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(discourse theory)

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Nietzsche
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Ernesto Laclau Chantal Mouffe.

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(Positive Discourse Analysis)
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Abstract

The discourse theory can be found to be applied in an everyday basis in common

social consociations and interactions (through conversations with family and friends) but
its usage is expanded also to the journalistic, scientific and political communication
practices. Mainly, though, it seems to be influencing covertly the way in which political
decisions are made, and especially decisions concerning social policy. The main founders
of the discourse theory through contemporary history were Nietzsche and post-structural
French philosopher Michel Foucault, and recent developers were denounced Ernesto
Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. The implementation of social policy is firmly interlinked
with discourse analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis is to be seen as the most fruitful
source of critical research. The modern currents of scientific analysis recognize however
also a more optimistic way, the Positive Discourse Analysis that also finds applications in
fields of social policy. This short study will attempt to justify the importance of critical
discourse analysis in the modern social sciences, and it will attempt a small theoretical
introduction in a new type of research design and on its effect in the exercise of social
policy.

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1 William Outhwaite: Habermas, A Critical Introduction, Polity Press, Cambridge UK, 1994.
2 eun van Dijk .
eun Van Dijk : ndbook of Discourse Analysis Vol .3, Academic Press, London 1985.
3 Althusser
,

. - Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen :
, E , 2009. eun
van Dijk . eun Van
Dijk: Ideology and discourse -A Multidisciplinary Introduction , Pompeu Fabra University,
Barcelona URL: http://www.discourses.org/UnpublishedArticles/Ideology%20and%20discourse.pdf
( 16/11/2010).
4
.
5 warth David: H , , , 2008
6 Dummett ( Frege)
: , ,

, ,
( ).

. Wittgenstein.
The Linguistic Turn
Richard Rorty, 1967. o Rorty : The purpose of the present volume is to
provide materials for reflection on the most recent philosophical revolution, that of linguistic
philosophy. I shall mean by linguistic philosophy the view that philosophical problems are problems
which maybe solved (or dissolved) either by reforming language, or by understanding more about the
language we presently use . Timothy Williamson : Past the Linguistic Turn? ,
. Leiter The Future for Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press URL:
http://www.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1310/inaugural.pdf (
6/01/2011).
7 Garfinkel.
8 . Mason Jennifer: , ,
2009.
9 Mason Jennifer:
, , 2009
: - .,
, , 2008 URL:
http://library.panteion.gr:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/544/1/methodology.pdf (
8/01/2011).
10 warth David: H , , , 2008

21

11 (Positive Discourse Analysis)

.
12 , , Jurgen
Habermas Lyotard
Paul Ricoeur
Norman Fairclough.
.
13
discourse theory o discourse analysis.
14
Teun A. van Dijk : Handbook on Discourse Analysis, Vol. 4 , . The
Role Discourse Analysis in Society, 1985, Academic Press London : An obvious first claim that
could be made about the possible social relevance of discourse analysis is that the very choice or
extension of the object or field of linguistic researchactual language use in its social context
already satisfies a condition of social relevanceit provides insight into the forms and mechanisms of
human communication and verbal interaction.... However we also begin to grasp some of the
constraints of the various features of the social context, such as gender, status, power, ethnicity, roles,
or institutional settings, upon the style, the thematic structure, or the cognitive interpretation of text and
talk. Clearly, these latter contributions to the study of discourse in its social context provide a next step
on the difficult route toward relevant applications.
15 Howarth David: Discourse, Open University Press, Celtic Court, 2000.
16 .
17 . David Couzens Hoy: Foucault, A Critical Reader, Basil Blackwell Publishing, Oxford UK, 1986.
18 warth David: H , , ,
19
. Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen :
, E , 2009.
20 Jacques Derrida Michel Foucault.
21 Ernest Laclau Chantal Mouffe.
22
. Jean-Franois Lyotard - La
Condition Postmoderne 1979. Ronald Brown

. Ronald Brown : The Eclipse of Social
Theory- The Influence of Nietzsche on Postmodern Thought , Simon Fraser University , Department
of Sociology and Anthropology, Thesis 1988 URL:
http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/bitstream/1892/5990/1/b14304818.pdf ( 12/01/2011).
23 Lyotard -
, , Lyotard Jean-Franois: The Postmodern Condition: A
Report on Knowledge, Manchester University Press, 1984: he position of judge or legislator is also

