.8
14.3
12.8
11.0
8.99
7.33
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D5.2-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
Buckling about x-axis
Designation
d
Mass
per m

D5-9
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
614
527
434
385
327
244
173
124
600
516
425
377
321
240
170
122
583
502
414
367
313
235
167
120
561
484
399
355
303
228
163
117
534
461
382
340
291
221
158
115
501
434
360
321
276
211
153
111
462
402
335
299
258
200
146
107
371
326
274
246
216
172
129
96.6
286
253
214
193
171
141
109
83.7
220
196
167
150
134
112
89.0
69.9
173
154
131
119
106
89.6
72.1
57.5
114
101
86.5
78.1
70.2
59.7
48.5
39.2
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
499
431
357
280
236
173
124
499
431
357
280
236
173
124
487
421
349
274
232
171
122
470
407
338
266
225
166
119
447
388
323
255
216
160
116
416
362
303
240
203
152
111
376
330
277
221
188
142
105
329
291
247
198
169
130
97.0
280
250
213
173
148
116
88.2
198
179
154
126
108
87.1
68.8
143
130
112
92.3
79.4
64.7
52.0
108
97.4
84.3
69.5
59.8
49.0
39.8
83.4
75.5
65.4
54.0
46.5
38.2
31.1
54.2
49.1
42.6
35.2
30.3
24.9
20.4
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
186
133
91.6
186
133
91.6
181
130
90.1
175
126
87.7
165
120
84.4
153
113
80.3
138
104
75.1
120
92.5
68.6
101
80.2
61.2
71.2
58.1
46.2
51.3
42.3
34.3
38.4
31.9
26.0
29.8
24.7
20.3
19.4
16.1
13.2
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
276
219
186
149
275
219
186
149
267
212
180
145
254
203
173
139
236
190
162
131
212
173
147
120
183
151
129
106
152
127
109
89.8
124
105
90.5
74.8
84.3
71.7
62.2
51.7
60.0
51.2
44.5
37.0
44.8
38.2
33.2
27.7
34.6
29.5
25.7
21.4
22.4
19.2
16.7
13.9
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
158
135
111
90.4
157
134
110
89.6
149
128
105
85.6
137
118
96.9
79.3
119
103
85.2
70.0
96.0
83.7
70.0
57.9
74.3
65.2
54.9
45.6
57.4
50.6
42.7
35.6
45.1
39.8
33.7
28.1
29.7
26.2
22.2
18.6
20.9
18.5
15.6
13.1
15.5
13.7
11.6
9.71
12.0
10.6
8.95
7.49
7.73
6.83
5.79
4.84
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
146
125
103
83.9
144
124
102
83.0
137
117
96.7
79.1
125
107
88.8
72.8
106
92.5
77.0
63.5
84.2
74.0
62.2
51.7
64.3
56.8
48.1
40.2
49.3
43.8
37.2
31.1
38.7
34.3
29.2
24.5
25.4
22.5
19.2
16.1
17.8
15.9
13.5
11.4
13.2
11.8
10.0
8.43
10.2
9.08
7.74
6.50
6.59
5.87
5.00
4.20
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
D5-10
TABLE D5.2-1(1)(B)

Standard Thickness
buckling about y-axis
Designation
d
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
526
329
246
173
714
614
454
295
223
160
517
452
356
248
193
142
335
296
245
185
151
116
224
199
167
131
110
87.2
159
141
119
94.5
80.0
64.8
118
105
88.9
70.8
60.3
49.1
91.1
81.0
68.7
54.9
46.8
38.3
59.0
52.5
44.6
35.7
30.5
25.0
41.3
36.7
31.2
25.0
21.4
17.5
30.5
27.2
23.1
18.5
15.8
13.0
23.5
20.9
17.8
14.3
12.2
10.0
15.1
13.5
11.5
9.20
7.88
6.47
10.6
9.40
8.00
6.43
5.50
4.52
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
390
296
196
797
680
556
367
281
187
709
608
500
337
261
177
579
501
415
293
231
161
438
382
319
237
192
141
326
285
239
184
152
116
247
217
182
142
119
93.7
193
169
142
112
94.2
75.2
126
110
92.8
73.4
62.2
50.3
88.3
77.5
65.3
51.7
43.9
35.6
65.4
57.5
48.4
38.3
32.6
26.5
50.4
44.3
37.3
29.6
25.1
20.4
32.6
28.6
24.1
19.1
16.3
13.2
22.8
20.0
16.8
13.4
11.4
9.27
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
503
437
363
324
278
213
154
112
352
311
264
237
209
168
127
95.2
223
200
171
155
138
116
92.1
72.4
149
133
115
104
93.3
79.3
64.4
51.8
105
94.5
81.3
73.8
66.3
56.6
46.3
37.6
78.1
70.2
60.5
54.9
49.3
42.2
34.7
28.3
60.3
54.2
46.7
42.4
38.1
32.7
26.9
21.9
39.0
35.1
30.2
27.4
24.7
21.2
17.4
14.3
27.3
24.6
21.2
19.2
17.3
14.8
12.2
10.0
20.2
18.2
15.7
14.2
12.3
11.0
9.05
7.41
15.5
14.0
12.0
10.9
9.84
8.45
6.97
5.70
10.0
9.01
7.76
7.05
6.34
5.45
4.49
3.68
6.98
6.29
5.42
4.92
4.43
3.81
3.14
2.57
Notes :
1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D5.2-1(2)(B)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
Mass
per m

D5-11
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
621
532
438
388
329
246
173
124
617
529
436
387
328
245
173
124
593
510
420
373
317
238
169
121
556
480
397
353
301
227
162
117
503
437
363
324
278
213
154
112
432
378
317
284
247
193
142
104
352
311
264
237
209
168
127
95.2
280
250
213
192
171
141
109
84.1
223
200
171
155
138
116
92.1
72.4
149
133
115
104
93.3
79.3
64.4
51.8
105
94.5
81.3
73.8
66.3
56.6
46.3
37.6
78.1
70.2
60.5
54.9
49.3
42.2
34.7
28.3
60.3
54.2
46.7
42.4
38.1
32.7
26.9
21.9
39.0
35.1
30.2
27.4
24.7
21.2
17.4
14.3
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
499
431
357
280
236
173
124
495
428
355
278
235
173
124
475
411
341
268
227
167
120
443
385
321
253
214
159
115
396
347
291
231
196
148
108
334
296
251
202
172
132
98.5
268
240
206
167
143
113
86.4
211
190
164
135
116
93.0
73.1
167
152
131
108
93.2
75.8
60.6
111
101
87.5
72.3
62.4
51.3
41.7
78.3
72.1
62.0
51.3
44.3
36.5
29.8
58.2
52.9
46.0
38.1
32.9
27.2
22.3
44.9
40.8
35.5
29.4
25.4
21.0
17.2
29.0
26.4
23.0
19.1
16.5
13.6
11.2
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
186
133
91.6
179
129
89.2
155
115
81.3
115
90.0
67.5
75.2
62.0
49.5
50.5
42.3
34.7
35.8
30.2
25.0
26.7
22.5
18.7
20.6
17.4
14.5
13.3
11.3
9.42
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
276
219
186
149
270
215
183
147
250
200
170
137
215
175
149
121
166
138
119
98.1
120
102
88.3
73.4
87.5
74.5
65.0
54.4
65.8
56.2
49.1
41.2
51.1
43.7
38.2
32.0
33.2
28.5
24.9
20.9
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
158
135
111
90.4
151
130
106
86.9
129
111
92.0
75.6
90.5
79.6
67.1
55.9
57.7
51.2
43.6
36.7
38.4
34.2
29.2
24.6
27.2
24.2
20.7
17.5
20.2
18.0
15.4
13.0
15.6
13.9
11.9
10.0
10.1
9.01
7.71
6.50
7.06
6.31
5.40
4.55
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
146
125
103
83.9
136
117
96.2
78.8
101
88.9
74.7
62.0
58.5
52.5
45.1
38.1
34.8
31.4
27.1
23.1
22.7
20.5
17.8
15.1
16.0
14.4
12.5
10.7
11.8
10.7
9.28
7.90
5.90
5.33
4.62
3.94
4.12
3.73
3.23
2.75
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
9.13
8.25
7.15
6.09
9.35
7.91
6.60
23.3
20.0
17.5
14.7
6.91
5.85
4.89
5.32
4.50
3.76
3.43
2.90
2.43
13.3
11.4
9.98
8.38
8.59
7.37
6.45
5.41
5.22
4.66
3.99
3.37
4.01
3.59
3.07
2.59
2.59
2.31
1.98
1.67
3.04
2.75
2.39
2.03
2.34
2.12
1.84
1.56
1.51
1.36
1.18
1.01
17.3
14.8
13.0
10.9
D5-12

TABLE D5.2-2(A)
Designation
d
Mass
per m
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
351
259
351
259
351
259
348
256
343
253
338
250
331
246
324
241
315
235
293
221
266
204
233
183
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
295
215
295
215
292
214
287
211
280
206
272
201
262
195
249
187
235
178
198
155
159
128
126
103
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
263
215
263
215
258
211
250
205
239
197
225
186
208
172
187
155
163
136
119
100
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
206
172
206
172
200
167
191
160
179
150
163
137
142
120
120
102
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
149
126
148
124
141
119
129
109
113
95.9
91.3
78.4
70.8
61.2
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
138
116
136
115
129
109
118
100
101
86.5
80.3
69.4
61.4
53.5
mm mm mm

Notes : 1.
= 0.9
2.
Nc = c Ns
3.
b = - 0.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
199
159
5.0
141
116
99.7
82.7
66.1
55.3
87.2
73.8
65.8
55.7
51.1
43.3
33.3
28.2
18.2
15.6
99.1
84.5
68.0
58.1
48.6
41.6
36.3
31.1
28.0
24.0
54.8
47.5
43.1
37.5
28.4
24.7
20.0
17.4
14.8
12.9
11.4
9.95
7.39
6.43
47.2
41.2
37.0
32.4
24.3
21.3
17.1
15.0
12.7
11.1
9.77
8.57
6.32
5.54
(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
TABLE D5.2-2(B)
Designation
d
Mass
per m
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
351
259
348
259
348
257
341
252
332
246
320
239
306
229
289
219
268
205
219
173
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
295
215
294
215
284
209
271
200
251
188
225
172
192
151
159
128
130
107
87.8
73.5
62.5
52.6
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
263
215
261
214
252
207
238
196
217
180
190
158
158
132
127
107
102
86.7
68.5
58.2
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
206
172
202
169
188
158
165
139
131
111
27.1
23.4
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
149
126
143
120
122
104
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
138
116
128
109
mm mm mm
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Notes : 1.
= 0.9
2.
Nc = c Ns
96.6
83.5
96.4
82.6
70.9
60.9
53.5
46.1
41.6
35.9
14.9
13.1
86.4
74.8
55.2
48.4
36.8
32.3
26.1
22.9
19.4
17.0
56.2
49.7
33.5
29.8
21.9
19.5
15.4
13.7
11.4
10.2
3.
b = - 0.5
(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
8.80
7.84
3.0
4.0
5.0
105
86.9
69.0
57.6
46.6
39.3
36.0
30.4
23.3
19.7
48.5
41.3
36.1
30.7
27.9
23.7
18.0
15.4
19.0
16.4
14.1
12.2
10.9
9.37
7.01
6.05
171
139
3.5
133
109
9.68
8.51
6.78
5.96
5.01
4.41
3.85
3.39
2.48
2.19
5.69
5.07
3.98
3.54
2.94
2.62
2.26
2.01
1.45
1.30
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D5.2-3(1)

Standard Thickness
buckling about x- and y-axis
Designation
d
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
440
305
196
823
701
573
422
296
191
770
658
539
399
282
184
693
594
488
365
263
175
590
508
420
319
238
162
477
413
344
265
206
146
377
328
274
214
172
128
300
262
219
172
141
108
199
174
146
115
96.4
76.5
141
123
103
81.7
68.8
55.2
105
91.5
76.7
60.7
51.3
41.4
80.7
70.6
59.2
46.9
39.6
32.1
52.3
45.7
38.3
30.4
25.7
20.9
36.6
32.0
26.8
21.3
18.0
14.6
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
413
305
196
125
391
291
189
122
362
273
179
117
319
246
166
110
264
210
148
102
207
170
126
90.6
162
135
104
77.9
128
107
84.7
65.4
84.1
71.2
57.3
45.5
59.3
50.3
40.7
32.7
44.0
37.4
30.3
24.5
34.0
28.9
23.4
18.9
22.0
18.7
15.2
12.3
15.4
13.1
10.6
8.62
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
756
645
467
710
607
441
649
557
406
559
483
356
448
390
290
344
301
226
265
233
176
208
183
138
137
120
91.1
96.2
84.7
64.2
71.4
62.8
47.6
55.0
48.4
36.7
35.6
31.3
23.7
24.9
21.9
16.6
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
621
532
438
388
341
287
196
565
486
401
357
313
265
183
490
425
353
315
278
235
166
384
337
283
253
225
191
142
280
248
210
189
169
144
112
205
182
155
140
125
107
85.4
154
137
117
106
94.7
81.0
65.5
120
107
91.0
82.2
73.7
63.1
51.3
78.1
69.6
59.4
53.6
48.1
41.2
33.6
54.8
48.8
41.7
37.6
33.8
29.0
23.7
40.6
36.2
30.9
27.9
25.0
21.4
17.6
31.3
27.9
23.8
21.5
19.3
16.5
13.5
20.2
18.0
15.4
13.9
12.5
10.7
8.75
14.1
12.6
10.7
9.70
8.71
7.46
6.12
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
D5-13
TABLE D5.2-3(2)
D5-14

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
Mass
per m

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
621
532
438
388
341
287
196
621
532
438
388
341
287
196
608
522
430
382
335
282
193
590
507
418
371
326
275
189
565
486
401
357
313
265
183
532
459
380
338
298
252
176
490
425
353
315
278
235
166
440
383
320
286
253
215
155
384
337
283
253
225
191
142
280
248
210
189
169
144
112
205
182
155
140
125
107
85.4
154
137
117
106
94.7
81.0
65.5
120
107
91.0
82.2
73.7
63.1
51.3
78.1
69.6
59.4
53.6
48.1
41.2
33.6
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
523
451
373
292
247
196
125
523
451
373
292
247
196
125
508
439
363
285
241
191
123
487
421
349
274
232
184
120
458
397
330
260
220
176
115
418
365
305
241
205
164
109
368
324
273
217
185
149
102
313
277
235
189
162
131
93.2
260
232
198
161
137
112
83.0
179
161
138
113
97.2
79.8
62.3
128
116
99.6
81.7
70.2
57.8
46.2
95.8
86.4
74.5
61.2
52.6
43.4
35.0
74.1
66.9
57.7
47.4
40.8
33.6
27.3
48.1
43.4
37.5
30.8
26.5
21.9
17.8
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
330
276
219
186
151
123
327
274
218
185
150
122
312
262
209
178
145
118
289
244
196
167
136
111
256
218
176
151
123
101
212
183
150
129
106
87.0
167
146
122
105
87.0
71.5
130
115
96.6
83.6
69.5
57.3
103
91.0
76.9
66.7
55.5
45.8
67.9
60.2
51.1
44.4
37.0
30.6
47.9
42.5
36.1
31.4
26.2
21.6
35.5
31.6
26.8
23.3
19.5
16.1
27.4
24.4
20.7
18.0
15.0
12.4
17.7
15.8
13.4
11.7
9.72
8.04
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
211
170
145
119
96.9
207
168
143
117
95.5
193
157
135
110
90.1
170
140
120
99.3
81.2
135
115
99.5
82.6
68.1
100
87.0
76.0
63.6
52.7
73.9
64.7
56.8
47.8
39.7
55.9
49.1
43.2
36.4
30.3
43.5
38.3
33.7
28.4
23.7
28.3
25.0
22.0
18.6
15.5
19.9
17.6
15.5
13.1
10.9
14.7
13.0
11.5
9.68
8.08
11.3
10.0
8.83
7.46
6.22
7.33
6.48
5.71
4.82
4.02
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
146
125
103
83.9
143
122
101
82.2
131
113
92.9
76.1
111
95.9
79.7
65.7
82.9
72.8
61.2
50.9
58.9
52.1
44.1
36.9
42.6
37.8
32.1
26.9
32.0
28.4
24.1
20.2
24.8
22.0
18.7
15.7
16.1
14.3
12.2
10.2
11.3
10.0
8.55
7.18
8.37
7.43
6.33
5.32
6.44
5.72
4.87
4.09
4.16
3.70
3.15
2.64
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
86.5
70.9
83.8
68.8
74.8
61.7
58.9
49.1
40.7
34.3
27.8
23.5
19.9
16.8
14.8
12.5
11.5
9.70
7.43
6.30
5.21
4.41
3.85
3.26
2.96
2.51
1.91
1.62
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
84.6
70.3
58.0
80.2
66.9
55.3
66.1
55.8
46.5
43.6
37.7
32.0
27.0
23.6
20.2
17.8
15.6
13.4
12.6
11.0
9.46
9.34
8.19
7.03
7.21
6.32
5.42
4.66
4.09
3.51
3.26
2.86
2.46
2.41
2.11
1.82
1.85
1.63
1.40
1.19
1.05
0.900
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
45.0
41.5
30.1
16.9
4.58
3.40
2.62
1.69
1.18
0.872
0.671
0.432
Notes : 1.
= 0.9
2.
Nc = c Ns
9.99
3.
b = - 0.5
6.52
(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D5.2-4

Designation
d
Mass
per m

kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
383
259
383
259
382
258
376
255
369
251
360
246
350
241
337
234
323
226
286
207
242
182
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
319
259
319
259
314
255
305
248
294
239
279
228
261
213
238
195
212
175
159
133
118
99.0
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
228
228
223
215
204
190
172
150
128
90.5
65.4
49.0
38.0
24.7
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
206
172
205
171
197
165
184
154
166
140
142
120
115
98.1
91.5
78.1
73.0
62.4
48.5
41.5
34.3
29.4
25.5
21.8
19.7
16.8
12.7
10.9
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
161
135
158
133
148
125
133
112
109
92.9
82.7
71.2
61.7
53.3
46.9
40.6
36.5
31.7
23.9
20.7
16.8
14.5
12.4
10.8
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
138
116
135
114
124
105
105
89.6
79.0
68.3
56.3
49.0
40.8
35.6
30.6
26.8
23.7
20.8
15.4
13.5
10.8
9.47
mm mm mm
Notes : 1.
2.
3.
Nc
b
=
=
=
0.9
c Ns
- 0.5

(Table 6.3.3 of AS 4100)
3.5
198
155
89.3
75.2
8.01
7.01
4.0
160
128
69.6
58.6
5.0
108
88.6
45.4
38.3
9.58
8.31
6.19
5.37
6.17
5.40
3.98
3.49
D5-15
[ BLANK ]
D5-16

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
PART 6 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO

AXIAL TENSION
6
PAGE
D6.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... D6-2
D6.2
METHOD ....................................................................................................................... D6-2
D6.3
EXAMPLE ...................................................................................................................... D6-3
TABLES
Design Capacities for Members Subject to Axial Tension (Nt) ..................................... D6-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D6-1

AXIAL TENSION
D6.1
SCOPE
Tables D6.1-1 to D6.1-4 give values of design section capacity for axial tension determined in accordance
with Section 7 of AS 4100.
The tables give values of design capacity for DuraGal structural steel hollow sections with full perimeter
welded connections.
D6.2
METHOD
The design section capacity for axial tension (Nt) has been determined from Clause 7.2 of AS 4100 and
taken as the lesser o :
Nt = Ag fy
Nt = (0.85) kt An fu
and
where
fy =
An =
0.9

net section area
Ag
gross cross-sectional area (for full perimeter welded connections)
fu =
ultimate strength used in design
kt =
tension correction factor
1.0
The lesser value of Nt = Ag fy and Nt = (0.85) Ag fu is highlighted in bold type in the tables.
Nt = (0.85) Ag fu is the lesser value of Nt.
Note: for Grade C450L0
For sections reduced by penetrations or holes, the value of Nt can be determined from the tables as the
lesser value of:
and
where An =
N t =
Ag fy
N t =
(0.85) Ag fu (An / Ag)
net section area
Values of Ag are tabulated in Tables D6.1-1 to D6.1-4.

Note that all the values in Tables D6.1-1 to D6.1-4 assume kt = 1.0.
D6-2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D6.3
1.
EXAMPLE
A tension member with a full perimeter welded connection is subjected to an axial tension force of
150 kN. Design a suitable DuraGal RHS tension member.
Design Data:
N* = 150 kN
kt
= 1.0 (for a full perimeter welded connection)
Solution:
Select a suitable DuraGal member from Tables D6.1-1 and D6.1-3. The alternatives are:
65 x 35 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 (3.60 kg/m) Nt = 176 > N*
65 x 65 x 1.6 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0 (3.13 kg/m) Nt = 153 > N*
Choose 65 x 65 x 1.6 RHS Grade C450L0 (3.13 kg/m) because it is more economical based on mass.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D6-3
TABLE D6.1-1
TABLE D6.1-2
DESIGN CAPACITIES FOR MEMBERS DESIGN CAPACITIES FOR MEMBERS

SUBJECT TO AXIAL TENSION
DuraGal
RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS:
GRADE C450L0
Standard Thickness
Mass
per m
Designation
d
Axial
Tension
Nt
Nt (1)
Nt (2)
DuraGal
RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS:
GRADE C450L0
Gross
Section
Area
Ag
Axial
Tension
N t
Nt (1)
Nt (2)
Gross
Section
Area
Ag
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN
mm
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN
mm2
150 x 50 x 6 0 RHS
5 0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
462
388
313
816
694
567
436
367
296
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
433
359
409
339
1070
885
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
319
265
302
251
788
655
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
263
219
248
207
648
540
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
462
388
313
816
694
567
436
367
296
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
206
172
194
163
508
425
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
149
126
141
119
368
310
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
138
116
130
110
340
287
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
621
532
438
388
341
287
232
188
586
503
414
367
322
271
219
177
1530
1310
1080
959
841
709
574
463
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
499
431
357
280
236
192
155
471
407
337
264
223
181
147
1230
1060
881
691
584
474
383
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
186
151
123
176
143
116
459
374
303
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
276
219
186
151
261
207
176
143
681
541
459
374
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
158
135
111
90.4
149
128
105
85.4
391
334
274
223
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
146
125
103
83.9
138
118
97.0
79.2
361
309
254
207
Notes:
1.
2.
Nt (1)
3.
Nt (2) =
D6-4
=
=
Mass
per m
Designation
0.9
Ag fy
(Clause 7.2 of AS 4100)
0.85 Ag fu
Notes:
1.
2.
Nt (1)
3.
Nt (2) =
=
=
0.9
Ag fy
0.85 Ag fu

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D6.1-3
TABLE D6.1-4


DuraGal
SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS:
GRADE C450L0
Standard Thickness
DuraGal
SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS:
GRADE C450L0
Mass
per m
Designation
d
Axial
Tension
N t
Nt (1)
Nt (2)
Gross
Section
Area
Ag
Axial
Tension
Nt
Nt (1)
Nt (2)
Gross
Section
Area
Ag
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN
mm
mm mm mm
kg/m
kN
kN
mm2
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
864
735
600
462
388
313
816
694
567
436
367
296
2130
1810
1480
1140
959
774
100 x l00 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
433
359
409
339
1070
885
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
319
265
302
251
788
655
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
228
215
563
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
413
348
281
226
390
329
265
214
1020
859
694
559
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
206
172
194
163
508
425
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
161
135
152
127
396
333
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
756
645
467
714
609
441
1870
1590
1150
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
138
116
130
110
340
287
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
621
532
438
388
341
287
232
586
503
414
367
322
271
219
1530
1310
1080
959
841
709
574
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
523
451
373
292
247
200
162
494
426
352
276
233
189
153
1290
1110
921
721
609
494
399
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
330
276
219
186
151
123
311
261
207
176
143
116
814
681
541
459
374
303
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
211
170
145
119
96.9
199
161
137
112
91.5
521
421
359
294
239
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
146
125
103
83.9
138
118
97.0
79.2
361
309
254
207
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.68
1.38
86.5
70.9
81.7
67.0
214
175
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
1.64
1.36
1.12
84.6
70.3
58.0
79.9
66.4
54.8
209
174
143
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
0.873
45.0
42.5
111
Notes:
Mass
per m
Designation
1.
0.9
2.
Nt (1)
Ag fy
3.
Nt (2) =
0.85 Ag fu
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Notes:
1.
0.9
2.
Nt (1)
Ag fy
3.
Nt (2) =
0.85 Ag fu

D6-5
[ BLANK ]
D6-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

COMBINED ACTIONS .
7
PAGE
D7.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... D7-2
D7.2
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ D7-2
D7.3
MOMENT AMPLIFICATION .......................................................................................... D7-2
D7.3.1
D7.3.2
Values of cm .................................................................................................................... D7-3

Elastic Buckling Load ..................................................................................................... D7-3
D7.4
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION ............................................... D7-7
D7.4.1
D7.4.1.1
D7.4.1.2
Uniaxial Bending - About the Major Principal x-axis ................................................ D7-7

Section Capacity............................................................................................................. D7-7
Member Capacity ............................................................................................................ D7-8
D7.4.2
D7.4.2.1
D7.4.2.2
Uniaxial Bending - About the Minor Principal y-axis ................................................ D7-9

Section Capacity ............................................................................................................ D7-9
Member Capacity ......................................................................................................... D7-10
D7.4.3
D7.4.3.1
D7.4.3.2
Biaxial Bending........................................................................................................... D7-10

Section Capacity .......................................................................................................... D7-10
D7.5
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL TENSION ......................................................... D7-11
D7.5.1
D7.5.1.1
D7.5.1.2
Uniaxial Bending - About the Major Principal x-axis .............................................. D7-11

D7.5.2
Uniaxial Bending - About the Minor Principal y-axis .............................................. D7-12
D7.5.2.1
D7.5.3
D7.5.3.1
D7.5.3.2
Biaxial Bending........................................................................................................... D7-13

D7.6
BIAXIAL BENDING ..................................................................................................... D7-15
D7.6.1
D7.6.2

D7.7
EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................. D7-16
TABLES
TABLES D7.3.2-1 to D7.3.2-4
Elastic Buckling Loads (Nom) ........................................................................................ D7-23

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-1
PART 7
D7.1
MEMBERS SUBJECT TO COMBINED ACTIONS
SCOPE
This part of the Tables contains the interaction formulae which must be used to design members subject
to combined actions in accordance with Section 8 of AS 4100.The table below provides the location of
design capacities and reference points within this publication for checking interaction effects on member
capacities.
Design
Capacity
Nomx
Nomy
Nc
Ns
Nt
Ms
Msx, Msy
Mrx (comp)
Mrx (tens)
Mry
Mr (comp)
Mr (tens)
Mb
Vv
Vvx
Vvy
Mz
D7.2
Description
Elastic flexural buckling load of a member, about the principal x- axis
Elastic flexural buckling load of a member, about the principal y- axis
Nominal member capacity in compression
Design section capacity in axial compression
Design section capacity in axial tension
Design section moment capacity (SHS)
Ms about x- and y- axes (RHS)
Msx reduced by axial compression force (RHS)
Msx reduced by axial tension force (RHS)
Msy reduced by axial force (RHS)
Ms about a principal axis reduced by axial compression force
Ms about a principal axis reduced by axial tension force
Design moment capacity (RHS)
Design shear capacity of a web (SHS)
Vv for bending about x- axis (RHS)
Vv for bending about y- axis (RHS)
Design torsional section moment capacity
Reference
Tables 7.3.2-1 to D7.3.2-4
Tables 7.3.2-1 to D7.3.2-4
Tables D5.2-1(A) to D5.2-4
Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4
Tables D3.1-1 & D3.1-3
Section D7.4.1.1
Section D7.5.1.1
Section D7.4.2.1 & D7.5.2.1
Section D7.4.1.1
Section D7.5.1.1
Table D3.1-2 & D3.1-4
Table D3.1-1 & D3.1-3
Table D3.1-1 & D3.1-3
METHOD
Section D7.3 describes the use and determination of moment amplification factors and the determination
of the elastic buckling load for braced or sway members. The elastic buckling load required for combined
bending and axial compression when the moment is amplified by the moment amplification factors b and
s.
Sections D7.4 and D7.5 give the interaction formulae for combined bending and axial compression and
combined bending and axial tension respectively. Each section describes the method for uniaxial bending
about the major principal x-axis, for uniaxial bending about the minor principal y-axis, and for biaxial
bending. Section D7.6 gives the interaction formulae for biaxial bending without axial forces. In every
case both the section capacity and the member capacity must be checked.
D7.3
MOMENT AMPLIFICATION
For a member subjected to combined bending and axial compression force, irrespective of whether that
member is an isolated statically determinate member or part of a statically indeterminate frame the bending
moments will be amplified by the presence of axial compression force. Such amplification can be accounted
for by a variety of means and these are now considered in relation to braced and sway members.
Braced Member - the member is braced such that its ends cannot move relative to one another.
If a first order elastic analysis is conducted then b (Clause 4.4.2.2 of AS 4100) must be used to amplify
the design action effects between the ends of the member. However, when the moment amplification
factor is greater than 1.4, a second order elastic analysis must be carried out (see Appendix E of AS
4100).
D7-2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
If an appropriate second order elastic analysis is carried out, such that the design action effects at sufficient
number of locations between the ends of the member are determined, then there is no need to modify the
design action effects in the member using b.
The moment amplification factor (b) must be calculated using the procedure shown in Figure D7.3(1).
Sway Member - the ends of the member are permitted to move relative to one another.
If a first order elastic analysis is carried out then the design action effects must be modified using the
moment amplification factor (m), which is the greater of b and s (see Clause 4.4.2.3 of AS 4100).
However, when the moment amplification factor is greater than 1.4, a second order elastic analysis must
be carried out (see Appendix E of AS 4100).
If an appropriate second order elastic analysis is carried out, such that the design action effects at a
sufficient number of locations along the length of the member are determined, then there is no need to
modify the design action effects using m. If this is not the situation, then the design action effects obtained
from the second order elastic analysis may need to be modified using b, as described in Appendix E of
AS 4100.
The moment amplification factors (b and s) must be calculated using the procedure shown in Figures
D7.3(1) and D7.3(2).
D7.3.1 Values of cm
The value of cm is specified in Clause 4.4.2.2 of AS 4100 as:
cm = 0.6 - 0.4 m 1.0
where m is the ratio of the smaller to the larger bending moments at the ends of the member, taken as
positive when the member is bent in reverse curvature. Where the member is subjected to transverse
loading, m may be taken as described in Clauses 4.4.2.2(a), (b) and (c) of AS 4100. Table D7.3.1 gives
values of cm for a range of m values for single and reverse curvature bending.
D7.3.2 Elastic Buckling Load

