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Reaktor 01 (R - 01)
Fungsi : Tempat mereaksikan propilen dengan air membentuk isopropil alkohol
Tipe
Operasi : kontinyu
Gambar :
(2)
(3)
R-01
(4)
Data Design :
Temperatur
= 135 oC
Tekanan
= 98,7 atm
Konversi Propilen
= 75 %
= 16.318,7799 kg/jam
Densitas Campuran
= 236,22 kg/m3
+ H2O
CH3CH(OH)CH3
C3H6 + CH3CH(OH)CH3
C3H7OC3H7
364
(1)
(2)
109
Data Katalis :
Nama katalis
: Styrene-Divnyl Benzene
Porositas ()
: 0,45
: 0,125 cm
: 800 kg/m3
C3H6
k1
+ H2O
(A)
(B)
Persamaan Arhenius
: k = A e-E/RT
Laju reaksi
: -r = k1. CA. CB
2
+ B N
k = A
3
2
10
1
1 E / RT
8.R.T .
M +M
.e
B
A
Diameter Partikel
A = 6,675 A
= 6,675.10-8 cm
B = 2,649 A
= 2,649.10-8 cm
CH3CH(OH)CH3
Berat Molekul
MA = 42,08 g/mol
MB = 18,01 g/mol
N = bilangan Avogadro = 6,02 x 1023
R = 8,3 x 107 erg/mol.K = 1,98 cal/mol.K
E = 20.000 cal/mol
6,675.10 8 + 2,649.10 8
k1 =
2
6,023.10 23
10 3
110
k = 6,02051 x 10 cm /mol.s
k1 = 6,02051 m3/kmol.s
k1 = k1 x / b
k1 = 3,3865 x 10-3 m6/kmol.kgcat.s
Reaksi 2 : C3H6
+ CH3CH(OH)CH3
(A)
: k = A e-E/RT
Laju reaksi
: -r = k2. CA. CC
2
1
1 E / RT
8.R.T .
M +M
.e
C
A
Diameter Partikel
A = 6,675 A
= 6,675.10-8 cm
C = 7,134 A
= 7,134.10-8 cm
C3H7OC3H7
(C)
Persamaan Arhenius
+ C N
k = A
3
2
10
k2
Berat Molekul
MA = 42,08 g/mol
MC = 60,09 g/mol
N = bilangan Avogadro = 6,02 x 1023
R = 8,3 x 107 erg/mol.K = 1,98 cal/mol.K = 8,314 J/mol.K
Menghitung nilai E
Hf 298 Propilen = 20,43 kJ/mol
Hf 298 IPA
E Propilen
= - 272,6 kJ/mol
= Hf 298 Propilen RT
111
= Hf 298 IPA RT
= - 272.600 J/mol (8,314 J/mol.K)(408 K)
= - 275.992,112 J/mol
- E = (EA + EB)/2
- E/RT
6,675.10 8 + 7,134.10 8
k2
=
2
-5
6,023 x10 23
10 3
1 38,17
1
8(3.14).(8,3 x 10 7 ).(408).
+
.e
42,08 60,09
k = 1,406 x 10 cm /mol.s
k2 = 1,406 x 10-8 m3/kmol.s
k2 = k2 x / b
k2 = 7,90875 x 10-12 m6/kmol.kgcat.s
2. Menentukan Ukuran Tube
dK / dT = 0,15 dimana dK = 0,125 cm
(J.M.Smith,
p.571)
Diameter tube terkecil harus memenuhi rasio diameter katalis terhadap diameter
tube dengan harga 0,15
DT = 0,125 / 0,15 = 0,8333 cm = 0,3281 in
BWG
OD
ID
a
112
=M/
Laju alir, M
= 16.318,7799 kg/jam
Densitas,
= 236,22 kg/m3
16.318,7799 kg / jam
= 69,0830 m3/jam
236,22 kg / m 3
C3H6
(A)
Reaksi 2 :
C3H6
k1
+ H2O
CH3CH(OH)CH3
(B)
(C)
+ CH3CH(OH)CH3
(A)
Diketahui :
= 800 kg / m3
NAo
NBo
NCo
NDo
k1
= 2,5085 m6/kmol.kgcat.s
k2
= 0,00077 m2
(C)
k2
C3H7OC3H7
(D)
113
= 162,9109 / 1200
NBo
= 488,7326 / 1200
NCo
= 0,2404 / 1200
NDo
= 0,0012 / 1200
LT
Nio
Ni,LT
L
Ni
Ni dNi
= k1 CA CB
r2
= k2 CA CC
Komponen A (Propilen)
Input Output + Generation = 0
NA - (NA + dNA) - A b r1 dL A b r2 dL = 0
NA NA dNA - A b r1 dL A b r2 dL = 0
dNA = - A b (r1 + r2 ) dL
dN A
= A b (r1 + r2 ) .
dL
(1)
114
Komponen B (Air)
NB (NB + dNB) - A b r1 dL = 0
NB NB - dNB - A b r1 dL
=0
dNB = - A b r1 dL
dN B
= A b r1 .
dL
(2)
Komponen C (IPA)
NC - (NC + dNC) + A b r1 dL - A b r2 dL
=0
NC NC dNC + A b r1 dL - A b r2 dL
=0
=0
dND = A b r2 dL
dN D
= A b r2 . (4)
dL
(M)
(KMOL/JAM)
(KMOL/JAM)
(KMOL/JAM)
115
C Y0(4) = ND0
(KMOL/JAM)
C -------------------------------------------------------DIMENSION Y0(20),X(20),Y(20,20)
REAL X0
EXTERNAL F
C BUKA FILE UNTUK OUTPUT
OPEN(UNIT=6,FILE ='REAKTOR.OUT',STATUS='NEW')
C INPUT HARGA AWAL X DAN HARGA AWAL Y
X0=0.0000
Y0(1)=0.1357591
Y0(2)=0.4072772
Y0(3)=0.0002003
Y0(4)=0.0000010
C INPUT INCREMENT SIZE
H=0.379
C INPUT JUMLAH TITIK
NPTS=20
C INPUT JUMLAH PERSAMAAN
NEQ=4
C PANGGIL SUBROUTINE KUTTA
CALL KUTTA (X0,Y0,H,NPTS,NEQ,X,Y,F)
C TULIS OUTPUT
WRITE(6,15)
15 FORMAT('
H
NA
NB
NC
WRITE (6,80)
80 FORMAT ( '
' )
DO 10 I=1,NPTS
WRITE(6,20)X(I),Y(1,I),Y(2,I),Y(3,I),Y(4,I)
20
FORMAT (F9.4,1X,F9.7,2X,F9.7,2X,F9.7,2X,F12.11)
10 CONTINUE
STOP
END
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
ND')
116
C
C
C
C
C
CC = KONSENTRASI C
(KMOL/M3)
CD = KONSENTRASI D
(KMOL/M3)
R1 = LAJU REAKSI 1
R2 = LAJU REAKSI 2
---------------------------------------------------------FUNCTION F(X1,YT,IEQ)
DIMENSION YT(20)
REAL X1
RHO =800
A=0.00077
XK1=3.3865E-3
XK2=7.90875E-12
Q=0.086354
CA=YT(1)/Q
CB=YT(2)/Q
CC=YT(3)/Q
CD=YT(4)/Q
R1=XK1*CA*CB
R2=XK2*CA*CC
IF (IEQ.EQ.1) THEN
F=-(R1+R2)*RHO*A
WRITE(*,*)IEQ,F
ENDIF
IF (IEQ.EQ.2) THEN
F=-RHO*A*R1
WRITE(*,*)IEQ,F
ENDIF
IF (IEQ.EQ.3) THEN
F=(R1-R2)*RHO*A
WRITE(*,*)IEQ,F
ENDIF
IF (IEQ.EQ.4) THEN
F=RHO*A*R2
WRITE(*,*)IEQ,F
ENDIF
RETURN
END
C --------------------------------------------------------C
SUBROUTINE KUTTA (X0,Y0,H,NPTS,NEQ,X,Y,F)
C
C
117
FOURTH ORDER.
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
118
6 S(J,4)=F(X(I)+H,YT4,J)
C
Output : (REAKTOR.OUT)
H
NA
NB
NC
ND
.0000
.3790
.7580
1.1370
1.5160
1.8950
2.2740
2.6530
3.0320
3.4110
3.7900
4.1690
4.5480
4.9270
5.3060
5.6850
6.0640
6.4430
6.8220
7.2010
.1357591
.1233753
.1124330
.1027137
.0940403
.0862681
.0792776
.0729691
.0672588
.0620759
.0573601
.0530594
.0491294
.0455313
.0422314
.0392003
.0364120
.0338436
.0314748
.0292878
.4072772
.3948934
.3839512
.3742318
.3655584
.3577862
.3507957
.3444872
.3387769
.3335940
.3288781
.3245775
.3206475
.3170494
.3137495
.3107184
.3079301
.3053617
.3029929
.3008059
.0002003
.0125841
.0235264
.0332457
.0419191
.0496913
.0566818
.0629903
.0687006
.0738835
.0785993
.0829000
.0868300
.0904281
.0937280
.0967591
.0995475
.1021159
.1044846
.1066716
.00000100000
.00000100000
.00000100000
.00000100000
.00000100001
.00000100001
.00000100001
.00000100001
.00000100002
.00000100002
.00000100002
.00000100002
.00000100003
.00000100003
.00000100003
.00000100003
.00000100003
.00000100004
.00000100004
.00000100004
0,1357591 - 0,0338436
x 100% = 75.07%
0,1357591
119
= 0,00496 m3
= 0,45
VTR = 7,1424 m3
Vk = (1 ). VTR
= (1 0,45). 7,1424 m3
Vk = 3,92832 m3
2. Menghitung Berat Katalis
Wk = k. Vk
k
= 800 kg/m3
120
Dari Tabel 12.4 Chemical Engineering (Coulson & Richardson) didapat nilai
K1 = 0,319
n1
= 2,142
3,14 DS
AS =
4
=
3,14 . (1,964) 2
4
= 3,0280 m2
Volume Shell, VS
VS = AS x L T
VS = 3,0280 m2 x 6,433 m
= 19,4791 m3
Total free volume, Vf
3,14 x d o 2
x L
Vf = VS - N T x
4
= 19,4791 m3 - 10,5712 m3
= 8,9079 m3
121
VHR = 2. . DS
24
3,14
. (1,964) 3 = 1,9823 m3
= 2.
24
P.r
+C
.SE 0,6 . P
Dimana
P
122
= 0,0874 m
dP
G
1
=
.
.
dL
. g c . d p 3
G =
G =
150.(1 ).
+ 1,75 . G
dp
WT
3600 . (a" . N T )
16318,7799 kg / jam
3600 s / jam. (0,00077 m 2 . 1440)
= 4,0882 kg/m2.s
dP
4,0882
=
dL
236,22 . 1 . 1,25.10 3
= 757,2 kg/m2.s2
= 757,2 Pa/m
P
= -dP/dL x L
= 0,7572 kPa/m
123