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This is more than a casual remark on Tolerance. We ask ourselves whether there
is a minimum subset of ethics which are universal in nature and which transcend
the limitations of geography and ethnic identification. Suppose we found
ourselves amongst a civilization about which we knew nothing. Is there a
universal set of ethics that could be used to establish rapport with an otherwise
alien population? And finally is Tolerance a universal ethic or virtue? I will explain
why this is an important ethic in the current era.
Most values which we like to think of as universal are transmitted to us thanks to
our parents at a very early age. These values originate in very familiar familial
admonitions e.g., be courteous to your guests , treat people with respect and
dignity, be kind and helpful to seniors, heed the admonitions from elders in the
family , do not indulge in gratuitous violence, do not be derisive of those of who
are less fortunate than you are, tell the truth, etc. etc.. If one follows these
simple rules, the question of intolerance does not arise., because if a person
follows these universal principles , there is very little incentive or opportunity for
him or her to be intolerant. Generally the teachings we imbibe in the home
before we get into our teenage years are universal values and the exceptions that
do occur in these behaviors are not of relevance to young children. It is our
contention that tolerance is not a part of the set of ethics that are taught at a
very early age as a universal ethic. There is good reason for this , because
immediately questions arise . Should we tolerate evil and if so what constitutes
evil.
We maintain that neither an individual nor society should tolerate evil in general
and intolerance in particular.
And yet in our zeal to be liberal and our natural tendency to think well of people
from other ethnic or religious backgrounds , we choose to overlook the blatant
intolerance that sometimes pervades the world. We tend to argue that because
we observe a universal set of ethics that others do so also. Herein lays the
problem . Not every individual or society will profess to have the same set of
values as you may have . In particular, not every society will have the same
reverence for life as you may have. It is certainly the case that when it comes to
tolerance towards other faiths there are significant differences between religions
and societies. Whenever the Occidental stepped out into a new world his first
endeavor was to convert the people in the new world to his own faith . And once
they were converted to the new faith , they could exercise considerable control
over the mind and body of the newly converted person the main reason was
that they had very little tolerance for the native faiths..
Similarly there are significant differences in the reverence for life that are
observed by different societies and faiths . So the question arises , should we
tolerate faiths that are inherently intolerant. I mean by inherently intolerant if
the faith calls for extermination of those who do not belong to the faith. But one
might argue that most members of a faith do not take such injunctions (to kill the
infidel) seriously. That may very well be true but even if the percentage who
believed in the injunctions of their holy book are only 1% that could still be a
very large number, enough to do harm to you or your family should t he occasion
arise.
So what to so ? I say , that it is legitimate to ask that such injunctions in a holy
book are not acceptable in the modern age and should not be tolerated in any
civilized society .
There is one more problem with tolerance . And that is , it is not particularly
proper to talk about tolerating other faiths or civilizations , because that raises
the question of putting ourself on a pedestal and judging who or what we should
tolerate and the question here is what right do we have to arrogate unto
ourselves the right to tolerate others with all the attendant condescension . If
one embraces diversity , then one should say so and act accordingly rather than
grudgingly tolerate diversity.
To summarize
1 Tolerance can never be a universal ethic
2. It must always be qualified
3. Even when it is qualified , should we put ourselves on a moral pedestal and
tolerate others or should we be genuinely understanding of other faiths
4. No society or individual should be placed in the position of having to tolerate
evil or intolerant behavior .