Values of elastic buckling load (Nom) for various effective lengths (Le) are given in Tables D7.3.2-1 to
D7.3.2-4. Nom values are determined in accordance with Clause 4.6.2 of AS 4100 as:
2 EI
Nom =
where E =
I =
ke L =
bk L g
200 x 103 MPa

second moment of area
effective length (Section 5.4 of these tables)
"Nom x-axis" indicates Nom for the member buckling about the x-axis. "Nom y-axis" indicates Nom for the
member buckling about the y-axis.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-3
Determination of b
Members with Idealised

End Restraints;
Clause 4.6.3.2 of
AS 4100
Members in Frames;
Clause 4.6.3.3 of
AS 4100
Calculate Member
Effective Length keL;
Figure 4.6.3.2 of AS 4100
or Table D5.4 of this
publication
Calculate Member
Clauses 4.6.3.3, 4.6.3.4
and Figure 4.6.3.3(a) of
AS 4100
Compute Nomb from

Clause 4.6.2 of AS 4100
or Tables D7.3.2-1 to
D7.3.2-4 of this
publication
Compute cm from Clause

4.6.2.2 of AS 4100 or
Table D7.3.1 of this
publication
b =
cm
1
F
N* I
1- G
H N JK
omb
Figure D7.3(1): Flow Chart for Determination of b
D7-4

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Determination of s
Members with Idealised

End Restraints;
Clause 4.6.3.2 of
AS 4100
Members in Frames;
Clause 4.6.3.3 of
AS 4100
Rectangular Frames
with Negligible Axial
Forces in the Beams;
Clause 4.4.2.3(a) of
AS4100
Calculate Member
Figure 4.6.3.2 of AS 4100
or Table D5.4 of this
publication
Calculate Member
4.6.3.3, 4.6.3.4 and
Figure 4.6.3.3(b) of
AS 4100
Compute Nomb from

Clause 4.6.2 of AS 4100 or
Tables D7.3.2-1 to
D7.3.2-4 of this
publication
Non-Rectangular
Frames; Clause
4.4.2.3(b) of
AS4100
P-
Analysis;
Clause 4.4.2.3(a)(i)
of AS 4100
s =
1-
FG
Hh
s
s
N *
V *
IJ
K
Calculate c
from Rational
Buckling
Analysis
s =
1-
FG 1 IJ
H K
c
Compute ms from
Clause 4.7.2.2 of AS
4100
s =
1
1
1
ms
Figure D7.3(2): Flow Chart for Determination of s
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-5
Table D7.3.1: Values of cm for Braced Members
cm
cm
cm
cm
-1.00
1.00
-0.50
0.80
+0.05
0.58
+0.55
0.38
-0.95
0.98
-0.45
0.78
+0.10
0.56
+0.60
0.36
-0.90
0.96
-0.40
0.76
+0.15
0.54
+0.65
0.34
-0.85
0.94
-0.35
0.74
+0.20
0.52
+0.70
0.32
-0.80
0.92
-0.30
0.72
+0.25
0.50
+0.75
0.30
-0.75
0.90
-0.25
0.70
+0.30
0.48
+0.80
0.28
-0.70
0.88
-0.20
0.68
+0.35
0.46
+0.85
0.26
-0.65
0.86
-0.15
0.66
+0.40
0.44
+0.90
0.24
-0.60
0.84
-0.10
0.64
+0.45
0.42
+0.95
0.22
-0.55
0.82
-0.05
0.62
+0.50
0.40
+1.00
0.20
0.00
0.60
m is negative for single curvature bending:
D7-6
m is positive for reverse curvature bending:

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D7.4
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION
In this section:
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
Msx =
design section moment capacity for bending about the major principal x-axis
Msy =
design section moment capacity for bending about the minor principal y-axis
N* =
N s =
design axial compressive force

design section capacity of a compression member
N cx =
design member capacity in compression, buckling about the x-axis

(see Section D5.3 and Tables D5.2-1 to D5.2-4)
N cy =
design member capacity in compression, buckling about the y-axis

(see Section D5.3 and Tables D5.2-1 to D5.2-4)
Ny the effective length factor (ke) should equal 1.0 for

In the determination of Ncx and
both braced and sway members unless a lower value is calculated for braced members.
Note:
D7.4.1 Uniaxial Bending - about the major principal x-axis

For a member subject to uniaxial bending about the major principal x-axis and axial compression, the
following condition must be satisfied:
M *x
where
min.[Mrx ; Mix ; Mox]

0.90 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
M *x =
design bending moment about the major principal x-axis
Mrx =
design section moment capacity (Ms) for bending about the major principal x-axis reduced
by axial force (see Section D7.4.1.1)
Mix =
design in-plane member moment capacity (Mi) for bending about the major principal
x-axis (see Section D7.4.1.2(a))
Mox =
design out-of-plane member moment capacity (Mo) for bending about the major principal
x-axis (see Section D7.4.1.2(b))
D 7.4.1.1 Section Capacity

The value of Mrx must be determined at all points along the member and the minimum value used to
satisfy Section D7.4.1.
Mrx
F
GH
Msx 1
N*
Ns
I
JK
Note: N * Ns
Alternatively, For RHS & SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about the x- axis, Mrx may be calculated
by one of the following:
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-7
(a)
For compression members where k f = 1.0, subject to bending

Mrx
(b)
= 1.18
F
GH
Msx 1
N*
Ns
I
JK
Msx
For compression members where k f is < 1.0, subject to bending
82 w
N*
Mrx = Msx 1
1
+
0
.
18
82 Msx
N s
wy
w = e for the element slenderness of the web
where
= d 2t
fy
250
wy = 40 for DuraGal RHS and SHS
(Table 6.2.4 of AS 4100)
D 7.4.1.2 Member Capacity

This section only applies to members analysed using an elastic method of analysis. Where there is
sufficient restraint to prevent lateral buckling, only the in-plane requirements of Sections D7.4.1.1 and
D7.4.1.2 need to be satisfied. If there is insufficient restraint to prevent lateral buckling, then both the
in-plane and out-of-plane requirements of Sections D7.4.1.1 and D7.4.1.2 need to be satisfied.
(a)
In-plane capacity
Mix
FG
H
Msx 1
N*
Ncx
IJ
K
(Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100)
Note: N * Ncx
where Ncx is determined in accordance with Clause 6.3 for buckling about the same principal axis,
with an effective length factor (kex) taken as 1.0 for braced and sway members, unless a lower value of
(kex) is calculated for braced members (Clause 4.6.3 of AS 4100)
Alternatively, For RHS & SHS to AS 1163, which are compact as defined in Clause 5.2.3 of AS 4100, and
where the form factor (kf) determined in accordance with Clause 6.2.2 is unity, Mix may be calculated as
per Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100.
3
1 + m 3
N *
N*
1 + m
+
1
18
Mix = Msx 1
.
1
1
Ncx M rx
2
2 Ncx

Where
Mrx
D7-8
the ratio of the smaller to the larger end bearing moment, taken as positive when the member is
bent in reverse curvature for members without transverse load, or

the value determined in accordance with Clause 4.4.2.2 of AS 4100 for members with transverse
load.
the nominal section moment capacity about the appropriate principal axis determined in accordance
with Clause 8.3 of AS 4100.

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
(b)
Out-of-plane capacity
Mox
where Mbx =
Note:
N*
Mbx 1
Ncy
(Clause 8.4.4.1 of AS 4100)
design member moment capacity for bending about the major principal x-axis
N * Ncy
D7.4.2 Uniaxial Bending - about the minor principal y-axis

For a member subject to uniaxial bending about the minor principal y-axis and axial compression, the
following condition must be satisfied:
M *y min.[Mry ; Miy ]
where M *y =
design bending moment about the minor principal y-axis

0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
Mry =
design section moment capacity (Ms) about the minor principal y-axis reduced by axial
force (see Section D7.4.2.1)
Miy =
nominal in-plane member moment capacity (Mi) about the minor principal y-axis (see
Section D7.4.2.2)

The value of Mry must be determined at all points along the member and the minimum value is used to
F
GH
Mry = Msy 1
N*
Ns
I
JK
Note: N * Ns
Alternatively, for RHS and SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about the y-axis subject to bending and
compression:
N*
Mry = 118
. Msy 1
Msy
N s
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-9
D7.4.2.2
Member Capacity
This section applies only to members analysed using an elastic method of analysis. For bending about
the minor principal y-axis only the in-plane requirements need to be satisfied.
In-plane capacity
Miy
N*
Msy 1
N cy
(Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100)
Note: N * Ncy
Ncy is determined in accordance with Clause 6.3 for buckling about the same principal axis,
with an effective length factor (key) taken as 1.0 for braced and sway members, unless a
lower value of (key) is calculated for braced members (refer 4.6.3 of AS 4100)
where
Alternatively, For RHS & SHS to AS 1163, which are compact as defined in Clause 5.2.3 of AS 4100, and
where the form factor (kf) determined in accordance with Clause 6.2.2 is unity, Miy may be calculated as
per Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100.
3
1 + my 3
N*
N *
1 + my
+
Miy = Msy 1
1
1
.
18
1

2 Ncy M ry
2 Ncy
Where
m
the ratio of the smaller to the larger end bearing moment, taken as positive when the member is
bent in reverse curvature for members without transverse load, or
the value determined in accordance with Clause 4.4.2.2 of AS 4100 for members with transverse
load.
Mry
the nominal section moment capacity about the appropriate principal axis determined in accordance
with Clause 8.3 of AS 4100.
D7.4.3
Biaxial Bending and Axial Compression
For a member subject to biaxial bending and axial compression, both the conditions defined in Sections
D7.4.3.1 and D7.4.3.2 must be satisfied.

N*
M *x M *y
+
+
1
Ns M sx M sy
Alternatively, for RHS and SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about both the x- and y- axes:
M x* M y*
1
+
Mrx Mry
where
N*
= 1.4 +
2.0
N s
where
Mrx and Mry are calculated in accordance with Clauses 8.3.2 and 8.3.3 of AS 4100
D7-10

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
M x*
Mcx
where
M *x =
Mcx =
1. 4
M y*
+
Miy
1. 4
(Clause 8.4.5.1 of AS 4100)

lesser of the design in-plane member moment capacity (Mix) and the design out-ofplane member moment capacity (Mox) for bending about the major principal x-axis,
determined in accordance with Sections D7.4.1.2(a) and (b) respectively
M *y =
Miy =
design in-plane member moment capacity determined in accordance with Section D7.4.2.2
Note: M *x Mcx
M *y Miy
D7.5
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL TENSION
In this section:
0.9 (Table D3.4 of AS 4100)
Msx =
design section moment capacity for bending about the major principal x-axis (see Section
3.2.3 and Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4)
Msy =
design section moment capacity for bending about the minor principal y-axis(see Section
3.2.3 and Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4)
N* =
design axial compressive force
Nt =
design member capacity in tension (see Section D6.2 and Tables D6.1-1 to D6.1-4)
D7.5.1 Uniaxial Bending - about the major principal x-axis

For a member subject to uniaxial bending about the major principal x-axis and axial tension, the following
condition must be satisfied:
M *x min.[Mrx ; Mox]
where
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
M *x =
Mrx =
design section moment capacity (Ms) for bending about the major principal x-axis reduced
by axial force (see section D7.5.1.1)
Mox =
design out-of-plane member moment capacity (Mo) for bending about the major principal
x-axis(see section D7.5.1.2)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-11

The value of Mrx must be determined at all points along the member and the minimum value is used to
Mrx
where N t =
FG
H
Msx 1
N*
N t
IJ
K
design section capacity in tension (see Section D3.2.1 and Tables D3.1-1 to D3.1-4)
N * Nt
Note:
Alternatively, for RHS and SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about the x-axis subject to bending and
tension:
N*
Mrx = 118
. Msx 1
Msx
Nt

This section only applies to members analysed using an elastic method of analysis. Only the out-of-plane
capacity needs to be considered.
Out-of-plane capacity
Mox = Mbx
FG1 + N * IJ
H N K
Mrx
(Clause 8.4.4.2 of AS 4100)
where Mbx =
N t =
design member moment capacity for bending about the major principal x-axis (see Section
D4.1.2 and Tables D4.1-1 to D4.1-2)
design member capacity in tension (see Section D6.2 and Tables D6.1-1 to D6.1-4)
N * Nt
Note:
D7.5.2 Uniaxial Bending - about the minor principal y-axis

For a member subject to uniaxial bending about the minor principal y-axis and axial tension, the following
condition must be satisfied:
M *y < Mry
where
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
M *y =
Mry =
design section moment capacity (Ms) for bending about the minor principal y-axis
reduced by axial force
D7-12

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

For The value of Mry must be determined at all points along the member and the following condition must
be satisfied:
Mry = Msy
FG1 N * IJ
H N K
N t =
Note:
N * Nt
Alternatively, for RHS and SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about the y-axis subject to bending and
tension:
N *
. Msy1
Mry = 118
Msy
Nt
D7.5.3
Biaxial Bending and Axial Tension
For a member subject to biaxial bending and axial tension both the conditions defined in Sections D7.5.3.1
and D7.5.3.2 must be satisfied.

N * M * x M *y
+
+
1
Nt M sx M sy
where N t =
M *x =
M *y =
Note: N *
M *x
M *y
N t
M sx
M sy
M x* M y*
1
+
Mrx Mry
where
N*
= 1.4 +
2.0
Nt
where
Mrx and Mry are calculated using the alternatives presented in Section 8.4.1.1 and 8.4.2.1 of
AS 4100.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-13
M x*
Mtx
where M *x =
Mtx =
M *y =
Mry =
Note: M *x
M *y
D7-14
1. 4
M y*
+
Mry
1. 4
(Clause 8.4.5.2 of AS 4100)

lesser of the design section moment capacity (Mrx) reduced by axial tension and the
design out-of-plane member moment capacity (Mox) for bending about the major principal
x-axis, determined in accordance with Sections D7.5.1.1 and D7.5.1.2 respectively
design section moment capacity reduced by axial tension, determined in accordance
with Section D7.5.2
M tx
Mry

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D7.6
BIAXIAL BENDING
For a member subject to biaxial bending without any axial force both the conditions defined in Sections
D7.6.1 and D7.6.2 must be satisfied.
D7.6.1 Section Capacity

M y*
M x*
+
1.0
Msx Msy
where M *x =
Msx =
M *y =
Msy =
Note: M *x
M *y

0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
M sx
M sy
M x*
Msx
1. 4
M y*
+
Msy
1. 4
D7.6.2 Member Capacity
FG M * IJ
H M K
x
bx
where M *x =
Mbx =
M *y =
Msy =
Note: M *x
M *y
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
1.4
F M* I
GH M JK
y
1.4
sy

0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)
Mbx
M sy

D7-15
D7.7
EXAMPLES
Exampe A. Braced Beam Column

Design Data:
Section:
125 x 75 x 4.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 steel
Effective lengths:
Flexural buckling (x-axis) = 4.0 m

Flexural buckling (y-axis) = 4.0 m
1.
The purpose of this example is to illustrate the calculation of design moments using the amplification
factor (b). This factor is relevant for calculating the design moments as the member is braced
against sway.
Solution:
N* =
40 kN
Nombx =
377 kN
from Table D7.3.2-1(1)(A) for Lex = 4.0 m
Nomby =
171 kN
from Table D7.3.2-1(1)(B) for Ley = 4.0 m
M *x =
15 kNm
maximum at End A
M *y =
2.0 kNm
maximum at Ends A and B
mx =
my
-1
cmx =
0.60
from Table D7.3.1 for mx = 0
cmy =
1.00
from Table D7.3.1 for my = -1.0
D7-16

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
From Figure D7.3(1) the moment amplification factor (b) is given by:
b =
Cm
1.0
N*
1
Nomb
Considering flexural buckling about x-axis:
bx =
0.671
Maximum moment occurs at the ends, ie. at End A
M*x =
15 kNm
Considering flexural buckling about y-axis:
by =
1.31
Maximum moment occurs between the ends, ie. in the span
M*y =
=
1.31 x 2.0
2.62 kNm
2.
(< 1)
(> 1 and < 1.4)
Considering further Example 1 (Section D7.7), the adequacy of the member under the calculated
design action effects is now checked as required by Clauses 8.3 and 8.4 of AS 4100.
Design Data:
Section:
125 x 75 x 4.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0
Effective lengths:
Flexural buckling (x-axis)
4.0 m
Flexural buckling (y-axis)
4.0 m
Lateral buckling
6.0 m
Design action effects:
N* =
40 kN
M *x = 15 kNm
M *y =
Solution:
(i)
2.62 kNm
The example involves biaxial bending and axial compression as defined in Section D7.4.3
of these Tables.
Section Capacity Check (Section D7.4.3.1)

From Table D3.1-1 we obtain:
N s = 600 kN
Msx = 24.4 kNm
Msy = 15.1 kNm
Thus,
N*
M *x M *y
40
15
2.62
+
+
=
+
+
Ns M sx M sy 600 24.4 15.1
= 0.855 (< 1.0 O.K.)

Note: This interaction formula was used as the section in this example is non-compact about the principal
y- axis.
For RHS and SHS to AS 1163, which are compact about both the x- and y- axes, as defined by Clause
5.2.2 of AS 4100, the interaction equation given in section D7.4.3.1 should be used .
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-17
(ii)
Member Capacity Check (Section D7.4.3.2)
FG M * IJ
H M K
1.4
cx
FM* I
+G
H M JK
1.4
iy
From the Tables we obtain:
Calculate,
N cx =
285 kN
(Table D5.2-1(1)(A))
N cy =
142 kN
(Table D5.2-1(1)(B))
Mbx =
24.4 kNm
(Table D4.1-1(1))
Msy =
15.1 kNm
(Table D3.1-1)
Mcx =
lesser of
(Mix, M ox)
Mix
(a)
M ox
(b)
Msx
FG1 N * IJ
H N K
FG1 40 IJ
H 285 K
(Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100)
cx
24.4
21.0 kNm
Mbx
F1 N * I
GH N JK
cy
(Clause 8.4.4.1 of AS 4100)
Although m is given as 1.75 in Table 5.6.1 of AS 4100, m s Msx must be less than or equal to Msx,
therefore:
therefore:
M bx =
m s Msx Msx
s =
1.0 (Le (lateral buckling) < FLR ie, 6 < 7.08 - Table D4.1-1(1))
m =
1.0 (Msx = Mbx)
M ox =
1.0 x 24.4
17.5 kNm
FG1 40 IJ
H 142K
M cx =
=
lesser of (21.0 kNm, 17.5 kNm)

17.5 kNm
M iy =
Msy
F1 N * I
GH N JK
FG1 40 IJ
H 142 K
cy
15.1
10.8 kNm
FG M * IJ + F M * I = FG 15 IJ + FG 2.62IJ
H M K GH M JK H 17.5 K H 10.8K
1.4
14
.
Thus:
cx
iy
14
.
= 0.944
D7-18
1.4
(<1.0 O.K.)

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D7.7
EXAMPLES
Example 2.0 Braced Beam Column

Design Data:
Section:
Effective lengths:
Flexural buckling (x-axis) = 4.0 m

Flexural buckling (y-axis) = 4.0 m
Lateral buckling
= 6.0 m
(1).
The purpose of this second example is to illustrate the calculation of design moments using the
amplification factor (b), and the alternative methods for calculating Member and Section capacities
for Compact Sections as described in Sections D7.4.3.1 and D7.4.3.2. This factor is relevant for
calculating the design moments as the member is braced against sway.
Solution:
N* =
50 kN
Nombx =
513 kN
from Table D7.3.2-1(1)(A) for Lex = 4.0 m
Nomby =
231 kN
from Table D7.3.2-1(1)(B) for Ley = 4.0 m
M *x =
22 kNm
maximum at End A
M *y =
4.0 kNm
maximum at Ends A and B
mx =
my
= -1
cmx =
0.60
from Table D7.3.1 for mx = 0
cmy =
1.00
from Table D7.3.1 for my = -1.0
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-19
From Figure D7.3(1) the moment amplification factor (b) is given by:
b =
Cm
1.0
N*
1
Nomb
Considering flexural buckling about x-axis:
bx =
0.665
Maximum moment occurs at the ends, ie. at End A
M*x =
22 kNm
Considering flexural buckling about y-axis:
by =
1.28
Maximum moment occurs between the ends, ie. in the span
M*y =
=
1.28 x 4.0
5.12 kNm
(2).
(< 1)
(> 1 and < 1.4)
Considering further Example 1 (Section D7.7), the adequacy of the member under the calculated
design action effects is now checked as required by Clauses 8.3 and 8.4 of AS 4100.
Design Data:
Section:
125 x 75 x 6.0 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 steel
Effective lengths:
Flexural buckling (x-axis)
4.0 m
Flexural buckling (y-axis)
4.0 m
Lateral buckling
6.0 m
Design action effects:
N* =
50 kN
M *x = 22 kNm
M *y =
Solution:
(i)
5.12 kNm
The example involves biaxial bending and axial compression as defined in Section D7.4.3
of these Tables.
Section Capacity Check (Section D7.4.3.1)

From Table D3.1-1 we obtain:
N s = 864 kN
Msx = 34.1 kNm
Msy = 23.9 kNm
As 127 x 75 x 6.0 DuraGal RHS is compact about the x- and y- axis, and kf = 1.0
Then
M x* M y*
1
+
Mrx Mry
(Clause 8.3.4 of AS AS 4100)
where
N*
= 1.4 +
2.0
Nt
D7-20

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Then
N*
Mrx = 118
. Msx 1
Msx
N s
50
34.1
Mrx = 118
. 34.11
864
= 34.1 kNm
and
N*
Mry = 118
. Msy 1
Msy
N s
50
23.9
Mry = 118
. 23.91
864
= 23.9 kNm
Then
50
2.0
= 1.4 +
864
22
34.1
1. 46
.
510
+
23.9
= 1.46
1. 46
= 0.633 < 1.0

Member Capacity Check (Section D7.4.3.2)
From the Tables we obtain:
Calculate,
N cx =
392 kN
(Table D5.2-1(1)(A))
N cy =
193 kN
(Table D5.2-1(1)(B))
M bx =
34.1 kNm
(Table D4.1-1(1))
Mcx =
lesser of
(Mix, Mox)
(a) (Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100)

3
1 + m 3
N *
N*
1 + m
1
1
18
Mix = Msx 1
.
1
Ncx M rx
2 Ncx
3
3
1 + 0
50
1 + 0 1 50 34.1kNm
1
+
Mix = 34.11
118
.
2 392
2 392
Mix = 30.7 kNm Mrx = 34.1kNm
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-21
F1 N * I
GH N JK
Mox =Mbx
(b)
(Clause 8.4.4.1 of AS 4100)
cy
50
Mox = 34.11
193
= 25.3 kNm
therefore:
lesser of (Mix, Mox)
Mcx =
=
25.3 kNm
(Clause 8.4.2.2 of AS 4100)
3
1 + my 3
N*
N *
1 + my
+
Miy = Msy 1
1
1
.
18
1

2 Ncy M ry
2 Ncy
3
3
1 + ( 1)
50
1 + ( 1) 1 50 17.7kNm
1
+
118
Miy = 23.91
2 193
2 193
Miy = 17.7 kNm Mry =
23.9 kNm
Then
M x*
Mcx
22
25.3
1. 4
1. 4
M y*
+
Miy
.
512
+
17.7
= 0.998 < 1
D7-22
1. 4
1
(Clause 8.4.5.1 of AS 4100)
1. 4
Therefore OK

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D7.3.2-1(1)(A)
ELASTIC BUCKLING LOADS