22

a position within a language game, and this raises the question of legitimation.. .here is a strict
interlinkage between the kind of language called science and the kind called ethics and politics ...
24 Lyotard Postmodern knowledge refines our sensitivity to
differences and reinforces our ability to tolerate the incommensurable .
25 . :
, URL:
http://library.panteion.gr:8080/dspace/bitstream/123456789/1008/1/Alexandros+Chrisis.pdf (
7/01/2011).
26 O Habermas , , ,
. :
; ,
; Bernhard Forchtner: Jrgen Habermas LanguagePhilosophy and the Critical Study of Language, Journal of Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis
across Disciplines, 2010 URL:http://www.cadaad.org/2010_volume_4_issue_1/63-46 (
4/11/2010).
27 abermas Flyvbjerg Bent: Ideal Theory, Real Rationality:

Habermas Versus Foucault and Nietzsche, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2000 URL:
http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/IdealTheory.pdf ( 8/01/2011).
28

Howarth David : , , , 2008

29

,
. Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen :
, , 2009.
30

Carmen Rosa Caldas- Coulthard , Malcolm Coulthard : Texts and Practices - Readings in Critical
Discourse Analysis, Routledge, New York 1996.
31

. Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen : ,

, 2009.
32

. Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen : ,

, 2009.
33

Laclau Mouffe
. : -
, , 1992.
34

Howarth David : , , , 2008.

35

Carmen Rosa Caldas- Coulthard , Malcolm Coulthard : Texts and Practices - Readings in Critical
Discourse Analysis, Routledge, New York 1996.
36

Carmen Rosa Caldas- Coulthard , Malcolm Coulthard : Texts and Practices - Readings in Critical
Discourse Analysis, Routledge, New York 1996.
37

Carmen Rosa Caldas- Coulthard , Malcolm Coulthard : Texts and Practices - Readings in Critical
Discourse Analysis, Routledge, New York 1996.
38

. James R. Martin : Positive Discourse Analysis Solidarity and Change, University of Sydney,
2006.

23

39

Bamberg, M., Andrews, M.: Considering Counter-Narratives: Narrating, resisting, making sense John
Benjamins Editions , Amsterdam , 2004.
40

Felicitas Macgilchrist : Positive Discourse Analysis: Contesting Dominant Discourses by Reframing the
Issues, European-University Viadrina Journal of Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across
Disciplines, Vol 1 (1).
41

Louise Phillips, Marianne Jorgensen :

, , 2009.
42

Riggins Harold : The Language and Politics of Exclusion others in discourse, Thousand Oaks, Sage
1997.
43

, .
44

:
, , ,
Gutenberg, 2006 ().
45

Deacon Alan : Perspectives on Welfare- Ideas,

Ideologies and policy debates, pen University Press, Buckingham, 2002.
46

:

, , ,
Gutenberg, 2002.

24


Bamberg, M., Andrews, M.: Considering Counter-Narratives: Narrating, resisting,
making sense John Benjamins Editions, Amsterdam , 2004.
Caldas-Coulthard Carmen Rosa, Coulthard Malcolm : Texts and Practices Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, Routledge, New York 1996.
Deacon Alan: Perspectives on Welfare- Ideas, Ideologies and policy debates, pen
University Press, Buckingham, 2002.
Flyvbjerg Bent: Ideal Theory, Real Rationality: Habermas Versus Foucault and
Nietzsche, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2000.
Forchtner Bernhard: Jrgen Habermas Language-Philosophy and the Critical Study
of Language, Journal of Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines,
2010.
Howarth David: Discourse, Open University Press, Celtic Court, 2000.
warth David: H , , , 2008.
Hoy Couzens David: Foucault, A Critical Reader, Basil Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
UK, 1986.
Lyotard Jean-Franois: The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge,
Manchester University Press, 1984.
Macgilchrist Felicitas: Positive Discourse Analysis: Contesting Dominant Discourses
by Reframing the Issues, European-University Viadrina Journal of Critical Approaches
to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines, Vol 1.
Martin R. James: Positive Discourse Analysis Solidarity and Change, University of
Sydney, 2006.
: -
, , 1992.
Mason Jennifer: , ,
2009.
Outhwaite William: Habermas, A Critical Introduction, Polity Press, Cambridge UK,
1994 .
Phillips Louise, Jorgensen Marianne: ,
E , , 2009.
Riggins Harold: The Language and Politics of Exclusion others in discourse,
Thousand Oaks, Sage 1997.
: ,
, , Gutenberg, 2006.
:
,
, , Gutenberg, 2002.
: -
, ,
, 2008.
Van Dijk eun: ndbook on Discourse Analysis Volume.3, Academic Press,
London, 1985.

25

van Dijk Teun .: Handbook on Discourse Analysis Volume 4 , Academic Press

London, 1985.
Van Dijk eun: Ideology and discourse -A Multidisciplinary Introduction , Pompeu
Fabra University, Barcelona.
Williamson Timothy: Past the Linguistic Turn? , The Future for Philosophy,
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
. : ,
.

26