Problem 4

Determine the length of a flat-belt pulley drive having the following data: Diameter of first pulley=300
mm, diameter of second pulley=400 mm, center distance of the pulley shaft=10 meters.
Given: D1 - 300 mm
D2 - 400 mm
C - 10 m
Required: Length of flat belt
Solution:
L = 2C + 1.57 (D1+D2) + (D1-D2)2 / 4C
= 2 (10 m) + 1.57 (0.30m + 0.4 m) + (0.30m -
0.40 m ) 2 / 4 (10 m)
= 21.05 m

Problem 5
A corn sheller cylinder will be driven by 10 hp diesel engine thru a V-belt drive. The engine has a
speed of 1800 rpm while the required speed of the corn sheller is 650 rpm. The effective diameter of
the driver pulley is 12 inches. What should be the diameter of the driven pulley?
Given: Engine Power = 10 hp
Engine speed = 1800 rpm
Sheller speed = 650 rpm
Driver pulley diameter=12 inches
Required: Driven pulley diameter
Solution:
Nr Dr = Nn Dn
Dn = Nr Dr / Nn
= (1800 rpm) (12 in) / 650 rpm
= 33 in.

Problem 6
In the given problem in item above, what is the required length of V-belt if the center distance
between pulleys is 60 in.
Given: Dr = 12 in.
Dn = 33 in.
C = 60 in.
Required: Length of belts
Solutions: L = 2C + 1.57 (D1+D2) + (D1-D2)2 / 4C
= 2 (60 in.) + 1.57 (12 in.+33 in.) + (12 in. -
33 in.) 2 / 4 (60 in.)
= 192.5 in.

Problem 7
If the belt has a capacity rating of 4.5 hp per belt, approximately how many belts are recommended
for the drive?
Given: Design Power - 10 hp
Belt capacity - 4.5 hp per belt
Required: Number of belts
Solution: Nb = Pd / Cb
= 10 hp / 4.5 hp per belt
= 2.2 belts use 3 belts
Problem 8
What is the recommended shaft diameter for the drive in item above? Assume a design stress of
6000 psi.
Given: Design power - 10 hp
Shaft rpm - 1800 rpm
Design stress - 6000 psi
Required: Shaft diameter
Solution: T = 63025 (Pd) / N
= 63025 (10 hp) / 1800 rpm
= 350 in-lb
D = [16 T /  Sd ] 1/3
= [16 (350 in-lb) /  (6000 psi) ] 1/3
= 0.66 in.
Problem 9
What is the force required to pull a single moldboard plow on a clay loam soil having a width and
depth of cut of 30 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Soil draft is 8 psi.
Given: Width of cut - 30 cm
Depth of cut - 15 cm
Soil draft - 8 psi
Required: Force to pull the plow
Solution: F = A Ds
= (30 cm) (15 cm) (8 psi x in/2.54 cm x kg/2.2 lb)
= 253 kg

Problem 10
If the plow above has an average speed of 5 km/hr, what is the drawbar horsepower of the plow.
Given: Force to pull the plow - 253 kg
Velocity of the plow - 5 kph
Required: Drawbar horsepower
Solution: DHP = F V
= 253 kg (5 kph x 1000m/km x hr/3600s)
= 4.6 hp

Problem 11
A rotary tiller has 2 m operating width. If the tractor runs at a speed of 2 km/hr, what is the theoretical
field capacity of the machine?
Given: Operating width -2m
Operating speed - 2 kph
Required: Theoretical field capacity
Solution: TFC = 0.1 W V
= 0.1 ( 2 m) ( 2 kph)
= 0.04 ha/hr

Problem 12
The field capacity of the rotary tiller was measured at 0.23 ha/hr. If the operating width and speed of
the machines are 1.5 m. and 2 kph, respectively, what is the field efficiency of the tiller?
Given: Actual field capacity - 0.23 ha/hr
Operating width - 1.5 m
Operating speed - 2 kph
Required: Field efficiency
Solution: Ef = AFC x 100 / TFC
TFC = 0.1 (1.5 m ) ( 2 kph)
= 0.3 ha/hr
Ef = 0.23 ha/hr (100) / 0.3 ha/hr
= 77%

Problem 13
What is the effective field capacity of the rotary tiller tilling theoretically at 0.4 ha/hr with a field
efficiency of 85%?
Given: Theoretical field capacity - 0.4 ha/hr
Field efficiency - 85%5
Required: Effective field capacity
Solution: EFC = Ef (TFC)
= 0.85 (0.4 ha/hr)
= 0.34 ha/hr

Problem 14
What is the effective field capacity of 2 moldboard plows having 25 cm width, each plowing at a
speed of 7 km/hr? The field efficiency is 80%.
Given: Number of plows -2
Plowing speed - 7 kph
Field efficiency - 80%
Required: Effective field capacity
Solution: EFC = Np W Ef
= 2 (0.25 m) (7 kph) (0.8)
= 0.28 ha/hr
 Agricultural Engineering-Farm machinery Review Guide
(Prepared by: Engr. Paterno C. Borlagdan – RPAE 0003253)

Basics review….

Length: meter (m), centimeter (cm), millimeter (mm), inches (in.), feet (ft), yards (yd), etc.
Time: hour (h), minute (min.), second (s) is the SI unit of time
Mass – refers to the quantity of matter that is in a body or substance. It is measured in kilograms (kg).
Mass should not be confused with weight. Weight of a body is the force exerted on it by gravity. Thus
force = mass x acceleration due to gravity (F = ma).

Degrees Celsius (0C) is the most familiar unit of temperature in the SI system, but it cannot be used in
thermodynamic calculations. Instead the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin ( 0K) is used.
Degrees Celsius can be converted into degrees Kelvin with the following formula:
0
K = 0C + 273

Force is a derived quantity in the SI system of units. The derivation used Newton’s Second Law. One
unit of force is required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at one meter per second per second
thus 1 unit force = [(1 kg x m)/s]/s = kg*m/s2. And this unit of force is given the name Newton ( 1
Newton = (1 kg x 1 m)/ s2 .

Work – is accomplished when a force acts through a distance. Then the derived unit of work is
Newton*meter and this is called joule (J)

Energy – is a capacity for doing work. It has the same unit as work. (Newton*meter).

Power = the rate of doing work.

= (Force x distance)/time = kW or Horsepower

Sources of farm power:

Human, animal, machines, natural resources (wind, water, solar radiation, fuels).

Power transmission elements

1. Horsepower rating for V-belts

HP = XS0.91 – (YS/de) – ZS3

Where: X, Y, and Z are factors per belt cross section classification
S = belt speed in thousands of feet per minute.
de = equivalent diameter of small sheave computed as:
sheave diameter ratio x small diameter factor.

2. Horsepower load of V-belts: Hp = S(T1 – T2)

33,000
Where: Hp = horsepower load
T1 = tight-side tension, lb
T2 = slack-side tension, lb
S = belt speed, fpm = (pitch diameter of wheel, in.)(rpm)/ 3.82
 3. Pitch length of V-belts:

L = 2C + 1.57(D + d) + (D-d)/4C

Where: L = pitch length of belt, in inches

C = center distance, in inches
D = pitch diameter of large sheave, in inches
d = small diameter of small sheave, in inches

4. From formula 2, the center to center distance could be derived as:

C = b + (b2 – 32(D – d)2)1/2

16
Where:
b = 4L – 6.28(D + d)
D = pitch diameter of large sheave, in inches
d = pitch diameter of small sheave, in inches
C = center to center distance of the sheaves, in inches

5. Roller chains: Length in pitches.

L = (N1 + N2) + 2C + P(N1- N2)2

2 P 39.5C
Where:
L = length of chain, pitches C = center distance, inches
N = number of sprocket teeth P = pitch, inch(es)

The ideal gas law:

pV = mRT where: p = absolute pressure of the gas, in kPa

V = volume of the gas, in m3
m = mass of the gas, in kg
R = specific gas constant, in kL/kg0K
T = absolute temperature of the gas, in 0K

Pl = FS/3.6 where: Pl = linear power in kW

F = force in kN
S = speed in km/h

Pb = 2p(T)(N)/60,000
Where: Pb = brake power in kW
T = torque in N.m
N = rotational speed in rev/min

Pfe = (HV)(Mf)/3600
Where: Pfe = fuel equivalent power in kW
HV = fuel heating value in kJ/kg
Mf = fuel consumption in kg/h
 FARM MACHINERY
AND MECHANIZATION

FARM POWER
AND ENERGY

FARM
ECONOMICS

FARM
MANAGEMENT

RURAL
ELECTRIFICATION

ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS

REFRIGERATION &
AIR-CONDITIONING

CROP PROCESSING

RICE POST
PROD’N PROCESSING

CORN POST
PROD’N PROCESSING

FARM
STRUCTURES

ENGINEERING
SHOP

AE LAWS
SPECS. & ETHICS

FARM IRRIGATION
& DRAINAGE

SWCE

MATH
BASIC STAT.

AGRONOMY

AN. SCI.

AGRIC’L MKTG.