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
Elastic Buckling Loads Nom (MN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
9.99
8.77
7.37
5.89
5.02
4.10
4.44
3.90
3.28
2.62
2.23
1.82
2.50
2.19
1.84
1.47
1.25
1.02
1.60
1.40
1.18
0.943
0.802
0.655
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
8.21
7.19
6.03
4.79
4.08
3.33
3.65
3.19
2.68
2.13
1.81
1.48
2.05
1.80
1.51
1.20
1.02
0.832
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
3.37
3.02
2.58
2.33
2.10
1.80
1.48
1.21
1.50
1.34
1.15
1.04
0.934
0.800
0.658
0.538
0.844
0.754
0.645
0.583
0.525
0.450
0.370
0.302
Note:
1.
Nom = 2 EI / Le2 (Clause 4.6.2 of AS 4100)
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
1.11
0.974
0.819
0.655
0.557
0.455
0.815
0.716
0.602
0.481
0.409
0.334
0.624
0.548
0.461
0.368
0.313
0.256
0.399
0.351
0.295
0.236
0.201
0.164
0.277
0.244
0.205
0.164
0.139
0.114
1.31
1.15
0.964
0.767
0.652
0.532
0.913
0.798
0.670
0.533
0.453
0.370
0.671
0.587
0.492
0.391
0.333
0.272
0.513
0.449
0.377
0.300
0.255
0.208
0.329
0.287
0.241
0.192
0.163
0.133
0.540
0.483
0.413
0.373
0.336
0.288
0.237
0.194
0.375
0.335
0.287
0.259
0.233
0.200
0.164
0.134
0.275
0.246
0.211
0.190
0.172
0.147
0.121
0.0988
0.211
0.188
0.161
0.146
0.131
0.113
0.0925
0.0756
0.135
0.121
0.103
0.0933
0.0841
0.0720
0.0592
0.0484
7.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.204
0.179
0.151
0.120
0.102
0.0836
0.156
0.137
0.115
0.0921
0.0784
0.0640
0.0999
0.0877
0.0737
0.0589
0.0502
0.0410
0.0694
0.0609
0.0512
0.0409
0.0348
0.0284
0.228
0.200
0.167
0.133
0.113
0.0924
0.168
0.147
0.123
0.0978
0.0832
0.0679
0.128
0.112
0.0942
0.0749
0.0637
0.0520
0.0821
0.0719
0.0603
0.0479
0.0408
0.0333
0.0570
0.0499
0.0419
0.0333
0.0283
0.0231
0.0937
0.0838
0.0717
0.0648
0.0584
0.0500
0.0411
0.0336
0.0689
0.0615
0.0526
0.0476
0.0429
0.0367
0.0302
0.0247
0.0527
0.0471
0.0403
0.0364
0.0328
0.0281
0.0231
0.0189
0.0337
0.0302
0.0258
0.0233
0.0210
0.0180
0.0148
0.0121
0.0234
0.0209
0.0179
0.0162
0.0146
0.0125
0.0103
0.00840
D7-23
D7-24
TABLE D7.3.2-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
Elastic Buckling Loads Nom (kN)
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
54000
48300
41300
37300
33600
28800
23700
19400
13500
12100
10300
9330
8410
7200
5920
4840
6000
5360
4590
4140
3740
3200
2630
2150
3370
3020
2580
2330
2100
1800
1480
1210
2160
1930
1650
1490
1340
1150
947
774
1500
1340
1150
1040
934
800
658
538
1100
985
842
761
686
588
483
395
844
754
645
583
525
450
370
302
540
483
413
373
336
288
237
194
375
335
287
259
233
200
164
134
275
246
211
190
172
147
121
98.9
211
188
161
146
131
113
92.5
75.6
135
121
103
93.3
84.1
72.0
59.2
48.4
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
25300
22900
19900
16500
14200
11700
9640
6320
5730
4970
4120
3550
2930
2410
2810
2550
2210
1830
1580
1300
1070
1580
1430
1240
1030
887
734
602
1010
917
796
659
568
469
385
702
637
553
458
394
326
268
516
468
406
336
290
240
197
395
358
311
257
222
183
151
253
229
199
165
142
117
96.4
175
159
138
114
98.6
81.5
66.9
129
117
102
84.1
72.4
59.9
49.2
98.7
89.6
77.7
64.4
55.5
45.8
37.6
63.2
57.3
49.7
41.2
35.5
29.3
24.1
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
9010
7530
6230
2250
1880
1560
1000
836
693
563
471
390
360
301
249
250
209
173
184
154
127
141
118
97.4
90.1
75.3
62.3
62.5
52.3
43.3
46.0
38.4
31.8
35.2
29.4
24.3
22.5
18.8
15.6
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
10400
8880
7720
6440
2590
2220
1930
1610
1150
986
858
716
648
555
483
403
415
355
309
258
288
247
214
179
212
181
158
131
162
139
121
101
104
88.8
77.2
64.4
72.0
61.6
53.6
44.7
52.9
45.3
39.4
32.9
40.5
34.7
30.2
25.2
25.9
22.2
19.3
16.1
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
3530
3120
2650
2220
882
781
662
554
392
347
294
246
221
195
165
139
141
125
106
88.7
98.0
86.7
73.5
61.6
72.0
63.7
54.0
45.2
55.1
48.8
41.4
34.6
35.3
31.2
26.5
22.2
24.5
21.7
18.4
15.4
18.0
15.9
13.5
11.3
13.8
12.2
10.3
8.66
8.82
7.81
6.62
5.54
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
3000
2680
2280
1920
751
669
571
480
334
297
254
213
188
167
143
120
120
107
91.3
76.8
83.5
74.4
63.4
53.3
61.3
54.6
46.6
39.2
46.9
41.8
35.7
30.0
30.0
26.8
22.8
19.2
20.9
18.6
15.9
13.3
15.3
13.7
11.7
9.80
11.7
10.5
8.92
7.50
7.51
6.69
5.71
4.80
Note:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D7.3.2-1(1)(B)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.5
1.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
6.79
6.04
5.16
4.16
3.57
2.94
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2 5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
Note:
1.
1.5
2.0
2.5
1.70
1.51
1.29
1.04
0.892
0.734
0.754
0.671
0.573
0.462
0.396
0.326
0.424
0.378
0.322
0.260
0.223
0.184
0.272
0.242
0.206
0.166
0.143
0.117
0.189
0.168
0.143
0.115
0.0991
0.0816
14.8
13.0
11.0
8.73
7.44
6.09
3.70
3.25
2.74
2.18
1.86
1.52
1.64
1.44
1.22
0.970
0.827
0.677
0.925
0.812
0.684
0.545
0.465
0.381
0.592
0.520
0.438
0.349
0.298
0.244
4.48
4.04
3.48
3.16
2.85
2.45
2.03
1.66
1.12
1.01
0.870
0.790
0.712
0.613
0.507
0.416
0.498
0.448
0.387
0.351
0.316
0.272
0.225
0.185
0.280
0.252
0.218
0.197
0.178
0.153
0.127
0.104
0.179
0.161
0.139
0.126
0.114
0.0981
0.0811
0.0666
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
0.139
0.123
0.105
0.0848
0.0728
0.0559
0.106
0.0944
0.0806
0.0650
0.0557
0.0459
0.0679
0.0604
0.0516
0.0416
0.0357
0.0294
0.0471
0.0420
0.0358
0.0289
0.0248
0.0204
0.0346
0.0308
0.0263
0.0212
0.0182
0.0150
0.0265
0.0236
0.0201
0.0162
0.0139
0.0115
0.0170
0.0151
0.0129
0.0104
0.00892
0.00734
0.411
0.361
0.304
0.242
0.207
0.169
0.302
0.265
0.224
0.178
0.152
0.124
0.231
0.203
0.171
0.136
0.116
0.0952
0.148
0.130
0.110
0.0873
0.0744
0.0609
0.103
0.0903
0.0761
0.0606
0.0517
0.0423
0.0755
0.0663
0.0559
0.0445
0.0380
0.0311
0.0578
0.0508
0.0428
0.0341
0.0291
0.0238
0.0370
0.0325
0.0274
0.0218
0.0186
0.0152
0.124
0.112
0.0967
0.0878
0.0791
0.0681
0.0563
0.0462
0.0914
0.0824
0.0710
0.0645
0.0581
0.0500
0.0414
0.0340
0.0700
0.0631
0.0544
0.0494
0.0445
0.0383
0.0317
0.0260
0.0448
0.0404
0.0348
0.0316
0.0285
0.0245
0.0203
0.0166
0.0311
0.0280
0.0242
0.0219
0.0198
0.0170
0.0141
0.0116
0.0229
0.0206
0.0178
0.0161
0.0145
0.0125
0.0103
0.00849
0.0175
0.0158
0.0136
0.0123
0.0111
0.00958
0.00792
0.00650
0.0112
0.0101
0.00870
0.00790
0.00712
0.00613
0.00507
0.00416
D7-25
D7-26
TABLE D7.3.1(2)(B)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
17900
16100
13900
12600
11400
9810
8110
6660
4480
4040
3480
3160
2850
2450
2030
1660
1990
1790
1550
1400
1270
1090
901
740
1120
1010
870
790
712
613
507
416
717
646
557
506
456
392
324
266
498
448
387
351
316
272
225
185
366
329
284
258
232
200
165
136
280
252
218
197
178
153
127
104
179
161
139
126
114
98.1
81.1
66.6
124
112
96.7
87.8
79.1
68.1
56.3
46.2
91.4
82.4
71.0
64.5
58.1
50.0
41.4
34.0
70.0
63.1
54.4
49.4
44.5
38.3
31.7
26.0
44.8
40.4
34.8
31.6
28.5
24.5
20.3
16.6
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
13300
12100
10600
8770
7580
6290
5180
3330
3030
2640
2190
1900
1570
1290
1480
1350
1170
974
842
699
575
832
758
661
548
474
393
324
532
485
423
351
303
252
207
370
337
294
244
211
175
144
272
248
216
179
155
128
106
208
189
165
137
118
98.3
80.9
133
121
106
87.7
75.8
62.9
51.8
92.4
84.2
73.4
60.9
52.6
43.7
36.0
67.9
61.9
53.9
44.7
38.7
32.1
26.4
52.0
47.4
41.3
34.3
29.6
24.6
20.2
33.3
30.3
26.4
21.9
19.0
15.7
12.9
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
1540
1310
1100
384
326
274
171
145
122
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
3890
3340
2920
2460
972
835
731
614
432
371
325
273
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
1160
1040
887
749
290
259
222
187
129
115
98.6
83.2
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
670
607
527
449
168
152
132
112
74.5
67.5
58.5
49.9
Note:
1.
96.1
81.6
68.5
61.5
52.2
43.8
42.7
36.3
30.4
31.4
26.7
22.4
24.0
20.4
17.1
15.4
13.1
11.0
10.7
9.07
7.61
155
134
117
98.3
108
92.7
81.2
68.2
79.3
68.1
59.7
50.1
60.7
52.2
45.7
38.4
38.9
33.4
29.2
24.6
27.0
23.2
20.3
17.1
72.4
64.7
55.5
46.8
46.3
41.4
35.5
30.0
32.2
28.8
24.6
20.8
23.6
21.1
18.1
15.3
18.1
16.2
13.9
11.7
11.6
10.4
8.87
7.49
8.04
7.19
6.16
5.20
41.9
37.9
32.9
28.1
26.8
24.3
21.1
18.0
18.6
16.9
14.6
12.5
13.7
12.4
10.8
9.17
10.5
9.49
8.23
7.02
6.70
6.07
5.27
4.49
4.66
4.22
3.66
3.12
243
209
183
154
7.84
6.66
5.59
6.00
5.10
4.28
3.84
3.26
2.74
15.2
13.0
11.4
9.60
9.72
8.35
7.31
6.14
5.91
5.28
4.53
3.82
4.52
4.04
3.47
2.93
2.90
2.59
2.22
1.87
3.42
3.10
2.69
2.29
2.62
2.37
2.06
1.75
1.68
1.52
1.32
1.12
19.8
17.0
14.9
12.5

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

TABLE D7.3.2-2(A)
Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0 .5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
180
151

125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
72200
60500
18000
15100
8020
6720
4510
3780
2890
2420
2000
1680
1470
1230
1130
945
722
605
501
420
368
309
282
236
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
31700
26800
7930
6700
3530
2980
1980
1670
1270
1070
881
744
648
547
496
419
317
268
220
186
162
137
124
105
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
15600
13200
3900
3310
1730
1470
974
827
623
529
433
368
318
270
244
207
156
132
108
91.9
79.5
67.5
60.9
51.7
39.0
33.1
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
8430
7230
2110
1810
937
803
527
452
337
289
234
201
172
147
132
113
84.3
72.3
58.5
50.2
43.0
36.9
32.9
28.2
21.1
18.1
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
3370
2940
844
735
375
327
211
184
135
118
93.7
81.7
68.9
60.0
52.7
46.0
33.7
29.4
23.4
20.4
17.2
15.0
13.2
11.5
8.44
7.35
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
2880
2530
720
632
320
281
180
158
115
101
80.0
70.2
58.8
51.6
45.0
39.5
28.8
25.3
20.0
17.6
14.7
12.9
11.3
9.87
7.20
6.32
Note:
1.
Designation
d
TABLE D7.3.2-2(B)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
79.3
67.0
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0 .5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
228
192
168
141
128
108
82.2
69.1
D7-27
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
32900
27600
8220
6910
3650
3070
2060
1730
1320
1110
913
768
671
564
514
432
329
276
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
10800
9140
2690
2290
1200
1020
673
571
431
366
299
254
220
187
168
143
108
91.4
74.8
63.5
55.0
46.7
42.1
35.7
26.9
22.9
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
8310
7080
2080
1770
923
786
519
442
332
283
231
197
169
144
130
111
83.1
70.8
57.7
49.1
42.4
36.1
32.4
27.6
20.8
17.7
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
3180
2740
795
686
353
305
199
171
127
110
22.1
19.1
16.2
14.0
12.4
10.7
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
1110
979
278
245
124
109
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
647
577
162
144
Note:
1.
71.9
64.1
88.3
76.2
64.9
56.0
49.7
42.9
31.8
27.4
7.95
6.86
69.5
61.2
44.5
39.2
30.9
27.2
22.7
20.0
17.4
15.3
11.1
9.79
7.72
6.80
5.67
5.00
4.34
3.83
2.78
2.45
40.4
36.1
25.9
23.1
18.0
16.0
13.2
11.8
10.1
9.02
6.47
5.77
4.49
4.01
3.30
2.94
2.53
2.25
1.62
1.44
D7-28
TABLE D7.3.2-3(1)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS

5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
5.99
5.24
4.40
3.49
2.97
2.43
2.66
2.33
1.96
1.55
1.32
1.08
1.50
1.31
1.10
0.874
0.743
0.607
0.959
0.839
0.704
0.559
0.476
0.388
0.666
0.583
0.489
0.388
0.330
0.270
0.489
0.428
0.359
0.285
0.243
0.198
0.375
0.328
0.275
0.218
0.186
0.152
0.240
0.210
0.176
0.140
0.119
0.0971
0.167
0.146
0.122
0.0971
0.0826
0.0674
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
2.51
2.14
1.75
1.43
1.12
0.952
0.780
0.635
0.628
0.536
0.439
0.357
0.402
0.343
0.281
0.229
0.279
0.238
0.195
0.159
0.205
0.175
0.143
0.117
0.157
0.134
0.110
0.839
0.100
0.0857
0.0702
0.0572
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
14.6
12.5
9.06
4.06
3.58
2.71
1.80
1.59
1.21
1.01
0.894
0.678
0.649
0.572
0.434
0.451
0.379
0.301
0.331
0.292
0.221
0.254
0.223
0.170
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
2.29
2.04
1.74
1.57
1.41
1.21
0.997
1.02
0.906
0.774
0.699
0.628
0.539
0.443
0.571
0.510
0.435
0.393
0.353
0.303
0.249
0.366
0.326
0.279
0.252
0.226
0.194
0.159
0.254
0.227
0.194
0.175
0.157
0.135
0.111
0.187
0.166
0.142
0.128
0.115
0.0989
0.0814
0.143
0.127
0.109
0.0984
0.0884
0.0757
0.0623
Note:
1.
7.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.122
0.107
0.0898
0.0713
0.0607
0.0496
0.0937
0.0819
0.0687
0.0546
0.0465
0.0379
0.0599
0.0524
0.0440
0.0349
0.0297
0.0243
0.0416
0.0364
0.0306
0.0243
0.0206
0.0169
0.0698
0.0595
0.0487
0.0397
0.0513
0.0437
0.0358
0.0292
0.0393
0.0335
0.0274
0.0223
0.0251
0.0214
0.0175
0.0143
0.0174
0.0149
0.0122
0.00992
0.162
0.143
0.109
0.113
0.0993
0.0754
0.0828
0.0730
0.0554
0.0634
0.0559
0.0424
0.0406
0.0358
0.0271
0.0282
0.0248
0.0188
0.0914
0.0815
0.0697
0.0629
0.0565
0.0485
0.0399
0.0635
0.0566
0.0484
0.0437
0.0393
0.0337
0.0277
0.0466
0.0416
0.0355
0.0321
0.0289
0.0247
0.0203
0.0357
0.0319
0.0272
0.0246
0.0221
0.0189
0.0156
0.0229
0.0204
0.0174
0.0157
0.0141
0.0121
0.00997
0.0159
0.0142
0.0121
0.0109
0.00982
0.00841
0.00692
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D7.3.2-3(2)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d

D7-29
mm mm mm
kg/m
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
Note:
Mass
per m
1.
0.0
0.25
36600
32600
27900
25200
22600
19400
15900
22300
20200
17400
14300
12400
10200
8370
8110
7220
6150
5350
4470
3700
3320
2940
2590
2190
1830
1880
1670
1420
1200
860
729
534
469
403
192
0.5
9140
8150
6970
6290
5650
4850
3990
5580
5040
4360
3590
3090
2550
2090
2030
1810
1540
1340
1120
924
831
736
649
548
458
470
418
356
299
215
182
133
117
101
48.0
0.75
4060
3620
3100
2800
2510
2150
1770
2480
2240
1940
1590
1370
1130
931
902
803
683
595
496
411
369
327
288
244
203
209
186
158
133
95.5
81.0
59.3
52.1
44.7
21.3
1.0
2290
2040
1740
1570
1410
1210
997
1390
1260
1090
896
772
638
523
507
451
384
334
279
231
208
184
162
137
114
117
104
89.0
74.8
53.7
45.6
33.4
29.3
25.2
12.0
1.25
1.5
1460
1020
1300
906
1110
774
1010
699
905
628
775
539
638
443
892
620
806
560
697
484
574
398
494
343
408
283
335
233
325
225
289
201
246
171
214
149
179
124
148
103
133
92.3
118
81.8
104
72.1
87.7
60.9
73.2
50.8
75.1
52.2
66.8
46.4
56.9
39.5
47.9
33.2
34.4
23.9
29.2
20.3
21.3
14.8
18.7
13.0
16.1
11.2
7.68
5.33
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
746
666
569
514
462
396
325
455
411
356
293
252
208
171
166
147
125
109
91.2
75.4
67.8
60.1
53.0
44.7
37.3
38.3
34.1
29.1
24.4
17.5
14.9
10.9
9.56
8.22
3.92
571
510
435
393
353
303
249
349
315
272
224
193
159
131
127
113
96.1
83.6
69.8
57.8
51.9
46.0
40.5
34.2
28.6
29.4
26.1
22.2
18.7
13.4
11.4
8.34
7.32
6.29
3.00
366
326
279
252
226
194
159
223
202
174
143
124
102
83.7
81.1
72.2
61.5
53.5
44.7
37.0
33.2
29.4
25.9
21.9
18.3
18.8
16.3
14.2
12.0
8.60
7.29
5.34
4.69
4.03
1.92
254
227
194
175
157
135
111
155
140
121
99.6
85.8
70.9
58.2
56.3
50.2
42.7
37.2
31.0
25.7
23.1
20.4
18.0
15.2
12.7
13.0
11.6
9.89
8.31
5.97
5.06
3.71
3.25
2.80
1.33
187
143
166
127
142
109
128
98.4
115
88.4
98.9
75.7
81.4
62.3
114
87.1
103
78.7
88.9
68.1
73.2
56.0
63.0
48.2
52.1
39.9
42.7
32.7
41.4
31.7
36.9
28.2
31.4
24.0
27.3
20.9
22.8
17.5
18.9
14.4
17.0
13.0
15.0
11.5
13.2
10.1
11.2
8.56
9.34
7.15
9.58
7.34
8.52
6.53
7.26
5.56
6.10
4.67
4.39
3.36
3.72
2.85
2.72
2.08
2.39
1.83
2.05
1.57
0.979 0.750
5.0
91.4
81.5
69.7
62.9
56.5
48.5
39.9
55.8
50.4
43.6
35.9
30.9
25.5
20.9
20.3
18.1
15.4
13.4
11.2
9.24
8.31
7.36
6.49
5.48
4.58
4.70
4.18
3.56
2.99
2.15
1.82
1.33
1.17
1.01
0.480
D7-30
TABLE D7.3.2-4

Designation
d
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
206
172
132
110
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
52600
44100
13200
11000
5850
4900
3290
2760
2100
1770
1460
1230
1070
901
822
690
526
441
365
306
268
225
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
21400
18000
5340
4510
2370
2000
1330
1130
854
721
593
501
436
368
334
282
214
180
148
125
109
92.0
83.4
70.5
53.4
45.1
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
11500
2880
1280
719
460
320
235
180
115
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
5840
5010
1460
1250
649
557
365
313
234
200
162
139
119
102
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
2810
2440
703
610
312
271
176
152
112
97.6
78.1
67.8
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
1800
1580
450
394
200
175
112
98.5
72.0
63.1
50.0
43.8
Note:
1.
79.9
58.7
45.0
28.8
91.2
78.3
58.4
50.1
40.6
34.8
29.8
25.6
22.8
19.6
14.6
12.5
57.4
49.8
43.9
38.1
28.1
24.4
19.5
16.9
14.3
12.4
11.0
9.53
7.03
6.10
36.7
32.2
28.1
24.6
18.0
15.8
12.5
10.9
7.03
6.16
4.50
3.94
9.18
8.04
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
[ BLANK ]
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D7-31
PART 8 MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS

FOR BEAMS
8
PAGE
D8.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... D8-2
D8.2
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ D8-2
D8.2.1
Strength Limit State Design ............................................................................................ D8-2
D8.2.1.1
W *L1 - Based on Design Moment Capacity ................................................................... D8-3
D8.2.1.2
W *L2 - Based on Shear Moment Capacity ..................................................................... D8-3
D8.2.2
Serviceability Limit State Design .................................................................................... D8-4
D8.3
BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT .............................................................. D8-5
D8.4
ADDITIONAL DESIGN CHECKS ................................................................................. D8-5
D8.5
OTHER LOAD CONDITIONS ....................................................................................... D8-6
D8.6
EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................... D8-6
TABLES
Maximum Design Loads for Single Span, Simply Supported Beams
- With Full Lateral Restraint
- Deflection Limited ....................................................................................................... D8-10
Maximum Design Loads for Continuous, Two Span, Simply Supported Beams
Maximum Design Loads for Single Span, Fixed End Beams
Maximum Design Loads for Cantilever Beams

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D8-1
PART 8 MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS

FOR BEAMS
D8.1
SCOPE
PART 8 gives values of maximum design loads distributed uniformly along the length of the beam with full
lateral restraint for different beam support conditions.
Tables D8.1 for single span, simply supported beams
Tables D8.2 for continuous, two span, simply supported beams
Tables D8.3 for single span, fixed end beams
Tables D8.4 for cantilever beams
Each group of tables is separated into two series:
the (A) series (e.g. Table D8.1-1 (A)) for the strength limit state
the (B) series (e.g. Table D8.1-1 (B)) for the serviceability limit state
For each group of tables, the (A) series tables are immediately followed by the (B) series tables. The
design load (W * = total design load) is assumed to be uniformly distributed and applied through the shear
centre in the direction of the principal y-axis.
NOTE - BEAM SELF WEIGHT: For all tables, the self weight of the beam has NOT been deducted.
The designer must include the self weight as part of the dead load when determining the
maximum design load W *L or W *S.
D8.2
METHOD
The maximum design load is the lesser of the strength limit state design load given in the (A) series tables
determined in accordance with Section D8.2.1, and the serviceability limit state design load given in the
(B) series tables determined and adjusted if necessary in accordance with Section D8.2.2.
D8.2.1 Strength Limit State Design

The value of the maximum design load (W *L) given in the tables is the lesser of the maximum design load
(W *L1) associated with the design section moment capacity (Msx) and the maximum design load (W*L2)
associated with the design shear capacity (Vvx).
W *L = Min. [W *L1 ; W *L2 ]
The method is illustrated in Section D8.2.1.1 for the case of a simply supported beam.
Note:
D8-2
the interaction of shear and bending has not been included in the tables.
Vv or if M * < 0.75 Ms then no interaction check is necessary.
If V * < 0.6
Otherwise reference should be made to Section D8.4.

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
D 8.2.1.1 W * L1 - Based on Design Moment Capacity (simply supported beam)

For a beam with full lateral restraint, the design section moment capacity (Msx) is used, which for bending
about the x-axis is given by:
Msx = Zex fy
where
=
Zex =
fy =
0.9 (Table 3.4 of AS 4100)

effective section modulus (see Section D1.2.3.2)
For a simply supported beam subject to uniformly distributed loading, the maximum bending moment
(Mmax) is given by:
M max =
WL
8
where W = total uniformly distributed load

L = length of the beam
Therefore, substituting the design moment capacity (Msx) for beams with full lateral restraint for the
maximum bending moment (Mmax) and rearranging the equation gives:
Maximum Design Load (W *L1) based on the design moment capacity of the beam bending about the
x-axis
8M sx
W * L1 =
L
The equations for the other support conditions are given in Table D8.2.
D 8.2.1.2 W * L2 - Based on Design Shear Capacity (simply supported beam)

The design shear capacity (Vvx) is given in Section D4.2 of the Tables.
For a simply supported beam subject to uniformly distributed loading, the maximum shear force (Vmax) is
given by:
Vmax =
where W
W
2
total uniformly distributed load
Therefore, substituting the design shear capacity (Vvx) for the maximum shear force (Vmax) and
rearranging the equation gives:
Maximum Design Load (W *L2) based on the design bending capacity of the beam bending about the
x-axis
W *L2 = 2Vvx
The equations for the other support conditions are given in Table D8.2.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D8-3
D8.2.2 Serviceability Limit State Design

The value of serviceability load (W *S) given in the tables is the maximum design load which will achieve
a calculated total elastic deflection of L/250 (where L is the span of the beam).
For deflection limits other than span/250, the value of W *S2 for the alternative deflection limit may be
calculated from the tabulated value W *S1 using the formula:
W * S2 =
where D
250W *S1
D
the denominator value in the deflection limit incorporating the span term
(e.g. D = 500 for the L/500 deflection limit)
For sections with a high shape factor (ratio of plastic moment to the yield moment of a beam) it may be
possible for the maximum stresses in a member to reach the yield stress at serviceability loads without
exceeding the strength limit state. This will invalidate the deflection calculations based on the assumption
of elastic behaviour. However it has been found that for the hollow sections contained in these tables,
using the load factors in AS 1170 and AS 4100, the strength limit state will always be exceeded before first
yield occurs. Therefore values of the load at which first yield occurs have not been included in the tables.
The method is illustrated below for the case of a simply supported beam.
W *S1 - based on a Deflection Limit of L/250
(simply supported beam)
For a simply supported beam subject to a uniformly distributed load, the maximum deflection (max) is
given by :
5WL3
max =
384 El x
where W
total uniformly distributed load
L =
length of span
200 x 103 MPa
/x =
second moment of area about the major principal x-axis
Therefore, substituting max = L/250 and rearranging the equation gives the serviceability limit state
maximum design load (W *S):
W *S =
D8-4
384El x
1250 L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Table D8.2: Summary of Equations for Maximum Design Loads
D8.3
BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
Full lateral restraint may be achieved for a member by:

a) continuous lateral restraint, or
b) full or partial restraint provided at sufficient locations along the beam.
The distance between these locations is termed the segment length and the maximum values of segment
length to ensure full lateral restraint are tabulated for each section in the (A) series tables under the
column FLR. These values of maximum segment length are determined in accordance with the method
outlined in section D4.1.3 of these tables. FLR values are not given for SHS as they are not susceptible
to lateral buckling.
D8.4
a)
ADDITIONAL DESIGN CHECKS

Where large shear forces are coincident with large bending moments the interaction of shear and
bending may govern the design. An interaction check needs to be done if the design shear is
greater than 60% of the design shear capacity (V * > 0.6 Vv) or if M * > 0.75 Ms. However for the
case of simply supported beams with uniformly distributed loads interaction of shear and bending
will not be critical.
b)
Compressive Bearing Action

Where loads are transmitted into the webs at supports or at load points, the capacity of the web to
resist such forces should be checked in accordance with Section D4.3. Tables D4.3-1 to D4.3-4
may be used to assist with any such assessment.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D8-5
D8.5
OTHER LOAD CONDITIONS
The values given in Tables D8.1-1 to D8.1-4 are for single span, simply supported beams subject to
uniformly distributed loads. However, the information presented in these tables may be used for other
loading situations for beams with full lateral restraint and m = 1.0, using the equivalent uniform design
loads given in Table D8.5 and in conjunction with the following procedure:
1)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed maximum design load for moment (W *EM) using Table
D8.5.
2)
Based on W *EM select a section with an adequate maximum design load (W *L1) associated with
the design shear capacity from Tables D8.1-1(A) to D8.1-4(A).
3)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed maximum design load for shear (W *EV) using Table
D8.5.
4)
Check that the section selected in 2) has an adequate maximum design load (W *L2) associated
with the design shear capacity to resist W *EV. If not, select a new section size which can resist
W *EV.
5)
Check shear and bending interaction in accordance with Section D4.2.3. A check is not necessary
if the design shear is less than 60% of the design shear capacity (V * < 0.6 Vv) or if M * < 0.75 Ms.
6)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed serviceability load (W *ES) using Table D8.5.
7)
Check that the section selected in 4) has an adequate maximum serviceability design load (W *S1)
to resist W *ES. If not, select a new section size which can resist W *ES.
D8.6
1.
EXAMPLES
A simply supported beam of 4 metres is subjected to uniformly distributed loads of:

G (Dead Load) = 4 kN
(total load)
Q (Live Load) = 7 kN
(total load)
The beam has continuous lateral support. The total deflection of the beam under serviceability loads must
not exceed L/250.
Solution:
(a)
Calculation of maximum design loads:

Strength limit state
W *L = 1.25G + 1.5Q
= 15.5 kN
Serviceability limit state
W *S = G + 0.7Q
(short term live load)
= 8.90 kN
D8-6

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Table D8.5: Table of Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Loads
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D8-7
(b)
Use of the Tables:
Strength Limit State - Select a section with the least mass from the Tables such that the maximum design
loads W *L1 and W *L2 are greater than or equal to WL. It can be seen from Table D8.1-1(2)(A) that for a 100
x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0, the maximum design loads are:
W *L1 = 18.4 kN
W *L2 = 220 kN
W *L = 18.4 kN (> 15.5 kN)
Therefore, a 100 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS has adequate strength.

Serviceability Limit State - From Table D8.1-1(1)(B) it can be seen that for a 150 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS
Grade C450L0, the serviceability load is:
W *S = 9.76 kN (> 8.90 kN)
The most efficient and practical hollow sections for this application are RHS and SHS. The alternative
sections which satisfy the above strength and serviceability limit states are listed below:
100 x 100 x 5.0 DuraGal SHS Grade C450L0
mass per metre = 7.53 kg/m

mass per metre = 8.96 kg/m
mass per metre = 14.2kg/m
Therefore, based on mass, select 150 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0.
2.
A beam which is simply supported has a span of 6.0 metres with full lateral restraint. The beam is
subjected to nominal central dead and short term live loads of 1.0 kN and 2.5 kN respectively.
Design a suitable DuraGal RHS in Grade C450L0 steel with no limit on deflection.
Solution:
(i)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed maximum design load for moment (W *EM)
From Table D8.5 (W *EM) associated with the central dead and live loads is:
W *EM
(ii)
= 2P
= 2 (1.25 x 1.0 + 1.5 x 2.5)
= 10 kN
Based on W *EM select the least mass section with an adequate maximum design load (W *L1)
based on design moment capacity.
From Table D8.1-1(1)(A), a 100 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS Grade C450L0 has adequate
maximum design load (W *L1 = 12.2 kN).
(iii)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed maximum design load for shear (W *EV).
From Table D8.5 the equivalent uniform moment load is:
W *EV = P
= 1.25 x 1.0 + 1.5 x 2.5
= 5.0 kN
D8-8

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
(iv)
Check that the section selected in Step 2 has an adequate maximum design load W *L2 based
on shear capacity.
From Table D8.1-1(1)(A), a 100 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS has adequate maximum design load
(W *L2 = 220 kN).
(v)
Check if a shear and bending interaction check in accordance with Section D4.2.3 is necessary.
From Table D8.1-1(1)(A), W *L2 = 220 kN for a 100 x 50 x 2.5 DuraGal RHS.
W *L2 =
V v =
0.6 Vv
=
=
=
>
2 Vv
220
2
110 kN
0.6 x 110
66 kN
5.0 kN (V * = W *EV)
Therefore no shear and bending interaction check in accordance with Section D4.2.3 is
necessary.
(vi)
Calculate equivalent uniformly distributed serviceability load (W *ES).

