REBAR WORKS 101

Construction Manpower Development Foundation

Objectives
Be familiar with pertinent code provisions/requirements Identify grade, size and type of steel used Prepare rebar placing/working drawings and bar bending and cutting schedule

Material Specification
PNS 49 : 1991 - Specs. For Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A 615 Specs. For Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A 616 Specs. For Rail Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A 617 Specs. For Axle Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A 706 Specs. For Low Alloy Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

Fundamentals
REINFORCING BARS SHALL BE: ACCURATELY PLACED

ADEQUATELY SUPPORTED AND

SHALL BE SECURED AGAINST DISPLACEMENT

Placing Tolerances
Tolerance on effective depth (d) d 200 mm d > 200 mm Tolerance on minimum concrete cover - 10 mm - 12 mm

10 mm
12 mm

Fundamentals
Cutting
Reinforcing bars shall be cut cold

Bending
Reinforcing bars shall be bent cold Dont re-bend, heat or re-straighten reinforcing bars

Standard Hooks for Main Bars

900 BEND 1800 BEND

E
E = larger of 4db or 65mm

db = nominal diameter of main bar

Standard Hooks for Ties and Stirrups

900 BEND 1350 BEND

E E

6db (db16mm) 12db (db=20 or 25mm)

6db (db 25mm) or 75mm

Minimum Bend Diameter

Nominal Diameter 10 12 16 20 Minimum Bend Diameter Main Bars Ties/Stirrups

4 db

6 db
6 db 8 db 10 db

25
28

32, 36
42, 58

Concrete Cover
Types of Structure
Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth Concrete exposed to earth or weather: 20mm through 36mm bars 16mm and smaller bars Concrete not exposed to earth or weather or not in contact with ground: Slabs, walls, joists 32mm and smaller Beams, columns. Primary reinforcement ties, stirrups, spirals Minimum Concrete Cover (mm) 75 50 40

20 40

Spacing Limits of RSB

Parallel Bars
Sc = db, but not less than 25mm db = bar diameter

Parallel Bars in two or more layers

Sc = 25mm

Sc

Spacing Limits of RSB

Spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members
Sc = 1.5db but not less than 40mm

Contact Lap Splices

Sc = db, but not less than 25mm

Spacing Limits of RSB

Walls and Slabs

Sc < 3t but not greater than 450mm Sc = 25 mm minimum t = wall or slab thickness

Identifying the type, size and grade of steel used

Anong size kaya ito ?

PNS 49: 2002

Manufacturers Marking

A
275

Grade
Bar Size Weldable

32 W

PNS 49: 2002

275

PNS Grade Marking Dash Metric no dash Grade 230 1 dash Grade 275 2 dash Grade 415

English 33 ksi 40 ksi 60 ksi

PNS 49: 2002

lugs

Ribs

Quality Test Rebar (PNS 49)

Classification

Chemical Composition Mechanical Properties

Yield strength Tensile Strength % Elongation Bend Test

Regular steel bars; and Weldable

Dimension and Mass Tolerance Deformation Requirements

Height of Lugs Spacing Gap distance

PNS 49: 2002

Nominal Dimensions and Unit Mass Standards Diameter, mm
10 12 16

Perimeter, mm
31.4 37.7 50.3

Cross Sectional Area, mm2

78.54 113.10 201.06

Mass, Kg/m
0.617 0.888 1.578

20
25 28 32 36 40 50

62.8
78.5 88.0 100.5 113.1 125.7 157.1

314.16
490.88 615.75 804.25 1017.88 1256.64 1963.50

2.466
3.853 4.834 6.313 7.990 9.865 15.413

Tolerance, height of lugs

Minimum height of lugs Nominal diameter, mm *

10
12 and 16 20 and above *Percent of nominal diameter

4.0
4.5 5.0

PNS 49: 2002

Deformation Requirements Diameter, mm
10 12

Max. average spacing of lugs, mm

7.0 8.4

Height of tolerance of lugs, mm Min.

0.4 0.5

Max.
0.8 1.0

Max. Value summation of gaps of Lugs, mm

7.8 9.4

16
20 25 28 32 36 40 50

11.2
14.0 17.5 19.6 22.4 25.2 28.0 35.0

0.7
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5

1.4
2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0

12.6
15.7 19.6 22.0 25.1 28.3 31.4 39.3

PNS 49: 2002

White - Grade 230 Yellow - Grade 275

Green - Grade 415

Red Weldable Bars

Prepare Placing/working drawing

Bar cut off/bend point Splice location & length Number of bars Placing dimension Cut length Bar position/location X-dimension & clear distance

GIRDER PLACING DRAWING

Joint

COLUMN PLACING DRAWING

(NSCP 2010)407.14 Requirements for Structural Integrity, Perimeter Beams

Perimeter beams, shall have continuous reinforcement over the span length passing thru the region bounded by the longitudinal reinforcement of the column consisting of 1. At least 1/6 of the required tension reinforcement for neg. moment but not less than 2 bars 2. At least 1/4 of the required tension reinforcement for positive moment but not less than 2 bars And tied with closed stirrups. Closed stirrups need not be extended through any joints. Continuity with top bars spliced at midspan & bottom bars spliced at or near the support with Class B tension splices

(NSCP 2010)407.14 Requirements for Structural Integrity, Interior beams

In other than perimeter beams, when closed stirrups are provided there are no additional requirement for longitudinal integrity reinforcement. Where such transverse reinforcement is not provided, at least 1/4 of the positive moment reinforcement required at midspan, but not less than 2 bars shall be continuous or shall be spliced near or over the support with a class B tension splice and at non- continuous supports be terminated with a standard hook

