Professional Documents
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IMPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS
l An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where
a, b, c are real numbers, is called a linear
equation in x and y. For example, 3x + 2y = 9, 4x
5y = 1 and
3
4
x 2y = 5 are linear equations in
x and y.
l A linear equation in two variables can be solved
in the same way as a linear equation in one
variable. The pair of values of x and y which
satisfies the given equation is called solution of
the equation in two variables.
l A linear equation in two variables has infinitely
many solutions.
l In order to draw the graph of a linear equation in
two variables we may follow the following
method :
(i) Express y in terms of x.
(ii) Choose at least two convenient values of x
and find the corresponding values of y,
satisfying the given equation.
(iii) Write down these values of x and y in the
form of a table.
(iv) Plot the ordered pairs (x, y) from the table
on a graph paper.
(v) Join these points by a straight line and ex-
tend it in both the directions.
This line is the graph of the given equation.
l (i) Equation of a line parallel to the y-axis at a
distance a from it is x = a.
(ii) Equation of a line parallel to the x-axis at a
distance b from it is y = b.
1. On putting x = 4, y = 5 in the equation
3x 2y 2k = 0, the value of k is :
(a) 5 (b) 2 (c) 11 (d) 11
2. The equation of the line whose graph passes
through the origin, is :
(a) 2x + 3y = 1 (b) 2x + 3y = 0
(c) 2x + 3y = 6 (d) none of these
3. If x = 1, y = 4 is a solution of the equation
mx y = 6, then the value of m is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 0
4. The general form of a linear equation in two
variables is :
(a) ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are real num-
bers and a, b
0
(b) ax + b = 0, where a, b are real numbers and
a
0
(c) ax
2
+ bx + c = 0, where a, b, c are real
numbers and a, b
0
(d) none of these
5. If the point
3
1
3
,
C + 32
(i) If the temperature is 30 C, what is the
temperature in Fahrenheit?
(ii) If the temperature is 95 F, what is the
temperature in Celsius?
(iii) Find the temperature which is numerically the
same in both Fahrenheit and Celsius?
22. Give geometric representation of 2y + 7 = 0 as an
equation : [T-II (2011)]
(i) in one variable (ii) in two variables
23. Draw a graph of linear equation 3x + 2y = 12.
[T-II (2011)]
24. Find two different solutions for the linear
equation 3x + 5y = 15 and check whether (2, 3)
is the solution. [T-II (2011)]
25. Find four solutions of the following linear equa-
tion in two variables. 2(x + 3) 3 (y 1) = 0
[T-II (2011)]
26. Draw the graph of the equation 3x + 4y = 12 and
find the coordinates of the points of intersection
of the graph with axes. [T-II (2011)]
27. The taxi fare in a city is charged as per the rates
stated below : [T-II (2011)]
Rate for the first kilometre of joureney is Rs 5
and the rate for the subsequent distance covered
is Rs 4 per km. Taking distance covered as x km
and total fare as Rs y, write the linear equation in
variables x and y to express the above statement.
Draw the graph for the linear equation.
[T-II (2011)]
28. Alka and Noori, two students of class IX,
together contributed Rs 500 towards Prime
Ministers Relief Fund to help earthquake victims.
Write a linear equation which satisfies this data
and draw the graph of the same. [T-II (2011)]
29. Find the value of a for which the equation
2x + ay = 5 has (1, 1) as a solution. Find two
more soluiotns for the equation obtained.
[T-II (2011)]
30. Solve the linear equation for x :
2 3
5
3
4
2 3
4
x x x
+
+
=
+
.
[T-II (2011)]
31. Find a, if
a
a
a
a
+
=
+
+
3
2
2
7
, a 2, a 7.
[T-II (2011)]
32. Two years later a father will be eight years more
than three times the age of the son. Taking the
present age of father and son as x and y
respectively,
(a) Write a linear equation for the above and
draw its graph.
(b) From the graph, find the age of father when
sons age is 10 years.
