MARCH 2012

MTV 410, TEST 1, MEMO

QUESTION 1

Velocity field
2

V Axyi By j =

2
u Axy
v By
=
=

2
1
A
B
=
=


Continuity equation





If incompressible then = constant and for two-dimensional ( ) 0 w
z

c
=
c





( ) ( )
2
0 Axy By
x y
c c
+ =
c c


2 0 Ay By =
( ) 2 2 1 0 y y =
2 2 0 y y =
0 0 =

Thus, the flow field is incompressible and satisfies the continuity equation.

For irrational flow 0 =

=
v u
x y
c c

c c

=
( ) ( )
2
By Axy
x y
c c

c c

= ( ) 0 Ax
= 2 0 Ax x = =



Thus the flow field is rotational




( ) ( ) ( )
0
u v w
t x y z
c c c c
+ + + =
c c c c
0
u v
x y
c c
+ =
c c

Question 2

Lumped system approach is exact when 0 Bi = . Thus the Biot number should be as small as
possible. In general


2
20
c
c
hL
Bi
k
L
k
=
=


Bi would be very small if
c
L is very small and k is very high. The best object describing this would
in general be a diamond. Diamons are generally very small (<1mm) and the thermal conductivity
is high k=4000 W/mK. Thus a 1 mm diamond


c
L =
s
V
A

=
3
2
/ 6 0.001
6 6
D D
D
t
t
= =



( ) 20 0.001
8.3 7
4000 6
Bi E = ~



Question 3

Average temperature of the orange (over the range from 15 to 0C) is approximately 7.5C. Assume
water at 7.5C, then W/mK, =999.4 kg/m
3
and Cp=4200 J/kgK.


( ) ( )
2
0.575
1.37 7 m /s
999.4 4200
k
E
Cp
o

= = =

( ) 15 0.04
1.04
0.575
o
hr
Bi
k
= = =
Heisler chart approach





From Figure 4.17 for 0.285
o
u = and
1
1
Bi
=
0.6 t = ( ) 0.2, Heisler chart is valid t >

2
o
t
r
o
t =

( )
( )
2
1.37 7
0.6
0.040
E t
=

7007 1.95 t s h =
Or analytically

2
1
, 1
o
o sp
i
T T
Ae
T T
t
u

= =

, where at 1, Bi =

1 1
1.5708 1.2732 and A = =
( )
( )
2
1.5708
0 6
1.2732
15 6
e
t

=



0.605 t = ( ) 0, 2, thus one termapproach is valid t >


( )
( )
2
1.37 7
0.605
0.040
E t
=

7072 1.96 t s h = =


( )
( )
0 6
0.285
15 6
o
o
i
T T
T T
u

= = =

Question 4





For 0 x = on the surface


4
s
s i
q t
T T
k
o
t
= +
For aluminium at room temperature (300K) from Table A.3

237 k = W/mK and 91.1E o = - 6m
2
/s


( ) ( ) 4 97.1 6 30 60 4000
20
237
s
E
T
t

= +

28 C =

8 T C =






( )
2
4
, exp
4 2
s
q t x x
T x t Ti xerfc
k t t
o
t o o
(
| | | |
=
( | |
\ .
\ .

Question 5








( )
1 2
1 2 1 1
12 0.020
0.1081 0.3208 1.0173
2.22
wall wall
hL hL
Bi Bi A
k k
= = = = = = =





Assume 0.2 t > in all directions = one term solution

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
2
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
cos / cos /
block wall wall wall
e e
i
L L L t Lt L t L t
T L L L t T
A L L A L L
T T
t t

u u u u

= =

( (
=

( )
3
3
1 1
12 0.050
0.2703
2.22
0.4951 1.0408
wall
hL
Bi
k
A
= = =
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
0.124 7
0.3208
0.02
0.124 7
0.4951
0.05
0 18
1.01713 cos 0.3208
20 18
1.0408 cos 0.4951
E t
E t
e
e
| |

|
\ .
| |

|
\ .
(

=
(

(

(
(
(



77 500 21.5 t s h = =


2
3
0.384
t
L
o
t = = assumption is valid