Splicing of Reinforcing Bars

Contact Lap Splice

Splicing of Reinforcing Bars

Coupled Splice

Welded Splice

Splicing of Reinforcing Bars

GAS PRESSURE WELDING (GPW)

(NSCP 2010) 412.11 Development of Flexural Reinforcement - General

.3 Reinforcement shall extend beyond the point at which it is no longer required to resist flexure for a distance equal to the effective depth of the member or 12db, whichever is greater or, except at supports of simple spans and at free end of cantilevers

412.11 Development of Flexural Reinforcement - General

L/4 d or 12db

TOP BAR d

D
d or 12db

BOTTOM BAR

412.11 Development of Flexural Reinforcement - General

d or 12 db d or 12 db

L/3

L/3

d or 12db

d or 12db

(NSCP 2010) 412.11 Development of Flexural Reinforcement - General

.4. Continuing reinforcement shall have an embedment length not less than the development length ld beyond the point where bent or terminated tension reinforcement is no longer required to resist flexure.

412.12 Development of Positive Moment Reinforcement

.1. At least 1/3 of the positive moment reinforcement in simple members and 1/4 the positive moment reinforcement in continuous members shall extend along the same face of member into the support. In beams, such reinforcement shall extend into the support at least 150 mm

412.12 Development of Positive Moment Reinforcement

L/4

D
150 mm min.

d or 12db

BOTTOM BAR

1/4 x BOTTOM BAR

412.13 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement

.1. Negative moment reinforcement in a continuous, restrained, or cantilever member or in any member of a rigid frame, shall be anchored in or through the supporting member by embedment length, hooks, or mechanical anchorage.

412.13 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement

.3. At least 1/3 of the total tension reinforcement provided for negative moment at the support shall have an embedment length beyond the point of inflection not less than effective depth of member, 12db, or 1/16 of the clear span, whichever is greater.

412.13 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement

d or 12db or L/16 L/4 d or 12db TOP BAR 1/3 x TOP BAR d

412.16, NSCP 2010, Splices of Deformed Bars & Wires in Tension

.2 Lap splices of deformed bars and deformed wires in tension shall be Class B except that Class A splices are allowed when: a. The area of reinforcement provided is at least twice that required by analysis over the entire length of splice, and

b. 1/2 or less of the total reinforcement is spliced within the required length

412.16, NSCP 2010, Splices of Deformed Bars & Wires in Tension

CLASS A LAP SPLICE CLASS B LAP SPLICE

= 1.0 ld = 1.3 ld

Basic Development Length Formula - Tension

For 20 mm dia and smaller
Note: Sc and cc db, stirrups and ties through out ld not less than the code min. Or

= db (fy l c ) 2.1 fc For 25 mm dia and larger

= db (fy l c ) 1.7 fc

Sc 2db and cc db

Basic Development Length Formula - Tension

For 20 mm dia and smaller
Note: for other cases

= db (fy l c ) 1.4 fc For 25 mm dia and larger

= db (fy l c ) 1.1 fc

412.17, NSCP 2010, Splices of Deformed Bars in Compression

LAP SPLICE = 0.071fydb

412.18.2, Lap Splices in Columns

.2 Where bar stress due to factored load is tensile and does not exceed 0.5Fy in tension, lap splices shall be Class B tension lap splices if more than 1/2 of the bars are spliced at any section, or Class A tension lap splices if half or fewer bars are spliced at any section and alternate lap splices are staggered by ld.

Prepare Bar Bending & Cutting Schedule

Structure Location/position of RSB Shape and dimension Bar size Cut length No. of pieces

Structure Structure

Position/Location Location/Position

Shape/Dimension

Bar

Cut Length

Pcs

Column

Main Bar End Bar

Top Bar Bottom Bar Girder

Extra Top Bar

Extra Bottom Bar

Stiffener Stirrups Spreader Top Bar Beam Bottom Bar

Extra Bottom Bar

Stirrups

Change in Length from Detailing Dimension to Cutting Length

Bar , mm 8 10 +7db + 65 - 0.5 db - 2.5 db + 3 db + 13.5 db + 11 db Main Bars

Bend Correction
45 90 180

Hook Correction
90 180

12
16 20 25

28
32 36 - 0.6 db - 2.9 db + 4.1 db + 14.1 db + 13.1 db

Change in Length from Detailing Dimension to Cutting Length

Ties/Stirrups Bar , mm Bend Correction 90 Hook Correction 90 135

8
10 12 - 2 db

+ db + 60
+ 7 db

+ 3 db + 60
+ 9 db

16
20 25 - 2.5 db + 13.5 db + 10.2 db

Cutting List (Sample Form)

Structure Position/Location Shape/Dimension Bar Diameter Cut Length No. of Pieces

Methods of Tying Bars

Snap or Single Tie - a simple tie wrapped once around the two crossing bar in diagonal manner. Saddle or U tie - for footing bars or other mats. - for securing col. ties to vertical bars. Wrap and Saddle Tie - used to secure heavy mats that are lifted by crane.

Wrap and Snap Tie - used in tying wall reinforcement.

Figure Eight Tie - can be used instead of Wrap Snap tie.

Bar Supports
Metal Concrete Plastic

Bar Supports