From Table D8.5 W *ES for the central dead and live loads is:
W *ES =
(vii)
8P
5
8 (1.0 + 0.7 x 2.5)

5
4.4 kN
From Table D8.1-1(1)(B), a 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal RHS is the least mass section with
adequate maximum serviceability design load (W *S1 = 5.10 kN) to resist W *ES.
Adopt a 150 x 50 x 3.0 DuraGal Grade C450L0 section.
Note:
In this example the self weight of the beam is not taken into consideration. The calculation
should be repeated to include self weight if significant.
References:
[1]
Bradford, M.A., Bridge, R.Q., Trahair, N.S., Worked Examples for Steel Members, Australian Institute of
Steel Construction, 1990.
[2]
Steel Structures - Commentary (Supplement to AS 4100-1990), Standards Australia, 1990.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

D8-9
D8-10
TABLE D8.1-1(1)(A)
STRENGTH LIMIT STATE MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
Standard Thickness
W *L1 = Maximum Design Load based on Design Moment Capacity
W *L2 = Maximum Design Load based on Design Shear Capacity
Maximum Design Load W *L is LESSER of W *L1 and W *L2
Designation
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
Span of Beam (L) in metres
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
295
256
212
167
141
103
148
128
106
83.3
70.5
51.3
98.4
85.2
70.7
55.5
47.0
34.2
73.8
63.9
53.0
41.7
35.3
25.6
59.1
51.1
42.4
33.3
28.2
20.5
49.2
42.6
35.3
27.8
23.5
17.1
42.2
36.5
30.3
23.8
20.1
14.6
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
32.8
28.4
23.6
18.5
15.7
11.4
29.5
25.6
21.2
16.7
14.1
10.3
26.8
23.2
19.3
15.1
12.8
9.32
24.6
21.3
17.7
13.9
11.8
8.54
22.7
19.7
16.3
12.8
10.8
7.89
21.1
18.3
15.1
11.9
10.1
7.32
749
633
514
391
328
264
6.35
6.48
6.60
6.66
6.72
7.58
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
273
236
195
151
113
80.4
136
118
97.6
75.4
56.3
40.2
91.0
78.6
65.1
50.3
37.5
26.8
68.2
58.9
48.8
37.7
28.1
20.1
54.6
47.1
39.1
30.2
22.5
16.1
45.5
39.3
32.5
25.1
18.8
13.4
39.0
33.7
27.9
21.5
16.1
11.5
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
30.3
26.2
21.7
16.8
12.5
8.93
27.3
23.6
19.5
15.1
11.3
8.04
24.8
21.4
17.8
13.7
10.2
7.31
22.7
19.6
16.3
12.6
9.38
6.70
21.0
18.1
15.0
11.6
8.66
6.18
19.5
16.8
13.9
10.8
8.04
5.74
634
538
438
334
281
226
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.6
15.4
17.6
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
147
129
108
97.0
86.4
73.5
59.0
40.4
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
38.7
29.5
20.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
29.4
25.8
21.6
19.4
17.3
14.7
11.8
8.08
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
21.0
18.4
15.5
13.9
12.3
10.5
8.43
5.77
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
16.3
14.3
12.0
10.8
9.60
8.16
6.55
4.49
14.7
12.9
10.8
9.70
8.64
7.35
5.90
4.04
13.4
11.7
9.84
8.82
7.85
6.68
5.36
3.67
12.2
10.7
9.02
8.08
7.20
6.12
4.92
3.37
11.3
9.91
8.33
7.46
6.64
5.65
4.54
3.11
10.5
9.20
7.73
6.93
6.17
5.25
4.21
2.89
489
417
341
301
261
220
178
143
7.92
8.03
8.14
8.19
8.16
8.22
8.41
10.0
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.436 (2 E Iy G J / M2SX)0.5 (See Section D4.1.3 of these tables for explanation)

Segment length for full lateral restraint (Mbx = Msx)
0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.1-1(1)(B)
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
Standard Thickness
W *S1 = Maximum Serviceability Design Load based on Deflection Limit of SPAN / 250

Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
311
273
230
183
156
128
77.7
68.2
57.4
45.9
39.0
31.9
34.5
30.3
25.5
20.4
17.3
14.2
19.4
17.1
14.3
11.5
9.76
7.97
12.4
10.9
9.18
7.34
6.24
5.10
8.63
7.58
6.38
5.10
4.34
3.54
6.34
5.57
4.68
3.74
3.19
2.60
4.86
4.26
3.59
2.87
2.44
1.99
3.84
3.37
2.83
2.26
1.93
1.57
3.11
2.73
2.30
1.83
1.56
1.28
2.57
2.26
1.90
1.52
1.29
1.05
2.16
1.89
1.59
1.27
1.08
0.885
1.84
1.61
1.36
1.09
0.924
0.754
1.59
1.39
1.17
0.936
0.796
0.651
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
256
224
188
149
127
104
63.9
55.9
46.9
37.3
31.7
25.9
28.4
24.9
20.8
16.6
14.1
11.5
16.0
14.0
11.7
9.33
7.93
6.47
10.2
8.95
7.50
5.97
5.08
4.14
7.10
6.21
5.21
4.14
3.52
2.88
5.22
4.56
3.83
3.05
2.59
2.11
3.99
3.50
2.93
2.33
1.98
1.62
3.16
2.76
2.32
1.84
1.57
1.28
2.56
2.24
1.88
1.49
1.27
1.04
2.11
1.85
1.55
1.23
1.05
0.856
1.78
1.55
1.30
1.04
0.881
0.719
1.51
1.32
1.11
0.883
0.751
0.613
1.30
1.14
0.957
0.761
0.647
0.528
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
105
93.9
80.3
72.6
65.4
56.0
46.1
37.7
26.3
23.5
20.1
18.1
16.4
14.0
11.5
9.41
11.7
10.4
8.92
8.06
7.27
6.23
5.12
4.18
6.56
5.87
5.02
4.54
4.09
3.50
2.88
2.35
4.20
3.75
3.21
2.90
2.62
2.24
1.84
1.51
2.92
2.61
2.23
2.02
1.82
1.56
1.28
1.05
2.14
1.92
1.64
1.48
1.33
1.14
0.940
0.769
1.64
1.47
1.25
1.13
1.02
0.876
0.720
0.588
1.30
1.16
0.991
0.896
0.807
0.692
0.569
0.465
1.05
0.939
0.803
0.726
0.654
0.560
0.461
0.377
0.868
0.776
0.664
0.600
0.541
0.463
0.381
0.311
0.729
0.652
0.558
0.504
0.454
0.389
0.320
0.262
0.622
0.555
0.475
0.429
0.387
0.332
0.273
0.223
0.536
0.479
0.410
0.370
0.334
0.286
0.235
0.192
Note:
1.
Serviceabilty Load W *S1 = 384EI / [5(250L2)]
D8-11
D8-12
TABLE D8.1-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
W * = Maximum Design Load based on Design Moment Capacity
W * = Maximum Design Load based on Design Shear Capacity
bending
about x-axis
Maximum Design Load W * is LESSER of W * and W *
L1
L2
Designation
d
L1
L2
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
294
258
216
194
173
147
118
80.8
196
172
144
129
115
97.9
78.6
53.9
147
129
108
97.0
86.4
73.5
59.0
40.4
118
103
86.6
77.6
69.1
58.8
47.2
32.3
97.9
85.9
72.2
64.7
57.6
49.0
39.3
26.9
83.9
73.6
61.9
55.4
49.4
42.0
33.7
23.1
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
58.8
51.5
43.3
38.8
34.5
29.4
23.6
16.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
42.0
36.8
30.9
27.7
24.7
21.0
16.9
11.5
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
32.6
28.6
24.1
21.6
19.2
16.3
13.1
8.98
29.4
25.8
21.6
19.4
17.3
14.7
11.8
8.08
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
489
417
341
301
261
220
178
143
7.92
8.03
8.14
8.19
8.16
8.22
8.41
10.0
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
182
161
137
111
94.6
76.4
53.5
121
108
91.3
73.8
63.0
50.9
35.7
90.9
80.7
68.5
55.4
47.3
38.2
26.8
72.7
64.5
54.8
44.3
37.8
30.5
21.4
60.6
53.8
45.7
36.9
31.5
25.5
17.8
52.0
46.1
39.1
31.6
27.0
21.8
15.3
45.5
40.3
34.3
27.7
23.6
19.1
13.4
36.4
32.3
27.4
22.1
18.9
15.3
10.7
30.3
26.9
22.8
18.5
15.8
12.7
8.92
26.0
23.0
19.6
15.8
13.5
10.9
7.65
22.7
20.2
17.1
13.8
11.8
9.54
6.69
20.2
17.9
15.2
12.3
10.5
8.48
5.95
18.2
16.1
13.7
11.1
9.46
7.64
5.35
15.2
13.4
11.4
9.23
7.88
6.36
4.46
356
306
252
195
165
134
108
8.93
9.05
9.15
9.14
9.19
9.38
11.0
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
65.2
53.8
44.2
43.5
35.9
29.4
32.6
26.9
22.1
26.1
21.5
17.7
21.7
17.9
14.7
18.6
15.4
12.6
16.3
13.5
11.0
13.0
10.8
8.83
10.9
8.97
7.36
9.31
7.69
6.31
8.15
6.73
5.52
7.24
5.98
4.91
6.52
5.38
4.42
5.43
4.49
3.68
158
128
104
3.20
3.27
3.32
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
86.0
71.2
61.3
50.5
57.4
47.5
40.8
33.7
43.0
35.6
30.6
25.3
34.4
28.5
24.5
20.2
28.7
23.7
20.4
16.8
24.6
20.3
17.5
14.4
21.5
17.8
15.3
12.6
17.2
14.2
12.3
10.1
14.3
11.9
10.2
8.42
12.3
10.2
8.75
7.22
10.8
8.90
7.66
6.32
9.56
7.91
6.81
5.62
8.60
7.12
6.13
5.05
7.17
5.94
5.10
4.21
212
165
139
113
5.76
5.80
5.85
5.91
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
38.0
33.1
27.6
22.8
25.3
22.1
18.4
15.2
19.0
16.5
13.8
11.4
15.2
13.2
11.0
9.14
12.7
11.0
9.21
7.61
10.9
9.45
7.89
6.53
9.50
8.27
6.91
5.71
7.60
6.62
5.52
4.57
6.33
5.51
4.60
3.81
5.43
4.73
3.95
3.26
4.75
4.14
3.45
2.86
4.22
3.68
3.07
2.54
3.80
3.31
2.76
2.28
3.17
2.76
2.30
1.90
122
104
85.2
69.3
3.90
3.96
4.02
4.07
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
33.4
29.2
24.5
20.3
22.3
19.5
16.3
13.6
16.7
14.6
12.3
10.2
13.4
11.7
9.80
8.13
11.1
9.74
8.17
6.78
9.55
8.35
7.00
5.81
8.36
7.31
6.13
5.08
6.68
5.85
4.90
4.07
5.57
4.87
4.08
3.39
4.77
4.18
3.50
2.91
4.18
3.65
3.06
2.54
3.71
3.25
2.72
2.26
3.34
2.92
2.45
2.03
2.79
2.44
2.04
1.69
121
103
84.1
68.4
2.71
2.77
2.84
2.89
mm mm mm

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
FLR
FLR
kg/m
= 0.436 (2 E I y G J / M2SX)0.5 (See Section D4.1.3 of these tables for explanation)

= Segment length for full lateral restraint (Mbx = Msx)
= 0.9
= 1.0
4.
5.
6.
s
W*L1
W*L2
=
=
=
1.0
8 Ms /L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.1-1(2)(B)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

D8-13
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
420
375
321
290
262
224
184
151
187
167
143
129
116
99.6
81.9
66.9
105
93.9
80.3
72.6
65.4
56.0
46.1
37.7
67.2
60.1
51.4
46.4
41.9
35.9
29.5
24.1
46.7
41.7
35.7
32.3
29.1
24.9
20.5
16.7
34.3
30.6
26.2
23.7
21.4
18.3
15.0
12.3
26.3
23.5
20.1
18.1
16.4
14.0
11.5
9.41
16.8
15.0
12.8
11.6
10.5
8.97
7.37
6.03
11.7
10.4
8.92
8.06
7.27
6.23
5.12
4.18
8.57
7.66
6.55
5.92
5.34
4.57
3.76
3.07
6.56
5.87
5.02
4.54
4.09
3.50
2.88
2.35
5.19
4.64
3.96
3.58
3.23
2.77
2.27
1.86
4.20
3.75
3.21
2.90
2.62
2.24
1.84
1.51
2.92
2.61
2.23
2.02
1.82
1.56
1.28
1.05
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
197
178
155
128
110
91.3
75.0
87.4
79.3
68.8
57.0
49.1
40.6
33.3
49.1
44.6
38.7
32.1
27.6
22.8
18.7
31.5
28.5
24.8
20.5
17.7
14.6
12.0
21.8
19.8
17.2
14.2
12.3
10.1
8.33
16.0
14.6
12.6
10.5
9.02
7.46
6.12
12.3
11.2
9.68
8.01
6.90
5.71
4.69
7.86
7.14
6.19
5.13
4.42
3.65
3.00
5.46
4.96
4.30
3.56
3.07
2.54
2.08
4.01
3.64
3.16
2.62
2.25
1.86
1.53
3.07
2.79
2.42
2.00
1.73
1.43
1.17
2.43
2.20
1.91
1.58
1.36
1.13
0.926
1.97
1.78
1.55
1.28
1.10
0.913
0.750
1.37
1.24
1.08
0.890
0.767
0.634
0.521
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
70.1
58.6
48.5
31.1
26.0
21.6
17.5
14.6
12.1
11.2
9.37
7.76
7.79
6.51
5.39
5.72
4.78
3.96
4.38
3.66
3.03
2.80
2.34
1.94
1.95
1.63
1.35
1.43
1.20
0.990
1.10
0.915
0.758
0.865
0.723
0.599
0.701
0.586
0.485
0.487
0.407
0.337
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
80.7
69.1
60.1
50.1
35.8
30.7
26.7
22.3
20.2
17.3
15.0
12.5
12.9
11.1
9.61
8.02
8.96
7.67
6.68
5.57
6.58
5.64
4.90
4.09
5.04
4.32
3.76
3.13
3.23
2.76
2.40
2.01
2.24
1.92
1.67
1.39
1.65
1.41
1.23
1.02
1.26
1.08
0.939
0.783
0.996
0.853
0.742
0.619
0.807
0.691
0.601
0.501
0.560
0.480
0.417
0.348
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
27.5
24.3
20.6
17.2
12.2
10.8
9.16
7.67
6.86
6.07
5.15
4.31
4.39
3.89
3.30
2.76
3.05
2.70
2.29
1.92
2.24
1.98
1.68
1.41
1.72
1.52
1.29
1.08
1.10
0.972
0.824
0.690
0.763
0.675
0.572
0.479
0.560
0.496
0.420
0.352
0.429
0.380
0.322
0.269
0.339
0.300
0.254
0.213
0.275
0.243
0.206
0.172
0.191
0.169
0.143
0.120
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
23.4
20.8
17.8
14.9
10.4
9.26
7.90
6.64
5.84
5.21
4.44
3.74
3.74
3.33
2.84
2.39
2.60
2.31
1.97
1.66
1.91
1.70
1.45
1.22
1.46
1.30
1.11
0.934
0.935
0.833
0.711
0.598
0.649
0.579
0.494
0.415
0.477
0.425
0.363
0.305
0.365
0.325
0.278
0.234
0.289
0.257
0.219
0.184
0.234
0.208
0.178
0.149
0.162
0.145
0.123
0.104
mm mm mm
Note:
1.
D8-14
TABLE D8.1-2(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
271
196
181
131
136
98.0
108
78.4
90.4
65.3
77.4
56.0
67.8
49.0
54.2
39.2
45.2
32.7
38.7
28.0
33.9
24.5
30.1
21.8
27.1
19.6
22.6
16.3
313
259
14.2
16.4
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
163
136
108
90.8
81.3
68.1
65.0
54.5
54.2
45.4
46.4
38.9
40.6
34.1
32.5
27.3
27.1
22.7
23.2
19.5
20.3
17.0
18.1
15.1
16.3
13.6
13.5
11.4
245
203
8.18
8.24
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
104
87.8
69.6
58.6
52.2
43.9
41.7
35.1
34.8
29.3
29.8
25.1
26.1
22.0
20.9
17.6
17.4
14.6
14.9
12.5
13.0
11.0
11.6
9.76
10.4
8.78
8.70
7.32
183
152
9.16
9.21
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
67.3
57.1
44.9
38.0
33.7
28.5
26.9
22.8
22.4
19.0
19.2
16.3
16.8
14.3
13.5
11.4
11.2
9.51
9.62
8.15
8.42
7.13
7.48
6.34
6.73
5.71
5.61
4.76
155
129
5.82
5.88
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
36.1
31.0
24.1
20.6
18.0
15.5
14.4
12.4
12.0
10.3
10.3
8.85
9.02
7.74
7.22
6.19
6.02
5.16
5.16
4.42
4.51
3.87
4.01
3.44
3.61
3.10
3.01
2.58
115
96.7
3.93
3.99
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
31.8
27.4
21.2
18.3
15.9
13.7
12.7
11.0
10.6
9.14
9.09
7.83
7.95
6.85
6.36
5.48
5.30
4.57
4.54
3.92
3.98
3.43
3.53
3.05
3.18
2.74
2.65
2.28
114
95.4
2.74
2.80
mm mm mm
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.1-2(B)


Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
562
471
250
209
140
118
89.9
75.3
62.4
52.3
45.8
38.4
35.1
29.4
22.5
18.8
15.6
13.1
11.5
9.61
8.77
7.35
6.93
5.81
5.62
4.71
3.90
3.27
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
247
208
110
92.7
61.7
52.1
39.5
33.4
27.4
23.2
20.2
17.0
15.4
13.0
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
121
103
53.9
45.8
30.3
25.7
19.4
16.5
13.5
11.4
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
65.6
56.2
29.2
25.0
16.4
14.1
10.5
9.00
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
26.3
22.9
11.7
10.2
6.56
5.72
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
22.4
19.7
5.60
4.92
Note:
1.
9.96
8.74
9.88
8.34
6.86
5.79
5.04
4.25
3.86
3.26
3.05
2.57
2.47
2.08
1.71
1.45
9.90
8.41
7.58
6.44
4.85
4.12
3.37
2.86
2.48
2.10
1.89
1.61
1.50
1.27
1.21
1.03
0.842
0.715
7.29
6.25
5.35
4.59
4.10
3.51
2.62
2.25
1.82
1.56
1.34
1.15
1.02
0.878
0.810
0.694
0.656
0.562
0.455
0.390
4.20
3.66
2.92
2.54
2.14
1.87
1.64
1.43
1.05
0.915
0.729
0.636
0.536
0.467
0.410
0.358
0.324
0.283
0.263
0.229
0.182
0.159
3.59
3.15
2.49
2.19
1.83
1.61
1.40
1.23
0.897
0.787
0.623
0.546
0.458
0.401
0.350
0.307
0.277
0.243
0.224
0.197
0.156
0.137
D8-15
D8-16
TABLE D8.1-3(1)(A)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
238
206
168
120
91.0
65.1
119
103
84.1
60.1
45.5
32.5
79.4
68.6
56.1
40.1
30.3
21.7
59.6
51.4
42.1
30.1
22.7
16.3
47.7
41.2
33.6
24.1
18.2
13.0
39.7
34.3
28.0
20.0
15.2
10.8
34.0
29.4
24.0
17.2
13.0
9.30
29.8
25.7
21.0
15.0
11.4
8.13
26.5
22.9
18.7
13.4
10.1
7.23
23.8
20.6
16.8
12.0
9.10
6.51
21.7
18.7
15.3
10.9
8.27
5.92
19.9
17.1
14.0
10.0
7.58
5.42
18.3
15.8
12.9
9.25
7.00
5.01
17.0
14.7
12.0
8.59
6.50
4.65
507
432
353
271
228
184
95.4
77.9
55.5
39.9
47.7
38.9
27.8
19.9
31.8
26.0
18.5
13.3
23.8
19.5
13.9
9.97
19.1
15.6
11.1
7.98
15.9
13.0
9.25
6.65
13.6
11.1
7.93
5.70
11.9
9.74
6.94
4.98
10.6
8.65
6.17
4.43
9.54
7.79
5.55
3.99
8.67
7.08
5.05
3.63
7.95
6.49
4.63
3.32
7.34
5.99
4.27
3.07
6.81
5.56
3.96
2.85
242
204
165
133
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
116
159
183
57.8
79.5
91.6
38.5
53.0
61.1
28.9
39.8
45.8
23.1
31.8
36.6
19.3
26.5
30.5
16.5
22.7
26.2
14.5
19.9
22.9
12.8
17.7
20.4
11.6
15.9
18.3
10.5
14.5
16.7
9.64
13.3
15.3
8.89
12.2
14.1
8.26
11.4
13.1
275
379
443
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
124
109
91.5
82.0
71.9
55.2
42.3
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
21.2
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
14.1
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
10.6
24.9
21.8
18.3
16.4
14.4
11.0
8.47
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
7.06
17.8
15.6
13.1
11.7
10.3
7.89
6.05
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
5.29
13.8
12.1
10.2
9.11
7.99
6.13
4.70
12.4
10.9
9.15
8.20
7.19
5.52
4.23
11.3
9.91
8.32
7.45
6.54
5.02
3.85
10.4
9.08
7.63
6.83
5.99
4.60
3.53
9.57
8.39
7.04
6.31
5.53
4.25
3.26
8.89
7.79
6.54
5.86
5.14
3.94
3.02
363
312
257
228
199
168
136
Notes:
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.1-3(1)(B)

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
187
163
137
109
92.5
75.6
46.6
40.8
34.2
27.2
23.1
18.9
20.7
18.1
15.2
12.1
10.3
8.40
11.7
10.2
8.56
6.80
5.78
4.72
7.46
6.53
5.48
4.35
3.70
3.02
5.18
4.53
3.80
3.02
2.57
2.10
3.81
3.33
2.79
2.22
1.89
1.54
2.92
2.55
2.14
1.70
1.45
1.18
2.30
2.02
1.69
1.34
1.14
0.933
1.87
1.63
1.37
1.09
0.925
0.756
1.54
1.35
1.13
0.899
0.765
0.625
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
78.2
66.7
54.6
44.5
19.6
16.7
13.6
11.1
8.69
7.41
6.07
4.94
4.89
4.17
3.41
2.78
3.13
2.67
2.18
1.78
2.17
1.85
1.52
1.24
1.60
1.36
1.11
0.908
1.22
1.04
0.853
0.695
0.965
0.823
0.674
0.549
0.782
0.667
0.546
0.445
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
84.4
111
126
21.1
27.8
31.6
9.38
12.4
14.0
5.28
6.95
7.89
3.38
4.45
5.05
2.35
3.09
3.51
1.72
2.27
2.58
1.32
1.74
1.97
1.04
1.37
1.56
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
71.1
63.5
54.2
49.0
44.0
37.7
31.0
17.8
15.9
13.6
12.2
11.0
9.43
7.76
7.90
7.05
6.02
5.44
4.89
4.19
3.45
4.45
3.97
3.39
3.06
2.75
2.36
1.94
2.85
2.54
2.17
1.96
1.76
1.51
1.24
1.98
1.76
1.51
1.36
1.22
1.05
0.862
1.45
1.30
1.11
1.00
0.898
0.770
0.633
1.11
0.992
0.847
0.765
0.688
0.589
0.485
0.878
0.783
0.669
0.605
0.543
0.466
0.383
mm
mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
D8-17
Note:
1.
1.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
1.30
1.13
0.951
0.755
0.643
0.525
1.10
0.966
0.810
0.644
0.548
0.447
0.952
0.833
0.699
0.555
0.472
0.386
0.646
0.551
0.451
0.368
0.543
0.463
0.379
0.309
0.463
0.395
0.323
0.263
0.399
0.340
0.279
0.227
0.844
1.11
1.26
0.698
0.920
1.04
0.586
0.773
0.877
0.500
0.658
0.747
0.431
0.568
0.644
0.711
0.635
0.542
0.490
0.440
0.377
0.310
0.588
0.524
0.448
0.405
0.364
0.312
0.256
0.494
0.441
0.376
0.340
0.306
0.262
0.215
0.421
0.375
0.321
0.290
0.260
0.223
0.184
0.363
0.324
0.277
0.250
0.225
0.192
0.158
TABLE D8.1-3(2)(A)
D8-18

Standard Thickness
bending
about x-axis
= Maximum Design Load based on Design Moment Capacity
W *L1
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
249
218
183
164
144
110
78.6
178
158
133
107
88.6
63.5
45.4
85.3
73.8
60.8
52.3
42.6
30.7
43.6
37.1
32.2
26.8
21.8
27.4
23.9
20.1
16.6
14.3
11.9
11.1
9.50
8.01
4.86
166
145
122
109
95.9
73.6
52.4
119
105
89.0
71.6
59.1
42.4
30.3
56.8
49.2
40.6
34.9
28.4
20.5
29.1
24.7
21.5
17.9
14.5
18.3
16.0
13.4
11.1
9.53
7.95
7.40
6.33
5.34
3.24
124
109
91.5
82.0
71.9
55.2
39.3
89.1
78.8
66.7
53.7
44.3
31.8
22.7
42.6
36.9
30.4
26.2
21.3
15.4
21.8
18.5
16.1
13.4
10.9
13.7
12.0
10.0
8.31
7.15
5.96
5.55
4.75
4.00
2.43
99.6
87.2
73.2
65.6
57.5
44.2
31.4
71.3
63.1
53.4
43.0
35.5
25.4
18.2
34.1
29.5
24.3
20.9
17.0
12.3
17.5
14.8
12.9
10.7
8.73
11.0
9.58
8.02
6.65
5.72
4.77
4.44
3.80
3.20
1.95
83.0
72.7
61.0
54.7
47.9
36.8
26.2
59.4
52.5
44.5
35.8
29.5
21.2
15.1
28.4
24.6
20.3
17.4
14.2
10.2
14.5
12.4
10.7
8.93
7.27
9.13
7.98
6.68
5.54
4.76
3.98
3.70
3.17
2.67
1.62
71.1
62.3
52.3
46.8
41.1
31.5
22.5
50.9
45.0
38.1
30.7
25.3
18.2
13.0
24.4
21.1
17.4
14.9
12.2
8.78
12.5
10.6
9.20
7.65
6.23
7.83
6.84
5.73
4.75
4.08
3.41
3.17
2.71
2.29
1.39
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
19.7
44.6
39.4
33.4
26.8
22.2
15.9
11.4
21.3
18.4
15.2
13.1
10.7
7.68
10.9
9.27
8.05
6.70
5.45
6.85
5.99
5.01
4.16
3.57
2.98
2.77
2.38
2.00
1.22
49.8
43.6
36.6
32.8
28.8
22.1
15.7
35.7
31.5
26.7
21.5
17.7
12.7
9.08
17.1
14.8
12.2
10.5
8.52
6.14
8.73
7.42
6.44
5.36
4.36
5.48
4.79
4.01
3.33
2.86
2.39
2.22
1.90
1.60
0.973
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
13.1
29.7
26.3
22.2
17.9
14.8
10.6
7.57
14.2
12.3
10.1
8.72
7.10
5.12
7.27
6.18
5.36
4.46
3.64
4.57
3.99
3.34
2.77
2.38
1.99
1.85
1.58
1.33
0.811
35.6
31.1
26.1
23.4
20.5
15.8
11.2
25.5
22.5
19.1
15.3
12.7
9.08
6.49
12.2
10.5
8.69
7.47
6.09
4.39
6.24
5.30
4.60
3.83
3.12
3.91
3.42
2.86
2.38
2.04
1.70
1.59
1.36
1.14
0.695
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
9.83
22.3
19.7
16.7
13.4
11.1
7.94
5.68
10.7
9.22
7.60
6.54
5.33
3.84
5.46
4.64
4.02
3.35
2.73
3.43
2.99
2.51
2.08
1.79
1.49
1.39
1.19
1.00
0.608
Notes:
1.
0.9
2.
1.0
3.
1.0
4.
W *L1
8 Ms/L
5. W *L2 =
2 Vv
4.5
27.7
24.2
20.3
18.2
16.0
12.3
8.74
19.8
17.5
14.8
11.9
9.85
7.06
5.05
9.47
8.19
6.76
5.81
4.73
3.41
4.85
4.12
3.58
2.98
2.42
3.04
2.66
2.23
1.85
1.59
1.33
1.23
1.06
0.890
0.540
5.0
24.9
21.8
18.3
16.4
14.4
11.0
7.86
17.8
15.8
13.3
10.7
8.86
6.35
4.54
8.53
7.38
6.08
5.23
4.26
3.07
4.36
3.71
3.22
2.68
2.18
2.74
2.39
2.01
1.66
1.43
1.19
1.11
0.950
0.801
0.486
6.0
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
6.55
14.9
13.1
11.1
8.95
7.39
5.29
3.78
7.10
6.15
5.07
4.36
3.55
2.56
3.64
3.09
2.68
2.23
1.82
2.28
2.00
1.67
1.39
1.19
0.994
0.925
0.792
0.667
0.405
kN
363
312
257
228
199
168
136
305
264
219
170
144
117
94.9
192
161
127
108
88.3
71.9
123
97.9
84.0
69.1
56.5
83.5
72.0
59.5
48.8
49.9
41.2
48.0
40.3
33.5
25.8
TABLE D8.1-3(2)(B)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