33. Draw the graph of the equation 3x + y = 5 and
write the co-ordinates of the points where the line
intersects x-axis and y-axis. [T-II (2011)]
34. Draw the graph of the equaiton 2x + 3y = 6. Write
the points where the line intersects the x-axis and
the y -axis. [T-II (2011)]
35. Two pens and three pencils together cost Rs 20.
Represent this statement as a linear equation in
two variables and give two solutions for it. Also,
verify if (4, 2) is a solution of the equation
formed. [T-II (2011)]
36. Draw the graph of the equation represented by a
straight line which is parallel to x-axis and at a
distance 3 units below it. Write its equation also.
[T-II (2011)]
37. Solve the equation 2x + 1 = x 3 and represent
the solution on : [T-II (2011)]
(i) the number line (ii) the cartesian plane
38. Draw the graph of the equation 2(x + 3) 3
(1 + y) = 0. Also, find the point where the line
meets x-axis. [T-II (2011)]
39. Give the geometric representations of 2x + 5 = 0
as an equation [T-II (2011)]
(i) in one variable (ii) in two variables.
40. Express the equation y = 2x + 3 in the standard
form and find two solutions. Is (2, 3) its solution?
[T-II (2011)]
41. Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 14. If
we add 18 to the original number, the digits inter-
change their places. Write two equations for these
two statements. [T-II (2011)]
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42. The food charges in a hostel are as follows :
For the first day, the charges are Rs 100 and for
the subsequent days it is Rs 50 per day. Taking
the number of days as x and total charges as
Rs. y, write a linear equation for this information
and draw its graph. [T-II (2011)]
43. Draw the graphs of the equations x + y 10 = 0
and x y + 4 = 0 on the same graph paper.
[T-II (2011)]
44. Solve for x :
7 1
4
1
3
2
1
2
6
1
3
x
x
x
+
j
(
,
\
,
(
[T-II (2011)]
45. Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 12. If
18 is added to the original number the digits in-
terchange their places. Write two linear equations
representing these situations. [T-II (2011)]
46. Solve the following equation :
x j
(
,
\
,
(
1
3
1
4
(x 2) = 1 [T-II (2011)]
47. Give geometric representation of x + 3 = 0 as an
equation (i) in one variable (ii) in two variables.
[T-II (2011)]
48. Solve for x :
3 7
5
1
6
2 2
12
1
x x x
[T-II (2011)]
49. Draw the graph of equation 2x + 3y = 6. From
the graph find the value of x when y = 4.
[T-II (2011)]
50. Draw the graph of two lines, whose equations are
3x 2y = 4 and x + y 3 = 0 on the same graph
paper and find the co-ordinates of the point where
two lines intersect. [T-II (2011)]
51. Draw the graph of two lines whose equations are
3x 2y + 6 = 0 and x + 2y 6 = 0 on the same
graph paper. Find the area of the triangle formed
by two lines and x-axis. [T-II (2011)]
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [4 Marks]
A. Important Questions
1. Draw the graph of the linear equation 4x + y =
6. At what points the graph of the equation cuts
the x-axis and the y-axis ?
2. Draw the graphs of the equations x + y = 6 and
2x + 3y = 16 on the same graph paper. Find the
co-ordinates of the points where the two lines
intersect.
3. Show that the points A (1, 2), B ( 1, 16) and
C (0, 7) lie on the graph of linear equation
y = 9x 7.
4. The force exerted to pull a cart is directly
proportional to the acceleration produced in the
body. Express the statement as a linear equation
of two variables and draw the graph of the same
by taking the constant mass equal to 6 kg. Read
from the graph, the force required when the
acceleration produced is (i) 5m/sec
2
(ii) 6m/
sec
2
.
5. The linear equation that converts Fahrenheit (F)
to Celsius (C) is given by the relation
C
F
5 160
9
(i) If the temperature is 86F, what is the
temperature in Celsius ?
(ii) If the temperature is 35C, what is the
temperature in Fahrenheit ?
