REBAR WORKS

Construction Manpower
Development Foundation
Objectives

 Be familiar with pertinent code

provisions/requirements

 Be familiar with the different grade, size and

type of steel of RSB

 Be familiar with the process of preparing rebar

placing/working drawings and bar bending
and cutting schedule
Material Specification
 PNS 49 : 1991 - Specs. For Steel Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement
 ASTM A 615M – Specs. For Deformed and Plain
Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement for
Seismic Resisting Members
 ASTM A 616 – Specs. For Rail Steel Deformed and
Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
 ASTM A 617 – Specs. For Axle Steel Deformed and
Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
 ASTM A 706M – Specs. For Low Alloy Steel
Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement for
members resisting earthquake induced forces
Fundamentals

 Accurately placed

 Adequately supported

 Shall be secured against displacement

Placing Tolerances

Tolerance on Tolerance on
effective depth minimum
(d) concrete cover

d  200 mm ± 10 mm - 10 mm

d > 200 mm ± 12 mm - 12 mm
Fundamentals
 Cutting
 Reinforcing bars shall be cut cold

 Bending
 Reinforcing bars shall be bent cold
 Don’t re-bend, heat or re-straighten
reinforcing bars
Standard Hooks for Main Bars

900 BEND 1800 BEND

E
E = larger of
4db or 60mm

db = nominal diameter of main bar

 Standard Hooks for Ties and Stirrups

900 BEND 1350 BEND

6db (db16mm)
6db (db  25mm)
12db (db=20 or 25mm)
or 75mm
Minimum Bend Diameter
Nominal Minimum Bend Diameter
Diameter, PNS Main Bars Ties/Stirrups

10
12 4 db
16 6 db
20
6 db
25
28, 32, 36 8 db
-
42, 58 10 db
Concrete Cover
Types of Structure Minimum Concrete Cover (mm)
Concrete cast against and permanently
exposed to earth 75
Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
20mm through 36mm bars 50
16mm and smaller bars 40

Concrete not exposed to earth or weather

or not in contact with ground:
Slabs, walls, joists
32mm and smaller 20
Beams, columns. Primary
reinforcement ties, stirrups, spirals 40
Spacing Limits of RSB

Parallel Bars Parallel Bars in two or

more layers
Sc = db, but not
less than 25mm Sc = 25mm

db = bar diameter

Sc
 Spacing Limits of RSB
Spirally reinforced or tied Contact Lap Splices
reinforced compression
members
Sc = 1.5db but not less than Sc = db, but not less than
40mm 25mm
 Spacing Limits of RSB

Walls and Slabs

Sc < 3t but not greater than 450mm

Sc = 25 mm minimum

t = wall or slab thickness

Bar Supports

Metal Concrete Plastic

Bar Supports
Identifying the type, size and grade of
steel used
Anong size kaya
ito ?
PNS 49: 2002

lugs

Ribs
PNS 49: 2002

Manufacturer’s
A A
Marking

Grade 275

Bar Size 32
W Weldable W
PNS 49: 2002

PNS Grade Marking

275
Dash Metric English
no dash Grade 230 33 ksi
1 dash Grade 275 40 ksi
2 dash Grade 415 60 ksi
PNS 49: 2002
Nominal Dimensions and Unit Mass Standards
Cross
Diameter, mm Perimeter, mm Sectional Mass, Kg/m
Area, mm2
10 31.4 78.54 0.617
12 37.7 113.10 0.888
16 50.3 201.06 1.578
20 62.8 314.16 2.466
25 78.5 490.88 3.853
28 88.0 615.75 4.834
32 100.5 804.25 6.313
36 113.1 1017.88 7.990
40 125.7 1256.64 9.865
50 157.1 1963.50 15.413
Tolerance, height of lugs

Minimum height of lugs

Nominal diameter, mm
*
10 4.0
12 and 16 4.5
20 and above 5.0
*Percent of nominal diameter
PNS 49: 2002
Deformation Requirements