D8-19
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
285
126
254
113
217
96.4
196
87.1
176
78.2
151
67.0
124
55.1
174
77.1
157
69.7
136
60.3
112
49.6
96.1
42.7
79.4
35.3
65.2
29.0
63.1
28.1
56.2
25.0
47.8
21.3
41.6
18.5
34.8
15.5
28.8
12.8
25.9
11.5
22.9
10.2
20.2
8.97
17.1
7.58
14.2
6.33
14.6
6.50
13.0
5.78
11.1
4.92
9.31
4.14
6.69
2.97
5.67
2.52
4.15
1.85
3.65
1.62
3.13
1.39
1.49
0.664
Note:
1.
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
71.1
63.5
54.2
49.0
44.0
37.7
31.0
43.4
39.2
33.9
27.9
24.0
19.9
16.3
15.8
14.1
12.0
10.4
8.69
7.19
6.47
5.73
5.05
4.26
3.56
3.65
3.25
2.77
2.33
1.67
1.42
1.04
0.911
0.783
0.373
45.5
40.6
34.7
31.3
28.2
24.1
19.9
27.8
25.1
21.7
17.9
15.4
12.7
10.4
10.1
8.99
7.65
6.66
5.56
4.60
4.14
3.67
3.23
2.73
2.28
2.34
2.08
1.77
1.49
1.07
0.908
0.664
0.583
0.501
0.239
31.6
28.2
24.1
21.8
19.6
16.8
13.8
19.3
17.4
15.1
12.4
10.7
8.82
7.24
7.02
6.25
5.32
4.63
3.86
3.20
2.87
2.55
2.24
1.90
1.58
1.62
1.44
1.23
1.03
0.743
0.630
0.461
0.405
0.348
0.166
23.2
20.7
17.7
16.0
14.4
12.3
10.1
14.2
12.8
11.1
9.11
7.85
6.48
5.32
5.15
4.59
3.91
3.40
2.84
2.35
2.11
1.87
1.65
1.39
1.16
1.19
1.06
0.904
0.760
0.546
0.463
0.339
0.298
0.256
0.122
17.8
11.4
15.9
10.2
13.6
8.67
12.2
7.84
11.0
7.04
9.43
6.03
7.76
4.96
10.8
6.94
9.80
6.27
8.48
5.42
6.98
4.46
6.01
3.84
4.96
3.18
4.07
2.61
3.95
2.53
3.51
2.25
2.99
1.91
2.60
1.67
2.17
1.39
1.80
1.15
1.62
1.03
1.43
0.917
1.26
0.808
1.07
0.682
0.890
0.570
0.914
0.585
0.812
0.520
0.692
0.443
0.582
0.372
0.418
0.268
0.355
0.227
0.260
0.166
0.228
0.146
0.196
0.125
0.0933
0.0597
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
7.90
7.05
6.02
5.44
4.89
4.19
3.45
4.82
4.36
3.77
3.10
2.67
2.21
1.81
1.75
1.56
1.33
1.16
0.966
0.799
0.718
0.636
0.561
0.474
0.396
0.406
0.361
0.308
0.259
0.186
0.158
0.115
0.101
0.0870
0.0415
5.81
5.18
4.43
4.00
3.59
3.08
2.53
3.54
3.20
2.77
2.28
1.96
1.62
1.33
1.29
1.15
0.976
0.850
0.710
0.587
0.528
0.468
0.412
0.348
0.291
0.298
0.265
0.226
0.190
0.137
0.116
0.0848
0.0744
0.0640
0.0305
4.45
3.97
3.39
3.06
2.75
2.36
1.94
2.71
2.45
2.12
1.74
1.50
1.24
1.02
0.987
0.878
0.748
0.651
0.543
0.449
0.404
0.358
0.315
0.267
0.223
0.228
0.203
0.173
0.145
0.105
0.0887
0.0649
0.0570
0.0490
0.0233
3.51
3.13
2.68
2.42
2.17
1.86
1.53
2.14
1.94
1.67
1.38
1.19
0.980
0.805
0.780
0.694
0.591
0.514
0.429
0.355
0.319
0.283
0.249
0.211
0.176
0.180
0.160
0.137
0.115
0.0826
0.0701
0.0513
0.0450
0.0387
0.0184
2.85
2.54
2.17
1.96
1.76
1.51
1.24
1.74
1.57
1.36
1.12
0.961
0.794
0.652
0.631
0.562
0.478
0.416
0.348
0.288
0.259
0.229
0.202
0.171
0.142
0.146
0.130
0.111
0.0931
0.0669
0.0567
0.0415
0.0365
0.0313
0.0149
1.98
1.76
1.51
1.36
1.22
1.05
0.862
1.21
1.09
0.942
0.775
0.667
0.551
0.453
0.438
0.390
0.332
0.289
0.241
0.200
0.180
0.159
0.140
0.118
0.0989
0.102
0.0903
0.0769
0.0647
0.0465
0.0394
0.0288
0.0253
0.0218
0.0104
D8-20
TABLE D8.1-4(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
201
150
134
99.7
100
74.8
80.2
59.8
66.9
49.8
57.3
42.7
50.1
37.4
40.1
29.9
33.4
24.9
28.7
21.4
25.1
18.7
22.3
16.6
20.1
15.0
16.7
12.5
254
211
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
131
97.1
87.0
64.7
65.3
48.6
52.2
38.8
43.5
32.4
37.3
27.7
32.6
24.3
26.1
19.4
21.8
16.2
18.6
13.9
16.3
12.1
14.5
10.8
13.1
9.71
10.9
8.09
187
155
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
78.6
52.4
39.3
31.4
26.2
22.5
19.6
15.7
13.1
11.2
9.82
8.73
7.86
6.55
133
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
57.5
48.7
38.3
32.5
28.8
24.4
23.0
19.5
19.2
16.2
16.4
13.9
14.4
12.2
11.5
9.75
9.58
8.12
8.21
6.96
7.19
6.09
6.39
5.42
5.75
4.87
4.79
4.06
119
100
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
35.2
30.1
23.5
20.1
17.6
15.0
14.1
12.0
11.7
10.0
10.1
8.60
8.80
7.52
7.04
6.02
5.86
5.01
5.03
4.30
4.40
3.76
3.91
3.34
3.52
3.01
2.93
2.51
92.5
78.2
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
26.1
22.4
17.4
15.0
13.0
11.2
10.4
8.98
7.45
6.41
6.52
5.61
5.21
4.49
4.34
3.74
3.72
3.21
3.26
2.80
2.90
2.49
2.61
2.24
2.17
1.87
79.0
67.1
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
2 Vv
8.69
7.48
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.1-4(B)


Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
409
343
182
153
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
166
140
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
21.9
19.0
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
14.0
12.3
Note:
1.
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
102
85.8
65.5
54.9
45.5
38.2
33.4
28.0
25.6
21.5
16.4
13.7
11.4
9.54
8.36
7.01
6.40
5.37
5.06
4.24
4.09
3.43
2.84
2.38
73.8
62.4
41.5
35.1
26.6
22.5
18.5
15.6
13.6
11.5
10.4
8.77
6.65
5.61
4.61
3.90
3.39
2.86
2.60
2.19
2.05
1.73
1.66
1.40
1.15
0.975
89.6
39.8
22.4
14.3
9.95
7.31
5.60
3.58
2.49
1.83
1.40
1.11
0.896
0.622
45.4
39.0
20.2
17.3
11.4
9.74
7.27
6.24
5.05
4.33
3.71
3.18
2.84
2.44
1.82
1.56
1.26
1.08
0.927
0.795
0.710
0.609
0.561
0.481
0.454
0.390
0.316
0.271
9.72
8.44
5.47
4.75
3.50
3.04
2.43
2.11
1.79
1.55
1.37
1.19
0.875
0.759
0.608
0.527
0.446
0.387
0.342
0.297
0.270
0.234
0.219
0.190
0.152
0.132
6.22
5.45
3.50
3.07
2.24
1.96
1.56
1.36
1.14
1.00
0.875
0.767
0.560
0.491
0.389
0.341
0.286
0.250
0.219
0.192
0.173
0.151
0.140
0.123
0.0973
0.0852
D8-21
D8-22
TABLE D8.2-1(1)(A)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
Standard Thickness
Designation
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
295
256
212
167
141
103
148
128
106
83.3
70.5
51.3
98.4
85.2
70.7
55.5
47.0
34.2
73.8
63.9
53.0
41.7
35.3
25.6
59.1
51.1
42.4
33.3
28.2
20.5
49.2
42.6
35.3
27.8
23.5
17.1
42.2
36.5
30.3
23.8
20.1
14.6
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
32.8
28.4
23.6
18.5
15.7
11.4
29.5
25.6
21.2
16.7
14.1
10.3
26.8
23.2
19.3
15.1
12.8
9.32
24.6
21.3
17.7
13.9
11.8
8.54
22.7
19.7
16.3
12.8
10.8
7.89
21.1
18.3
15.1
11.9
10.1
7.32
599
506
411
312
262
211
26.4
26.9
27.4
27.6
27.9
31.4
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
273
236
195
151
113
80.4
136
118
97.6
75.4
56.3
40.2
91.0
78.6
65.1
50.3
37.5
26.8
68.2
58.9
48.8
37.7
28.1
20.1
54.6
47.1
39.1
30.2
22.5
16.1
45.5
39.3
32.5
25.1
18.8
13.4
39.0
33.7
27.9
21.5
16.1
11.5
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
30.3
26.2
21.7
16.8
12.5
8.93
27.3
23.6
19.5
15.1
11.3
8.04
24.8
21.4
17.8
13.7
10.2
7.31
22.7
19.6
16.3
12.6
9.38
6.70
21.0
18.1
15.0
11.6
8.66
6.18
19.5
16.8
13.9
10.8
8.04
5.74
507
430
350
267
224
181
54.7
55.1
55.5
56.2
64.0
73.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
147
129
108
97.0
86.4
73.5
59.0
40.4
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
29.4
25.8
21.6
19.4
17.3
14.7
11.8
8.08
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
21.0
18.4
15.5
13.9
12.3
10.5
8.43
5.77
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
16.3
14.3
12.0
10.8
9.60
8.16
6.55
4.49
14.7
12.9
10.8
9.70
8.64
7.35
5.90
4.04
13.4
11.7
9.84
8.82
7.85
6.68
5.36
3.67
12.2
10.7
9.02
8.08
7.20
6.12
4.92
3.37
11.3
9.91
8.33
7.46
6.64
5.65
4.54
3.11
10.5
9.20
7.73
6.93
6.17
5.25
4.21
2.89
391
333
273
241
209
176
142
115
32.8
33.3
33.8
34.0
33.9
34.1
34.9
41.6
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
1.6 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-1(1)(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
749
657
553
442
376
307
187
164
138
110
94.0
76.8
83.2
73.0
61.4
49.1
41.8
34.1
46.8
41.1
34.6
27.6
23.5
19.2
30.0
26.3
22.1
17.7
15.0
12.3
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
616
539
452
359
306
249
154
135
113
89.9
76.4
62.4
68.4
59.9
50.2
39.9
34.0
27.7
38.5
33.7
28.2
22.5
19.1
15.6
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
253
226
193
175
158
135
111
90.7
63.3
56.5
48.4
43.7
39.4
33.7
27.7
22.7
28.1
25.1
21.5
19.4
17.5
15.0
12.3
10.1
15.8
14.1
12.1
10.9
9.85
8.44
6.94
5.67
D8-23
Note:
1.
Serviceabilty Load W *S1 = 185El/(250L2)
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
20.8
18.3
15.4
12.3
10.4
8.53
15.3
13.4
11.3
9.02
7.67
6.27
11.7
10.3
8.64
6.90
5.88
4.80
9.24
8.11
6.83
5.45
4.64
3.79
7.49
6.57
5.53
4.42
3.76
3.07
6.19
5.43
4.57
3.65
3.11
2.54
5.20
4.56
3.84
3.07
2.61
2.13
4.43
3.89
3.27
2.61
2.23
1.82
3.82
3.35
2.82
2.25
1.92
1.57
24.6
21.6
18.1
14.4
12.2
9.98
17.1
15.0
12.6
9.98
8.49
6.93
12.6
11.0
9.22
7.33
6.24
5.09
9.62
8.42
7.06
5.62
4.78
3.90
7.60
6.65
5.58
4.44
3.77
3.08
6.16
5.39
4.52
3.59
3.06
2.49
5.09
4.45
3.74
2.97
2.53
2.06
4.28
3.74
3.14
2.50
2.12
1.73
3.64
3.19
2.67
2.13
1.81
1.48
3.14
2.75
2.31
1.83
1.56
1.27
10.1
9.04
7.74
6.99
6.30
5.40
4.44
3.63
7.03
6.28
5.37
4.86
4.38
3.75
3.08
2.52
5.16
4.61
3.95
3.57
3.22
2.75
2.26
1.85
3.95
3.53
3.02
2.73
2.46
2.11
1.73
1.42
3.12
2.79
2.39
2.16
1.95
1.67
1.37
1.12
2.53
2.26
1.93
1.75
1.58
1.35
1.11
0.907
2.09
1.87
1.60
1.44
1.30
1.12
0.917
0.750
1.76
1.57
1.34
1.21
1.09
0.937
0.771
0.630
1.50
1.34
1.14
1.03
0.932
0.799
0.657
0.537
1.29
1.15
0.987
0.892
0.804
0.689
0.566
0.463
D8-24
TABLE D8.2-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
bending
about x-axis
= Maximum Design Load based on Design Shear Capacity
W *L1
W *L2
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
294
258
216
194
173
147
118
80.8
196
172
144
129
115
97.9
78.6
53.6
147
129
108
97.0
86.4
73.5
59.0
40.4
118
103
86.6
77.6
69.1
58.8
47.2
32.3
97.9
85.9
72.2
64.7
57.6
49.0
39.3
26.9
83.9
73.6
61.9
55.4
49.4
42.0
33.7
23.1
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
58.8
51.5
43.3
38.8
34.5
29.4
23.6
16.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
42.0
36.8
30.9
27.7
24.7
21.0
16.9
11.5
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
32.6
28.6
24.1
21.6
19.2
16.3
13.1
8.96
29.4
25.8
21.6
19.4
17.3
14.7
11.8
8.08
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
391
333
273
241
209
176
142
115
32.8
33.3
33.8
34.0
33.9
34.1
34.9
41.6
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
182
161
137
111
94.6
76.4
53.5
121
108
91.3
73.8
63.0
50.9
35.7
90.9
80.7
68.5
55.4
47.3
38.2
26.8
72.7
64.5
54.8
44.3
37.8
30.5
21.4
60.6
53.8
45.7
36.9
31.5
25.5
17.8
52.0
46.1
39.1
31.6
27.0
21.8
15.3
45.5
40.3
34.3
27.7
23.6
19.1
13.4
36.4
32.3
27.4
22.1
18.9
15.3
10.7
30.3
26.9
22.8
18.5
15.8
12.7
8.92
26.0
23.0
19.6
15.8
13.5
10.9
7.65
22.7
20.2
17.1
13.8
11.8
9.54
6.69
20.2
17.9
15.2
12.3
10.5
8.48
5.95
18.2
16.1
13.7
11.1
9.46
7.64
5.35
15.2
13.4
11.4
9.23
7.88
6.36
4.46
284
245
202
156
132
107
86.4
37.1
37.5
38.0
37.9
38.1
38.9
45.4
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
65.2
53.8
44.2
43.5
35.9
29.4
32.6
26.9
22.1
26.1
21.5
17.7
21.7
17.9
14.7
18.6
15.4
12.6
16.3
13.5
11.0
13.0
10.8
8.83
10.9
8.97
7.36
9.31
7.69
6.31
8.15
6.73
5.52
7.24
5.98
4.91
6.52
5.38
4.42
5.43
4.49
3.68
127
103
83.1
13.3
13.5
13.8
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
86.0
71.2
61.3
50.5
57.4
47.5
40.8
33.7
43.0
35.6
30.6
25.3
34.4
28.5
24.5
20.2
28.7
23.7
20.4
16.8
24.6
20.3
17.5
14.4
21.5
17.8
15.3
12.6
17.2
14.2
12.3
10.1
14.3
11.9
10.2
8.42
12.3
10.2
8.75
7.22
10.8
8.90
7.66
6.32
9.56
7.91
6.81
5.62
8.60
7.12
6.13
5.05
7.17
5.94
5.10
4.21
170
132
112
90.7
23.9
24.1
24.3
24.5
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
38.0
33.1
27.6
22.8
25.3
22.1
18.4
15.2
19.0
16.5
13.8
11.4
15.2
13.2
11.0
9.14
12.7
11.0
9.21
7.61
10.9
9.45
7.89
6.53
9.50
8.27
6.91
5.71
7.60
6.62
5.52
4.57
6.33
5.51
4.60
3.81
5.43
4.73
3.95
3.26
4.75
4.14
3.45
2.86
4.22
3.68
3.07
2.54
3.80
3.31
2.76
2.28
3.17
2.76
2.30
1.90
97.8
83.3
68.1
55.5
16.2
16.4
16.7
16.9
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
33.4
29.2
24.5
20.3
22.3
19.5
16.3
13.6
16.7
14.6
12.3
10.2
13.4
11.7
9.80
8.13
11.1
9.74
8.17
6.78
9.55
8.35
7.00
5.81
8.36
7.31
6.13
5.08
6.68
5.85
4.90
4.07
5.57
4.87
4.08
3.39
4.77
4.18
3.50
2.91
4.18
3.65
3.06
2.54
3.71
3.25
2.72
2.26
3.34
2.92
2.45
2.03
2.79
2.44
2.04
1.69
96.5
82.2
67.3
54.7
11.2
11.5
11.8
12.0
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
FLR
FLR

= 0.9
= 1.0
4.
5.
6.
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
1.0
8 Ms /L
1.6 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-1(2)(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

kg/m
0.5
D8-25
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
1010
904
774
699
630
540
444
363
450
402
344
311
280
240
197
161
253
226
193
175
158
135
111
90.7
162
145
124
112
101
86.4
71.0
58.1
112
100
86.0
77.7
70.0
60.0
49.3
40.3
82.6
73.8
63.2
57.1
51.4
44.1
36.2
29.6
63.3
56.5
48.4
43.7
39.4
33.7
27.7
22.7
40.5
36.2
30.9
28.0
25.2
21.6
17.8
14.5
28.1
25.1
21.5
19.4
17.5
15.0
12.3
10.1
20.7
18.5
15.8
14.3
12.9
11.0
9.06
7.41
15.8
14.1
12.1
10.9
9.85
8.44
6.94
5.67
12.5
11.2
9.55
8.63
7.78
6.67
5.48
4.48
10.1
9.04
7.74
6.99
6.30
5.40
4.44
3.63
7.03
6.28
5.37
4.86
4.38
3.75
3.08
2.52
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
474
430
373
309
266
220
181
210
191
166
137
118
97.8
80.3
118
107
93.3
77.2
66.5
55.0
45.2
75.8
68.8
59.7
49.4
42.6
35.2
28.9
52.6
47.8
41.4
34.3
29.6
24.4
20.1
38.7
35.1
30.4
25.2
21.7
18.0
14.7
29.6
26.9
23.3
19.3
16.6
13.8
11.3
18.9
17.2
14.9
12.4
10.6
8.80
7.23
13.2
11.9
10.4
8.58
7.39
6.11
5.02
9.66
8.77
7.61
6.30
5.43
4.49
3.69
7.40
6.72
5.83
4.83
4.16
3.44
2.82
5.85
5.31
4.61
3.81
3.29
2.72
2.23
4.74
4.30
3.73
3.09
2.66
2.20
1.81
3.29
2.98
2.59
2.14
1.85
1.53
1.25
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
169
141
117
75.0
62.7
51.9
42.2
35.3
29.2
27.0
22.6
18.7
18.8
15.7
13.0
13.8
11.5
9.54
10.6
8.82
7.30
6.75
5.64
4.67
4.69
3.92
3.25
3.45
2.88
2.38
2.64
2.20
1.83
2.08
1.74
1.44
1.69
1.41
1.17
1.17
0.980
0.811
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
194
166
145
121
86.4
73.9
64.3
53.7
48.6
41.6
36.2
30.2
31.1
26.6
23.2
19.3
21.6
18.5
16.1
13.4
15.9
13.6
11.8
9.86
12.1
10.4
9.05
7.55
7.77
6.65
5.79
4.83
5.40
4.62
4.02
3.35
3.97
3.40
2.95
2.46
3.04
2.60
2.26
1.89
2.40
2.05
1.79
1.49
1.94
1.66
1.45
1.21
1.35
1.16
1.01
0.839
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
66.1
58.5
49.6
41.5
29.4
26.0
22.1
18.5
16.5
14.6
12.4
10.4
10.6
9.36
7.94
6.65
7.35
6.50
5.51
4.62
5.40
4.78
4.05
3.39
4.13
3.66
3.10
2.60
2.65
2.34
1.99
1.66
1.84
1.63
1.38
1.15
1.35
1.19
1.01
0.848
1.03
0.915
0.775
0.649
0.817
0.723
0.613
0.513
0.661
0.585
0.496
0.415
0.459
0.406
0.345
0.289
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
56.3
50.2
42.8
36.0
25.0
22.3
19.0
16.0
14.1
12.5
10.7
9.00
9.01
8.03
6.85
5.76
6.26
5.57
4.76
4.00
4.60
4.10
3.49
2.94
3.52
3.14
2.68
2.25
2.25
2.01
1.71
1.44
1.56
1.39
1.19
1.00
1.15
1.02
0.874
0.735
0.880
0.784
0.669
0.562
0.695
0.619
0.528
0.444
0.563
0.502
0.428
0.360
0.391
0.348
0.297
0.250
mm mm mm
Note:
1.
Serviceabilty Load W *S1 =185EI / (250L2)
D8-26
TABLE D8.2-2(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
271
196
181
131
136
98.0
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
163
136
108
90.8
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
104
87.8
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
mm mm mm
Notes:
W*L2
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
108
78.4
90.4
65.3
77.4
56.0
67.8
49.0
54.2
39.2
45.2
32.7
38.7
28.0
33.9
24.5
30.1
21.8
27.1
19.6
22.6
16.3
250
207
58.8
68.1
81.3
68.1
65.0
54.5
54.2
45.4
46.4
38.9
40.6
34.1
32.5
27.3
27.1
22.7
23.2
19.5
20.3
17.0
18.1
15.1
16.3
13.6
13.5
11.4
196
162
34.0
34.2
69.6
58.6
52.2
43.9
41.7
35.1
34.8
29.3
29.8
25.1
26.1
22.0
20.9
17.6
17.4
14.6
14.9
12.5
13.0
11.0
11.6
9.76
10.4
8.78
8.70
7.32
146
122
38.0
38.2
67.3
57.1
44.9
38.0
33.7
28.5
26.9
22.8
22.4
19.0
19.2
16.3
16.8
14.3
13.5
11.4
11.2
9.51
9.62
8.15
8.42
7.13
7.48
6.34
6.73
5.71
5.61
4.76
124
103
24.1
24.4
2.89
2.44
36.1
31.0
24.1
20.6
18.0
15.5
14.4
12.4
12.0
10.3
10.3
8.85
9.02
7.74
7.22
6.19
6.02
5.16
5.16
4.42
4.51
3.87
4.01
3.44
3.61
3.10
3.01
2.58
92.1
77.3
16.3
16.5
2.67
2.25
31.8
27.4
21.2
18.3
15.9
13.7
12.7
11.0
10.6
9.14
9.09
7.83
7.95
6.85
6.36
5.48
5.30
4.57
4.54
3.92
3.98
3.43
3.53
3.05
3.18
2.74
2.65
2.28
90.9
76.3
11.3
11.6

0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
1.6 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-2(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
1350
1130
601
504
338
283
216
181
150
126
110
92.6
84.5
70.9
54.1
45.4
37.6
31.5
27.6
23.1
21.1
17.7
16.7
14.0
13.5
11.3
9.39
7.87
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
595
502
264
223
149
126
16.5
14.0
12.1
10.2
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
292
248
130
110
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
158
135
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
Note:
1.
95.2
80.4
66.1
55.8
48.6
41.0
37.2
31.4
23.8
20.1
73.0
62.0
46.7
39.7
32.5
27.6
23.8
20.3
18.3
15.5
11.7
9.92
8.12
6.89
70.2
60.2
39.5
33.9
25.3
21.7
17.6
15.0
12.9
11.1
9.87
8.46
6.32
5.42
63.2
55.1
28.1
24.5
15.8
13.8
10.1
8.82
7.03
6.13
5.16
4.50
3.95
3.45
54.0
47.4
24.0
21.1
13.5
11.8
8.64
7.58
6.00
5.26
4.41
3.87
3.38
2.96
Serviceabilty Load W *S1 = 185EI / (250L2)
9.29
7.85
7.34
6.20
5.95
5.02
4.13
3.49
5.96
5.06
4.56
3.88
3.61
3.06
2.92
2.48
2.03
1.72
4.39
3.76
3.22
2.76
2.47
2.12
1.95
1.67
1.58
1.35
1.10
0.940
2.53
2.21
1.76
1.53
1.29
1.13
0.988
0.861
0.781
0.681
0.632
0.551
0.439
0.383
2.16
1.90
1.50
1.32
1.10
0.967
0.844
0.740
0.667
0.585
0.540
0.474
0.375
0.329
D8-27
D8-28
TABLE D8.2-3(1)(A)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
238
206
168
120
91.0
65.1
119
103
84.1
60.1
45.5
32.5
79.4
68.6
56.1
40.1
30.3
21.7
59.6
51.4
42.1
30.1
22.7
16.3
47.7
41.2
33.6
24.1
18.2
13.0
39.7
34.3
28.0
20.0
15.2
10.8
34.0
29.4
24.0
17.2
13.0
9.30
29.8
25.7
21.0
15.0
11.4
8.13
26.5
22.9
18.7
13.4
10.1
7.23
23.8
20.6
16.8
12.0
9.10
6.51
21.7
18.7
15.3
10.9
8.27
5.92
19.9
17.1
14.0
10.0
7.58
5.42
18.3
15.8
12.9
9.25
7.00
5.01
17.0
14.7
12.0
8.59
6.50
4.65
406
346
283
217
182
147
95.4
77.9
55.5
39.9
47.7
38.9
27.8
19.9
31.8
26.0
18.5
13.3
23.8
19.5
13.9
9.97
19.1
15.6
11.1
7.98
15.9
13.0
9.25
6.65
13.6
11.1
7.93
5.70
11.9
9.74
6.94
4.98
10.6
8.65
6.17
4.43
9.54
7.79
5.55
3.99
8.67
7.08
5.05
3.63
7.95
6.49
4.63
3.32
7.34
5.99
4.27
3.07
6.81
5.56
3.96
2.85
194
163
132
107
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
116
159
183
57.8
79.5
91.6
38.5
53.0
61.1
28.9
39.8
`45.8
23.1
31.8
36.6
19.3
26.5
30.5
16.5
22.7
26.2
14.5
19.9
22.9
12.8
17.7
20.4
11.6
15.9
18.3
10.5
14.5
16.7
9.64
13.3
15.3
8.89
12.2
14.1
8.26
11.4
13.1
220
303
354
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
124
109
91.5
82.0
71.9
55.2
42.3
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
21.2
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
14.1
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
10.6
24.9
21.8
18.3
16.4
14.4
11.0
8.47
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
7.06
17.8
15.6
13.1
11.7
10.3
7.89
6.05
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
5.29
13.8
12.1
10.2
9.11
7.99
6.13
4.70
12.4
10.9
9.15
8.20
7.19
5.52
4.23
11.3
9.91
8.32
7.45
6.54
5.02
3.85
10.4
9.08
7.63
6.83
5.99
4.60
3.53
9.57
8.39
7.04
6.31
5.53
4.25
3.26
8.89
7.79
6.54
5.86
5.14
3.94
3.02
290
250
206
183
159
134
109
Notes:
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
1.6 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-3(1)(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
t
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
449
393
330
262
223
182
112
98.3
82.5
65.5
55.7
45.5
49.9
43.7
36.7
29.1
24.8
20.2
28.1
24.6
20.6
16.4
13.9
11.4
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
188
161
132
107
47.1
40.2
32.9
26.8
20.9
17.9
14.6
11.9
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
203
268
304
50.8
67.0
76.1
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
171
153
131
118
106
90.8
74.7
42.8
38.2
32.6
29.5
26.5
22.7
18.7
mm
mm mm
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
D8-29
Note:
1.
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
18.0
15.7
13.2
10.5
8.92
7.28
12.5
10.9
9.16
7.28
6.19
5.06
9.17
8.02
6.73
5.35
4.55
3.72
7.02
6.14
5.15
4.09
3.48
2.84
5.55
4.85
4.07
3.23
2.75
2.25
4.49
3.93
3.30
2.62
2.23
1.82
3.71
3.25
2.73
2.17
1.84
1.50
3.12
2.73
2.29
1.82
1.55
1.26
2.66
2.33
1.95
1.55
1.32
1.08
2.29
2.01
1.68
1.34
1.14
0.929
11.8
10.0
8.22
6.70
7.54
6.43
5.26
4.29
5.23
4.46
3.65
2.98
3.84
3.28
2.68
2.19
2.94
2.51
2.05
1.67
2.33
1.98
1.62
1.32
1.88
1.61
1.32
1.07
1.56
1.33
1.09
0.885
1.31
1.12
0.913
0.744
1.11
0.951
0.778
0.634
0.961
0.820
0.671
0.547
22.6
29.8
33.8
12.7
16.8
19.0
8.14
10.7
12.2
5.65
7.45
8.45
4.15
5.47
6.21
3.18
4.19
4.75
2.51
3.31
3.76
2.03
2.68
3.04
1.68
2.22
2.51
1.41
1.86
2.11
1.20
1.59
1.80
1.04
1.37
1.55
19.0
17.0
14.5
13.1
11.8
10.1
8.30
10.7
9.55
8.16
7.37
6.62
5.68
4.67
6.85
6.11
5.22
4.72
4.24
3.63
2.99
4.76
4.25
3.63
3.28
2.94
2.52
2.08
3.50
3.12
2.67
2.41
2.16
1.85
1.52
2.68
2.39
2.04
1.84
1.66
1.42
1.17
2.12
1.89
1.61
1.46
1.31
1.12
0.923
1.71
1.53
1.31
1.18
1.06
0.908
0.747
1.42
1.26
1.08
0.975
0.876
0.751
0.618
1.19
1.06
0.907
0.819
0.736
0.631
0.519
1.01
0.904
0.773
0.698
0.627
0.538
0.442
0.874
0.780
0.666
0.602
0.541
0.463
0.381
TABLE D8.2-3(2)(A)
D8-30