(iii) If the temperature is 0F, what is the
temperature in Celsius ?
(iv) What is the numerical value of the
temperature which is same in both the
scales ?
1. The taxi fare in a city is a follows : For the first
kilometer, the fare is Rs, 8 and for the subsequent
distance it is Rs 5/km. Taking the distance
covered as x km and total fare as Rs y, write a
linear equation for this information, and draw its
graph. [T-II (2011)]
2. Solve :
4
5
5
6
2
3
1
4
1
1
6
x x +
j
(
,
\
,
(
j
(
,
\
,
(
[T-II (2011)]
B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers
3. Rs 27 is in the form of 50 paise, 25 paise and
20 paise coins. The number of 25 paise coins is
double the number of 20 paise coins but half the
number of 50 paise coins. Find the number of
coins of each type. [T-II (2011)]
4. Solve :
y y y
+
,
,
]
]
]
3
5
4
7
6
2 1
35
[T-II (2011)]
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5. A number consists of 2 digits. The digit at tens
place is 2 times the digit in units place. The
number formed by reversing the digit is 27 less
than the original number. Find the number.
[T-II (2011)]
6. Solve for x :
x x x +
3
2
3 1
4
2 2
3
2
( )
[T-II (2011)]
7. A man leaves half his property to his wife, one
third of the remaining to his son and the rest to his
daughter. If daughters share is Rs 15000, how
much money did the man leave? How much
money did his wife and son each get?
[T-II (2011)]
8. You know that the force applied on a body is
directly proportional to the acceleration produced
in the body. If constant of proportionality is 2,
write an equation to express this situation and plot
the graph of equation. [T-II (2011)]
9. Solve for x :
3 2
7
4 1
5
2
3
x x +
+
+
( )
(2x + 1)
[T-II (2011)]
10. The total monthly expenditure of a household
consists of a fixed expenditure on house rent as
Rs 500 and the expenditure on rice which is
available at Rs 50 per kg. Write a linear equation
assuming the consumption of rice to be x kg per
month and the total expenditure of the household
per month as Rs y. Draw the graph of the
equaiton. [T-II (2011)]
11. I am three times as old as my son. Five years
later, I shall be two and a half times as old as my
son. How old am I and how old is my son?
[T-II (2011)]
12. If the work done by a body on application of a
constant force is directly proportional to the
distance travelled by the body, express this in the
form of an equation in two variables and draw the
graph of the same by taking the constant force as
5 units. Also read from the graph the work done
when the distance travelled by the body is 2 units.
[T-II (2011)]
13. Solve for x :
2 10
20
4 5
13
6
x x
+
+
[T-II (2011)]
14. Draw the graph of the linear equation
2x 3y + 7 = 0 and hence find the coordinates of
the point where the line intersects x-axis.
[T-II (2011)]
15. If (2, 3) and (4, 0) lie on the graph of equation
ax + by = 1, find the values of a and b. Plot the
graph of equation obtained. [T-II (2011)]
16. Draw the graphs of the equations 2x y = 3 and
3x + 2y = 1 on the same coordinate axes. Also,
find the point of intersection of the two lines from
the graphs. [T-II (2011)]
17. The following values of x and y are thought to
satisfy a linear equation.
x 1 2
y 1 3
Draw the graph, using the values of x and y. At
what points the graph cuts the x-axis and y-axis.
[T-II (2011)]
18. Draw the graph of equation 3x + y = 6. Also, find
the points where the line intersect x-axis and
y-axis. [T-II (2011)]
19. Draw the graphs of each of the equations
x 2y 3 = 0 and 4x + 3y 1 = 0 on the same
graph. [T-II (2011)]
20. 4 years before, age of a mother was 3 times the
age of her daughter. Write a linear equation to
represent this situation and draw its graph.
[T-II (2011)]
21. The parking charges of a car in a parking lot is
Rs. 30 for the first two hours and Rs 10 for
subsequent hours. Taking total parking time to be
x hours and total charges as Rs y, write a linear
equation in two variables to express the above
statement. Draw a graph for the linear equation
and read the charges for five hours. [T-II (2011)]
22. Draw the graph of the linear equation
2x + 3y = 12
(i) Write the co-ordinates of a point where
graph intersects x-axis.
(ii) From the graph show whether points (3, 2)
and (3, 6) are the solution of the equation.
[T-II (2011)]
23. A water tank is getting filled up by water flowing
at the rate of 15 cm
3
/sec. If the volume of water
filled in y seconds is x cm
3
, write a linear equation
in two variables to represent this situation. Draw
a graph for the equation formed and hence find
the volume of water filled in 9 seconds.
[T-II (2011)]
24. Draw the graph of the equation 2x + 3y 6 = 0.
(i) Using graph paper determine whether x = 3
and y = 0 is a solution
(ii) Find the value of y, if x = 3 and
(iii) Find the value of x, if y = 2 from the graph
and verify. [T-II (2011)]
25. Solve for x :
x x
+
+
7
4
6
3 1
2
2
( )
[T-II (2011)]
26. Solve for x :
4 5
6
2 2 7
3
3
2
x
x
+
+ ( )
)
[T-II (2011)]
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27. A and B are friends. A is elder to B by 5 years. Bs
sister C is half the age of B while As father D is
8 years older than twice the age of B. If the
present age of D is 48 years, find the present ages
of A, B and C. [T-II (2011)]
28. Solve for x :
3 5
3
4 2
5
25 7
15
x x x
+
+
=
+
[T-II (2011)]
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Activity
Objective : To draw the graph of a linear equation.
Materials Required : Graph paper, geometry box, etc.
Procedure : Let us draw the graph of the equation
x + 2y = 11
1. Write the given equation x + 2y = 11 as
y =
11
2
x
2. Give some suitable values to x and find the
corresponding value of y.
When x = 1, then y =
11 1
2
10
2
5
= =
When x = 3, then y =
11 3
2
8
2
4
= =
When x = 9, then y =
11 9
2
2
2
1
= =
3. Put the corresponding values of x and y in the
tabular form as shown below.
x 1 3 9
y 5 4 1
4. Now plot the points A (1, 5), B (3, 4) and
C(9, 1) on a graph paper.
5. Join AB and extend it on both sides to obtain
the required graph of the equation x + 2y = 11.
Also, check whether the point C(9, 1) lies on
the line or not.
6. Pick another point on this line say D(5, 3).
Check whether it is a solution of the given
equation or not.
7. Now take any point not lying on the line AB
say E(3, 2). Check whether it is a solution of
the given equation or not.
Observations :
1. After joining AB, if we extend it on both sides,
we see that the point C(9, 1) lies on the line
AB. It means every point whose coordinates
satisfy the given equation lies on the line AB.
2. The point D(5, 3) lies on the line AB.
Also, 5 + 2 3 = 5 + 6 = 11. So, (5, 3) is a
solution of the given equation.
Similarly, the point P(7, 2) lies on the line AB.
Also, 7 + 2 2 = 7 + 4 = 11. So, (7, 2) is also
a solution of the given equation.
It implies every point (a, b) on the line AB
gives a solution x = a, y = b of the given
equation.
3. The point E(3, 2) does not lie on the line AB.
Also, 3 + 2 2 = 3 + 4 = 7 11. It implies
any point which does not lie on the line AB is
not a solution of the given equation.
Conclusion : From the above activity, we can conclude
that :
(i) Every point on the line satisfies the equation of
the line.
(ii) Every solution of the equation is a point on the
line.
(iii) Any point which does not lie on the line is not
a soluton of the equation.
Do Yourself : Draw the graphs of each of the following
equations :
1. 2x + y = 5 2. 2x y = 0
3. 4x y = 8 4. 5x 3y = 9
In each case, verify that :
(i) Every point on the line satisfies the equation.
(ii) Every solution of the equation is a point on the
line.
(iii) Any point which does not lie on the line is not
a solution of the equation.