Height of tolerance Max. Value

Max. average
Diameter, of lugs, mm summation of
spacing of
mm gaps of Lugs,
lugs, mm
Min. Max. mm
10 7.0 0.4 0.8 7.8
12 8.4 0.5 1.0 9.4
16 11.2 0.7 1.4 12.6
20 14.0 1.0 2.0 15.7
25 17.5 1.2 2.4 19.6
28 19.6 1.4 2.8 22.0
32 22.4 1.6 3.2 25.1
36 25.2 1.8 3.6 28.3
40 28.0 2.0 4.0 31.4
50 35.0 2.5 5.0 39.3
PNS 49: 2002

White - Grade 230

Yellow - Grade 275
Green - Grade 415
Red – Weldable Bars
Prepare Placing/working drawing
 Bar cut off/bend point
 Splice location
 Number of bars
 Placing dimension
 Cut length
 Bar position/location
GIRDER PLACING DRAWING
 Joint

COLUMN PLACING DRAWING

 407.14 Requirements for Structural
Integrity (NSCP 6th Ed 2010)

.2.2 Beams at the perimeter of the structure shall

have continuous reinforcement over the span
length passing thru the region bounded by the
longitudinal reinforcement of the column
consisting of
1. At least 1/6 of the tension reinforcement
required for neg. moment at the support, but
not less than two bars;
2. At least 1/4 of the for positive moment
reinforcement required at mid span, but not
less than two bars.
 407.14 Requirements for Structural
Integrity (NSCP 6th Ed. 2010)
.2.5 In other than perimeter beams,
when closed stirrups are not
provided, at least 1/4 of the positive
moment reinforcement required at
midspan shall be continuous or
shall be spliced over the support
with a “class B” tension splice and
at non- continuous supports be
terminated with a standard hook.
Splicing of Reinforcing Bars

Contact Lap Slice

Splicing of Reinforcing Bars
Coupled Splice

Welded Splice
Splicing of RSB
GAS PRESSURE WELDING (GPW)
5.12.15, NSCP 1992, Splices of
Deformed Bars & Wires in Tension

ldb
32mm bar & smaller = 0.02Abfy /  fc’

36mm = 25fy /  fc’

 5.12.10 Development of Flexural
Reinforcement - General

.3. Reinforcement shall extend

beyond the point at which it
is no longer required to
resist flexure for a distance
equal to the effective depth
of the member or 12db,
whichever is greater or,
except at supports of
simple spans and at free
end of cantilevers
 5.12.10 Development of Flexural
Reinforcement - General

L/4 d or 12db
TOP BAR

d
D

d or 12db
BOTTOM BAR
 5.12.10 Development of Flexural
Reinforcement - General
d or
d or 12 db
12 db L/3 L/3

d
D

d or d or
12db 12db
 5.12.10 Development of Flexural
Reinforcement - General

.4. Continuing reinforcement

shall have an embedment
length not less than the
development length ld
beyond the point where
bent or terminated tension
reinforcement is no longer
required to resist flexure.
 5.12.11 Development of Positive
Moment Reinforcement

.1. At least 1/3 of the positive

moment reinforcement in
simple members and 1/4 the
positive moment
reinforcement in continuous
members shall extend along
the same face of member into
the support. In beams, such
reinforcement shall extend into
the support at least 150 mm
 5.12.11 Development of Positive
Moment Reinforcement

L/4 d or 12db
TOP BAR

d
D

150 mm min.
d or 12db
BOTTOM BAR

1/4 x BOTTOM BAR

 5.12.12 Development of Negative
Moment Reinforcement

.1. Negative moment

reinforcement in a
continuous, restrained, or
cantilever member or in
any member of a rigid
frame, shall be anchored in
or through the supporting
member by embedment
length, hooks, or
mechanical anchorage.
 5.12.12 Development of Negative
Moment Reinforcement

.3. At least 1/3 of the total tension

reinforcement provided for
negative moment at the
support shall have an
embedment length beyond the
point of inflection not less than
effective depth of member,
12db, or 1/16 of the clear
span, whichever is greater.
 5.12.12 Development of Negative
Moment Reinforcement
d or 12db or L/16

L/4 d or 12db TOP BAR

1/3 x TOP BAR

d
D

d or 12db
5.12.16, NSCP 1992, Splices of
Deformed Bars in Compression

LAP SPLICE = 0.07fydb

5.12.15, NSCP 1992, Splices of
Deformed Bars & Wires in Tension

CLASS A LAP SPLICE = 1.0 ld

CLASS B LAP SPLICE = 1.3 ld

Where:
ld = ldb X MODIFICATION FACTOR
5.12.15, NSCP 1992, Splices of
Deformed Bars & Wires in Tension

.2 Lap splices of deformed bars and deformed

wires in tension shall be Class B except that
Class A splices are allowed when:

a. The area of reinforcement provided is at

least twice that required by analysis over the
entire length of splice, and
b. 1/2 or less of the total reinforcement is
spliced within the required length
5.12.17, Lap Splices in Columns

.2 Where bar stress due to factored load is tensile

and does not exceed 0.5Fy in tension, lap
splices shall be Class B tension lap splices if
more than 1/2 of the bars are spliced at any
section, or Class A tension lap splices if half or
fewer bars are spliced at any section and
alternate lap splices are staggered by ld.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement
5.21.3.2.1 At any section of a flexural member,
the top and bottom reinforcement shall not be
less than 1.4bd/Fy, and the reinforcement
ration ρ shall not exceed 0.025. At least two
(2) bars shall be provided continuously for top
and bottom.
5.21.3.2.2 Positive moment strength at joint face
shall not be less than one-half of the negative
moment provided at that face of the joint.
Neither the + or – moment strength at any
section along member length shall be less than
1/4 the max moment strength.
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement

lap length

d Hoop
D

Lap splices shall not be used ;

= w/in 2D
2D
= w/in the joints
= at location where analysis
Spacing of hoops w/in the lap length indicates flexural yielding caused
= d/4 by inelastic lateral displacement of
= 100 mm the frame
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement

50 mm max So
d/2 max

d
D

2D So is equal to smallest of :
= d/4
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bars
= 24db of hoop bars
= 300 mm
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement

So 50 mm max 50 mm max So
d/2 max

d
D

2D 2D

So is equal to smallest of :
= d/4
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bars
= 24db of hoop bars
= 300 mm
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement
5.21.3.2.3 Lap splices of flexural reinforcement
shall be permitted only if hoop or spiral
reinforcement is provided over the lap length.
Maximum spacing of the transverse
reinforcement enclosing the lapped bars shall
not exceed d/4 or 100 mm. Lap splices shall
not be used (a) within the joints, (b) within a
distance of twice the member depth from the
face of joint (c) at locations where analysis
indicates flexural yielding caused by inelastic
lateral displacements of the frame.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Longitudinal Reinforcement

5.21.3.2.4 Welded splices and mechanical

connections are allowed for splicing provided
not more than alternate longitudinal bars in
each layer of longitudinal reinforcement are
spliced at a section and the distance between
splices is 600 mm or more measured along the
longitudinal axis of the frame member.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Transverse Reinforcement
5.21.3.3.1 Hoops shall be provided in the
following regions of frame members:
(1) Over a length equal to twice the member depth
measured from the face of the supporting
member towards midspan, at both ends of the
flexural member.
(2) Over lengths equal to twice the member depth
on both sides of a section where flexural
yielding is likely to occur in connection with
inelastic displacement of the frame.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC
DESIGN – Flexural Members of
Frames, Transverse Reinforcement
5.21.3.3.2 The first hoop shall be located not
more than 50 mm from the face of the
supporting member. Maximum spacing of
hoops shall not exceed (a) d/4, (b) 8db of the
smallest longitudinal bars, (c) 24db of hoop
bars, and (d) 300 mm.
5.21.3.3.4 Where hoops are not required, stirrups
shall be spaced not more than d/2 throughout
the length of the member.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN –
Frame Members Subjected to Bending & Axial
Load, Longitudinal Reinforcement (5.21.4.3)

5.21.4.3.2 Lap splices are permitted only within

the center half of the member length and shall
be proportioned as tension splice. Welded
splices and mechanical connections are
allowed for splicing the reinforcement at any
section provided not more than alternate
longitudinal bars are spliced at a section and
the distance between splices is 600 mm or
more along the longitudinal axis of the
reinforcement.
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN –
Frame Members Subjected to Bending & Axial
Load, Longitudinal Reinforcement (5.21.4.3)

ls/2
lap length, ls
s

ls/2

h/2
• Lap splices are permitted only on
the center half of the member
length
• Spacing of hoops w/in the lap length,
smallest of ;
= d/4
= 100 mm

Hoop
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN –
Frame Members Subjected to Bending & Axial
Load, Transverse Reinforcement (5.21.4.4)

5.21.4.4.2 Transverse reinforcement shall be

spaced at distance not exceeding (a) 1/4 of the
minimum member dimension (b) 100 mm.
5.21.4.4.4 Transverse reinforcement in amount
specified above, shall be provided over a length
Lo from each joint face and on both sides of
any section where flexural yielding is likely to
occur in connection with inelastic lateral
displacement of the frame. Lo shall not be less
than (a) depth of the member at joint face or
where flexural yielding is likely to occur, (b) 1/6
of the clear span of the member, and (c) 450
mm.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN –
Frame Members Subjected to Bending & Axial
Load, Transverse Reinforcement (5.21.4.4)

• Lo is the largest of ;
S
= largest column dimension
So = 1/6 of column height
Lo = 450 mm

• Spacing of hoops (So)

w/in the length Lo, smallest of ;
= d/4
= 100 mm
• Spacing of hoops (S)
Lo smallest of ;
= 6db of main bar
Hoop
= 150 mm
S
S
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN –
Frame Members Subjected to Bending & Axial
Load, Transverse Reinforcement (5.21.4.4)

5.21.4.4.6 Where transverse reinforcement as

specified by section 5.21.4.4.1 to 5.21.4.4.3 is
not provided throughout the full length of the
column, the remainder of the column length
shall contain spiral or hoop reinforcement with
center-to-center spacing not exceeding the
smaller of 6db of longitudinal column bars or
150 mm.
5.21.8 Frame Members Not Proportioned To
Resist Forces Induced By Earthquake
Motions

5.21.8.1 Frame members assumed not to

contribute to lateral resistance shall be detailed
according to the following;
5.21.8.1.2 When induced moment doesn’t exceed
design moment, the member shall satisfy Sec.
5.21.3.2.1
5.21.8.2 Frame members with factored axial
compressive forces exceeding Agƒ’c/10 shall
satisfy the following requirements unless they
comply with Sec.5.21.4.4
5.21.8 Frame Members Not Proportioned To
Resist Forces Induced By Earthquake
Motions

5.21.8.2.1 Ties shall have hooks not less than

135° with extension not less than 6db
tie diameter or 60 mm.
5.21.8.2.2 The max tie spacing shall be So over a
length Lo measured from the joint face.
The spacing So shall not be more than
a) 8db of smallest longitudinal bars, b)
24 tie bar dia., c) 1/2 the least col.
Dimension. The length Lo shall not be
less than a) 1/6 clear col. height, b) max
col. dimension, and c) 450 mm.
5.21.8 Frame Members Not Proportioned To
Resist Forces Induced By Earthquake
Motions

• Lo is the largest of ;
S
= largest column dimension
So = 1/6 of column height
Lo = 450 mm

0.5So • Spacing of hoops (So)

w/in the length Lo, smallest of ;
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bar
= 24db of tie bar
0.5So = ½ the least column dimension

Lo
So • Spacing of hoops (S) should
not exceed Hoop
S = 2So
S
5.21.8 Frame Members Not Proportioned To
Resist Forces Induced By Earthquake
Motions

5.21.8.2.3 The first tie shall be within the a

distance equal to 0.50 So from the face
of the joint.
5.21.8.2.4 The tie spacing shall not exceed 2 So in
any part of the column.
5.21.9 Requirements for Frames on Regions
of Moderate Seismic Risk - Beams
5.21.9.4.2 At both ends of the member, stirrups
shall be provided over lengths equal to
2x the member depth measured from
face of supporting member toward
midspan. The 1st stirrups shall be
located not more than 50 mm from face
of supporting member, spacing shall not
exceed a) d/4, b) 8db of smallest main
bar, c) 24db of stirrups, and d) 300 mm.
5.21.9.4.3 Stirrups shall be placed not more than
d/2 throughout the length of the
member.
5.21.9 Requirements for Frames on
Regions of Moderate Seismic Risk -
Beams

50 mm max So
d/2 max

d stirrup
D

2D So is equal to smallest of :
= d/4
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bars
= 24db of hoop bars
= 300 mm
 5.21.9 Requirements for Frames on
Regions of Moderate Seismic Risk -
Beams

So 50 mm max 50 mm max So
d/2 max

d
D

2D 2D

So is equal to smallest of :
= d/4
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bars
= 24db of hoop bars
stirrup = 300 mm
5.21.9 Requirements for Frames on Regions
of Moderate Seismic Risk - Columns
5.21.9.5.1 The max tie spacing shall be So over a
length Lo measured from the joint face.
Spacing So shall not be more than a)
8db of smallest longitudinal bars, b) 24
tie bar dia., c) 1/2 the least col.
dimension, and d) 300 mm. Length Lo
shall not be less than a) 1/6 clear col.
height, b) max col. dimension, and c)
450 mm.
5.21.9.5.2 The 1st tie shall be placed not more than
So/2 from the joint face.
5.21.8.5.4 Tie spacing shall not exceed 2So.
5.21.9 Requirements for Frames on Regions
of Moderate Seismic Risk - Columns

• Lo is the largest of ;
S
= largest column dimension
So = 1/6 of column height
Lo = 450 mm

0.5So • Spacing of hoops (So)

w/in the length Lo, smallest of ;
= 8db of smallest longitudinal bar
= 24db of tie bar
0.5So = ½ the least column dimension
= 300 mm
Lo
So • Spacing of hoops (S) should
not exceed Tie
S = 2So
S
Prepare Bar Bending & Cutting
Schedule
 Structure
 Location/position of RSB
 Shape and dimension
 Bar size
 Cut length
 No. of pieces
Structure
Structure Position/Location
Location/Position Shape/Dimension Bar Ø Cut Length Pcs

Main Bar

Column
End Bar

Top Bar

Girder Bottom Bar

Extra Top Bar

Extra Bottom Bar

Stiffener

Stirrups
Spreader

Top Bar
Beam

Bottom Bar

Extra Bottom Bar

Stirrups
 Change in Length from Detailing
Dimension to Cutting Length
Main Bars
Bar Φ, Bend Correction Hook Correction
mm 45° 90° 180° 90° 180°

8
10 +7db + 65
12
- 0.5 db - 2.5 db + 3 db + 13.5 db
16
20 + 11 db
25
28
32 - 0.6 db - 2.9 db + 4.1 db + 14.1 db + 13.1 db
36
Change in Length from Detailing
Dimension to Cutting Length
Ties/Stirrups
Bend
Bar Φ, mm Hook Correction
Correction
90° 90° 135°
8 + db + 60 + 3 db + 60
10
- 2 db
12 + 7 db + 9 db
16
20
- 2.5 db + 13.5 db + 10.2 db
25
 Cutting List (Sample Form)
Structure Position/Location Shape/Dimension Bar Diameter Cut Length No. of Pieces
Methods of Tying Bars

Snap or Single Tie Saddle or U tie

- a simple tie - for footing bars or
wrapped once other mats.
around the two - for securing col. ties
crossing bar in to vertical bars.
diagonal manner. Wrap and Saddle Tie
- used to secure
heavy mats that are
Wrap and Snap lifted by crane.
Tie
- used in tying Figure Eight Tie
wall reinforcement. - can be used instead
of Wrap Snap tie.