Standard Thickness
W *L1
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
249
218
183
164
144
110
78.6
178
158
133
107
88.6
63.5
45.4
85.3
73.8
60.8
52.3
42.6
30.7
43.6
37.1
32.2
26.8
21.8
27.4
23.9
20.1
16.6
14.3
11.9
11.1
9.50
8.01
4.86
166
145
122
109
95.9
73.6
52.4
119
105
89.0
71.6
59.1
42.4
30.3
56.8
49.2
40.6
34.9
28.4
20.5
29.1
24.7
21.5
17.9
14.5
18.3
16.0
13.4
11.1
9.53
7.95
7.40
6.33
5.34
3.24
124
109
91.5
82.0
71.9
55.2
39.3
89.1
78.8
66.7
53.7
44.3
31.8
22.7
42.6
36.9
30.4
26.2
21.3
15.4
21.8
18.5
16.1
13.4
10.9
13.7
12.0
10.0
8.31
7.15
5.96
5.55
4.75
4.00
2.43
99.6
87.2
73.2
65.6
57.5
44.2
31.4
71.3
63.1
53.4
43.0
35.5
25.4
18.2
34.1
29.5
24.3
20.9
17.0
12.3
17.5
14.8
12.9
10.7
8.73
11.0
9.58
8.02
6.65
5.72
4.77
4.44
3.80
3.20
1.95
83.0
72.7
61.0
54.7
47.9
36.8
26.2
59.4
52.5
44.5
35.8
29.5
21.2
15.1
28.4
24.6
20.3
17.4
14.2
10.2
14.5
12.4
10.7
8.93
7.27
9.13
7.98
6.68
5.54
4.76
3.98
3.70
3.17
2.67
1.62
71.1
62.3
52.3
46.8
41.1
31.5
22.5
50.9
45.0
38.1
30.7
25.3
18.2
13.0
24.4
21.1
17.4
14.9
12.2
8.78
12.5
10.6
9.20
7.65
6.23
7.83
6.84
5.73
4.75
4.08
3.41
3.17
2.71
2.29
1.39
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
19.7
44.6
39.4
33.4
26.8
22.2
15.9
11.4
21.3
18.4
15.2
13.1
10.7
7.68
10.9
9.27
8.05
6.70
5.45
6.85
5.99
5.01
4.16
3.57
2.98
2.77
2.38
2.00
1.22
49.8
43.6
36.6
32.8
28.8
22.1
15.7
35.7
31.5
26.7
21.5
17.7
12.7
9.08
17.1
14.8
12.2
10.5
8.52
6.14
8.73
7.42
6.44
5.36
4.36
5.48
4.79
4.01
3.33
2.86
2.39
2.22
1.90
1.60
0.973
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
13.1
29.7
26.3
22.2
17.9
14.8
10.6
7.57
14.2
12.3
10.1
8.72
7.10
5.12
7.27
6.18
5.36
4.46
3.64
4.57
3.99
3.34
2.77
2.38
1.99
1.85
1.58
1.33
0.811
35.6
31.1
26.1
23.4
20.5
15.8
11.2
25.5
22.5
19.1
15.3
12.7
9.08
6.49
12.2
10.5
8.69
7.47
6.09
4.39
6.24
5.30
4.60
3.83
3.12
3.91
3.42
2.86
2.38
2.04
1.70
1.59
1.36
1.14
0.695
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
9.83
22.3
19.7
16.7
13.4
11.1
7.94
5.68
10.7
9.22
7.60
6.54
5.33
3.84
5.46
4.64
4.02
3.35
2.73
3.43
2.99
2.51
2.08
1.79
1.49
1.39
1.19
1.00
0.608
Notes:
1.
0.9
2.
1.0
3.
1.0
4.
W *L1
8 Ms/L
5. W *L2 =
1.6 Vv
4.5
27.7
24.2
20.3
18.2
16.0
12.3
8.74
19.8
17.5
14.8
11.9
9.85
7.06
5.05
9.47
8.19
6.76
5.81
4.73
3.41
4.85
4.12
3.58
2.98
2.42
3.04
2.66
2.23
1.85
1.59
1.33
1.23
1.06
0.890
0.540
5.0
24.9
21.8
18.3
16.4
14.4
11.0
7.86
17.8
15.8
13.3
10.7
8.86
6.35
4.54
8.53
7.38
6.08
5.23
4.26
3.07
4.36
3.71
3.22
2.68
2.18
2.74
2.39
2.01
1.66
1.43
1.19
1.11
0.950
0.801
0.486
6.0
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
6.55
14.9
13.1
11.1
8.95
7.39
5.29
3.78
7.10
6.15
5.07
4.36
3.55
2.56
3.64
3.09
2.68
2.23
1.82
2.28
2.00
1.67
1.39
1.19
0.994
0.925
0.792
0.667
0.405
kN
290
250
206
183
159
134
109
244
211
175
136
115
93.7
75.9
154
129
101
86.4
70.7
57.5
98.3
78.3
67.2
55.3
45.2
66.8
57.6
47.6
39.1
39.9
32.9
38.4
32.3
26.8
20.6
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-3(2)(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

D8-31
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
685
611
522
472
424
363
299
418
378
327
269
232
191
157
152
135
115
100
83.8
69.3
62.3
55.2
48.6
41.1
34.3
35.2
31.3
26.7
22.4
16.1
13.7
10.0
8.78
7.55
3.60
305
272
232
210
188
162
133
186
168
145
119
103
85.0
69.8
67.6
60.2
51.2
44.6
37.2
30.8
27.7
24.5
21.6
18.3
15.2
15.7
13.9
11.9
9.97
7.16
6.07
4.45
3.90
3.36
1.60
171
153
131
118
106
90.8
74.7
105
94.5
81.7
67.2
57.9
47.8
39.2
38.0
33.8
28.8
25.1
20.9
17.3
15.6
13.8
12.2
10.3
8.58
8.80
7.83
6.67
5.61
4.03
3.42
2.50
2.20
1.89
0.899
110
97.8
83.6
75.5
67.8
58.1
47.8
66.9
60.4
52.3
43.0
37.0
30.6
25.1
24.3
21.7
18.4
16.0
13.4
11.1
9.97
8.83
7.78
6.57
5.49
5.63
5.01
4.27
3.59
2.58
2.19
1.60
1.41
1.21
0.576
76.2
67.9
58.0
52.4
47.1
40.4
33.2
46.5
42.0
36.3
29.9
25.7
21.3
17.4
16.9
15.0
12.8
11.1
9.31
7.70
6.92
6.13
5.40
4.57
3.81
3.91
3.48
2.96
2.49
1.79
1.52
1.11
0.976
0.839
0.400
Note:
1.
1.75
56.0
49.9
42.6
38.5
34.6
29.7
24.4
34.1
30.8
26.7
21.9
18.9
15.6
12.8
12.4
11.1
9.41
8.19
6.84
5.66
5.09
4.51
3.97
3.35
2.80
2.87
2.56
2.18
1.83
1.32
1.12
0.817
0.717
0.616
0.294
2.0
42.8
38.2
32.6
29.5
26.5
22.7
18.7
26.1
23.6
20.4
16.8
14.5
12.0
9.81
9.51
8.46
7.20
6.27
5.23
4.33
3.89
3.45
3.04
2.57
2.14
2.20
1.96
1.67
1.40
1.01
0.854
0.625
0.549
0.472
0.225
2.5
27.4
24.5
20.9
18.9
17.0
14.5
12.0
16.7
15.1
13.1
10.8
9.26
7.65
6.28
6.08
5.42
4.61
4.01
3.35
2.77
2.49
2.21
1.95
1.64
1.37
1.41
1.25
1.07
0.897
0.645
0.547
0.400
0.351
0.302
0.144
3.0
3.5
4.0
19.0
14.0
10.7
17.0
12.5
9.55
14.5
10.7
8.16
13.1
9.63
7.37
11.8
8.65
6.62
10.1
7.42
5.68
8.30
6.10
4.67
11.6
8.53
6.53
10.5
7.71
5.90
9.07
6.67
5.10
7.47
5.49
4.20
6.43
4.72
3.62
5.31
3.90
2.99
4.36
3.20
2.45
4.22
3.10
2.38
3.76
2.76
2.12
3.20
2.35
1.80
2.79
2.05
1.57
2.33
1.71
1.31
1.92
1.41
1.08
1.73
1.27
0.973
1.53
1.13
0.862
1.35
0.993
0.760
1.14
0.838
0.642
0.953
0.700
0.536
0.978
0.719
0.550
0.870
0.639
0.489
0.741
0.545
0.417
0.623
0.458
0.350
0.448
0.329
0.252
0.380
0.279
0.214
0.278
0.204
0.156
0.244
0.179
0.137
0.210
0.154
0.118
0.0999
0.0734
0.0562
4.5
5.0
6.0
8.46
7.55
6.45
5.83
5.23
4.49
3.69
5.16
4.66
4.03
3.32
2.86
2.36
1.94
1.88
1.67
1.42
1.24
1.03
0.855
0.769
0.681
0.600
0.507
0.424
0.435
0.387
0.329
0.277
0.199
0.169
0.124
0.108
0.0932
0.0444
6.85
6.11
5.22
4.72
4.24
3.63
2.99
4.18
3.78
3.27
2.69
2.32
1.91
1.57
1.52
1.35
1.15
1.00
0.838
0.693
0.623
0.552
0.486
0.411
0.343
0.352
0.313
0.267
0.224
0.161
0.137
0.100
0.0878
0.0755
0.0360
4.76
4.25
3.63
3.28
2.94
2.52
2.08
2.90
2.62
2.27
1.87
1.61
1.33
1.09
1.06
0.940
0.800
0.697
0.582
0.481
0.433
0.383
0.338
0.285
0.238
0.245
0.217
0.185
0.156
0.112
0.0949
0.0695
0.0610
0.0524
0.0250
D8-32
TABLE D8.2-4(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
201
150
134
99.7
100
74.8
80.2
59.8
66.9
49.8
57.3
42.7
50.1
37.4
40.1
29.9
33.4
24.9
28.7
21.4
25.1
18.7
22.3
16.6
20.1
15.0
16.7
12.5
203
169
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
131
97.1
87.0
64.7
65.3
48.6
52.2
38.8
43.5
32.4
37.3
27.7
32.6
24.3
26.1
19.4
21.8
16.2
18.6
13.9
16.3
12.1
14.5
10.8
13.1
9.71
10.9
8.09
149
124
13.1
11.2
107
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
78.6
52.4
39.3
31.4
26.2
22.5
19.6
15.7
9.82
8.73
7.86
6.55
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
57.5
48.7
38.3
32.5
28.8
24.4
23.0
19.5
19.2
16.2
16.4
13.9
14.4
12.2
11.5
9.75
9.58
8.12
8.21
6.96
7.19
6.09
6.39
5.42
5.75
4.87
4.79
4.06
95.5
80.2
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
35.2
30.1
23.5
20.1
17.6
15.0
14.1
12.0
11.7
10.0
10.1
8.60
8.80
7.52
7.04
6.02
5.86
5.01
5.03
4.30
4.40
3.76
3.91
3.34
3.52
3.01
2.93
2.51
74.0
62.5
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
26.1
22.4
17.4
15.0
13.0
11.2
10.4
8.98
7.45
6.41
6.52
5.61
5.21
4.49
4.34
3.74
3.72
3.21
3.26
2.80
2.90
2.49
2.61
2.24
2.17
1.87
63.2
53.7
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
8 Ms/L
1.6 Vv
8.69
7.48
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.2-4(B)

CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
Span of Beams (L) in metres
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
986
827
438
368
247
207
158
132
110
91.9
80.5
67.5
61.7
51.7
39.5
33.1
27.4
23.0
20.1
16.9
15.4
12.9
12.2
10.2
9.86
8.27
6.85
5.74
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
400
338
178
150
100
84.5
64.0
54.1
44.5
37.6
32.7
27.6
25.0
21.1
16.0
13.5
11.1
9.39
8.17
6.90
6.25
5.28
4.94
4.17
4.00
3.38
2.78
2.35
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
216
95.9
53.9
34.5
24.0
17.6
13.5
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
109
93.9
48.6
41.7
27.4
23.5
17.5
15.0
12.2
10.4
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
52.7
45.7
23.4
20.3
13.2
11.4
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
33.7
29.6
15.0
13.1
mm
Note:
mm mm
1.
8.43
7.39
8.63
5.99
4.40
3.37
2.66
2.16
1.50
8.94
7.66
6.84
5.87
4.38
3.76
3.04
2.61
2.23
1.92
1.71
1.47
1.35
1.16
1.09
0.939
0.760
0.652
8.43
7.32
5.85
5.08
4.30
3.73
3.29
2.86
2.11
1.83
1.46
1.27
1.08
0.933
0.823
0.715
0.650
0.565
0.527
0.457
0.366
0.318
5.40
4.73
3.75
3.28
2.75
2.41
2.11
1.85
1.35
1.18
0.937
0.821
0.689
0.603
0.527
0.462
0.417
0.365
0.337
0.296
0.234
0.205
D8-33
D8-34
TABLE D8.3-1(1)(A)

FIXED END BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
Standard Thickness
Designation
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
443
383
318
250
212
154
221
192
159
125
106
76.9
148
128
106
83.3
70.5
51.3
111
95.8
79.5
62.5
52.9
38.4
88.6
76.7
63.6
50.0
42.3
30.8
73.8
63.9
53.0
41.7
35.3
25.6
63.3
54.8
45.4
35.7
30.2
22.0
55.4
47.9
39.8
31.2
26.4
19.2
49.2
42.6
35.3
27.8
23.5
17.1
44.3
38.3
31.8
25.0
21.2
15.4
40.3
34.8
28.9
22.7
19.2
14.0
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
34.1
29.5
24.5
19.2
16.3
11.8
31.6
27.4
22.7
17.9
15.1
11.0
749
633
514
391
328
264
28.7
29.3
29.8
30.1
30.4
34.2
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
409
354
293
226
169
121
205
177
146
113
84.4
60.3
136
118
97.6
75.4
56.3
40.2
102
88.4
73.2
56.5
42.2
30.1
81.9
70.7
58.6
45.2
33.8
24.1
68.2
58.9
48.8
37.7
28.1
20.1
58.5
50.5
41.8
32.3
24.1
17.2
51.2
44.2
36.6
28.3
21.1
15.1
45.5
39.3
32.5
25.1
18.8
13.4
40.9
35.4
29.3
22.6
16.9
12.1
37.2
32.1
26.6
20.6
15.3
11.0
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
31.5
27.2
22.5
17.4
13.0
9.28
29.2
25.3
20.9
16.2
12.1
8.61
634
538
438
334
281
226
59.6
60.0
60.4
61.2
69.7
79.5
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
220
193
162
145
130
110
88.5
60.6
110
96.6
81.2
72.7
64.8
55.1
44.2
30.3
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
55.1
48.3
40.6
36.4
32.4
27.5
22.1
15.2
44.1
38.6
32.5
29.1
25.9
22.0
17.7
12.1
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
31.5
27.6
23.2
20.8
18.5
15.7
12.6
8.66
27.5
24.2
20.3
18.2
16.2
13.8
11.1
7.58
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
22.0
19.3
16.2
14.5
13.0
11.0
8.85
6.06
20.0
17.6
14.8
13.2
11.8
10.0
8.04
5.51
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
17.0
14.9
12.5
11.2
9.97
8.48
6.81
4.66
15.7
13.8
11.6
10.4
9.25
7.87
6.32
4.33
489
417
341
301
261
220
178
143
35.8
36.3
36.8
37.0
36.9
37.1
38.0
45.3
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9
1.0
1.0
12 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.3-1(1)(B)

FIXED END BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
1550
1360
1150
917
781
638
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
1280
1120
938
746
634
518
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
525
469
401
363
327
280
230
188
Note:
1.
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
389
341
287
229
195
159
173
152
128
102
86.7
70.8
97.1
85.3
71.7
57.3
48.8
39.8
62.2
54.6
45.9
36.7
31.2
25.5
43.2
37.9
31.9
25.5
21.7
17.7
31.7
27.8
23.4
18.7
15.9
13.0
24.3
21.3
17.9
14.3
12.2
9.96
19.2
16.8
14.2
11.3
9.64
7.87
15.5
13.6
11.5
9.17
7.81
6.38
12.8
11.3
9.49
7.58
6.45
5.27
10.8
9.47
7.97
6.37
5.42
4.43
9.20
8.07
6.79
5.43
4.62
3.77
7.93
6.96
5.86
4.68
3.98
3.25
320
280
235
187
159
129
142
124
104
82.9
70.5
57.5
79.9
69.9
58.6
46.6
39.7
32.4
51.1
44.7
37.5
29.8
25.4
20.7
35.5
31.1
26.1
20.7
17.6
14.4
26.1
22.8
19.1
15.2
12.9
10.6
20.0
17.5
14.7
11.7
9.91
8.09
15.8
13.8
11.6
9.21
7.83
6.39
12.8
11.2
9.38
7.46
6.34
5.18
10.6
9.24
7.75
6.17
5.24
4.28
8.88
7.77
6.51
5.18
4.41
3.60
7.56
6.62
5.55
4.41
3.75
3.06
6.52
5.71
4.79
3.81
3.24
2.64
58.4
52.1
44.6
40.3
36.3
31.1
25.6
20.9
32.8
29.3
25.1
22.7
20.4
17.5
14.4
11.8
21.0
18.8
16.1
14.5
13.1
11.2
9.21
7.53
14.6
13.0
11.2
10.1
9.08
7.78
6.40
5.23
10.7
9.58
8.19
7.40
6.67
5.72
4.70
3.84
8.21
7.33
6.27
5.67
5.11
4.38
3.60
2.94
6.48
5.79
4.96
4.48
4.04
3.46
2.84
2.32
5.25
4.69
4.01
3.63
3.27
2.80
2.30
1.88
4.34
3.88
3.32
3.00
2.70
2.32
1.90
1.56
3.65
3.26
2.79
2.52
2.27
1.95
1.60
1.31
3.11
2.78
2.38
2.15
1.94
1.66
1.36
1.11
2.68
2.39
2.05
1.85
1.67
1.43
1.18
0.961
131
117
100
90.7
81.8
70.0
57.6
47.1
D8-35
D8-36
TABLE D8.3-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
bending
about x-axis
W *L1
W *L2
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
441
386
325
291
259
220
177
121
294
258
216
194
173
147
118
80.8
220
193
162
145
130
110
88.5
60.6
176
155
130
116
104
88.1
70.8
48.5
147
129
108
97.0
86.4
73.5
59.0
40.4
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
273
242
206
166
142
115
80.3
182
161
137
111
94.6
76.4
53.5
136
121
103
83.0
70.9
57.3
40.1
109
96.8
82.2
66.4
56.7
45.8
32.1
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
97.8
80.8
66.2
65.2
53.8
44.2
48.9
40.4
33.1
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
129
107
91.9
75.8
86.0
71.2
61.3
50.5
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
57.0
49.6
41.4
34.3
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
50.1
43.9
36.8
30.5
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
FLR
FLR
FLR
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
126
110
92.8
83.1
74.0
63.0
50.6
34.6
110
96.6
81.2
72.7
64.8
55.1
44.2
30.3
88.1
77.3
64.9
58.2
51.8
44.1
35.4
24.2
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
63.0
55.2
46.4
41.6
37.0
31.5
25.3
17.3
55.1
48.3
40.6
36.4
32.4
27.5
22.1
15.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
44.1
38.6
32.5
29.1
25.9
22.0
17.7
12.1
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
489
417
341
301
261
220
178
143
35.8
36.3
36.8
37.0
36.9
37.1
38.0
45.3
90.9
80.7
68.5
55.4
47.3
38.2
26.8
77.9
69.1
58.7
47.4
40.5
32.7
22.9
68.2
60.5
51.4
41.5
35.5
28.6
20.1
54.6
48.4
41.1
33.2
28.4
22.9
16.1
45.5
40.3
34.3
27.7
23.6
19.1
13.4
39.0
34.6
29.4
23.7
20.3
16.4
11.5
34.1
30.2
25.7
20.8
17.7
14.3
10.0
30.3
26.9
22.8
18.5
15.8
12.7
8.92
27.3
24.2
20.6
16.6
14.2
11.5
8.03
22.7
20.2
17.1
13.8
11.8
9.54
6.69
356
306
252
195
165
134
108
40.4
40.9
41.3
41.3
41.5
42.4
49.5
39.1
32.3
26.5
32.6
26.9
22.1
27.9
23.1
18.9
24.4
20.2
16.6
19.6
16.2
13.2
16.3
13.5
11.0
14.0
11.5
9.46
12.2
10.1
8.28
10.9
8.97
7.36
9.78
8.08
6.62
8.15
6.73
5.52
158
128
104
14.5
14.8
15.0
64.5
53.4
45.9
37.9
51.6
42.7
36.8
30.3
43.0
35.6
30.6
25.3
36.9
30.5
26.3
21.7
32.3
26.7
23.0
19.0
25.8
21.4
18.4
15.2
21.5
17.8
15.3
12.6
18.4
15.3
13.1
10.8
16.1
13.4
11.5
9.48
14.3
11.9
10.2
8.42
12.9
10.7
9.19
7.58
10.8
8.90
7.66
6.32
212
165
139
113
26.0
26.2
26.4
26.7
38.0
33.1
27.6
22.8
28.5
24.8
20.7
17.1
22.8
19.8
16.6
13.7
19.0
16.5
13.8
11.4
16.3
14.2
11.8
9.79
14.2
12.4
10.4
8.57
11.4
9.92
8.29
6.85
9.50
8.27
6.91
5.71
8.14
7.09
5.92
4.90
7.12
6.20
5.18
4.28
6.33
5.51
4.60
3.81
5.70
4.96
4.14
3.43
4.75
4.14
3.45
2.86
122
104
85.2
69.3
17.6
17.9
18.2
18.4
33.4
29.2
24.5
20.3
25.1
21.9
18.4
15.3
20.1
17.5
14.7
12.2
16.7
14.6
12.3
10.2
14.3
12.5
10.5
8.72
12.5
11.0
9.19
7.63
10.0
8.77
7.35
6.10
8.36
7.31
6.13
5.08
7.16
6.26
5.25
4.36
6.27
5.48
4.60
3.81
5.57
4.87
4.08
3.39
5.01
4.39
3.68
3.05
4.18
3.65
3.06
2.54
121
103
84.1
68.4
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.0

= 0.9
= 1.0
4.
5.
6.
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
1.0
12 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.3-1(2)(B)

FIXED END BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

kg/m
0.5
D8-37
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
2100
1880
1610
1450
1310
1120
921
753
934
834
714
645
581
498
409
335
525
469
401
363
327
280
230
188
336
300
257
232
209
179
147
121
233
209
178
161
145
125
102
83.7
171
153
131
118
107
91.5
75.2
61.5
131
117
100
90.7
81.8
70.0
57.6
47.1
84.0
75.1
64.2
58.1
52.3
44.8
36.9
30.1
58.4
52.1
44.6
40.3
36.3
31.1
25.6
20.9
42.9
38.3
32.8
29.6
26.7
22.9
18.8
15.4
32.8
29.3
25.1
22.7
20.4
17.5
14.4
11.8
25.9
23.2
19.8
17.9
16.1
13.8
11.4
9.3
21.0
18.8
16.1
14.5
13.1
11.2
9.21
7.53
14.6
13.0
11.2
10.1
9.08
7.78
6.40
5.23
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
983
892
774
641
552
457
375
437
397
344
285
245
203
167
246
223
194
160
138
114
93.7
157
143
124
103
88.4
73.1
60.0
109
99.1
86.0
71.2
61.4
50.7
41.7
80.2
72.8
63.2
52.3
45.1
37.3
30.6
61.4
55.8
48.4
40.1
34.5
28.5
23.4
39.3
35.7
31.0
25.6
22.1
18.3
15.0
27.3
24.8
21.5
17.8
15.3
12.7
10.4
20.1
18.2
15.8
13.1
11.3
9.32
7.65
15.4
13.9
12.1
10.0
8.63
7.14
5.86
12.1
11.0
9.56
7.91
6.82
5.64
4.63
9.83
8.92
7.74
6.41
5.52
4.57
3.75
6.83
6.20
5.38
4.45
3.84
3.17
2.60
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
350
293
243
156
130
108
87.6
73.2
60.6
56.1
46.9
38.8
38.9
32.5
26.9
28.6
23.9
19.8
21.9
18.3
15.2
14.0
11.7
9.70
9.73
8.14
6.74
7.15
5.98
4.95
5.48
4.58
3.79
4.33
3.62
2.99
3.50
2.93
2.43
2.43
2.03
1.68
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
403
345
300
251
179
153
134
111
101
86.3
75.1
62.7
64.5
55.3
48.1
40.1
44.8
38.4
33.4
27.9
32.9
28.2
24.5
20.5
25.2
21.6
18.8
15.7
16.1
13.8
12.0
10.0
11.2
9.59
8.35
6.96
8.23
7.05
6.13
5.12
6.30
5.40
4.69
3.92
4.98
4.26
3.71
3.09
4.03
3.45
3.00
2.51
2.80
2.40
2.09
1.74
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
137
121
103
86.2
61.0
54.0
45.8
38.3
34.3
30.4
25.8
21.6
22.0
19.4
16.5
13.8
15.3
13.5
11.4
9.58
11.2
9.92
8.41
7.04
8.58
7.59
6.44
5.39
5.49
4.86
4.12
3.45
3.81
3.37
2.86
2.40
2.80
2.48
2.10
1.76
2.15
1.90
1.61
1.35
1.69
1.50
1.27
1.06
1.37
1.21
1.03
0.862
0.953
0.844
0.715
0.599
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
117
104
88.9
74.7
52.0
46.3
39.5
33.2
29.2
26.0
22.2
18.7
18.7
16.7
14.2
12.0
13.0
11.6
9.87
8.30
9.54
8.50
7.25
6.10
7.31
6.51
5.55
4.67
4.68
4.17
3.55
2.99
3.25
2.89
2.47
2.08
2.39
2.13
1.81
1.52
1.83
1.63
1.39
1.17
1.44
1.29
1.10
0.922
1.17
1.04
0.889
0.747
0.812
0.723
0.617
0.519
mm mm mm
Note:
1.
D8-38
TABLE D8.3-2(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
407
294
271
196
203
147
163
118
136
98.0
116
84.0
102
73.5
81.3
58.8
67.8
49.0
58.1
42.0
50.8
36.8
45.2
32.7
40.7
29.4
33.9
24.5
313
259
64.1
74.1
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
244
204
163
136
122
102
97.5
81.8
81.3
68.1
69.7
58.4
61.0
51.1
48.8
40.9
40.6
34.1
34.8
29.2
30.5
25.5
27.1
22.7
24.4
20.4
20.3
17.0
245
203
37.0
37.2
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
157
132
104
87.8
78.3
65.9
62.6
52.7
52.2
43.9
44.7
37.6
39.1
32.9
31.3
26.4
26.1
22.0
22.4
18.8
19.6
16.5
17.4
14.6
15.7
13.2
13.0
11.0
183
152
41.4
41.6
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
101
85.6
67.3
57.1
50.5
42.8
40.4
34.2
33.7
28.5
28.9
24.5
25.2
21.4
20.2
17.1
16.8
14.3
14.4
12.2
12.6
10.7
11.2
9.51
10.1
8.56
8.42
7.13
155
129
26.3
26.5
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
54.1
46.4
36.1
31.0
27.1
23.2
21.7
18.6
18.0
15.5
15.5
13.3
13.5
11.6
10.8
9.29
9.02
7.74
7.73
6.64
6.77
5.81
6.02
5.16
5.41
4.64
4.51
3.87
115
96.7
17.8
18.0
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
47.7
41.1
31.8
27.4
23.9
20.6
19.1
16.4
15.9
13.7
13.6
11.7
11.9
10.3
9.54
8.22
7.95
6.85
6.82
5.87
5.96
5.14
5.30
4.57
4.77
4.11
3.98
3.43
114
95.4
12.4
12.6
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9
1.0
1.0
12 Ms/L
2 Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.3-2(B)

FIXED END BEAMS
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
2810
2350
1250
1050
702
588
449
377
312
261
229
192
175
147
112
94.1
78.0
65.4
57.3
48.0
43.9
36.8
34.7
29.1
28.1
23.5
19.5
16.3
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
1230
1040
549
463
309
261
198
167
137
116
101
85.1
77.2
65.2
49.4
41.7
34.3
29.0
25.2
21.3
19.3
16.3
15.2
12.9
12.3
10.4
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
606
515
270
229
152
129
16.8
14.3
12.4
10.5
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
328
281
146
125
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
131
114
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
112
98.3
Note:
1.
97.0
82.4
67.4
57.2
49.5
42.0
37.9
32.2
24.3
20.6
82.0
70.3
52.5
45.0
36.4
31.2
26.8
22.9
20.5
17.6
13.1
11.2
58.3
50.9
32.8
28.6
21.0
18.3
14.6
12.7
10.7
9.34
8.20
7.15
49.8
43.7
28.0
24.6
17.9
15.7
12.5
10.9
9.15
8.03
7.01
6.15
8.57
7.24
9.47
8.05
7.49
6.36
6.06
5.15
4.21
3.58
9.11
7.81
6.69
5.74
5.12
4.39
4.05
3.47
3.28
2.81
2.28
1.95
5.25
4.58
3.65
3.18
2.68
2.34
2.05
1.79
1.62
1.41
1.31
1.14
0.912
0.795
4.48
3.93
3.11
2.73
2.29
2.01
1.75
1.54
1.38
1.21
1.12
0.983
0.778
0.683
D8-39
D8-40
TABLE D8.3-3(1)(A)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
357
309
252
180
136
97.6
179
154
126
90.2
68.2
48.8
119
103
84.1
60.1
45.5
32.5
89.4
77.2
63.1
45.1
34.1
24.4
71.5
61.7
50.5
36.1
27.3
19.5
59.6
51.4
42.1
30.1
22.7
16.3
51.1
44.1
36.0
25.8
19.5
13.9
44.7
38.6
31.5
22.6
17.1
12.2
143
117
83.3
59.8
71.5
58.4
41.6
29.9
47.7
38.9
27.8
19.9
35.8
29.2
20.8
15.0
28.6
23.4
16.7
12.0
23.8
19.5
13.9
9.97
20.4
16.7
11.9
8.55
86.7
119
137
57.8
79.5
91.6
43.4
59.6
68.7
34.7
47.7
55.0
28.9
39.8
45.8
93.3
81.8
68.6
61.5
53.9
41.4
31.8
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
21.2
46.7
40.9
34.3
30.7
27.0
20.7
15.9
37.3
32.7
27.5
24.6
21.6
16.6
12.7
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
10.6
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
173
239
275
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
187
164
137
123
108
82.8
63.5
Notes:
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
12 Ms/L
2.0 Vv
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
39.7
34.3
28.0
20.0
15.2
10.8
35.7
30.9
25.2
18.0
13.6
9.76
32.5
28.1
22.9
16.4
12.4
8.87
29.8
25.7
21.0
15.0
11.4
8.13
27.5
23.7
19.4
13.9
10.5
7.51
25.5
22.0
18.0
12.9
9.75
6.97
507
432
353
271
228
184
17.9
14.6
10.4
7.48
15.9
13.0
9.25
6.65
14.3
11.7
8.33
5.98
13.0
10.6
7.57
5.44
11.9
9.74
6.94
4.98
11.0
8.99
6.40
4.60
10.2
8.34
5.95
4.27
242
204
165
133
24.8
34.1
39.3
21.7
29.8
34.4
19.3
26.5
30.5
17.3
23.9
27.5
15.8
21.7
25.0
14.5
19.9
22.9
13.3
18.4
21.1
12.4
17.0
19.6
275
379
443
26.7
23.4
19.6
17.6
15.4
11.8
9.07
23.3
20.4
17.2
15.4
13.5
10.4
7.94
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
7.06
18.7
16.4
13.7
12.3
10.8
8.28
6.35
17.0
14.9
12.5
11.2
9.81
7.53
5.77
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
5.29
14.4
12.6
10.6
9.46
8.30
6.37
4.89
13.3
11.7
9.80
8.78
7.70
5.91
4.54
363
312
257
228
199
168
136
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.3-3(1)(B)

FIXED END BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
t
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
933
816
685
544
463
378
233
204
171
136
116
94.5
104
90.7
76.1
60.4
51.4
42.0
58.3
51.0
42.8
34.0
28.9
23.6
37.3
32.6
27.4
21.8
18.5
15.1
25.9
22.7
19.0
15.1
12.9
10.5
19.0
16.7
14.0
11.1
9.44
7.71
14.6
12.8
10.7
8.50
7.23
5.90
11.5
10.1
8.45
6.71
5.71
4.67
9.33
8.16
6.85
5.44
4.63
3.78
7.71
6.75
5.66
4.49
3.82
3.12
6.48
5.67
4.76
3.78
3.21
2.62
5.52
4.83
4.05
3.22
2.74
2.24
4.76
4.16
3.49
2.77
2.36
1.93
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
391
333
273
222
97.8
83.4
68.2
55.6
43.4
37.1
30.3
24.7
24.4
20.8
17.1
13.9
15.6
13.3
10.9
8.90
10.9
9.26
7.58
6.18
7.98
6.81
5.57
4.54
6.11
5.21
4.27
3.47
4.83
4.12
3.37
2.75
3.91
3.33
2.73
2.22
3.23
2.76
2.26
1.84
2.72
2.32
1.90
1.54
2.31
1.97
1.62
1.32
1.99
1.70
1.39
1.13
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
422
556
631
46.9
61.8
70.2
26.4
34.8
39.5
16.9
22.3
25.3
11.7
15.5
17.5
8.62
11.4
12.9
6.60
8.69
9.87
5.21
6.87
7.80
4.22
5.56
6.31
3.49
4.60
5.22
2.93
3.86
4.39
2.50
3.29
3.74
2.15
2.84
3.22
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
356
317
271
245
220
189
155
39.5
35.3
30.1
27.2
24.4
21.0
17.2
22.2
19.8
16.9
15.3
13.8
11.8
9.69
14.2
12.7
10.8
9.80
8.80
7.54
6.20
7.26
6.48
5.53
5.00
4.49
3.85
3.17
5.56
4.96
4.24
3.83
3.44
2.95
2.42
4.39
3.92
3.35
3.02
2.72
2.33
1.91
3.56
3.17
2.71
2.45
2.20
1.89
1.55
2.94
2.62
2.24
2.02
1.82
1.56
1.28
2.47
2.20
1.88
1.70
1.53
1.31
1.08
2.10
1.88
1.60
1.45
1.30
1.12
0.918
1.81
1.62
1.38
1.25
1.12
0.962
0.791
mm
mm mm
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
D8-41
Note:
1.
106
139
158
88.9
79.3
67.8
61.2
55.0
47.1
38.8
9.88
8.81
7.53
6.80
6.11
5.24
4.31
TABLE D8.3-3(2)(A)
D8-42

Standard Thickness
bending
about x-axis
W *L1
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
373
327
275
246
216
166
118
267
236
200
161
133
95.3
68.1
128
111
91.2
78.5
63.9
46.1
65.5
55.6
48.3
40.2
32.7
41.1
35.9
30.1
24.9
21.4
17.9
16.6
14.3
12.0
7.30
Notes:
1.
0.9
2.
0.75
249
218
183
164
144
110
78.6
178
158
133
107
88.6
63.5
45.4
85.3
73.8
60.8
52.3
42.6
30.7
43.6
37.1
32.2
26.8
21.8
27.4
23.9
20.1
16.6
14.3
11.9
11.1
9.50
8.01
4.86
=
1.0
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
187
164
137
123
108
82.8
59.0
134
118
100
80.5
66.5
47.6
34.1
63.9
55.3
45.6
39.2
32.0
23.0
32.7
27.8
24.1
20.1
16.4
20.6
18.0
15.0
12.5
10.7
8.95
8.32
7.13
6.01
3.65
149
131
110
98.4
86.3
66.2
47.2
107
94.6
80.1
64.4
53.2
38.1
27.2
51.2
44.3
36.5
31.4
25.6
18.4
26.2
22.3
19.3
16.1
13.1
16.4
14.4
12.0
9.98
8.57
7.16
6.66
5.70
4.80
2.92
124
109
91.5
82.0
71.9
55.2
39.3
89.1
78.8
66.7
53.7
44.3
31.8
22.7
42.6
36.9
30.4
26.2
21.3
15.4
21.8
18.5
16.1
13.4
10.9
13.7
12.0
10.0
8.31
7.15
5.96
5.55
4.75
4.00
2.43
107
93.4
78.4
70.3
61.6
47.3
33.7
76.4
67.6
57.2
46.0
38.0
27.2
19.5
36.5
31.6
26.1
22.4
18.3
13.2
18.7
15.9
13.8
11.5
9.35
11.7
10.3
8.59
7.13
6.12
5.11
4.76
4.07
3.43
2.08
93.3
81.8
68.6
61.5
53.9
41.4
29.5
66.8
59.1
50.1
40.3
33.2
23.8
17.0
32.0
27.7
22.8
19.6
16.0
11.5
16.4
13.9
12.1
10.0
8.18
10.3
8.98
7.52
6.24
5.36
4.47
4.16
3.56
3.00
1.82
74.7
65.4
54.9
49.2
43.1
33.1
23.6
53.5
47.3
40.0
32.2
26.6
19.1
13.6
25.6
22.1
18.2
15.7
12.8
9.22
13.1
11.1
9.66
8.04
6.55
8.22
7.18
6.02
4.99
4.29
3.58
3.33
2.85
2.40
1.46
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
19.7
44.6
39.4
33.4
26.8
22.2
15.9
11.4
21.3
18.4
15.2
13.1
10.7
7.68
10.9
9.27
8.05
6.70
5.45
6.85
5.99
5.01
4.16
3.57
2.98
2.77
2.38
2.00
1.22
53.3
46.7
39.2
35.1
30.8
23.7
16.8
38.2
33.8
28.6
23.0
19.0
13.6
9.73
18.3
15.8
13.0
11.2
9.13
6.58
9.35
7.95
6.90
5.74
4.68
5.87
5.13
4.30
3.56
3.06
2.56
2.38
2.04
1.72
1.04
46.7
40.9
34.3
30.7
27.0
20.7
14.7
33.4
29.6
25.0
20.1
16.6
11.9
8.51
16.0
13.8
11.4
9.81
7.99
5.76
8.18
6.95
6.03
5.02
4.09
5.14
4.49
3.76
3.12
2.68
2.24
2.08
1.78
1.50
0.912
5. W *L2 =
2 Vv
3.
1.0
4.
W *L1
12 Ms/L
4.5
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
13.1
29.7
26.3
22.2
17.9
14.8
10.6
7.57
14.2
12.3
10.1
8.72
7.10
5.12
7.27
6.18
5.36
4.46
3.64
4.57
3.99
3.34
2.77
2.38
1.99
1.85
1.58
1.33
0.811
5.0
37.3
32.7
27.5
24.6
21.6
16.6
11.8
26.7
23.6
20.0
16.1
13.3
9.53
6.81
12.8
11.1
9.12
7.85
6.39
4.61
6.55
5.56
4.83
4.02
3.27
4.11
3.59
3.01
2.49
2.14
1.79
1.66
1.43
1.20
0.730
6.0
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
9.83
22.3
19.7
16.7
13.4
11.1
7.94
5.68
10.7
9.22
7.60
6.54
5.33
3.84
5.46
4.64
4.02
3.35
2.73
3.43
2.99
2.51
2.08
1.79
1.49
1.39
1.19
1.00
0.608
kN
363
312
257
228
199
168
136
305
264
219
170
144
117
94.9
192
161
127
108
88.3
71.9
123
97.9
84.0
69.1
56.5
83.5
72.0
59.5
48.8
49.9
41.2
48.0
40.3
33.5
25.8
TABLE D8.3-3(2)(B)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

FIXED END BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d

D8-43
mm mm mm
kg/m
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
Note:
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
1.
0.5
1420
1270
1080
980
880
754
620
868
784
678
558
481
397
326
316
281
239
208
174
144
129
115
101
85.3
71.2
73.1
65.0
55.4
46.6
33.4
28.4
20.8
18.2
15.7
7.47
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
632
564
482
435
391
335
276
386
349
301
248
214
176
145
140
125
106
92.5
77.3
63.9
57.5
50.9
44.9
37.9
31.6
32.5
28.9
24.6
20.7
14.9
12.6
9.23
8.10
6.96
3.32
356
317
271
245
220
189
155
217
196
170
140
120
99.3
81.5
78.9
70.3
59.8
52.1
43.5
36.0
32.3
28.6
25.2
21.3
17.8
18.3
16.2
13.8
11.6
8.36
7.09
5.19
4.56
3.92
1.87
228
203
173
157
141
121
99.3
139
125
108
89.3
76.9
63.5
52.1
50.5
45.0
38.3
33.3
27.8
23.0
20.7
18.3
16.2
13.6
11.4
11.7
10.4
8.86
7.45
5.35
4.54
3.32
2.92
2.51
1.19
158
116
141
104
120
88.5
109
80.0
97.8
71.8
83.8
61.6
68.9
50.6
96.4
70.8
87.1
64.0
75.3
55.3
62.0
45.6
53.4
39.2
44.1
32.4
36.2
26.6
35.1
25.8
31.2
22.9
26.6
19.5
23.1
17.0
19.3
14.2
16.0
11.7
14.4
10.6
12.7
9.35
11.2
8.24
9.48
6.96
7.91
5.81
8.12
5.97
7.22
5.31
6.15
4.52
5.17
3.80
3.72
2.73
3.15
2.32
2.31
1.70
2.03
1.49
1.74
1.28
0.830
0.610
1.75
2.0
88.9
79.3
67.8
61.2
55.0
47.1
38.8
54.2
49.0
42.4
34.9
30.0
24.8
20.4
19.7
17.6
15.0
13.0
10.9
8.99
8.08
7.16
6.31
5.33
4.45
4.57
4.06
3.46
2.91
2.09
1.77
1.30
1.14
0.979
0.467
2.5
56.9
50.8
43.4
39.2
35.2
30.2
24.8
34.7
31.4
27.1
22.3
19.2
15.9
13.0
12.6
11.2
9.57
8.33
6.95
5.75
5.17
4.58
4.04
3.41
2.85
2.92
2.60
2.22
1.86
1.34
1.13
0.831
0.729
0.627
0.299
3.0
39.5
35.3
30.1
27.2
24.4
21.0
17.2
24.1
21.8
18.8
15.5
13.3
11.0
9.05
8.77
7.81
6.64
5.78
4.83
4.00
3.59
3.18
2.80
2.37
1.98
2.03
1.81
1.54
1.29
0.929
0.788
0.577
0.506
0.435
0.207
3.5
29.0
25.9
22.1
20.0
18.0
15.4
12.7
17.7
16.0
13.8
11.4
9.81
8.10
6.65
6.44
5.74
4.88
4.25
3.55
2.94
2.64
2.34
2.06
1.74
1.45
1.49
1.33
1.13
0.950
0.683
0.579
0.424
0.372
0.320
0.152
4.0
22.2
19.8
16.9
15.3
13.8
11.8
9.69
13.6
12.3
10.6
8.72
7.51
6.20
5.09
4.93
4.39
3.74
3.25
2.72
2.25
2.02
1.79
1.58
1.33
1.11
1.14
1.02
0.865
0.727
0.523
0.443
0.324
0.285
0.245
0.117
4.5
5.0
17.6
14.2
15.7
12.7
13.4
10.8
12.1
9.80
10.9
8.80
9.31
7.54
7.66
6.20
10.7
8.68
9.68
7.84
8.37
6.78
6.89
5.58
5.93
4.81
4.90
3.97
4.02
3.26
3.90
3.16
3.47
2.81
2.95
2.39
2.57
2.08
2.15
1.74
1.78
1.44
1.60
1.29
1.41
1.15
1.25
1.01
1.05
0.853
0.879
0.712
0.902
0.731
0.802
0.650
0.684
0.554
0.575
0.466
0.413
0.334
0.350
0.284
0.256
0.208
0.225
0.182
0.193
0.157
0.0922
0.0747
6.0
9.88
8.81
7.53
6.80
6.11
5.24
4.31
6.03
5.45
4.71
3.88
3.34
2.76
2.26
2.19
1.95
1.66
1.45
1.21
0.999
0.898
0.796
0.701
0.592
0.494
0.508
0.451
0.385
0.323
0.232
0.197
0.144
0.127
0.109
0.0519
D8-44
TABLE D8.3-4(A)


Maximum Design Load W*L is LESSER of W*L1 and W*L2
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
301
224
201
150
150
112
120
89.7
100
74.8
86.0
64.1
75.2
56.1
60.2
44.9
50.1
37.4
43.0
32.0
37.6
28.0
33.4
24.9
30.1
22.4
25.1
18.7
254
211
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
196
146
131
97.1
97.9
72.8
78.3
58.3
65.3
48.6
55.9
41.6
48.9
36.4
39.2
29.1
32.6
24.3
28.0
20.8
24.5
18.2
21.8
16.2
19.6
14.6
16.3
12.1
187
155
118
13.1
11.8
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
78.6
58.9
47.2
39.3
33.7
29.5
23.6
19.6
16.8
14.7
9.82
133
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
86.3
73.1
57.5
48.7
43.1
36.6
34.5
29.2
28.8
24.4
24.6
20.9
21.6
18.3
17.3
14.6
14.4
12.2
12.3
10.4
10.8
9.14
9.58
8.12
8.63
7.31
7.19
6.09
119
100
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
52.8
45.1
35.2
30.1
26.4
22.6
21.1
18.1
17.6
15.0
15.1
12.9
13.2
11.3
10.6
9.03
8.80
7.52
7.54
6.45
6.60
5.64
5.86
5.01
5.28
4.51
4.40
3.76
92.5
78.2
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
39.1
33.7
26.1
22.4
19.6
16.8
15.6
13.5
13.0
11.2
11.2
9.62
7.82
6.73
6.52
5.61
5.59
4.81
4.89
4.21
4.34
3.74
3.91
3.37
3.26
2.80
79.0
67.1
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
12 Ms/L
2 Vv
9.78
8.41
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.3-4(B)

FIXED END BEAMS

Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
2050
1720
910
763
512
429
328
275
227
191
167
140
128
107
81.9
68.7
56.9
47.7
41.8
35.0
32.0
26.8
25.3
21.2
20.5
17.2
14.2
11.9
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
831
702
369
312
208
175
133
112
17.0
14.3
13.0
11.0
10.3
8.66
8.31
7.02
5.77
4.87
112
mm
mm mm
92.3
78.0
67.8
57.3
51.9
43.9
33.2
28.1
23.1
19.5
17.9
12.4
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
448
199
71.7
49.8
36.6
28.0
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
227
195
101
86.6
56.8
48.7
36.4
31.2
25.2
21.7
18.5
15.9
14.2
12.2
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
109
94.9
48.6
42.2
27.3
23.7
17.5
15.2
12.2
10.5
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
70.0
61.3
31.1
27.3
17.5
15.3
11.2
9.81
Note:
1.
7.78
6.82
9.14
7.00
5.53
4.48
3.11
9.09
7.79
6.31
5.41
4.64
3.98
3.55
3.04
2.80
2.41
2.27
1.95
1.58
1.35
8.93
7.75
6.83
5.93
4.37
3.80
3.04
2.64
2.23
1.94
1.71
1.48
1.35
1.17
1.09
0.949
0.759
0.659
5.72
5.01
4.38
3.83
2.80
2.45
1.95
1.70
1.43
1.25
1.09
0.958
0.865
0.757
0.700
0.613
0.486
0.426
D8-45
D8-46
TABLE D8.4-1(1)(A)

CANTILEVER BEAMS WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT
Standard Thickness
Designation
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
73.8
63.9
53.0
41.7
35.3
25.6
36.9
31.9
26.5
20.8
17.6
12.8
24.6
21.3
17.7
13.9
11.8
8.54
18.5
16.0
13.3
10.4
8.81
6.41
14.8
12.8
10.6
8.33
7.05
5.13
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
68.2
58.9
48.8
37.7
28.1
20.1
34.1
29.5
24.4
18.8
14.1
10.0
22.7
19.6
16.3
12.6
9.38
6.70
17.1
14.7
12.2
9.42
7.03
5.02
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
12.2
10.7
9.02
8.08
7.20
6.12
4.92
3.37
9.18
8.05
6.77
6.06
5.40
4.59
3.69
2.53
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W*L2
FLR
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
7.0
8.0
9.0
12.3
10.6
8.83
6.94
5.83
4.27
10.5
9.13
7.57
5.95
5.04
3.66
9.23
7.98
6.63
5.21
4.41
3.20
13.6
11.8
9.76
7.54
5.63
4.02
11.4
9.82
8.14
6.28
4.69
3.35
9.75
8.42
6.97
5.38
4.02
2.87
7.35
6.44
5.41
4.85
4.32
3.67
2.95
2.02
6.12
5.37
4.51
4.04
3.60
3.06
2.46
1.68
5.25
4.60
3.87
3.46
3.08
2.62
2.11
1.44

0.9
1.0
1.0
2 Ms/L
Vv
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
8.20
7.10
5.89
4.63
3.92
2.85
7.38
6.39
5.30
4.17
3.53
2.56
6.71
5.81
4.82
3.79
3.20
2.33
6.15
5.32
4.42
3.47
2.94
2.14
5.68
4.91
4.08
3.20
2.71
1.97
5.27
4.56
3.79
2.98
2.52
1.83
374
316
257
195
164
132
26.4
26.9
27.4
27.6
27.9
31.4
8.53
7.37
6.10
4.71
3.52
2.51
7.58
6.55
5.42
4.19
3.13
2.23
6.82
5.89
4.88
3.77
2.81
2.01
6.20
5.36
4.44
3.43
2.56
1.83
5.68
4.91
4.07
3.14
2.34
1.67
5.25
4.53
3.76
2.90
2.16
1.55
4.87
4.21
3.49
2.69
2.01
1.44
317
269
219
167
140
113
54.7
55.1
55.5
56.2
64.0
73.0
4.59
4.03
3.38
3.03
2.70
2.30
1.84
1.26
4.08
3.58
3.01
2.69
2.40
2.04
1.64
1.12
3.67
3.22
2.71
2.42
2.16
1.84
1.47
1.01
3.34
2.93
2.46
2.20
1.96
1.67
1.34
0.918
3.06
2.68
2.26
2.02
1.80
1.53
1.23
0.842
2.83
2.48
2.08
1.87
1.66
1.41
1.13
0.777
2.62
2.30
1.93
1.73
1.54
1.31
1.05
0.721
244
208
170
151
131
110
88.9
71.7
32.8
33.3
33.8
34.0
33.9
34.1
34.9
41.6
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.4-1(1)(B)

CANTILEVER BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
150 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
32.4
28.4
23.9
19.1
16.3
13.3
8.10
7.11
5.98
4.78
4.07
3.32
3.60
3.16
2.66
2.12
1.81
1.48
2.02
1.78
1.49
1.19
1.02
0.830
1.30
1.14
0.956
0.764
0.650
0.531
0.899
0.790
0.664
0.531
0.452
0.369
0.661
0.580
0.488
0.390
0.332
0.271
0.506
0.444
0.374
0.299
0.254
0.208
0.400
0.351
0.295
0.236
0.201
0.164
0.324
0.284
0.239
0.191
0.163
0.133
0.268
0.235
0.198
0.158
0.134
0.110
0.225
0.197
0.166
0.133
0.113
0.0922
0.192
0.168
0.141
0.113
0.0962
0.0786
0.165
0.145
0.122
0.0975
0.0830
0.0678
125 x 75 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
16.7
14.2
11.6
8.96
7.53
6.07
26.6
23.3
19.5
15.5
13.2
10.8
6.66
5.83
4.89
3.89
3.30
2.70
2.96
2.59
2.17
1.73
1.47
1.20
1.66
1.46
1.22
0.971
0.826
0.674
1.07
0.932
0.782
0.622
0.529
0.431
0.740
0.647
0.543
0.432
0.367
0.300
0.544
0.476
0.399
0.317
0.270
0.220
0.416
0.364
0.305
0.243
0.207
0.169
0.329
0.288
0.241
0.192
0.163
0.133
0.266
0.233
0.195
0.155
0.132
0.108
0.220
0.193
0.162
0.128
0.109
0.0892
0.185
0.162
0.136
0.108
0.0918
0.0749
0.158
0.138
0.116
0.0920
0.0782
0.0638
0.136
0.119
0.0997
0.0793
0.0674
0.0550
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
10.9
9.78
8.36
7.56
6.81
5.84
4.80
3.92
2.74
2.44
2.09
1.89
1.70
1.46
1.20
0.981
1.22
1.09
0.929
0.840
0.757
0.649
0.533
0.436
0.684
0.611
0.523
0.472
0.426
0.365
0.300
0.245
0.438
0.391
0.335
0.302
0.273
0.233
0.192
0.157
0.304
0.272
0.232
0.210
0.189
0.162
0.133
0.109
0.223
0.200
0.171
0.154
0.139
0.119
0.0979
0.0801
0.171
0.153
0.131
0.118
0.106
0.0912
0.0750
0.0613
0.135
0.121
0.103
0.0933
0.0841
0.0721
0.0592
0.0484
0.109
0.0978
0.0836
0.0756
0.0681
0.0584
0.0480
0.0392
0.0904
0.0808
0.0691
0.0625
0.0563
0.0482
0.0397
0.0324
0.0760
0.0679
0.0581
0.0525
0.0473
0.0405
0.0333
0.0272
0.0647
0.0579
0.0495
0.0447
0.0403
0.0345
0.0284
0.0232
0.0558
0.0499
0.0427
0.0386
0.0348
0.0298
0.0245
0.0200
Note:
1.
D8-47
D8-48
TABLE D8.4-1(2)(A)

Standard Thickness
bending
about x-axis
W *L1
W *L2
Maximum Design Load W*L is LESSER of W*L1 and W*L2
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
100 x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
73.5
64.4
54.1
48.5
43.2
36.7
29.5
20.2
49.0
42.9
36.1
32.3
28.8
24.5
19.7
13.5
36.7
32.2
27.1
24.2
21.6
18.4
14.7
10.1
29.4
25.8
21.6
19.4
17.3
14.7
11.8
8.08
24.5
21.5
18.0
16.2
14.4
12.2
9.83
6.73
21.0
18.4
15.5
13.9
12.3
10.5
8.43
5.77
18.4
16.1
13.5
12.1
10.8
9.18
7.37
5.05
14.7
12.9
10.8
9.70
8.64
7.35
5.90
4.04
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
45.5
40.3
34.3
27.7
23.6
19.1
13.4
30.3
26.9
22.8
18.5
15.8
12.7
8.92
22.7
20.2
17.1
13.8
11.8
9.54
6.69
18.2
16.1
13.7
11.1
9.46
7.64
5.35
15.2
13.4
11.4
9.23
7.88
6.36
4.46
13.0
11.5
9.79
7.91
6.75
5.45
3.82
11.4
10.1
8.56
6.92
5.91
4.77
3.34
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
16.3
13.5
11.0
10.9
8.97
7.36
8.15
6.73
5.52
6.52
5.38
4.42
5.43
4.49
3.68
4.66
3.85
3.15
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
21.5
17.8
15.3
12.6
14.3
11.9
10.2
8.42
10.8
8.90
7.66
6.32
8.60
7.12
6.13
5.05
7.17
5.94
5.10
4.21
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
9.50
8.27
6.91
5.71
6.33
5.51
4.60
3.81
4.75
4.14
3.45
2.86
3.80
3.31
2.76
2.28
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
8.36
7.31
6.13
5.08
5.57
4.87
4.08
3.39
4.18
3.65
3.06
2.54
3.34
2.92
2.45
2.03
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
FLR
FLR
FLR
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
12.2
10.7
9.02
8.08
7.20
6.12
4.92
3.37
10.5
9.20
7.73
6.93
6.17
5.25
4.21
2.89
9.18
8.05
6.77
6.06
5.40
4.59
3.69
2.53
8.16
7.16
6.01
5.39
4.80
4.08
3.28
2.24
7.35
6.44
5.41
4.85
4.32
3.67
2.95
2.02
6.12
5.37
4.51
4.04
3.60
3.06
2.46
1.68
244
208
170
151
131
110
88.9
71.7
32.8
33.3
33.8
34.0
33.9
34.1
34.9
41.6
9.09
8.07
6.85
5.54
4.73
3.82
2.68
7.58
6.72
5.71
4.61
3.94
3.18
2.23
6.49
5.76
4.89
3.95
3.38
2.73
1.91
5.68
5.04
4.28
3.46
2.95
2.39
1.67
5.05
4.48
3.81
3.08
2.63
2.12
1.49
4.55
4.03
3.43
2.77
2.36
1.91
1.34
3.79
3.36
2.85
2.31
1.97
1.59
1.11
178
153
126
97.4
82.3
66.8
54.0
37.1
37.5
38.0
37.9
38.1
38.9
45.4
4.07
3.36
2.76
3.26
2.69
2.21
2.72
2.24
1.84
2.33
1.92
1.58
2.04
1.68
1.38
1.81
1.50
1.23
1.63
1.35
1.10
1.36
1.12
0.920
79.1
64.2
51.9
13.3
13.5
13.8
6.15
5.09
4.38
3.61
5.38
4.45
3.83
3.16
4.30
3.56
3.06
2.53
3.59
2.97
2.55
2.11
3.07
2.54
2.19
1.81
2.69
2.23
1.91
1.58
2.39
1.98
1.70
1.40
2.15
1.78
1.53
1.26
1.79
1.48
1.28
1.05
106
82.3
69.7
56.7
23.9
24.1
24.3
24.5
3.17
2.76
2.30
1.90
2.71
2.36
1.97
1.63
2.37
2.07
1.73
1.43
1.90
1.65
1.38
1.14
1.58
1.38
1.15
0.952
1.36
1.18
0.986
0.816
1.19
1.03
0.863
0.714
1.06
0.919
0.767
0.635
0.950
0.827
0.691
0.571
0.791
0.689
0.575
0.476
61.1
52.1
42.6
34.7
16.2
16.4
16.7
16.9
2.79
2.44
2.04
1.69
2.39
2.09
1.75
1.45
2.09
1.83
1.53
1.27
1.67
1.46
1.23
1.02
1.39
1.22
1.02
0.847
1.19
1.04
0.875
0.726
1.04
0.914
0.766
0.635
0.928
0.812
0.681
0.565
0.836
0.731
0.613
0.508
0.696
0.609
0.511
0.424
60.3
51.4
42.0
34.2
11.2
11.5
11.8
12.0

= 0.9
= 1.0
4.
5.
6.
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
1.0
2 Ms /L
Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.4-1(2)(B)

CANTILEVER BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
D8-49
100x 50 x 6.0 RHS

5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.5 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
3.64
43.8
39.1
33.5
30.2
27.3
23.3
19.2
15.7
19.5
17.4
14.9
13.4
12.1
10.4
8.53
6.97
10.9
9.78
8.36
7.56
6.81
5.84
4.80
3.92
7.00
6.26
5.35
4.84
4.36
3.74
3.07
2.51
4.86
4.35
3.72
3.36
3.03
2.59
2.13
1.74
3.57
3.19
2.73
2.47
2.22
1.91
1.57
1.28
2.74
2.44
2.09
1.89
1.70
1.46
1.20
0.981
1.75
1.56
1.34
1.21
1.09
0.934
0.768
0.628
1.22
1.09
0.929
0.840
0.757
0.649
0.533
0.436
0.893
0.798
0.683
0.617
0.556
0.476
0.392
0.320
0.684
0.611
0.523
0.472
0.426
0.365
0.300
0.245
0.540
0.483
0.413
0.373
0.336
0.288
0.237
0.194
0.438
0.391
0.335
0.302
0.273
0.233
0.192
0.157
0.304
0.272
0.232
0.210
0.189
0.162
0.133
0.109
75 x 50 x 6.0 RHS
5.0 RHS
4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
9.67
8.35
6.92
5.42
4.58
3.72
3.01
20.5
18.6
16.1
13.4
11.5
9.51
7.81
9.10
8.26
7.17
5.94
5.11
4.23
3.47
5.12
4.65
4.03
3.34
2.88
2.38
1.95
3.28
2.97
2.58
2.14
1.84
1.52
1.25
2.28
2.07
1.79
1.48
1.28
1.06
0.868
1.67
1.52
1.32
1.09
0.939
0.777
0.638
1.28
1.16
1.01
0.835
0.719
0.595
0.488
0.819
0.743
0.645
0.534
0.460
0.381
0.312
0.569
0.516
0.448
0.371
0.320
0.264
0.217
0.418
0.379
0.329
0.273
0.235
0.194
0.159
0.320
0.290
0.252
0.209
0.180
0.149
0.122
0.253
0.229
0.199
0.165
0.142
0.117
0.0964
0.205
0.186
0.161
0.134
0.115
0.0951
0.0781
0.142
0.129
0.112
0.0927
0.0799
0.0661
0.0542
75 x 25 x 2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.60
2.93
2.38
7.30
6.10
5.05
3.24
2.71
2.25
1.83
1.53
1.26
1.17
0.976
0.808
0.811
0.678
0.561
0.596
0.498
0.412
0.456
0.381
0.316
0.292
0.244
0.202
0.203
0.170
0.140
0.149
0.125
0.103
0.114
0.0953
0.0789
0.0901
0.0753
0.0624
0.0730
0.0610
0.0505
0.0507
0.0424
0.0351
65 x 35 x 4.0 RHS
3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
8.40
7.19
6.26
5.22
3.73
3.20
2.78
2.32
2.10
1.80
1.56
1.31
1.34
1.15
1.00
0.836
0.934
0.799
0.695
0.580
0.686
0.587
0.511
0.426
0.525
0.450
0.391
0.326
0.336
0.288
0.250
0.209
0.233
0.200
0.174
0.145
0.171
0.147
0.128
0.107
0.131
0.112
0.0978
0.0816
0.104
0.0888
0.0773
0.0645
0.0840
0.0719
0.0626
0.0522
0.0583
0.0500
0.0435
0.0363
50 x 25 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
3.07
2.62
2.15
1.75
2.86
2.53
2.15
1.80
1.27
1.12
0.954
0.799
0.715
0.633
0.537
0.449
0.458
0.405
0.343
0.287
0.318
0.281
0.238
0.200
0.233
0.207
0.175
0.147
0.179
0.158
0.134
0.112
0.114
0.101
0.0858
0.0719
0.0794
0.0703
0.0596
0.0499
0.0584
0.0517
0.0438
0.0367
0.0447
0.0395
0.0335
0.0281
0.0353
0.0312
0.0265
0.0222
0.0286
0.0253
0.0215
0.0180
0.0199
0.0176
0.0149
0.0125
50 x 20 x 3.0 RHS
2.5 RHS
2.0 RHS
1.6 RHS
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
2.44
2.17
1.85
1.56
1.08
0.964
0.823
0.692
0.609
0.542
0.463
0.389
0.390
0.347
0.296
0.249
0.271
0.241
0.206
0.173
0.199
0.177
0.151
0.127
0.152
0.136
0.116
0.0973
0.0974
0.0868
0.0740
0.0623
0.0676
0.0603
0.0514
0.0432
0.0497
0.0443
0.0378
0.0318
0.0381
0.0339
0.0289
0.0243
0.0301
0.0268
0.0229
0.0192
0.0244
0.0217
0.0185
0.0156
0.0169
0.0151
0.0129
0.0108
Note:
1.
D8-50
TABLE D8.4-2(A)


Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
FLR
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
67.8
49.0
45.2
32.7
33.9
24.5
27.1
19.6
22.6
16.3
19.4
14.0
16.9
12.3
13.6
9.80
11.3
8.17
9.68
7.00
8.47
6.13
7.53
5.44
6.78
4.90
5.65
4.08
156
129
58.8
68.1
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
40.6
34.1
27.1
22.7
20.3
17.0
16.3
13.6
13.5
11.4
11.6
9.73
10.2
8.52
8.13
6.81
6.77
5.68
5.81
4.87
5.08
4.26
4.52
3.78
4.06
3.41
3.39
2.84
122
102
34.0
34.2
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
26.1
22.0
17.4
14.6
13.0
11.0
10.4
8.78
8.70
7.32
7.45
6.27
6.52
5.49
5.22
4.39
4.35
3.66
3.73
3.14
3.26
2.74
2.90
2.44
2.61
2.20
2.17
1.83
91.4
76.2
38.0
38.2
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
16.8
14.3
11.2
9.51
8.42
7.13
6.73
5.71
5.61
4.76
4.81
4.08
4.21
3.57
3.37
2.85
2.81
2.38
2.40
2.04
2.10
1.78
1.87
1.59
1.68
1.43
1.40
1.19
77.3
64.6
24.1
24.4
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.89
2.44
9.02
7.74
6.02
5.16
4.51
3.87
3.61
3.10
3.01
2.58
2.58
2.21
2.26
1.94
1.80
1.55
1.50
1.29
1.29
1.11
1.13
0.968
1.00
0.860
0.902
0.774
0.752
0.645
57.5
48.3
16.3
16.5
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
2.67
2.25
7.95
6.85
5.30
4.57
3.98
3.43
3.18
2.74
2.65
2.28
2.27
1.96
1.99
1.71
1.59
1.37
1.33
1.14
1.14
0.979
0.994
0.857
0.884
0.761
0.795
0.685
0.663
0.571
56.8
47.7
11.3
11.6
Notes:
1.
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FLR
FLR
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.9
1.0
1.0
2 Ms/L
Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.4-2(B)

CANTILEVER BEAMS
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
125 x 75 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
8.39
6.95
58.5
49.0
26.0
21.8
14.6
12.3
100 x 50 x 2.8 RHS

2.3 RHS
6.19
5.14
25.7
21.7
11.4
9.65
75 x 50 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
5.09
4.24
12.6
10.7
65 x 35 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
3.99
3.34
50 x 25 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
50 x 20 x 2.8 RHS
2.3 RHS
Note:
1.
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
9.36
7.84
6.50
5.45
4.78
4.00
3.66
3.06
2.34
1.96
1.62
1.36
1.19
1.00
0.914
0.766
0.722
0.605
0.585
0.490
0.406
0.340
6.43
5.43
4.12
3.47
2.86
2.41
2.10
1.77
1.61
1.36
1.03
0.869
0.714
0.603
0.525
0.443
0.402
0.339
0.318
0.268
0.257
0.217
0.179
0.151
5.61
4.77
3.16
2.68
2.02
1.72
1.40
1.19
1.03
0.876
0.790
0.670
0.505
0.429
0.351
0.298
0.258
0.219
0.197
0.168
0.156
0.132
0.126
0.107
0.0877
0.0745
6.83
5.86
3.04
2.60
1.71
1.46
1.09
0.937
0.759
0.651
0.558
0.478
0.427
0.366
0.273
0.234
0.190
0.163
0.139
0.120
0.107
0.0915
0.0843
0.0723
0.0683
0.0586
0.0474
0.0407
2.89
2.44
2.73
2.38
1.22
1.06
0.684
0.596
0.438
0.381
0.304
0.265
0.223
0.195
0.171
0.149
0.109
0.0954
0.0760
0.0662
0.0558
0.0487
0.0427
0.0372
0.0338
0.0294
0.0273
0.0238
0.0190
0.0166
2.67
2.25
2.34
2.05
1.04
0.911
0.584
0.512
0.374
0.328
0.259
0.228
0.191
0.167
0.146
0.128
0.0934
0.0819
0.0649
0.0569
0.0477
0.0418
0.0365
0.0320
0.0288
0.0253
0.0234
0.0205
0.0162
0.0142
6.0
D8-51
D8-52
TABLE D8.4-3(1)(A)

Standard Thickness

Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
kN
59.6
51.4
42.1
30.1
22.7
16.3
29.8
25.7
21.0
15.0
11.4
8.13
19.9
17.1
14.0
10.0
7.58
5.42
14.9
12.9
10.5
7.52
5.69
4.07
11.9
10.3
8.41
6.01
4.55
3.25
9.93
8.57
7.01
5.01
3.79
2.71
8.51
7.35
6.01
4.30
3.25
2.32
7.45
6.43
5.26
3.76
2.84
2.03
6.62
5.72
4.67
3.34
2.53
1.81
5.96
5.14
4.21
3.01
2.27
1.63
5.42
4.68
3.82
2.73
2.07
1.48
4.96
4.29
3.50
2.51
1.90
1.36
4.58
3.96
3.23
2.31
1.75
1.25
4.25
3.67
3.00
2.15
1.62
1.16
253
216
177
135
114
92.2
23.8
19.5
13.9
9.97
11.9
9.74
6.94
4.98
7.95
6.49
4.63
3.32
5.96
4.87
3.47
2.49
4.77
3.89
2.78
1.99
3.97
3.25
2.31
1.66
3.41
2.78
1.98
1.42
2.98
2.43
1.73
1.25
2.65
2.16
1.54
1.11
2.38
1.95
1.39
0.997
2.17
1.77
1.26
0.906
1.99
1.62
1.16
0.831
1.83
1.50
1.07
0.767
1.70
1.39
0.991
0.712
121
102
82.6
66.7
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
28.9
39.8
45.8
14.5
19.9
22.9
9.64
13.3
15.3
7.23
9.94
11.5
5.78
7.95
9.16
4.82
6.63
7.63
4.13
5.68
6.54
3.61
4.97
5.73
3.21
4.42
5.09
2.89
3.98
4.58
2.63
3.62
4.16
2.41
3.31
3.82
2.22
3.06
3.52
2.06
2.84
3.27
138
189
221
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
10.6
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
5.29
10.4
9.08
7.63
6.83
5.99
4.60
3.53
7.78
6.81
5.72
5.12
4.49
3.45
2.65
6.22
5.45
4.58
4.10
3.60
2.76
2.12
5.19
4.54
3.81
3.42
3.00
2.30
1.76
4.44
3.89
3.27
2.93
2.57
1.97
1.51
3.89
3.41
2.86
2.56
2.25
1.73
1.32
3.46
3.03
2.54
2.28
2.00
1.53
1.18
3.11
2.73
2.29
2.05
1.80
1.38
1.06
2.83
2.48
2.08
1.86
1.63
1.25
0.962
2.59
2.27
1.91
1.71
1.50
1.15
0.882
2.39
2.10
1.76
1.58
1.38
1.06
0.814
2.22
1.95
1.63
1.46
1.28
0.986
0.756
181
156
129
114
99.4
84.0
68.2
mm mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
Notes:
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
0.9
1.0
1.0
2 Ms/L
Vv
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.4-3(1)(B)

CANTILEVER BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
mm
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
mm mm
kg/m
100 x 100 x 6.0 SHS 16.7

5.0 SHS 14.2
4.0 SHS 11.6
3.0 SHS 8.96
2.5 SHS 7.53
2.0 SHS 6.07
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
19.4
17.0
14.3
11.3
9.64
7.87
4.86
4.25
3.57
2.83
2.41
1.97
2.16
1.89
1.59
1.26
1.07
0.875
1.21
1.06
0.892
0.708
0.603
0.492
0.777
0.680
0.571
0.453
0.386
0.315
0.540
0.472
0.396
0.315
0.268
0.219
0.397
0.347
0.291
0.231
0.197
0.161
0.304
0.266
0.223
0.177
0.151
0.123
0.240
0.210
0.176
0.140
0.119
0.0972
0.194
0.170
0.143
0.113
0.0964
0.0787
0.161
0.141
0.118
0.0936
0.0797
0.0651
0.135
0.118
0.0991
0.0787
0.0669
0.0547
0.115
0.101
0.0844
0.0670
0.0570
0.0466
0.0992
0.0868
0.0728
0.0578
0.0492
0.0402
8.01
6.74
5.45
4.39
8.15
6.95
5.69
4.63
2.04
1.74
1.42
1.16
0.905
0.772
0.632
0.515
0.509
0.434
0.355
0.290
0.326
0.278
0.227
0.185
0.226
0.193
0.158
0.129
0.166
0.142
0.116
0.0946
0.127
0.109
0.0889
0.0724
0.101
0.0858
0.0702
0.0572
0.0815
0.0695
0.0569
0.0463
0.0673
0.0574
0.0470
0.0383
0.0566
0.0482
0.0395
0.0322
0.0482
0.0411
0.0337
0.0274
0.0416
0.0354
0.0290
0.0236
89 x 89 x 6.0 SHS 9.06

5.0 SHS 12.5
3.5 SHS 14.6
8.80
11.6
13.2
2.20
2.90
3.29
0.977
1.29
1.46
0.550
0.724
0.822
0.352
0.464
0.526
0.244
0.322
0.365
0.180
0.237
0.268
0.137
0.181
0.206
0.109
0.143
0.162
0.0880
0.116
0.132
0.0727
0.0958
0.109
0.0611
0.0805
0.0914
0.0520
0.0686
0.0778
0.0449
0.0591
0.0671
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS 12.0

5.0 SHS 10.3
4.0 SHS 8.49
3.5 SHS 7.53
3.0 SHS 6.60
2.5 SHS 5.56
2.0 SHS 4.50
7.41
6.61
5.65
5.10
4.58
3.93
3.23
1.85
1.65
1.41
1.28
1.15
0.982
0.808
0.823
0.734
0.627
0.567
0.509
0.436
0.359
0.463
0.413
0.353
0.319
0.286
0.246
0.202
0.296
0.264
0.226
0.204
0.183
0.157
0.129
0.206
0.184
0.157
0.142
0.127
0.109
0.0898
0.151
0.135
0.115
0.104
0.0935
0.0802
0.0659
0.116
0.103
0.0882
0.0797
0.0716
0.0614
0.0505
0.0915
0.0816
0.0697
0.0630
0.0566
0.0485
0.0399
0.0741
0.0661
0.0565
0.0510
0.0458
0.0393
0.0323
0.0612
0.0546
0.0467
0.0422
0.0379
0.0325
0.0267
0.0515
0.0459
0.0392
0.0354
0.0318
0.0273
0.0224
0.0438
0.0391
0.0334
0.0302
0.0271
0.0232
0.0191
0.0378
0.0337
0.0288
0.0260
0.0234
0.0200
0.0165
90 x 90 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
D8-53
Note:
1.
TABLE D8.4-3(2)(A)
D8-54

Standard Thickness
W *L1
Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
62.2
54.5
45.8
41.0
36.0
27.6
19.7
44.6
39.4
33.4
26.8
22.2
15.9
11.4
21.3
18.4
15.2
13.1
10.7
7.68
10.9
9.27
8.05
6.70
5.45
6.85
5.99
5.01
4.16
3.57
2.98
2.77
2.38
2.00
1.22
41.5
36.3
30.5
27.3
24.0
18.4
13.1
29.7
26.3
22.2
17.9
14.8
10.6
7.57
14.2
12.3
10.1
8.72
7.10
5.12
7.27
6.18
5.36
4.46
3.64
4.57
3.99
3.34
2.77
2.38
1.99
1.85
1.58
1.33
0.811
31.1
27.3
22.9
20.5
18.0
13.8
9.83
22.3
19.7
16.7
13.4
11.1
7.94
5.68
10.7
9.22
7.60
6.54
5.33
3.84
5.46
4.64
4.02
3.35
2.73
3.43
2.99
2.51
2.08
1.79
1.49
1.39
1.19
1.00
0.608
24.9
21.8
18.3
16.4
14.4
11.0
7.86
17.8
15.8
13.3
10.7
8.86
6.35
4.54
8.53
7.38
6.08
5.23
4.26
3.07
4.36
3.71
3.22
2.68
2.18
2.74
2.39
2.01
1.66
1.43
1.19
1.11
0.950
0.801
0.486
20.7
18.2
15.3
13.7
12.0
9.20
6.55
14.9
13.1
11.1
8.95
7.39
5.29
3.78
7.10
6.15
5.07
4.36
3.55
2.56
3.64
3.09
2.68
2.23
1.82
2.28
2.00
1.67
1.39
1.19
0.994
0.925
0.792
0.667
0.405
Notes:
1.
= 0.9
2. m = 1.0
3. s = 1.0
4. W *L1 = 2 Ms/L
1.75
17.8
15.6
13.1
11.7
10.3
7.89
5.62
12.7
11.3
9.53
7.67
6.33
4.54
3.24
6.09
5.27
4.35
3.74
3.04
2.19
3.12
2.65
2.30
1.91
1.56
1.96
1.71
1.43
1.19
1.02
0.852
0.793
0.679
0.572
0.347
5. W *L2 = Vv
2.0
15.6
13.6
11.4
10.2
8.99
6.90
4.91
11.1
9.85
8.34
6.71
5.54
3.97
2.84
5.33
4.61
3.80
3.27
2.66
1.92
2.73
2.32
2.01
1.67
1.36
1.71
1.50
1.25
1.04
0.893
0.746
0.694
0.594
0.500
0.304
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
12.4
10.9
9.15
8.20
7.19
5.52
3.93
8.91
7.88
6.67
5.37
4.43
3.18
2.27
4.26
3.69
3.04
2.62
2.13
1.54
2.18
1.85
1.61
1.34
1.09
1.37
1.20
1.00
0.831
0.715
0.596
0.555
0.475
0.400
0.243
10.4
9.08
7.63
6.83
5.99
4.60
3.28
7.43
6.57
5.56
4.47
3.69
2.65
1.89
3.55
3.07
2.53
2.18
1.78
1.28
1.82
1.55
1.34
1.12
0.909
1.14
0.998
0.836
0.693
0.595
0.497
0.462
0.396
0.334
0.203
8.89
7.79
6.54
5.86
5.14
3.94
2.81
6.37
5.63
4.77
3.84
3.17
2.27
1.62
3.04
2.63
2.17
1.87
1.52
1.10
1.56
1.32
1.15
0.957
0.779
0.979
0.855
0.716
0.594
0.510
0.426
0.396
0.339
0.286
0.174
7.78
6.81
5.72
5.12
4.49
3.45
2.46
5.57
4.93
4.17
3.36
2.77
1.99
1.42
2.66
2.30
1.90
1.63
1.33
0.960
1.36
1.16
1.01
0.837
0.682
0.856
0.748
0.627
0.520
0.447
0.373
0.347
0.297
0.250
0.152
6.91
6.06
5.08
4.55
4.00
3.07
2.18
4.95
4.38
3.71
2.98
2.46
1.76
1.26
2.37
2.05
1.69
1.45
1.18
0.853
1.21
1.03
0.894
0.744
0.606
0.761
0.665
0.557
0.462
0.397
0.331
0.308
0.264
0.222
0.135
6.22
5.45
4.58
4.10
3.60
2.76
1.97
4.46
3.94
3.34
2.68
2.22
1.59
1.14
2.13
1.84
1.52
1.31
1.07
0.768
1.09
0.927
0.805
0.670
0.545
0.685
0.599
0.501
0.416
0.357
0.298
0.277
0.238
0.200
0.122
5.19
4.54
3.81
3.42
3.00
2.30
1.64
3.71
3.28
2.78
2.24
1.85
1.32
0.946
1.78
1.54
1.27
1.09
0.888
0.640
0.909
0.773
0.671
0.558
0.455
0.571
0.499
0.418
0.346
0.298
0.249
0.231
0.198
0.167
0.101
181
156
129
114
99.4
84.0
68.2
153
132
109
85.0
72.0
58.6
47.5
96.0
80.6
63.4
54.0
44.2
35.9
61.4
49.0
42.0
34.6
28.3
41.8
36.0
29.8
24.4
25.0
20.6
24.0
20.2
16.7
12.9
TABLE D8.4-3(2)(B)
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

CANTILEVER BEAMS
Standard Thickness
Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m

D8-55
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
75 x 75 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.5 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
65 x 65 x 6.0 SHS
5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
50 x 50 x 5.0 SHS
4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
40 x 40 x 4.0 SHS
3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
35 x 35 x 3.0 SHS
2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
30 x 30 x 2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
25 x 25 x 2.5 SHS
2.0 SHS
1.6 SHS
20 x 20 x 1.6 SHS
12.0
10.3
8.49
7.53
6.60
5.56
4.50
10.1
8.75
7.23
5.66
4.78
3.88
3.13
6.39
5.35
4.25
3.60
2.93
2.38
4.09
3.30
2.82
2.31
1.88
2.83
2.42
1.99
1.63
1.68
1.38
1.64
1.36
1.12
0.873
29.6
13.2
26.4
11.8
22.6
10.0
20.4
9.07
18.3
8.15
15.7
6.98
12.9
5.74
18.1
8.04
16.3
7.26
14.1
6.28
11.6
5.17
10.0
4.45
8.27
3.68
6.79
3.02
6.58
2.92
5.86
2.60
4.98
2.21
4.34
1.93
3.62
1.61
3.00
1.33
2.69
1.20
2.39
1.06
2.10
0.935
1.78
0.790
1.48
0.659
1.52
0.677
1.35
0.602
1.15
0.513
0.970 0.431
0.697 0.310
0.591 0.263
0.433 0.192
0.380 0.169
0.326 0.145
0.156 0.0691
Note:
1.
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
7.41
6.61
5.65
5.10
4.58
3.93
3.23
4.52
4.08
3.53
2.91
2.50
2.07
1.70
1.64
1.46
1.25
1.08
0.905
0.749
0.674
0.597
0.526
0.444
0.371
0.381
0.339
0.288
0.242
0.174
0.148
0.108
0.0949
0.0816
0.0389
4.74
4.23
3.61
3.27
2.93
2.51
2.07
2.89
2.61
2.26
1.86
1.60
1.32
1.09
1.05
0.937
0.797
0.694
0.579
0.479
0.431
0.382
0.336
0.284
0.237
0.244
0.217
0.185
0.155
0.111
0.0946
0.0692
0.0608
0.0522
0.0249
3.29
2.94
2.51
2.27
2.04
1.75
1.44
2.01
1.82
1.57
1.29
1.11
0.919
0.754
0.731
0.651
0.554
0.482
0.402
0.333
0.299
0.265
0.234
0.197
0.165
0.169
0.150
0.128
0.108
0.0774
0.0657
0.0481
0.0422
0.0363
0.0173
2.42
2.16
1.84
1.67
1.50
1.28
1.06
1.48
1.33
1.15
0.949
0.817
0.675
0.554
0.537
0.478
0.407
0.354
0.296
0.245
0.220
0.195
0.172
0.145
0.121
0.124
0.111
0.0942
0.0792
0.0569
0.0482
0.0353
0.0310
0.0266
0.0127
2.0
1.85
1.65
1.41
1.28
1.15
0.982
0.808
1.13
1.02
0.883
0.727
0.626
0.517
0.424
0.411
0.366
0.311
0.271
0.226
0.187
0.168
0.149
0.131
0.111
0.0927
0.0952
0.0846
0.0721
0.0606
0.0436
0.0369
0.0270
0.0237
0.0204
0.00972
2.5
1.19
1.06
0.904
0.816
0.733
0.629
0.517
0.723
0.654
0.565
0.465
0.400
0.331
0.272
0.263
0.234
0.199
0.174
0.145
0.120
0.108
0.0955
0.0841
0.0711
0.0593
0.0609
0.0542
0.0462
0.0388
0.0279
0.0236
0.0173
0.0152
0.0131
0.00622
3.0
0.823
0.734
0.627
0.567
0.509
0.436
0.359
0.502
0.454
0.392
0.323
0.278
0.230
0.189
0.183
0.163
0.138
0.120
0.101
0.0832
0.0748
0.0663
0.0584
0.0494
0.0412
0.0423
0.0376
0.0321
0.0269
0.0194
0.0164
0.0120
0.0105
0.00907
0.00432
3.5
0.605
0.540
0.461
0.417
0.374
0.321
0.264
0.369
0.333
0.288
0.237
0.204
0.169
0.139
0.134
0.119
0.102
0.0885
0.0739
0.0612
0.0550
0.0487
0.0429
0.0363
0.0303
0.0311
0.0276
0.0235
0.0198
0.0142
0.0121
0.00883
0.00775
0.00666
0.00317
4.0
0.463
0.413
0.353
0.319
0.286
0.246
0.202
0.283
0.255
0.221
0.182
0.156
0.129
0.106
0.103
0.0915
0.0779
0.0678
0.0566
0.0468
0.0421
0.0373
0.0329
0.0278
0.0232
0.0238
0.0212
0.0180
0.0152
0.0109
0.00924
0.00676
0.00593
0.00510
0.00243
4.5
5.0
0.366
0.296
0.326
0.264
0.279
0.226
0.252
0.204
0.226
0.183
0.194
0.157
0.160
0.129
0.223
0.181
0.202
0.163
0.174
0.141
0.144
0.116
0.124
0.100
0.102
0.0827
0.0838
0.0679
0.0812
0.0658
0.0723
0.0586
0.0615
0.0498
0.0536
0.0434
0.0447
0.0362
0.0370
0.0300
0.0333
0.0269
0.0295
0.0239
0.0260
0.0210
0.0219
0.0178
0.0183
0.0148
0.0188
0.0152
0.0167
0.0135
0.0142
0.0115
0.0120
0.00970
0.00860 0.00697
0.00730 0.00591
0.00534 0.00433
0.00469 0.00380
0.00403 0.00326
0.00192 0.00156
6.0
0.206
0.184
0.157
0.142
0.127
0.109
0.0898
0.126
0.113
0.0981
0.0807
0.0695
0.0574
0.0471
0.0457
0.0407
0.0346
0.0301
0.0252
0.0208
0.0187
0.0166
0.0146
0.0123
0.0103
0.0106
0.00940
0.00801
0.00674
0.00484
0.00410
0.00300
0.00264
0.00227
0.00108
D8-56
TABLE D8.4-4(A)

CANTILEVER WITH FULL LATERAL RESTRAINT

Designation
d
W*L1 (kN)
Mass
per m
W*L2
Span of Beams (L) in metres
mm mm mm
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
kN
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
50.1
37.4
33.4
24.9
25.1
18.7
20.1
15.0
16.7
12.5
14.3
10.7
12.5
9.34
10.0
7.48
8.36
6.23
7.16
5.34
6.27
4.67
5.57
4.15
5.01
3.74
4.18
3.11
127
105
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
32.6
24.3
21.8
16.2
16.3
12.1
13.1
9.71
10.9
8.09
9.32
6.94
8.16
6.07
6.53
4.86
5.44
4.05
4.66
3.47
4.08
3.03
3.63
2.70
3.26
2.43
2.72
2.02
93.3
77.7
13.1
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
19.6
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
14.4
12.2
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
m
s
W *L1
W *L2
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
1.0
1.0
2 Ms/L
Vv
9.82
7.86
6.55
5.61
4.91
3.93
3.27
2.81
2.46
2.18
1.96
1.64
66.7
9.58
8.12
7.19
6.09
5.75
4.87
4.79
4.06
4.11
3.48
3.59
3.05
2.88
2.44
2.40
2.03
2.05
1.74
1.80
1.52
1.60
1.35
1.44
1.22
1.20
1.02
59.7
50.1
8.80
7.52
5.86
5.01
4.40
3.76
3.52
3.01
2.93
2.51
2.51
2.15
2.20
1.88
1.76
1.50
1.47
1.25
1.26
1.07
1.10
0.940
0.977
0.836
0.880
0.752
0.733
0.627
46.2
39.1
6.52
5.61
4.34
3.74
3.26
2.80
2.61
2.24
2.17
1.87
1.86
1.60
1.63
1.40
1.30
1.12
1.09
0.935
0.931
0.801
0.815
0.701
0.724
0.623
0.652
0.561
0.543
0.467
39.5
33.6
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002
TABLE D8.4-4(B)

CANTILEVER BEAMS

Designation
d
W*S1 (kN)
Mass
per m
kg/m
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25
1.5
1.75
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
100 x 100 x 2.8 SHS

2.3 SHS
8.39
6.95
42.7
35.8
19.0
15.9
10.7
8.94
6.82
5.72
4.74
3.97
3.48
2.92
2.67
2.24
1.71
1.43
1.18
0.994
0.871
0.730
0.666
0.559
75 x 75 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
6.19
5.14
17.3
14.6
7.69
6.50
4.33
3.65
2.77
2.34
1.92
1.62
1.41
1.19
1.08
0.914
0.692
0.585
0.481
0.406
0.353
0.298
0.270
0.228
mm
mm mm
5.0
6.0
0.527
0.442
0.427
0.358
0.296
0.248
0.214
0.180
0.173
0.146
0.120
0.102
65 x 65 x 2.3 SHS
4.42
9.33
4.15
2.33
1.49
1.04
0.762
0.583
0.373
0.259
0.190
0.146
0.115
0.0933
0.0648
50 x 50 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.99
3.34
4.73
4.06
2.10
1.80
1.18
1.01
0.757
0.650
0.526
0.451
0.386
0.331
0.296
0.254
0.189
0.162
0.131
0.113
0.0966
0.0829
0.0740
0.0634
0.0584
0.0501
0.0473
0.0406
0.0329
0.0282
40 x 40 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
3.11
2.62
2.28
1.98
1.01
0.879
0.570
0.494
0.365
0.316
0.253
0.220
0.186
0.161
0.142
0.124
0.0911
0.0791
0.0633
0.0549
0.0465
0.0404
0.0356
0.0309
0.0281
0.0244
0.0228
0.0198
0.0158
0.0137
35 x 35 x 2.8 SHS
2.3 SHS
2.67
2.25
1.46
1.28
0.648
0.568
0.365
0.319
0.233
0.204
0.162
0.142
0.119
0.104
0.0912
0.0799
0.0584
0.0511
0.0405
0.0355
0.0298
0.0261
0.0228
0.0200
0.0180
0.0158
0.0146
0.0128
0.0101
0.00887
Note:
1.
D8-57
[ BLANK ]
D8-58

DCTDHS/06
MARCH 2002

DuraGal - Design Capacity Tables For Steel Hollow Sections

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Dur aGal

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

Technical Information Structural Cold Formed Hollow Sections and Profiles

DuraGal Easy Welding Guide

DuraGal Easy Painting & Corrosion Protection Guide

DuraGal & Galtube Plus Powder Coating Guide

DuraGal Post The low maintenance steel verandah post

DuraGal Verandah beam spanning tables

DuraGal Plus for Lintels

For further information contact OneSteel Direct:

1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335)

1800 101 141

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

SECTION PROPERTIES ............................................................................... D1-1

Determination of DESIGN EFFECTS ........................................................... D2-1

SECTION CAPACITIES ................................................................................. D3-1

Members Subject to BENDING .................................................................... D4-1

Members Subject to AXIAL COMPRESSION .............................................. D5-1

Members Subject to AXIAL TENSION ......................................................... D6-1

Members subject to COMBINED ACTIONS ................................................ D7-1

MAXIMUM DESIGN LOADS for Beams ....................................................... D8-1

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

AISC Technical Services staff

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

Dramatically increased segment length for full lateral restraint (FLR)[6].

Elastic buckling loads (Nom) for various effective lengths.

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

Grade and Mechanical Properties

Lowest One Day Mean Ambient

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

d = outside depth of section

Not less than 0.96 times nominal

2 mm plus 0.5 mm per metre of length

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

Mill Cut Length Tolerance*

* Exact lengths, subject to enquiry.

Manual Metal-Arc (AS/NZS 1553.1)

Gas-Metal-Arc (AS/NZS 2717.1)

Submerged Arc (AS 1858.1)

Flux-Cored Arc (AS 2203.1)

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

PROTECTION OF WELD AFFECTED AREAS

1800 1 STEEL (1800 1 78335)

1800 101 141

HERA, Investigation of the Brittle Fracture Resistance of Cold-Formed Rectangular Hollow

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

span of the beam

the capacity factor

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

GENERAL NOTES ON THE TABLES

section dimensions and section properties, i.e:

- Properties for Assessing Section Capacity to AS 4100

- Properties for Fire Design

design capacity (Ru) for:

- Members Subject to Bending

- Members Subject to Axial Compression

- Members Subject to Axial Tension

elastic buckling load (Nom)

maximum design load (W *) for:

DuraGal DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

200 x 103 MPa

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion