დიპტიხი და დიასპორა

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mitropoliti anania jafariZe
Tbilisi 2009
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avtokefaluri eklesiis adgili diptixSi (diptiqSi) gamox-
atavs sulier da kanonikur mTlianobas adgilobriv marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa Soris. is asaxavs aseve saeklesio Rirsebas.
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia msoflios pirvel eklesiaTa
Soris moixseneba, radganac daarsebulia TviT mociqulebis mier.
mas eWira kidec sapatio adgili msoflio eklesiaTa Soris, ma-
gram ruseTis saimperatoro karis mier Cveni eklesiis avtoke-
faliis gauqmebam misi adgili msoflio marTlmdidebel ekle-
siaTa Soris jerjerobiT gadauWrel sakiTxad aqcia.
wignSi motanilia mravali wyaros monacemi da aseve uxvi
dokumrnturi masala uZvelesi xanidanve saqarTvelos eklesi-
is adgilis Sesaxeb msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris.
amJamad saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali wevri cxovrobs ucx-
oeTSi. viTarca keTili mwyemsi movalea moiZios erTaderTi
dakarguli cxovari da daubrunos Tavis samwysos, msgavsadve,
saqarTvelos eklesiis mamebi movaleni arian mixedon ucxoeT-
Si qarTul diasporas, raTa maT SeinarCunon wmida marTlma-
didebeli sarwmunoeba, erovnuli identoba da kvlav darCnen
wevrebad saqarTvelos wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa.
wignSi ganxilulia diasporas mimarT saerTaSoriso saek-
lesio kanonebi da Sesabamisi sakiTxebi.
redaqtori Tamar revaziSvili
mitropoliti anania jafariZe
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diptixis Sesaxeb
diptixi aris marTlmadidebelTa RvTismsaxurebis
dros adgilobriv eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxsenebis rig-
iToba, anu msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa meTau-
rebis moxsenebis rigi. is warmoadgens gamoxatvas
sulieri da kanonikuri erTobisa adgilobriv marTl-
madidebel eklesiaTa Soris. marTalia, msoflio mar-
Tlmadidebel eklesias ar gaaCnia erTiani administraci-
uli centri, magram yoveli damoukidebeli, avtoke-
faluri adgilobrivi eklesiis meTauri da misi diakoni
RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenebs sxva adgilobrivi ek-
lesiebis meTaurebs, amiT is gamoxatavs, rom yvela mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesia, erovnebisagan damoukideblad,
Seadgens erT, wmida, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesias.
yvela adgilobrivi eklesia erTmaneTis mimarT Tana-
baria da Tanaswori. ar arsebobs pirvelxarisxovani da
meorexarisxovani, upiratesi da umciresi eklesia.
mravalricxovneba, an teritoriis sidide ar aniWebs up-
iratesobas romelime eklesias meore mcire eklesiis
winaSe. mamaTa kanonebis Tanaxmad, yoveli eklesiis
Tavisufleba mopovebulia ufal ieso qristes sisxliT.
III msoflio kreba me-8 kanonSi werda, rom yoveli ek-
lesiis damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba `TvisiTa sisx-
liTa moguaniWa Cuen ufalman Cuenman iesu qristeman, gan-
maTavisuflebelman yovelTa kacTaman~ (didi sjulis kano-
ni, 1975, gv. 267). RvTis sityvis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesia-
Si ar aris arc elini, arc iudeveli, arc barbarosi, arc
skviTi. mociqulTa 34-e kanoni yvela eTnikuri olqis
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eklesias TavisTavadobas aniWebs. is ar aZlevs romelime
eklesias upiratesobas, amitomac Tanamedrove diptixSi
eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxseniebis dros, erTi eklesiis
meTauris sxva eklesiis meTauris win Tu ukan dayeneba,
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT erTisaTvis ùpiratesobis~
miniWeba meoresTan SedarebiT, ar Seesabameba qristiano-
bis arss, Tumca Tavisi tradicia aqvs. istoria naTely-
ofs da mociqulTa 34-e kanoni uCvenebs, rom im diptixis
winasaxe, romelsac Cven dResdReobiT viyenebT, Camoy-
alibda qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiare-
bis Semdeg da ar arsebobda qristianobis pirvel sauku-
neebSi (imperatorTa gaqristianebamde). diptixi arsebob-
da mxolod aRmosavleT romis imperiis SigniT myofi
eklesiebis saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi bizantiur eklesiaSi
ixmareboda. bizantiis gareT, dasavleT romis imperiis
eklesiaSi ki RvTismsaxurebis dros ar ixmareboda dip-
tixi. iberiis saxelmwifo arsebobda bizantiisagan
damoukideblad, amitom qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis
meTauri bizantiur diptixebSi Setanili ar yofila. dip-
tixi sWirdebodaT bizantiis imperiis SigniT, imperiaSi
Semaval eklesiebs TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi iyo
gansazRvruli wesrigi kaTedrebis meTaurebis rangebis
mixedviT ganawilebisas. diptixi sazRvravda bizantiis
saxelmwifoSi eklesiaTa Soris urTierT damokidebule-
bas. diptixis Seqmna moiTxova imperiis erTianobisa da
dauSlelobis saWiroebam, raTa imperiis farglebSi myof
erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel eklesiaTa Soris, aseve
episkoposTa Soris ar dawyebuliyo dausrulebeli ka-
maTi, winaaRmdegoba eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa Rirsebisa
da pativis xarisxis gansazRvrisas. diptixis Seqmnis Sem-
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degac ki erTi eklesiis, an kaTedris meTauris mier me-
oris dawyevlis an anaTemaze gadacemis dros erTi ek-
lesia meore eklesias amoSlida xolme Tavisi diptixi-
dan. imperiaSi moTavsebul avtokefalur eklesiaTa da
kaTedraTa meTaurebs saxelmwifoSi eWiraT didi admin-
istraciuli Tanamdebobebi. diptixis Seqmna upirvele-
sad am eklesiaTa surviliT iyo gamowveuli, raTa gane-
sazRvraT pativis xarisxi eklesiaTa meTaur mRvdelmTa-
varTa Soris, Tu romeli eklesiis meTauri, anu saxelm-
wifos moxele idga pativiT sxva mRvdelmTavar-moxeleze
maRla. amitomac, radganac iberiis eklesiis meTauri ar
iyo da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo bizantiis saxelmwifos
moxele. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, iberiis eklesiis me-
Tauris imperiaSi Semaval sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan pa-
tivis gansazRvris araviTari saWiroeba ar arsebobda.
amitomac iberiis eklesia bizantiur diptixSi ar Sedioda.
uZveles dros sxvadasxva eklesiebs sxvadasxva dip-
tixebi hqondaT. diptixis Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yura-
dReba mieqca IV saukunis Semdeg konstantinopolis
episkoposis adgilis gansazRvrisas. trulis krebaze gan-
isazRvra ukve V-VI saukuneebSi arsebuli urTierTdamok-
idebuleba imperiis eklesiaTa Soris _ pirveli iyo
romis saydari, meore _ kostantinopolisa, mesame _
aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa, mexuTe _ ierusal-
imisa (didi sjulis kanoni, 1975 w., gv. 386). am xuTi patriar-
qisagan damoukidebeli iyo kviprosis eklesia.
pirvel aTaswleulSi, saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, ro-
mis papi yovelTvis pirveli iyo yvela mRvdelmTavarTa
Soris (igulisxmeba VI s-dan). qalkedonis krebis 28-e kano-
nis Tanaxmad, konstantinopolis episkoposs meore adg-
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ili mieniWa romis papis Semdeg, rac gaimeora trulis
krebam 36-e kanonSi (iqve, gv. 386). qarTuli eklesiis dip-
tixi eyrdnoboda msoflio krebaTa kanonebs, amitomac
pirvel adgilze romis saydars ayenebda XIII saukunemdec
ki, Tumca, cxadia, marTlmadideblobis centrad `berZnul~
eklesias Tvlida (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 86).
VI-VII saukuneebSi diptixebi iqcnen oficialur do-
kumentebad romis imperiis mTavari qalaqebis episkopos-
Ta Soris upiratesobis gansazRvrisas. iberiis avtoke-
faluri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semavali qalaqebi ar
Sediodnen imperiaSi, amitomac iberiis qalaqTa episko-
posebi ar iyvnen diptixSi Seyvanilni VII saukunemde. VII
saukunis dasawyisSi herakle keisarma qvemo iberiis, anu
dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira miwebi CamoarTva
iberiis saxelmwifos da SeuerTa bizantiis imperias. amis
Semdeg VII saukuneSi saqarTvelos dapyrobili SavizRvispira
qalaqebis fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi Seyvanil
iqnen bizantiur diptixSi. V trulis krebis kanonebs xels
aweren fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi _ `Teodore
uRirsman episkoposman fasoisaman sofelsa Sina megrel-
Tasa ganvasazRvren da warvweren~... (didi sjuliskanoni,
gv. 407) aseve xels awers _ ìoane uRirsman episkoposman
qalaqisa petronisaman queyanasagan megrelTaisa gan-
vasazRvre da warvwere~ (iqve, gv. 418).
mTawmideli mamebi da Zveli qarTveli saeklesio is-
torikosebi `samegrelos~ uwodebdnen im vrcel qarTul
miwa-wyals, romelic trapezuntis regionSi mdebareob-
da, mas erqva aseve `sofeli megrelTa~, sadac Tavdapirve-
lad iqadaga andria pirvelwodebulma. am regionSi mde-
bareobda fasisisa da petronis kaTedrebi.
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aRsaniSnavia, rom trulis krebis kanonebs xels ar
awers, amJamad imperiis sazRvrebs gareT mdebare iberi-
is dedaqalaqis episkoposi da arc iberiis eklesiis war-
momadgeneli, xolo iberiis is aRniSnuli qalaqebis
episkoposebi ki, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi Sediod-
nen, am krebis kanonebs xels aweren.
ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi
weren _ lazikis eparqiaSi Semavali trapezuntTan mde-
bare fasisisa samitropolitos konstantinopolis sapa-
triarqos diptixSi eWira 27-e adgili, xolo trulis
krebas lazebis qveynidan (e.i. qvemo iberiidan) eswre-
bodnen Teodore faziseli da ioane petronis episkopo-
sio (mitropoliti maqsime, qarTuli eklesia..., gv. 47-48).
aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom diptixSi Setanili iyo bi-
zantiis qarTuli qalaqebis episkoposebi, xolo bizanti-
is gareT myofi qarTuli qalaqebis episkoposebi ki _
ara. e.i. amJamad, diptixi bizantiuri saxelmwifos saWiroe-
bisTvisaa Sedgenili, amitomac iberiis avtokefaluri ek-
lesiis warmomadgenelTa mouxsenebloba Zvel diptixSi
imis niSani ki araa, rom aseTi avtokefaluri eklesia ar
arsebobda, aramed piriqiT, arsebobda da ar eqvemde-
bareboda imperiaSi Semaval sapatriarqoebs.
aRmosavluri (bizantiuri) diptixis xelaxali gax-
senebaa parizis kodeqsi XV saukunisa, sadac ixsenieba
msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, aleqsandrie-
li, antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi, diptixis
sakiTxis mkvlevarTa mier, am kodeqsze ufro mniSvnelo-
vanad miiCneva, XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Semdgari e.w.
`msoflio~ saeklesio (ferara-florenciis) krebaze da-
culi diptixi, radganac am krebas eswrebodnen msoflios
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xuTive sapatriarqosa da im dros arsebuli yvela av-
tokefaluri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. am krebis oqmebs
patriarqebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma xeli moaweres.
marTalia, es kreba arakanonikuri iyo da mis oqmebs
iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma xeli ar moawera. am
`msoflio~ krebaze daculi iyo wina msoflio krebaTa
kanonebi eklesiaTa ganlagebis Sesaxeb. XV saukunis am
krebis diptixi aseTi iyo: _ romis eklesia, konstanti-
nopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, aleqsandriis, antioqi-
is, ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi, ierusalimis Semdeg VI
adgilze idga iberiis eklesia. aqedan Cans, rom Zvel
diptixSi iberiis eklesias eWira VI adgili, magram ase-
Ti saxis diptixi mxolod mTeli msoflios eklesias
Seexeboda. konstantinopolis da bizantiur diptixebSi
XVI saukunemde Setanis ufleba mxolod oTxi aRmosav-
leli patriarqis privilegia iyo (
, 1981). marTa-
lia, XVI saukuneSi ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Sem-
deg moskovis patriarqs neba mieca diptixSi da TaTbi-
rebze mdgariyo ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, ma-
gram maleve, roca ruseTSi daarsda wmida sinodis
mmarTveloba, yvela aRmosavleTis sapatriarqos dip-
tixebSi mxolod oTxi aRmosavleTis patriarqi moixsene-
boda ( -
, 1982).
bizantiur (aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebis) diptixeb-
Si Setanili ar iyo bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi, roca
mas 1234 wels konstantinopolma patriarqis tituli mi-
aniWa, diptixSi ar iyvnen Setanilni, agreTve, avteke-
faluri arqiepiskoposebi arqidisa, kviprosisa, iberi-
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isa (ori _ iberiaSi `zemo~ da `qvemo~) da pekiisa (1693
wlis aprilSi msoflio patriarqi kalinikos II werda:

. ,
. . , , (
: ) ,

...
, ,
(
, 1981, .7). rogorc aRniSnu-
li iyo, ucxoelebi `zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~
uwodebdnen qarTlis sakaTalikosos, xolo `qvemo iberi-
is saarqiepiskoposos~ - afxazeTis sakaTalikosos).
XIX saukunis Sua wlebamde wmida diptixSi ixseniebo-
da mxolod aRmosavleTis oTxi patriarqi, mxolod am
saukuneSi da Semdgom axali avtokefaluri eklesiebis
(eladis, serbeTis, rumineTis, poloneTis da albaneTis)
daarsebis Semdeg msoflio konstantinopolis patriarqma
isini daavaldebula, diptixSi moexseniebinaT oTxi pa-
triarqis garda sxva episkoposebi da eklesiebi.
statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis
wignidan _ `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~,
1998, t. II, gv. 232
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saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili
marTlmadideblur diptixSi
X da XI saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelo gaerTianda,
risTvisac saukuneTa manZilze iRwvoda iberiis eklesia.
sxvadasxva qarTuli politikuri erTeulebis gaer-
Tianebam erTian mZlavr saxelmwifod gamoiwvia
saqarTvelos hegemonoba mTel kavkasiaSi. aRmosavle-
Tis eklesia gansakuTrebiT savaldebulod xdida samo-
qalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRebas saeklesioSi, ase rom,
yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi unda
mohyoloda saeklesioSi. amitomac, saxelmwifos gaer-
Tianebam Seqmna safuZveli, raTa aRdgeniliyo mTliano-
ba saqarTvelos eklesiisa, asuliyo axal simaRleze. aqam-
de afxazeTis samefoSi arsebobda qarTulenovani saek-
lesio erTeuli àfxazeTis sakaTalikoso~. qarTlis
samefoSi ki _ `qarTlis sakaTalikoso~. samefoTa gaer-
Tianebis Semdeg erT sapatriarqoSi gaerTianda eklesie-
bic da erTian qarTul saxelmwifoSi warmoiqmna erTiani
eklesia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxelwodebiT.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, garda afxazeTisa da qarT-
lis sakaTalikosoebisa, Seicavda agreTve saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi Semaval Crdilo kavkasi-
is qristianebs, agreTve somxeTisa da yofili albaneTis
marTlmadidebel mosaxleobas. Crdilo kavkasiis qris-
tianebi uSualod saqarTvelos patriarqs eqvemdebare-
bodnen, rasac mowmobs epigrafikuli masala, xolo XV
saukunisaTvis Crdilo kavkasiis aRmosavleTiT Seqmni-
li iyo xunZeTis sakaTalikoso, romelic iberiis sapa-
triarqoSi Sedioda. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sevi-
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da somxeTis qarTuli samitropolito, romelic isto-
riuli saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mdebareobda _
somxeTis (anisis) yofil samefoSi. saqarTvelos sapatri-
arqos Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebulan,
isini arsebobas ganagrZobdnen ise, rogorc bizantiur
sapatriarqoSi arsebobdnen samitropolitoebi. rogorc
wesi, patriarqi imave dros mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTa-
likosic iyo, mas sveticxovlis patriarqic ewodeboda
sasaydro taZris mixedviT.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kavkasiis masStabiT Zalze
didi eklesia iyo. is moicavda ara marto kavkasiis mar-
Tlmadideblobas, aramed Zalze scildeboda kavkasiis
sazRvrebs CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebiT.
samxreTiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos esazRvreboda
vanis tba da teritoriebi, romelic daviT kurapalatma
Seiyvana qarTvelTa samefoSi.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoSobamde ar arse-
bobda qarTuli eklesiis meTauris Rirsebis bizantiel
ierarqebis RirsebasTan Sedarebis saWiroeba, amitomac,
albaT, qarTul eklesiaSi diptixi ar gamoiyeneboda.
viTareba Seicvala sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg. axalma
mdgomareobam warmoSva sakiTxi, Tu patriarqTa rigSi
romel adgilze unda daeyenebinaT, anda romeli patri-
arqis Semdeg unda exsenebinaT axali patriarqi _ qarTu-
li eklesiis meTauri. marTalia, im dros zogierT ara-
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis meTaurs hqonda patriar-
qis tituli, magram msoflio marTlmadideblur ekle-
siaSi mxolod xuTi patriarqi ixsenieboda, rasac msof-
lio saeklesio krebebic adasturebda. im dros gadaxedes
arsebul patriarqebis rigs da daadgines, rom axali
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qarTveli patriarqi iyo meeqvse patriarqi _ romis pa-
pis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ieru-
salimis patriarqebis Semdeg. ase Sedga qarTuli eklesiis
diptixi. qarTuli eklesiis diptixi ukve arsebobda saek-
lesio gayofamde romsa da konstantinopols Soris, da
amitomac am ganyofamde ukve arsebuli qarTuli diptixi
saukuneebis manZilze ucvlelad gadadioda sabuTidan
sabuTSi. XIII saukunis dokumentSic aseTi diptixia dacu-
li: `...Cuenca, glaxaki, qristes mier, Semdgomad xuTTa
patriarqTa da upirveles maTsa... suetiscxovlis meequsi-
sa patriarqis da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTa-
likozi nikoloz vamtkiceb da warvswer~... (q.s.Z., II, gv. 66).
aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs diptix-
is patriarqTa rigSi VI adgili uWiravs, magram mas
Tavisi Rirseba arc erTi patriarqis Rirsebaze nakle-
bad ar miaCnia.
diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs VI adgilze XI saukunis
dasawyisSive rom ayenebdnen, es Semdegidan Cans: saqarTve-
los sapatriarqo Seiqmna msoflio qristianobis kaTo-
likebad da marTlmadideblebad gayofamde, rac 1054 wels
moxda. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia marad marTlmadide-
belTa didi ojaxis wevri iyo, amitomac gayofis Semdgom
Sedgenil qarTul sabuTebSi romis papi aRar ixseniebo-
da marTlmadideblobasTan da marTlmadidebel patri-
arqebTan kavSirSi. qarTuli eklesiis Zvel diptixSi
romis papis sxva aRmosavleli patriarqebis gverdiT
dayeneba miuTiTebs imaze, rom qarTuli eklesiis dip-
tixi Sedgenilia saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde, xolo
Semdgomi saukuneebis sabuTebSi diptixis Seucvlelad
gadatana miuTiTebs saeklesio tradiciulobaze, romelic
14
gansakuTrebiT iyo daculi qarTul eklesiaSi. garda
amisa, qarTuli eklesia mudamJams erTguli iyo saekle-
sio krebaTa kanonebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki qalkedonis
krebisa, qalkedonis krebam ki Tavis 28-e kanonSi daadg-
ina, rom konstantinopolis patriarqi unda mdgariyo
ara pirvel adgilze, aramed meoreze. pirveli adgili
romis patriarqs unda daekavebina. konstantinopoli `me-
ore iyo Semdgomad missa~... (didi sjulis kanoni, gv. 275).
igive daadastura iustinianem Tavis 131-e novelaSi, ker-
Zod, `saeklesio kanonebis gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, uw-
midesi papi Zveli romisa iyo pirveli yvela mRvdelmTa-
varTa Soris. axali romisas ki eqneba meore adgili Zve-
li romis wmida samociqulo saydris Semdeg, magram adg-
ils daiWers sxva saydrebis maRla~ (saqarTvelo evropis
arqivebsa da wignsacavebSi, I, 1984 w., gv. 280). trulis saekle-
sio krebis 36-e kanonmac gaimeora Zveli kanonebi da sap-
atriarqoTa adgilebi ase gansazRvra _ `...ganvasazRvrebT,
raiTa saydarsa konstantinepolisasa swori pativi aqundes
hromisa saydrisa da viTarca igi gandidnebis saekle-
sioTa Sina saqmeTa, meore iyos ese Semdgomad missa,
romlisa Semdgomad iyavn aleqsandrielTa didisa qala-
qisa da Semdgomad missa ierusalemelTa qalaqisa~ (didi
sjulis janoni, 1975 w., gv. 386). trulis krebam, gaimeora
ra konstantinopolis saydarTan dakavSirebiT II msof-
lio krebis me-3 kanoni da 28-e kanoni IV msoflio krebi-
sa, gansazRvra, rom pirveli yofiliyo romis saydari,
meore _ konstantinopolisa, mesame _ aleqsandriisa,
meoTxe _ antioqiisa da mexuTe _ ierusalimisa.
mcxeTis (saqarTvelos) sapatriarqo saydari dadga
ierusalimis saydris Semdeg, radganac qarTuli diptix-
15
is Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqna II msoflio krebis
me-3, qalkedonis 28-e, trulis 36-e kanonebi da miiRo ase-
Ti saxe:
1. romis saydari; 2. konstantinopolis saydari; 3.
aleqsandriis saydari; 4. antioqiis saydari; 5. ierusal-
imis saydari; 6. mcxeTis (sveticxovlis) saydari.
qarTuli diptixis mixedviT, saqarTvelos eklesiis
meTaurs sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebis meTaurTa rigSi
eWira me-6 adgili.
qarTuli eklesiis meTauris me-6 adgilze moxseniebas
qarTul eklesiaSi saukuneebis manZilze hqonda istori-
ul-tradiciuli mniSvneloba da iseve Seucvlelad iTv-
leboda, rogorc saeklesio krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi.
diptixis zemoT moyvanili saxe miuTiTebs imaze, rom
is Sedgenilia saeklesio ganyofamde.
VI-VII saukuneebis Semdeg, bizantiis imperiaSi gaba-
tonebuli iyo `pentarxiis Teoria~, msoflioSi xuTi av-
tokefaluri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove
rusi kanonistebis (saeklesio kanonebis mcodneTa) gan-
martebiT, es Teoria iyo gamonagoni bizantiis saimpera-
toro da sapatriarqo karisa. TviT imperiaSive arse-
bobda meeqvse avtokefaluri eklesia kviprosisa, xolo
iustinianem daaarsa axali avtokefaluri eklesia `pirve-
li iustinianes~ saxelwodebiT, imperiis gareT ZvelTa-
ganve iberiis (saqarTvelos) avtokefaluri eklesia ar-
sebobda, miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi da
maT Soris saqarTveloSic, icnobdnen pentarxiis Teor-
ias da masSi koreqtivebic SehqondaT.
saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad,
xuTi msoflio patriarqis Semdgom idga saqarTvelos,
16
anu mcxeTis kaTalikos-patriarqi. saqarTvelos sapatri-
arqos daarsebidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1057 wels mefe
bagrat IV-is Sewirulebis sigels SiomRvimisadmi aqvs
qarTuli eklesiis meTauris minaweri, romlis Tanaxma-
dac is dgas meeqvse adgilze msoflios xuTi patriarqis
Semdeg. vinc es sigeli daarRvioso, wers is _ `...krulmca
ars... xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa... da Cem glaxakisaca
juariTa~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 28).
1245-1250 wlebis dawerils SiomRvimisadmi aqvs minaw-
eri: `...xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa, wmidisa samociqu-
loisa kaTolike eklesiisa madliTa da raodenni mas
Sina wmidani qarTlisa kaTalikozni sxdomil arian da
dasxdebian maT yovelTa juariTa~ (iqve, gv. 40-41). wmida
kaTolike samociqulo eklesia iyo qarTuli eklesiis
saxelwodeba da yovelTvis am formuliT moixseniebo-
da is. es sigelic xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo saydris
Semdeg qarTul eklesias asaxelebs (iqve, gv. 66).
1259 wlis Sewirulebis dawerils rkonis monastrisad-
mi amtkicebs saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri _ `...Cuenca,
Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa... meequsisa patriarqis...
vamtkiceb~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 66).
zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom ukve XI saukuneSive,
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CamoyalibebisTanave,
saqarTvelos patriarqs marTlmadideblur diptixSi
eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi patriarqis Semdeg.
1998, t. II, gv. 237
17
saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili msoflio diptixSi
qarTuli eklesiis sakuTar diptixSi qarTvel patri-
arqs eWira me-6 adgili, magram cnobdnen Tu ara amas msof-
lios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen Tu ara isini
qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? Cven
dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi,
ise aRmosavleTis oTxi patriarqi cnobda iberiis ekle-
sias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg.
amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis
diptixi. am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili
romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da
ierusalimis saydrebis Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo
da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze, ise
rogorc e.w. `XII msoflio~ krebaze, sagangebo yuradRe-
ba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom florenciis krebam 1438
wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `konstantinopo-
lis patriarqi iqneba meore wmida romis papis Semdeg
aleqsandrieli mesame, Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mex-
uTe _ ierusalimeli~... (a. kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, 1963
w., gv. 425). marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti,
Tu rogor unda ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, rad-
ganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis sakiTxs, aramed sxva
sakiTxs, magram saerTod eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adgileb-
is ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, ze-
moT moyvanili dadgenilebidanac Cans.
qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am
krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals ferara-
Si gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagrZelebul `msoflio~
18
saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sexvdnen aRmosavle-
Tisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqteb-
sac aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, _
`Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberiis mitropoliti~ (i.
tabaRua, saq. evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, t. I, gv. 101).
ìberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mx-
ares mexuTe adgilze konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,
antioqiisa da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg. _
`pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savar-
Zeli... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni
iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli menzi-
is arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli
iberiis mitropoliti~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis
wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, w. I, gv. 101-102).
krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT:
centridan Tanabar manZilze idga ori taxti _ romis im-
peratorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. sasuliero pirebi
ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares
isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxd-
nen marTlmadidebelTa warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis sain-
tereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi saxisaa:
marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga:
1. konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriar-
qi am sxdomas ar eswreboda);
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen:
2. aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ ar-
qiepiskoposi;
3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ arqiepiskoposi;
4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ ar-
qiepiskoposi;
19
5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia _ `mefis~) warmo-
madgeneli mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT
isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebi.
`nawyveti florenciis wmida msoflio saeklesio kre-
bis oqmidan... sasuliero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb... pirve-
li kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli (pa-
triarqi, SeuZlod yofnis gamo, im dRes krebas ver eswre-
boda)... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen
_ herakliis arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis pa-
triarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava;
antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _ efesiis ar-
qiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili _
meneziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgene-
li _ iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen trape-
zuntis, rizes, nikeis... arqiepiskoposebi... mitropolite-
bi... berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~ (iqve, gv. 214).
florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomad-
geneli sasuliero pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixed-
viT, aramed saero pirebic aseve (wesis mixedviT) isxdnen.
ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebidan
Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meeqvse adgili msoflio
eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo V adgili marTlmadidebelTa
rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis,
aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva
aRmosavleTis patriarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxveva-
Si iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovan kreba-
ze, romelic msoflio eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda
miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTis qristianebi erTmaneT-
Tan uTanxmoebaSi ar Sevidodnen iberiis eklesiis adgi-
lis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis adgili diptixSi ZvelT-
20
aganve cnobili iyo, amitomac man am `msoflio~ krebaze
yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daikava.
XV saukunis pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi fe-
rara-florenciis krebaze, aseTia:
1. romis papi;
2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi;
3. aleqsandriis;
4. antioqiis;
5. ierusalimis;
6. iberiis;
7. trapezuntis;
8. rizes;
9. nikeis;
10. lakedemoniis;
11. nikomediis;
12. trivoniis;
13. amasiis;
14. mitilenis;
15. tolozinos;
16. stavropolis;
17. tustricis;
18. garinis;
19. melentinis;
20. aqilis;
21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi (i.
tabaRua _ saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, w.
I, gv. 214-215).
marTalia, am krebaze ase isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi,
magram maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad miiCneoda mxolod
xuTi eklesia: konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antio-
21
qiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitomac am avtokefalur
eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT gan-
sakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis
monawileTa pirvel rigSi, xolo iberiis mefis elCi,
romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris mandati hqon-
da, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda (iqve, gv. 215).
aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. marTl-
madidebluri diptixidan ki amoiRes romis papis moxse-
nieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTu-
li eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul meeqvse adgilze.
kerZod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavi-
da romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili war-
moSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, ma-
gram male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam
msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadaw-
yvetilebiT, rac cno qarTulma eklesiam.
`konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-
1460) sxva aRmosavlel patriarqebTan erTad cno rusu-
li eklesiis damoukidebeli arseboba da gansazRvra CaTv-
liliyo avtokefaluri rusuli mitropolia Tavisi
RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, e.i. mexuTe
adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa di ptixSi~
( , 1985).
aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis
patriarqis Semdeg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man Tavisi tradi-
ciuli meeqvse adgili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).
1589 wels ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg
misma patriarqma diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca
didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra moskovis sapatriarqos
mdgomareoba, mas gamoeyo ufro maRali adgili, vidre
22
maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefalur da TviT-
mmarTvel eklesiebisa _ axridiisas, kviprosisas, iveri-
isas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis patriarqis
Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mxolod
ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT,
rom krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmi-
da mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~ (
. 11).
ruseTis mefes surda da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoe-
bic ar iyvnen winaaRmdegni ruseTis patriarqs diptixSi
daeWira adgili aleqsandriis patriarqis Semdeg, magram
radganac wina saukuneebSi wmida mamaTa mier dadgenili
iyo diptixSi aleqsandriis sapatriarqos Semdeg antio-
qiisa da ierusalimis patriarqTa xseneba, rac dadasture-
buli iyo trulis krebis kanoniT, amitomac aRmosavle-
Tis patriarqebma gadawyvites ruseTis patriarqis adg-
ili marTlmadideblur diptixSi yofiliyo ierusali-
mis patriarqis Semdeg. es adgili ruseTis sapatriarqom
miiRo Tavisi ara marto sididisa da ekonomikuri si-
Zlieris gamo, aramed imitomac, rom im dros mahmadia-
nur qveynebSi arsebuli aRmosavleTis yvela patriarqi
ruseTis qristianul saxelmwifos imedis TvaliT Sesc-
qeroda. aseve iyo saqarTveloSic. amitomac qarTulma
eklesiam cno da aRiara ruseTis sapatriarqos adgili
ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, magram diptixSi VI
adgilze kvlav qarTuli eklesia unda yofiliyo.
qarTulma eklesiam ruseTis patriarqis adgili ieru-
salimis patriarqis Semdeg rom aRiara, amas miuTiTebs
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq antonis mimarTva
ruseTis imperatrica elisabedisadmi. 1757 wels anton I,
23
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi werda: _
`...yovelsa, rasaca aRiarebs da daamtkicebs, Seiwynarebs
da miiRebs dRes wm. eklesia aRmosavleTisa, romel ars
konstantinepolisa, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ieru-
salimisa da yovlisa ruseTisa _ meca aRviareb~... (ev. ni-
kolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918 w., gv. 188). aqedan
Cans, rom ukve XVII saukunis Semdgom, qarTuli eklesiis
diptixi aseTi iyo:
1. konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo;
2. aleqsandriis;
3. antioqiis;
4. ierusalimis;
5. ruseTis sapatriarqoebi;
6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo.
amJamadac, marTlmadideblur diptixSi qarTul ekle-
sias uWiravs istoriul-tradiciuli meeqvse adgili, rac
savsebiT kanonieria.
1998, t. II, gv. 241
24
qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis
e.w. saeklesio krebaze
saeklesio krebebma dasavleTSi XV saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles dones miaRwies.
isini saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis organoebs war-
moadgendnen da ganixilavdnen ara mxolod sasuliero,
aramed saero da politikur sakiTxebsac. magaliTad,
saeklesio krebis kompetenciaSi Sedioda saimperatoro
taxtze kandidaturebis SerCeva, imperatorebis gadayeneba,
germanel mTavarTa urTierTobis mowesrigeba, samxreT-
aRmosavleTi evropis qveynebis TurqeTis agresiisagan
dacva da a.S. _ wers istorikosi
XV saukunis saeklesio krebebi ar warmoadgendnen
ubralo iaraRs papebis xelSi, rogorc es XII-XIII sauku-
neebSi iyo. es saeklesio krebebi damoukidebel politi-
kas atarebdnen da acxadebdnen pretenziebs umaRles av-
toritetze saeklesio da saero saqmeebis gadawyvetis
dros. isini iTvisebdnen agreTve papebis kontrolisa da
gasamarTlebis uflebas~ (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis pirveli
naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,
krebuli _ `qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis sagareo politikis
istoriidan~, w. I, 1970 w., gv. 10).
1389 wels Turqebma kosovos velze evropuli qveyneb-
is koalicia daamarcxes da serbeTi daipyres, xolo 1393
wels _ bulgareTi. 1430 wels sulTanma murad II-m Tesa-
lonike daikava, amieridan bizantia Sedgeboda TviT kon-
stantinopolisagan. imperiis dReebi daTvlili iyo. bi-
zantiis imperatorebi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis ek-
lesiebis gaerTianebis fasad romisagan elodnen daxmare-
25
bis miRebas. mZime mdgomareobam aiZula bizantiis imper-
atorebi manuil II da ioane VIII miemarTaT romis papisad-
mi winadadebiT kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri ek-
lesiebis SeerTebis Taobaze. aseTi Zalze mniSvnelovani
saqmis gadawyveta miandes e.w. msoflio saeklesio kre-
bas. es kreba unda yofiliyo Zalze warmomadgenlobiTi
da moecva msoflios yvela qristianuli eklesia. 1436
wels imperatorma dagzavna Tavisi elCebi marTlma-
didebel qveynebSi da moiwvia maTi eklesiebis meTaure-
bi saeklesio krebaze bazelSi. bizantiis imperatorTan
da patriarqTan erTad italiaSi aRmosavleTis eklesi-
is 22 warmomadgeneli gaemgzavra, maT Soris ori qarTve-
li. 1436 wels imperatorma ioanem saqarTvelosa da
trapizonSi saeklesio krebaze elCebis Camosayvanad gag-
zavna andronike iagrini. siropulosi wers, rom `man
iberiidan waiyvana ori episkoposi, erTi elCi da iberi-
is mefeTa gansakuTrebuli senatorebi~. isini konstanti-
nopolSi Cavidnen da aqedan patriarqis amalasTan er-
Tad italiaSi gaemgzavrnen (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis pirve-
li naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,
dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 12-15).
`laTinur enaze Seqmnil erT TxzulebaSi, romelic am
epoqas Seexeba, sxva qveynebs Soris moxsenebulia iberi-
ac. igi aq daxasiaTebulia, rogorc uzarmazari qveyana,
romelsac Tavisi ena da mwerloba gaaCnia, mimdevaria
berZnuli eklesiisa, magram amave dros aRmasrulebelia
sakuTari Cveulebisa da hyavs erovnuli samRvdeloeba.
1438 wlis 10 TebervliT daTariRebuli erT-erTi saist-
orio wyarodan irkveva, rom veneciis navsadgurSi Se-
mosulan romis papis galerebi. erT maTgans Camouyvania
26
saberZneTis imperatori Tavisi amaliT, meores ki _ amave
qveynis patriarqi da mravali warCinebuli piri... somx-
eTidan, saqarTvelodan da ruseTidan~ (l. tardi, _ un-
greT-saqarTvelos urTierToba XVI s-Si, 1980 w., gv. 17).
wyaroebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos eklesia sxva
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa gverdiT am saeklesio kre-
baze pativiscemiT sargeblobda. es gamowveuli iyo,
rogorc ekonomikuri ZlierebiT, aseve mis mier marTl-
madideblobis mtkice dacviT.
1437-1439 wlebis ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreb-
is aqtebi moRweulia ori redaqciiT. pirveli maTgani
warmoadgens saeklesio krebis kaTolikur versias. piro-
biTad mas uwodeben àqta latinas~. aqtebis meore re-
daqcia gadmogvcems berZenTa delegaciis prolaTinurad
ganwyobili nawilis Tvalsazriss. mas uwodeben àkta
graekas~. mesame da ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens di-
akvnisa da didi eklesiarxis silvesteros siropulosis
memuarebi. CvenTvis sainteresoa konstantinopolis didi
eklesiis eklesiarxis siropulosis cnoba iberiis ek-
lesiis meTauris Sesaxeb. is mas àRmosavleTis patri-
arqs~ uwodebs. siropulosi gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: kre-
bisaTvis saWiro iyo Tanxebis gamoZebna, imperatorma
iberiis eklesiis meTaurs mosTxova 30 000 _ ìberiis
arqiepiskoposma gulmodgined izruna da imperators
Seacvlevina 30 aTasi fuli 20 aTasze. mas uxvad aqvs sim-
didre. masTan mRvdelmTavari mivida da misgan mxolod
oci miiRo, radgan igi mTeli aRmosavleTis patriarqia
da mahmadianTa mflobelobis qveS imyofeboda. is sul-
Tans aZlevs aTas florins imisaTvis, rom patriarqad
ekurTxos. misTvis fulis gadaxda mZime ar aris~ (o. Ju-
27
JunaZe, XV saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo poli-
tikis istoriisaTvis, dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 16).
siropulosis Sroma gamoxatavs marTlmadidebluri
mimarTulebis Tvalsazriss. siropulosi italiaSi Cavi-
da patriarq ioseb II-is anturaJSi. is iyo TviTmxilveli
da mravali ambis monawile, romelic krebaze xdeboda.
man TviTve moawera krebis aqtebs xeli. amitomac, misi
Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo wodebis
(Rirsebis) Sesaxeb aris konstantinopolis eklesiis
Tvalsazrisi, radganac siropulosi patriarqTan daax-
loebuli piri iyo, konstantinopolis mTavari eklesi-
is eklesiarxi. is qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs àRmosav-
leTis patriarqs~ uwodebs ise, rogorc saqarTvelos
sazRvrebs gareT tyoba-ierdSi aRmoCenili warwera XI
saukunisa. siropulosis mixedviT, iberiis eklesia sul-
Tans garkveul Tanxas aZlevda, rom misi mamaTmTavari
patriarqad kurTxeuliyo.
zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesia fe-
rara-florenciis krebaze monawileobda rogorc sapa-
triarqo eklesia. swored amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom
iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli diptixSi daayenes sa-
patriarqoTa rigSi ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg.
krebaze konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZlis Sem-
deg oTx skamze isxdnen sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenle-
bi, xolo maT Semdeg raime gansakuTrebuli gamoyofis
gareSe isxdnen sxva arqiepiskoposebi. konstantinopolis
patriarqis Semdeg oTx gansakuTrebul skamze isxdnen
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiis sapa-
triarqoTa warmomadgenlebi, eseni iyvnen: _ herakliis
arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis
28
kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava, antioqi-
is patriarqis mier gamozavnili efesiis arqiepikoposi,
ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ menziis ar-
qiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberi-
is mitropoliti (i. tabaRua, saq. evropis arqivebsa da wignsa-
cavebSi, gv. 241).
papis protonotariusi andrea di santa kroCe Tavis
SromaSi florenciis krebis Sesaxeb (romelic Semdeg
vatikanis bibilioTekarma horacio justinianom Seavso)
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierarqebis CamoTvlis dros
saqarTvelos warmomadgenels V safexurze ayenebda (iqve,
gv. 72). (o. JuJunaZe Tavis wyarod miuTiTebs e.w. àqta lati-
na~-s, gv. 72) konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis
da ierusalimis patriarqebis Semdeg, romlebic msof-
lio patriarqebad iTvlebodnen.
es maRali adgili saeklesio ierarqiaSi maCvenebelia
imisa, rom saqarTvelos eklesia am dros erT-erT Zli-
er da gavlenian organizacias warmoadgenda, amasve miu-
TiTebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebisadmi gag-
zavnili papi evgenis werili, romelSic 4 msoflio pa-
triarqis Semdeg moxsenebulia saqarTvelos mefe da
trapizonis mitropoliti da mxolod Semdegaa dasaxele-
buli ruseTis, moldo-vlaxeTisa da sxva mitropolite-
bi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos elCebs Cabarebuli
hqondaT trapizonis imperatoris mandati da maTi sax-
eliT moqmedebis ufleba hqondaT (o. JuJunaZe, XV saukunis
I naxevris saqarTvelos sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis,
dasaxelebuli krebuli, 1970 w., gv. 16; àqta latina~, gv. 333).
sxva bulaSi, aRmosavleTis eklesiebisadmi mimarTvis
dros, mimarTaven àRmosavleTis rCeul xalxebs _
29
berZnebs, rusebs, qarTvelebs da valaxebs~ (o. JuJunaZe, gv.
51; àqta latina~, gv. 89).
ufro metic, am krebis laTini mwerlebi saqarTvelos
araTu me-6 adgilze, aramed xandaxan me-3 adgilze moix-
senieben, me-5 adgilze ki am krebis diptixSi laTini is-
torikosebi mudam ixsenieben qarTul eklesias.
am krebis prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZeni samRvde-
loeba TavianT àqta graekaSi~ yvela warmomadgenlis
CamoTvlis Semdeg moixsenieben saqarTvelos da dasZenen
_ ìyvnen agreTve iberiidanac mitropoliti da erTi
episkoposi~. saqme isaa, rom am prolaTin berZen avtorebs
ar moswondaT iberiis eklesiis mier marTlmadideblo-
bis mtkice dacva. 1439 wlis ivliss marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesiis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobam xeli moawera
eklesiebis gaerTianebis aqts, qarTulma eklesiam xeli
ar moawera krebis dadgenilebas eklesiaTa gaer-
Tianebis Sesaxeb. amiT man prolaTinurad ganwyobili
berZeni samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac
aisaxa kidec àqta graekaSi~.
uniis mowinaaRmdege saqarTvelos elCi TavisTan mii-
wvia molaparakebisaTvis romis papma. papi mis mimarT
iCenda pativiscemas, radganac is ganaTlebuli yofila
da marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi Seu-
ryeveli. iberiis elCma paps upasuxa: `Cveni eklesia mo-
sawonia da Cvens sakuTar dogmebs vemorCilebiT, Cveni
eklesia Zalian mtkiced icavs TiToeul cnebas Cveni uf-
lis ieso qristesi, aseve wmida mociqulTa tradiciebs...
eklesiis saxelganTqmuli maswavleblebis swavlas maS-
inve gadmoviRebT xolme Cvens enaze. amisgan arasodes
ar gadagvixvevia, araferi ar dagvimatebia. romis ekle-
30
siam ki mravali ram daumata da sabolood wmida mamebis
swavlebis sazRvrebi gadalaxa. amis gamo Tqvens ekle-
sias Cven CamovSordiT da orive gayris gziT wavediT~...
amis Semdeg iberma paps urCia xeli ar exlo barbaro-
sul enebze arsebuli dogmebisaTvis, romelTa ZaliT
warTmeva da maT nacvlad Tavisis danergva surs. papma
pasuxi faruli simwariT moismina da gancvifrebuli
gaCumda~ (o. JuJunaZe, XV sakunis pirveli naxevris saqarTve-
los sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis, dasaxelebuli krebuli,
1970 w., gv. 20). swored amitom qarTulma delegaciam
uaryo uniis miReba.
iberiidan krebaze gagzavnili yofila sami warmomad-
geneli: ori sasuliero piri _ Tbileli episkoposebi
grigoli da ioane, agreTve gamoCenili samoqalaqo piri
(iqve, gv. 72). maTi saxelebis Sesaxeb arsebobs sxva cnobebic.
aRsaniSnavia, rom krebaze warmodgenili marTlma-
didebeli eklesiebis umravlesobam cno unia da xeli
moawera krebis aqtebs gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. dekrets gaer-
Tianebis Sesaxeb xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma,
patriarqma da berZnuli eklesiis wevrebma (iqve, gv. 54).
evropeli mecnierebi, mag. d. jila, am krebas msoflio
krebas uwodeben. jila, kerZod, werda _ `rac ar unda
iTqvas, es iyo msoflio kreba, romelmac Seafasa da gada-
wyvita doqtrinis sakiTxebi~ (iqve, gv. 32).
marTalia, rusuli Tanadrouli wyaroebi uaryofiT-
ad afaseben am krebas, magram mainc mas `merve krebas~ uwode-
ben. agreTve `msoflio krebis~ saxeliTac moixsenieben
(erTi rusuli wyaro `yaCaRurs~ uwodebs) (iqve. gv. 57).
am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis sainteresoa, rom ferara-flo-
renciis saeklesio krebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
31
miaqcia diptixis sakiTxs. krebam uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi,
romelsac xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma da aR-
mosavleTis sapatriarqoebma, daadgina, Tu rogori unda
yofiliyo rigiToba msoflio patriarqebisa saeklesio
diptixSi ( , ,1963 .,. 425).
rogorc vTqviT, ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saek-
lesio krebaze qarTul eklesias diptixSi mudam VI adg-
ili eWira, romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, an-
tioqiis da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis Semdeg, amito-
mac dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas, rom XV saukunisaTvis bi-
zantiis imperatori, romis papi, konstantinopolis msof-
lio patriarqi, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ierusal-
imis sapatriarqoebi aRiarebdnen da cnobdnen qarTuli
eklesiis VI adgils diptixSi.
1998, t. II, gv. 245
32
qarTveli episkoposebi
ferara-florenciis krebaze (1438)
XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyali-
bebisTanave, saqarTvelos patriarqs msoflio diptixSi
eWira VI adgili 5 patriarqis Semdeg.
marTalia, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebul diptixSi qarTv-
el patriarqs eWira VI adgili, magram scnobdnen Tu ara
amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen Tu ara
isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars VI adgilze? Cven
dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi,
ise aRmosavleTis 4 patriarqi scnobdnen iberiis ekle-
sias VI adgilze ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas
miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis diptixi.
am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili romis,
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ieru-
salimis saydrebis Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da
eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze sagangebo
yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom cnobili rusi
kanonistebis cnobiT, florenciis krebam 1438 wels uni-
is Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `konstantinopolis patri-
arqi iqneba meore romis papis Semdeg, aleqsandrieli
mesame. Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe ierusal-
imeli~... (a. kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, parizi, 1963, gv. 425;
rusul enaze).
marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor
unda ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba
exeboda ara diptixis, aramed sxva sakiTxs, magram, saer-
Tod, eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adgilebis ganawilebas
33
Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili
dadgenilebiTac Cans.
qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am
warmomadgenlobiT krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5
Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagrZele-
bul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sex-
vdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi
da romlis aqtebsac aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli
moaweres, `Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberiis mitro-
politi~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da
arqivebSi, I, gv. 101).
ìberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mx-
ares V adgilze konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, anti-
oqiis da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg. `pirve-
li kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli.
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ieru-
salimis patriarqis msoflio warmomadgeneli menziis
arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli iberiis
mitropoliti~ (iqve, gv. 101-102).
krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT:
centridan Tanabar manZilze idga ori taxti romis im-
peratorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. sasuliero pirebi
ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares
isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxd-
nen marTlmadidebelTa warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis sain-
tereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi saxisa: mar-
TlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga:
1. konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZeli (patriar-
qi am sxdomas ar eswreboda);
2. aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli ar-
qiepiskoposi;
34
3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli ar-
qiepiskoposi;
4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli ar-
qiepiskoposi;
5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia `mefis~) warmo-
madgeneli mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixed-
viT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli episkoposebi.
`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ...
sasuliero pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardi-
nalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi
SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ...
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen her-
akliis arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patri-
arqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava;
antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesos ar-
qiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili
menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgene-
li iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen trape-
zuntis, rizes, nikeis ... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi
... berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~ (iqve, gv. 214-215).
florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomad-
geneli sasuliero pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis
mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve `wesis~ mixedviT
isxdnen.
ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom
qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rig-
Si, xolo V adgili marTlmadidebelTa rigSi aRiare-
buli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis, aseve msof-
lio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosav-
leTis patriarqebis mier, amitomac isini erTmaneTs ar
35
daupirispirdnen da upirobod dasves iberiis warmo-
madgeneli aRniSnul adgilze. iberiis eklesiis adgili
diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitom man am `msof-
lio~ krebaze yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili
daiWira.
XV s-is pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-
florenciis krebaze, aseTia:
1. romis papi;
2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi;
3. aleqsandriis;
4. antioqiis;
5. ierusalimis;
6. iberiis;
7. trapezuntis;
8. rizes;
9. nikeis;
10. lakedemoniis;
11. nikomediis;
12. trivoniis;
13. amasiis;
14. mitilenis;
15. tolozinis;
16. stavropolis;
17. tunisis;
18. garinis;
19. melentinis;
20. aqilis;
21. muldulis _ patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi (iqve,
gv. 214).
marTalia, am krebaze aRniSnuli rigiT isxdnen eklesi-
is ierarqebi, magram maTgan avtokefalur eklesiad mi-
36
iCeoda mxolod 5 eklesia: konstantinopolis, aleqsan-
driis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitom am
avtokefalur eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze
eWiraT gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli ska-
mebi krebis monawileTa pirvel rigSi; xolo iberiis
mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris
mandati hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda
(iqve, gv. 215).
aseTi saxis iyo amJamad `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi.
rogorc cnobilia, sazogadod iqamde da SemdgomSic mar-
Tlmadidebluri diptixidan amoiRes romis papis moxse-
nieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTu-
li eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul VI adgilze. ker-
Zod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida
romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili warmoSva
adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram
male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam msof-
lio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadaw-
yvetilebiT.
ferara-florenciis krebis Semdeg `konstantinopolis
patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlel
patriarqebTan erTad scno rusuli eklesiis damoukidebe-
li arseboba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri rusu-
li mitropolia Tavisi RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatri-
arqos Semdeg, e.i. V adgilobriv marTlmadideblur ekle-
siaTa diptixSi~ (nparoc:arnrn nepkornrn na:en(apr, 1985, c. 3).
aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusali-
mis patriarqis Semdeg eWira, amis Semdeg ki man VI adg-
ili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).
37
1589 wels, ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg,
misma patriarqma diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca
didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra moskovis sapatri-
arqos mdgomareoba, mas mieca ufro maRali adgili, vi-
dre maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefaluri da
TviTmmarTveli eklesiebisa arxidiisas, kviprosisas,
iveriisas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis patri-
arqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mx-
olod ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakav-
SirebiT, rom krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacx-
ades wmida mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~ (Bk:a( Bce:en-
ckoro Hapnapxa r paspaoky evr ,nnnxn, c. 11).
ioane bagrations Tavis TxzulebaSi `kalmasoba~ dac-
uli aqvs cnobebi ferara-florenciis krebaze damswre
qarTvel episkoposTa Sesaxeb. misi cnobiT, saqarTvelo-
dan krebaze damswre axtalel episkopos danielsa da
Tavad nikoloz CerqeziSvils xeli ar mouweriaT kreb-
is dadgenilebaze, `xolo imereTis episkoposman iakob
Semoqmedelman moawera xeli~ (ioane batoniSvili, xumars-
wavla, t. II, 1991, gv. 350). saerTod, ioane batoniSvilis
azriT, saberZneTidan da ruseTidan Casul samRvdeloe-
bas xeli mouweria krebis aqtebisaTvis: `moaweres xeli
berZenTa da rusTa, garna antioxiisa patriarxman ara
moawera xeli, arca qarTvelma episkoposman axtalisa-
man danielman~...
83
axtalis saepiskoposo kaTedra erT-
erTi umniSvnelovanesi iyo qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi,
mdebareobda qvemo qarTlSi (amJamad somxeTis sazRvreb-
Sia), xolo ìmerTa episkoposi iakobi~, albaT, Semoqmede-
li episkoposi afxazeTis (`qvemo iveriis~) sakaTaliko-
sodan iyo gagzavnili ferar-florenciis krebaze. iberiis
38
mefes Tavis saxelmwifoSi Semavali orive saeklesio
erTeulis warmomadgenlebi miuvlenia krebaze.
ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba cxadia, ar iyo
`msoflio saeklesio kreba~, magram am krebas gaaCnda
saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba, imiT, rom mas eswrebodnen
TviT msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, bizanti-
is saimperatoro karis upirvelesi pirebi, yvela marTl-
madidebeli sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli mRvdelmTavre-
bi, msoflios sxva marTlmadidebeli, maT Soris, rusu-
li eklesiis delegatebi. saqarTvelos eklesia am kre-
baze daayenes sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi. marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa rigSi (diptixSi) misi warmomadgene-
li daayenes V adgilze, mxolod am mxriv aris es, anu
ferara-florenciis kreba CvenTvis saintereso da arav-
iTar SemTxvevaSi mas `msoflio kreba~ ar ewodeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva wyaroTa miTiTebiT, krebaze
wargzavnili iyvnen episkoposebi saqarTvelos sxva kaT-
edrebidan (episkoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samo-
ciqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, 1989, gv. 232-250). kerZod, vax-
uStis cnobiT, am krebaze damswre qarTveli episkoposis
saxeli sofroni yofila, xolo TviT kreba saqarTve-
los mefe aleqsandre didis dros Catarebula (qarTlis
cxovreba, t. IV, gv. 281).
wignidan _ `saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi~,
2003, t. II, gv. 290
39
damateba:
saqarTvelo ferara-florenciis
krebis epoqaSi
mefeT mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi
cnobilia, rom swored misi mefobisas Sedga kreba fe-
rara-florenciisa. es kreba viTomda saeklesio gaer-
Tianebas (erTianobis aRdgenas) isaxavda miznad. am kreba-
ze, rogorc wesi, daculi iqna diptixi. sxdomis darbazSi
erT mxares TanmimdevrobiT dasxes jer sapatriarqo
Rirsebis mqone marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgen-
lebi, maT Semdeg ki maTze dabali rangiT mdgomi sxva mar-
Tlmadidebluri eklesiebi. sapatriarqo eklesiebis rig-
Si konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusal-
imis patriarqebis warmomadgenlebis Semdeg dasves
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo eklesiis (sabuTebSia `saqarTve-
los mefis~) warmomadgenlebic. es yofila mitropoliti
sofroni, rogorc es vaxuStis Sromis Sesabamisi adgilis
SeniSvnidan Cans: `sweren xronologebisa Sina, rameTu
florenciis krebasa zeda iyo erTi mitropoliti sofron
da episkopozi erTi, welsa qristesa 1433, qarTvelni,
romelni iqnebis aleqsandres mefobis weli 19~ (qarTlis
cxovreba, IV, gv. 281, SeniSvnebi).
swored sapatriarqo Rirsebis mqoned rom miaCndaT
qarTuli eklesia, es Cans im wlebis sigelebidanac. ma-
galiTad, mefe aleqsandre xazgasmiT uwodebs Tavis drois
kaTalikosebs `patriarqebs~, xolo mcxeTas _ `sapatri-
arqo~ saydars. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imis Sesaxeb,
rom diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis gansazRvra-
40
sa da msoflios sxva eklesiaTa Soris saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis `sapatriarqo~ Rirsebis aRiarebas im dros CvenSi
mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen.
magaliTad: 1420 wlis mcxeTis sigelSi naTqvamia: àmave
Jamsa dadginda patriarqad kaTalikozi miqael~ (T. Jor-
dania, qronikebi, t. II, 1897, gv. 226).
1424 wlis sigelSia: `RvTisa saydrisa dedaqalaqisa
mcxeTisa patriarqad ganmzadebulman monazonman daviT~...
(iqve, gv. 228). 1428 wlis sigelSi mcxeTas - `sapatriarqo
saydari~ ewodeba (`saydari~ udris evropul `kaTedras~,
rusul `prestols~). `...gvemsaxura Cvensa sapatriarqosa
saydarsa deda-qalaqis mcxeTisaTvis~... (iqve, gv. 321).
es sabuTebi swored ferera-florenciis krebis samza-
disis periodSia gamocemuli. yovelive es miuTiTebs, rom
qarTuli eklesiis saerTaSoriso Rirsebis grZnoba am
droisaTvis iseve maRalia, rogorc XI-XII saukuneebSi.
1999, t. III, gv. 163
41
msjelobani diptixis sakiTxze
aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis eklesiam 1943 wels cno ara
mxolod qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia, agreTve sxva
mniSvnelovani uflebani qarTuli eklesiisa, kerZod
aRiara misi sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili msof-
lio eklesiis marTlmadideblur diptiqSi. maSasadame,
marTlmadidebelTa ojaxSi ruseTis eklesiam qarTuli
eklesia da misi meTauri daayena iseTi udidesi eklesie-
bis win, rogorebic arian serbeTis, rumineTis, bulga-
reTis, eladis da sxva eklesiebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTu-
li eklesiis VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptiqSi
jerac ar ucvnia msoflios mraval eklesias da isini
ufro ukana adgilze ayeneben mas.
1943 wels ruseTis eklesiis mier qarTuli eklesiis
sami uflebis (avtokefalia, sapatriarqo Rirseba, adg-
ili diptiqSi) aRiareba gvafiqrebinebs, rom es moxda sa-
bWoTa saxelmwifos qarTveli meTauris nebarTviT (ig-
ulisxmeba i. stalini), romelmac swored im dros cno
ruseTis eklesiis uflebebi, misca patriarqis arCevis neba.
ruseTis eklesiam cno qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia
saqarTvelos ssr-is teritoriaze, garda amisa, droebiT
iurisdiqciaSi gadasca somxeTis ssr-s marTlmadidebe-
li mosaxleoba.
amis Semdeg TiTqmis kidev 50 weli dasWirda imas, rom
msoflio marTlmadideblur centrebs, konstantinopol-
sa da sxvebs ecnoT qarTuli eklesiis uflebani. kerZod,
1990 wlis 25 ianvars konstantinopolis msoflio patri-
arqma gamosca sigeli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
cnobis Sesaxeb, imave wlis 3 marts ki manve gamosca gan-
42
Cineba saqarTvelos eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis cno-
bis Sesaxeb, saidanac gamomdinareobda eklesiis meTau-
ris (patriarqis) titulis cnoba.
* * *
aRsaydrebis Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqo-
Si oficialuri vizitisas, 1979 wlis maisSi, wmida sino-
dis winaSe ilia II-m daayena sami sakiTxi: aRiarebuli
yofiliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, aRiare-
buli yofiliyo misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli,
mikuTvneboda qarTul eklesias kuTvnili VI adgili mar-
Tlmadideblur diptiqSi. `Cemi azriT _ ganacxada ilia
II-m, _ konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqom ar unda
dauSvas, rom uZvelesi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesia daayenos axali eklesiebis gverdiT, Cven gvinda
aRvadginoT winandeli mdgomareoba, romelic samwux-
arod, davkargeT 1811 wels~.
konstantinopolis eklesiam istoriuli dokumente-
bi moiTxova saamisod. qalkedonis mitropolitma meli-
tonma ganacxada: `Cveni eklesiis sinodi am sakiTxs dadeb-
iTad gadaWris, mxolod Cven gvWirdeba dasabuTebuli
istoriuli masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb, rom
es sakiTxi gadaiWras umokles xanSi~ (`jvari vazisa~, 1979,
#2, gv. 11). uwmidesma saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdgom
wlebis manZilze gaaCaRa muSaoba qarTuli eklesiis is-
toriuli sabuTebis mosapoveblad, dagvavala Cven, wmida
sinodis wevrebs, qarTvel mecnierebs, moRvaweebs,
muSakebs, yvelas, visac ki Sexeba hqonda aRniSnul sak-
iTxTan, wvlili Seetana am saqmeSi. Seikriba dokument-
43
ebi, iTargmna ucxo enebze. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss misma uw-
midesobam oficialuri werilebiT mimarTa yvela mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs wmida sinodis sax-
eliT: maTSi gadmocemuli iyo qarTuli eklesiis mok-
le istoria, dokumentebis darTviT, romlidanac aSkar-
ad dasturdeboda qarTuli eklesiis uZvelesi avtoke-
falia, misi meTauris sapatriarqo tituli da VI adg-
ili diptiqSi.
* * *
samwuxarod, am droisaTvis ar iqna ganxiluli qarTu-
li eklesiis adgilis sakiTxi marTlmadideblur dip-
tiqSi. diptiqis sakiTxi aris urTulesi da exeba eklesi-
aTa Rirsebas. magaliTad, serbeTis, rumineTisa da bul-
gareTis eklesiebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
oficialurad ufro adre mianiWa avtokefalia da sapa-
triarqo Rirseba vidre saqarTvelos eklesias, amitom
konstantinopolis diptiqSi isini ixseniebian sapatri-
arqo eklesiaTa rigSi ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg, Sesa-
bamisad VI, VII da VIII adgilebze. radganac qarTuli ek-
lesiis ufleba SemdegSi iqna cnobili, maTi TvalsazrisiT
igi unda Cadges maT ukan, e.i. IX adgilze, rac cxadia,
miuRebelia CvenTvis. ase, rom sakiTxi sadavoa. am sak-
iTxis gadaWras saeklesio sabuTebis moSveliebiT cdi-
loben msoflios eklesiebi.
msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi emzadebian ax-
ali msoflio saeklesio krebis Casatareblad. cnobil-
ia, rom bolo msoflio kreba Catarda aTasze meti wlis
win. amis Semdeg msoflio marTlmadideblobas daugrov-
44
da mravali sakiTxi, romelTa gadaWracaa saWiro. gada-
wyda, msoflio krebis win Catardes wina mosamzadebeli
TaTbirebi. ukve Catarda ramdenime TaTbiri, romlebzec
dadginda, rom momavali msoflio krebis dRis wesrigSi
Seitanon sul 10 sakiTxi, maT Soris iseTebisa, rogori-
caa marxvis, kalendris, aRdgomis erT dRes dResaswau-
lis, diptiqis, avtokefaliis, diasporisa da sxva sakiTx-
ebi. msoflio marTlmadideblur eklesiebs surT, kre-
bamde ganixilon da Seiswavlon yvela sakiTxi, miaRwion
srul Tanxmobas yvela sakiTxze, radganac Tu Seu-
Tanxmebel sakiTxebs gaitanen msoflio krebaze gansax-
ilvelad, SeiZleba aman gamoiwvios kamaTi da uTanxmoe-
ba, msoflio kreba iqceva ara erTobis, aramed ganyofis
krebad, rac dauSvebelia. amitom sakiTxs diptiqisa,
romelic daudgenelia qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, msof-
lio eklesiebi swavloben. am sakiTxze TavianTi azri
gamoTqves ruseTis, eladis, konstantinopolis da sxva
eklesiebma TavianT `TemebSi diptiqis Sesaxeb~. maTze
dayrdnobiTa da sxva wyaroebis monacemebiT Cems mier
momzadebuli Tema `marTlmadideblur diptiqSi qarTu-
li eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb~ ukve gamoqveynebulia.
statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan
_ saqarTvelos dedaeklesia, 2006, t. 12, gv. 268, 272, 275
45
qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi
(jdomisa da dgomis wesi)
(q. c., I, gv. 147)
qarTul eklesiaSi episkoposebi wirva-locvis Tu
darbazobis dros isxdnen saepiskoposoebis Rirsebis
mixedviT. amis Sesaxeb daculia cnobebi uZvelesi droidan
vidre XVIII saukunis CaTvliT.
darbazobis Tu romelime ceremonialis dros
mRvdelmTavrebi _ àrian mdgomareni: ...TvisTa xarisx-
Ta Sina... viTarca-igi ganwesebul ars samRvdeloTa
dasTaTvis~.
samRvdelo dass hqonia Tavisi `ganweseba~, romlis
Tanaxmad, Tavisi xarisxis Sesabamisad unda dadges
mRvdelmTavari, da ara marto mRvdelmTavari, aramed
TavianTi ganweseba aqvT samRvdeloebas _ `dekanozebs,
kandelakebs da krebuls~.
diptixs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda _ `samRvdeloTa
dasTa wyobileba~, an `wesdeba da garigeba~ da aseve
`zeviT da qveviT dgomis wesi~.
`samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~ erTiani saqarTve-
los saxelmwifos arsebobis dros sxvagvari yofila,
xolo samefos daSlis Semdeg `samRvdeloTa dasTa wes-
deba da garigeba~ Secvlila. diptixSi Zveli wesebis Secv-
la gamouwvevia imasac, rom axali saepiskoposoebi gaCe-
nila, xolo zogierTi Zveli gamqrala. am mdgomareobas
gamouwvevia diptixis aSla da amis gamo _ `zeviT da qve-
moT dgomaze mravali cileba da ganxeTqileba ars
mRvdelmTavarTa, arximandritTa, protopapTa da sam-
RudeloTa dasTa Soris~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II. gv. 537).
46
erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros
diptixis rigi mtkiced yofila gansazRvruli da aRwer-
ilia rogorc samefo matianeebSi, aseve saeklesio
sabuTebSi _ `...odes saqarTuelo iyo sruliad erTsame-
fo, maSin samRudeloTa dasTa wyobileba da xarisxni
iyunen sruliad mis-missa xarisxsa Sina wesdgomiT, viTa
ixilvebis qarTlis aRwerisa matianesa Sina da egreTve
mcxeTisa werilsa Sina xucursa~ (iqve, gv. 537).
saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom
diptixis, anu wesdgomis rigic Seicvala _ `xolo odes
saqarTvelo ganiyo da sam sameufod gansqda: qarTlad,
kaxeTad da imereTad da agreTve xuT samTavrod, e.i. saa-
Tabagod, sadadianod, sagurielod, saafxazod da sasv-
aneTod, maSin yovelTave mefeTaca da mTavarTaca Tvis
Tvisad sardrebi ganiweses... egreTve didebismoyuarebi-
saTvis romelTame axalni episkoposni dasxes, romelime
saepiskoposo avis drosagan moiSala, romelime damd-
ablda, romelime amaRlda da arRara ars adrindeli
wesdeba da garigeba~... (iqve, gv. 537).
samRvdeloTa dasTa Zveli wesdebisa da garigebis
moSlis gamo, rogorc aRvniSneT, eklesiaSi arev-dareva
Seqmnila.
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi erT-erTi samgloviaro cer-
emoniis dros, XVIII saukuneSi, `samRvdelo dasTaTvis
ganweseba da dawyobileba~ ase yofila gansazRvruli cer-
emonmaistris mier _ ùwmidesi kaTalikos-patriarxi,
piruelni mitropolitni, arxiepiskoposni, episkoposni,
pirvelni arximandritni... xolo Semdgomad sxvani
mRudelni, viTa maTni mRudelmTavarni iyunen mdgomar-
eni, egreT maTni dekanosni, kandelakni da krebulni
47
iyunen mdgomni TvisTa xarisxTa Sina. egreT hsdgen viTa
igi ganwesebul ars werilTa Sina samRudeloTa
dasTaTvis~ (iqve, gv. 536-537).
dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `kurTxeva mironisa~
da romelsac XIII saukuniT aTariReben, saqarTvelos (Cans
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mRvdelmTavrebi darbazobis
dros sxdebodnen Semdegi saxiT _ `gangeba darbazobisa
_ raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efisko-
posni am wesiTa dasxden:
1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjuen-
iT mefisa, taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiTa da baliSiTa;
2. Semovides Wyondideli da dajdes marcxeniT mefisa,
natiTa da baliSiTa;
3. Semovides didisa somxeTisa mitropoliti da da-
jdes kaTalikozisa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa;
4. Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da dajdes mitro-
politsa quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod;
5. Semovides mawyuereli da dajdes mTavarefiskopozsa
quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod;
6. Semovides amba alaverdeli da dajdes Wyondidel-
sa quemoT natiTa, ubaliSod;
7. Semovides qisiyeli da dajdes amba alaverdelsa
quemoT unatod;
8. Semovides kumurdoeli da dajdes qisiyelsa quemoT;
9. Semovides ninowmideli arqimandriti da dajdes
qisiyelsa quemoT;
10. Semovides iSxneli da dajdes kumurdoelsa quemoT;
11. Semovides anCeli arqimandriti da dajdes ninow-
midelsa quemoT;
12. Semovides mtbevari da dajdes anCelsa quemoT;
48
13. Semovides wurwyabeli da dajdes mtbevarsa quemoT;
14. Semovides wyarosTveli da dajdes wurwyabelsa
quemoT;
15. Semovides eruSneli da dajdes wyarosTvelsa quemoT;
16. Semovides mangleli da dajdes eruSnelsa quemoT;
17. Semovides winwyaroeli da dajdes manglelsa quemoT;
18. Semovides rusTveli da dajdes winwyaroelsa quemoT;
19. Semovides wilkneli da dajdes rusTvelsa quemoT;
20. Semovides kawareli da dajdes wilknelsa quemoT;
21. Semovides urbneli da dajdes kawarelsa quemoT;
22. Semovides mrueli da dajdes urbnelsa quemoT;
23. Semovides samTavneli da dajdes mruelsa quemoT;
24. Semovides niqozeli da dajdes samTavnelsa quemoT;
25. Semovides valaSkerteli da dajdes niqozelsa quemoT;
26. Semovides bolneli mamaTmTavari da dajdes val-
aSkertelsa quemoT;
27. Semovides kareli mamamTavari da dajdes bolnelsa
quemoT;
28. Semovides xarWaSneli da dajdes karelsa quemoT;
29. Semovides tfileli da dajdes xarWaSnelsa quemoT;
30. Semovides walkeli da dajdes tfililsa quemoT;
31. Semovides baneli da dajdes walkelsa quemoT;
32. Semovides Werem-qalaqeli da dajdes banelsa quemoT;
33. Semovides dmaneli da dajdes Werem-qalaqelsa
quemoT;
34. Semovides dadaSneli da dajdes dmanelsa quemoT;
35. Semovides giSeli da dajdes dadaSnelsa quemoT.
modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRuarni da winamZRu-
arni da maTiTa wesiTa winamoisxdnen efiskoposTa~ (sa-
marTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 47-49).
49
aqedan Cans, rom darbazobisa da sxva oficialuri
Sekrebis dros episkoposebi sxdebodnen sagangebo wes-
iT, maTi kaTedrebis Rirsebis mixedviT. imave Sekrebis
dros samRvdeloebac sagangebo wesis mixedviT sxdebo-
da Tav-Tavisi episkoposebis win _ TavianTi wodebisa da
Rirsebis mixedviT.
es dokumenti, rogorc sxvagan gvqonda aRniSnuli,
xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa da kaTalikos antons da amis
mixedviT ganusazRvravT ninowmidelis pativi da adgili.
es dokumenti ereklesa da antons miaCndaT im Zvel dros
Sedgenilad, roca qalaqi tfilisi ar iyo samefo, anu
sataxto qalaqi, aramed _ nisani da quTaTisi, amis gamoo,
_ weren isini, _ Tbileli episkoposis pativi da Rirseba
SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis bolo-
Sio~ (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 401).
am dokumentis gadamwers erT-erT mTavar nusxaSi amba
alaverdelis gaswvriv marcxena kideze miuweria _ `Se-
movides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT~ (iqve,
gv. 48). bolneli mamamTavris gaswvriv marjvena kideze
gadamwers miuweria _ `Semovides aneli da dajdes bol-
nelsa quemoT~ (iqve, gv. 49).
minaweridan _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes be-
diels quemoT,~ Cans, rom arsebula ara marto aRmosav-
leT saqarTvelos episkoposTa pativisa da Rirsebis
adgilis ganweseba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos `wesdgoma~.
motanili nawyvetidan Cans, rom pativiT cixe-gojeli
ufro qvemoT dgas bedielze.
saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos erTiani
saxelmwifos arsebobisas darbazobis dros mefis mar-
50
jvniv isxdnen, anda idgnen qarTlis sakaTalikosos
episkoposebi, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis sakaTali-
kosos episkoposebi. amaze migviTiTebs sabuTi _ `wesi da
gangeba mefed kurTxevisa~, romelsac XIII saukuniT aTar-
iReben. aq aRniSnulia _ `marjuene xeli kaTalikozTa
eWiros, xolo marcxene xeli afxazeTisa kaTalikozsa~...
(iqve, gv. 53). e.i. mefis marjvniv qarTlis kaTalikosi dgas,
xolo marcxniv _ afxazeTis kaTalikosi. im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu afxazeTis kaTalikosi ar eswreboda mefis kurTxe-
vas, misi adgili mefis marcxniv SeeZlo daeWira Wyon-
didels mTavarepiskoposs anda iSxnels, ceremoniis moTx-
ovnilebaTa mixedviT. mefis daburvis Rirseba mefis
kurTxvis dros hqonia afxazeTis kaTalikoss, an mTavar-
episkoposs. xolo qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bolo wlebSi
samRvdeloeba ceremoniis dros orad iyofoda _ mar-
jvniv mcxeTis samRvdeloeba dgeboda, xolo marcxniv
alaverdis samRvdeloeba. e.i. qarTlisa da kaxeTisa. _
`...marjueniT mcxeTisa, xolo marcxeniT alaverdisa~...
(samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 536).
mefis marcxniv adgili Zveli erTianobis dros afx-
azeTis sakaTalikosos episkoposebs unda daeWiraT, ma-
gram samefos daSlis Semdeg marcxena adgili alaver-
delma episkoposma daiWira.
1745 wels Teimurazis mefed kurTxevis dros, darba-
zobisas, mefis marjvniv dajda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-
patriarqi _ `xolo vinaiTgan arca samegreloisa da im-
eriTisa episkopozni arcaRa mesxni iyunes mun, sxvadasx-
vaTa mier mizezTa, da saydarica somxiTisa mitropoli-
tisa moSlil iyo Zveladve, da ganeCinaT yoveli pativi
somxiTis mitropolitisa amba-alaverdelisad, dajda
51
marcxeniT mefisa amba alaverdeli... somxiTisa mitro-
politisa pativisa Rirsqmnili mefisa leon I-is mier,
adgilsa Wyondidelisasa, marcxeniT mefisa~ (iqve, gv. 400).
e.i. leon I-is dros amba alaverdelma miiRo somxeTis
mitropolitis pativi, xolo darbazobis dros mieniWa
Rirseba Wyondidelis adgilze jdomisa _ mefis marcxniv.
sanam ganvixilavdeT mefis marcxniv àfxazeTis sakaTa-
likosos~ episkoposebis `wesdgomas~, manamde unda iTq-
vas, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdgom,
XI saukunidan, saqarTvelos patriarqi (anu rac igivea _
qarTlis kaTalikosi), afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Wyondide-
li da moZRvarT-moZRvari xdebian saxelmwifos moxelee-
bi, isini Sedian umaRles sakanonmdeblo sabWoSi, romel-
Sic mefesTan erTad Sedioda agreTve sami veziri.
`darbazis kari~ Sedgeboda òTxi berisagan~ da `sami
vezirisagan~. òTxi beri~ arian:
1. moZRvarT-moZRvari;
2. patriarqi;
3. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;
4. Wyondideli.
`sami veziri~ arian:
1. aTabagi (mogvianebiT, manamde, albaT, sxva saxeli
iyo);
2. amirspasalari;
3. mandaturT-uxucesi.
`...darbaziT aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, kaTa-
likozTa, Wyondidelsa da samTave vezirTa: aTabagsa,
amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~ (iqve, gv. 90).
àmirejibi _ kaTalikozTa, moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, Wy-
ondidelsa _ amaT win tablas dasdgamen... es oTxive adge-
52
bian... aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa
tabaks ejibi daudgams, adgebian. gamgeT-uxucesi monazonT
oTxTave sam-samis jamiT, egreTve samTa vezirTa iTva-
lavs~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 93).
darbazis kari _ umaRlesi saxelmwifo organo _ Sedgeba
oTxi monazonisagan, anu oTxi berisagan da sami vezirisagan.
òTxi berisagan~ Seqmnili sabWo, romelic arsebobda
mefesTan, Cans, warmoadgenda qarTuli eklesiis sinods,
radganac darbazis kars ufleba hqonda mieca kanoni ek-
lesiebisaTvis _ `kanons darbazis kariT miiRebdnen~ ek-
lesia-monastrebio, _ weria erT dokumentSi. Semdeg
saukuneTa dokumentebSic es oTxi beri, anu oTxi mona-
zoni moCans.
darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvari mefis marjvniv
dgeboda, an jdeboda. moZRvarT-moZRvari Zalze sapatio
monazonia. mas mefe darbazobis dros ufro meti pativiT
xvdeboda, vidre kaTalikosebsa da Wyondidels. mefe
noxispirze miegebeboda moZRvarT-moZRvars, e.i. mis win
dafenil noxs mefe mTlianad gaivlida, xolo kaTali-
kosebisa da Wyondidelis misalmebis dros mefes sur-
vilisamebr SeeZlo gaevlo noxis mesamedi, anda saer-
Tod ar gaevlo, adgilzeve darCeniliyo. aseTive wesiT
egebeboda mefe samive vezirsac, e.i. moZRvarT-moZRvris
pativi aRemateboda, rogorc darCenili monazvnebis, aseve
samive veziris pativsac.
`moZRvarT-moZRvari Sevides da eTayvanos mefesa da
merme mefeca eTayvanos... mefe noxTa pirsa moegebeis da
moesalmos: `moaxsne~, brZanoso. wavides [moZRvarT-moZR-
vari] da marjveniT gardadges axlo... kaTalikozi, romel-
ic movides egreTve eTayvanos... gina noxsa zeda mesamedi
53
warmoiaros da miTve wesiTa Wyondidelsa da samTa
vezirTa awvios~ (iqve, gv. 90).
mefesTan darbazis karis Sekrebis dros mefis marjvniv
adgils iWeren mwignobarTuxucesi da qarTlis kaTali-
kosi, xolo mefis marcxniv _ Wyondideli da afxazeTis
kaTalikosi. xolo darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv
qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos episkoposebi Tavisi wesis mixedviT, xolo
mefis marcxniv afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian
dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi.
moZRvarT-moZRvris pativis gadidebiT odnav Semcir-
ebulia saqarTvelos patriarqis (qarTlis kaTaliko-
sis) pativi, xolo Wyondidelis pativis gadidebiT Sem-
cirebulia afxazeTis kaTalikosis pativi, anu eklesiis
TviTmmarTveloba SezRudulia saxelmwifos mier. Sei-
Zleba vivaraudoT, rom saeklesio kanonmdebelia ara
patriarqi, aramed oTxi berisagan Seqmnili sabWo, romel-
ic darbazis karze arsebobs.
dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris erT-erTi
sapatio yofila quTaTelis kaTedra. quTaTelis pativi
iseTive yofila, rogoric iSxnelisa. Tu ra didi iyo
iSxnelis pativi, iqidanac Cans, rom darbazobis dros
iSxnelis misalmebisas mefe or-sam nabijs gadadgamda,
xolo sxva episkoposTa misalmebisas adgilidanac ar
daiZvroda _ `ra sworad episkoposni mividnen imieriT:
iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli, mtbevari da golgoTeli,
maT rai eTayvanen... iSxnelisaTvis ufro mdablad da ori
anu sami biji warmoiaros da miesalmos; da am sxuaTaTvis
sworad nu daiZvris~ (iqve, gv. 91).
54
iSxnelisa da quTaTelis pativi Tanabari yofila _
`da miT erTob sabatio aris [quTaTeli] da iSxnelis
swori pativi marTebs~ (iqve, gv. 91), e.i. quTaTelis mis-
almebis drosac mefe or-sam nabijs warmodgamda.
didi pativi hqonia agreTve bediis episkopossac, rad-
ganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [mefisa] da quTaTeli
[makurTxevelica] da mesaflavec aris~ (iqve, gv. 91).
aqedan Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposeb-
is `wesdgoma~ iqneboda aseTi saxisa:
1. mefis marcxniv dgeboda afxazeTis, anu biWvinTis kaTa-
likosi;
2. mefis marcxniTve iyo adgili Wyondidelisa, magram
ara afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT, aramed mis gverdiT.
maTi pativi Tanabari iqneboda, radganac Wyondideli me-
fis moxelea _ `Wyondideli mama ars mefisa~ (iqve, gv. 95);
3. afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda
quTaTel episkoposs, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos
kaTedraTa Soris mxolod quTaisis taZarSi akurTxebd-
nen mefes. quTaisis taZarSi inaxeboda mefis skiptra da
gvirgvini. `...[quTaTelis saydarsa Sina] mefeni dailocvi-
an... quTaTelman ase Tqua, Tu: àw, orjer-samjer Cems
saydarsa Sigan orni mefeni dalocvilan da ar memarTle-
bi, gvirgvini anu skiptra Cems saydarsa Sigan ar dasd-
va~. da merme vezirT da erTobilT laSqarTa Tqves Tu
`quTaTeli umarTlea~ da skiptra quTaTels gauCines~...
(iqve, gv. 91).
4. quTaTeli episkoposis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda
bediel episkoposs, radganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [me-
fisa]... didi giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaq-
cia misisa [bedielis] saydarsa Sigan ars~... (iqve, gv. 91).
55
5. Cans, erT dros bedielis qvemoT adgili eWira cixe-
gojel episkoposs, amaze gvaqvs pirdapiri miTiTeba _
`Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT~ (iqve,
gv. 48. SeniSvna I). danarCeni dasavleT saqarTvelos episko-
posebis adgilis gansazRvra darbazobis dros Znelia.
maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi `wesdgoma~ ase-
Ti unda yofiliyo:
1. afxazeTis kaTalikosi;
2. Wyondideli;
3. quTaTeli;
4. bedieli;
5. cixe-gojeli...
erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom
didi pativi mieca alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedras,
gansakuTrebiT erekle II-is dros.
`q. Cuen, sruliad saqarTvelos mefeman iraklim ese
ganaCeni davdeviT am rigaT: Zveladganve CvenTa Camomav-
lobaTa mier maTi yovlad samRvdelooba arxiepizko-
pozi alaverdisa didad gapatiosnebuli aris sxvaTa
saqarTveloTa yovlad samRvdeloTa zeda da umetesi
pativi miscemies~ (iqve, gv. 415).
erekle II-m gazarda aseve ninowmideli episkoposis
adgili da pativi.
erekle II-is dros saqarTvelos eklesiis Sina dip-
tixi aseTi iyo (aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi):
1. `zemoisa saqarTveloisa mamaTmTavari kaTalikos-
patriarxi~;
2. arqiepiskoposi amba-alaverdeli _ somxiTisa mit-
ropoliti;
3. mitropoliti qisiyeli;
56
4. mitropoliti Tbileli;
5. mitropoliti ninowmideli;
6. mangleli;
7. rusTveli;
8. wilkneli;
9. kawareli, urbneli, mroveli, nekreseli, samTavne-
li, niqozeli, bolneli, xarWaSneli, walkeli, dmaneli,
giSeli _ moSlili saepiskoposoebi.
erekle II ninowmidelis adgils 1749 wlis dokumentiT
sazRvravs Tbilelis qvemoT _ àmisaTvis, Semdgomad
qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mitropolitTa aqvndes adgili
mitropolitobiT mieriTagan yovelTa yovlad-samRude-
loTa ninowmidelTa~... (samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, gv. 401).
`...miveciT ninowmidelsa mRudelmTavarsa adgili kre-
basa Sina dgomisa anu jdomisa, uzemoes manglelisa,
rusTvelisa da walkelisa da Tu same iqmnes ganaxleba
kawarelisa... urbnelisa da mrovelisa, nekreselisa,
samTavnelisa, niqozelisa... bolnelisa... xarWaSnelisa-
ca... walkelisaca da dmanelisa... giSelisaca... TviT
Tbilelisaca uzemoes aqunda adgili krebasa Sina yov-
lad-samRudelosa ninowmidelsa, viTar igi weril ars
ganCinebasa Sina mefeTa gvirgvinosan-yofiTa da darba-
zobisaTa... samefo qalaqi ara iyo Tbilisi droTa mas
Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi... papaman Cuenman irakli
pirvelman... tfileli episkopozi... mitropolit hyo...
eseve saydari samitropolito tfilelisa Rirsad... qvemo
qisiyelis mitropolitisa saydrisa, vqmeniT ara ugange-
bod. amisTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mit-
ropolitTa aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT... ninow-
midelTa~... (iqve, gv. 401).
57
aqedan Cans, rom ereklesa da antonis ganCinebiT, erT
dros ninowmidelis adgili TviT Tbilelis maRla yofi-
la, rac imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom Tbilisi Zveli
darbazobis ganCinebis dros samefo qalaqi ar yofila.
Semdgom, roca tfilisi dedaqalaqi gamxdara, Teimuraz
II-s TbilelisaTvis miuniWebia mitropolitobis pativi
da darbazobis dros TbilelisaTvis ganuCeniaT adgili
_ `qvemo qisiyelisa~, e.i. qisiyelis qvemoT dajdeboda
Tbileli, xolo ninowmidels adgili ganusazRvres
qisiyelisa da Tbilelis qvemoT.
1998, t. II, gv. 250
58
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!"#!$2! 34 &5!1!' 2,'&$,-
263(2#, 78!#(&1,
59
ACTA SACRA OECUMENICI CONCILII
FLORENTINI
1
Disputationes, seu Collationes inter Latinos, et Graecos. In-
generali Concilio Florentino habitae, et ab Andrea de S. Cruce
Patricio Romano, et Apostolici Consistorij Advocato conscriptae
in modum Dialogicum Ludovico Pontano.
Ludovico: Quis locus fuerat Graecorum Imperatoris?
Andreas: Insinistra parte de directo Cathedrae Imperatoris
Romanorum pariformiter constituta sedes est, ad eius dexteram
scabello quodam posito erat Demetrius eiusdem Imperatoris
germanus, Despotus Moreae.
Ludovico: Prosequere Clericorum ordinem?
Andreas: In oppositum primi Cardinalis sedes Patriarchae
fuerat constituta, qui infirmitate detentus non, adfuit illo die, et
speciale misit mandatum, quod publice lectum extitit, ut inferi-
us de verbo ad verbum interseram; in quatuor scabellis post
Patriarcham dispositis sequebantur Archiepiscopus Heracleen-
sis, Alexandrini Patriarchae legitimum mandatum habens, eiu-
que locum tenens, Archiepiscopus Ephesinus Patriarchae Anti-
ocheni Legatus, Archiepiscopus Menesiensis Ierosolymitani Pa-
triarchae personam repraesentans et Metropolita Yberius
Regis Yberiae Apocrisarius, Archiepiscopus Trapesuntae,
Archiepiscopus Risicu, Archiepiscopus Nicaenus, Archiepisco-
pus Lacedemoniesnsis, Archiepiscopus Nicomediensis, Archi-
episcopus Triuoniensis, Amasiensis, Mitilenensis, Toloson, Stau-
ropol, Tustricensis, Garinensis, Mellentenensis, Achiliensis, Mul-
dulanus Archiepiscopi. Post quorum consessum erant sex, Pres-
byterorum habitum gerentes, Metropolitae Ecclesiae Constanti-
nopolitanae, Cruciseri appellati eo, quod Crucem supra pileum,
60
ultra communem Presbyterorum habitum, gestabant; et Mona-
chorum venerabilis comitiua suo ordine saquebatur.
Ludovico: Quis habitus Patriarchae, aliorumve Archiepisco-
porum fuerat?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ludovico: Sed Imperatori non aderant aliqui ex secularibus?
Andreas: Seculares quidam Graecorum propre Imperatoris
tribunal in scamno quodam propre terram consederant, in op-
positum assistentium summo Pontifici; primus Despotus Servi-
ae, et Nobilis quidam Imperatoris Trapezundae mandatum ha-
bens; Quidamve Regis Iberiae Orator, habitu ab alijs differens,
bireto rotundo lapidibus pluribus exornato, aurove contexto, ac
duo Apocrisarij Principis Valachiae.
Ludovico: Sed quis erat secularium apparatus?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 A c t a Sacri Oecumenici Concilii Florentini ab Horatio
Iustiniano. Bibliothecae Vaticanae Custode Primario, Collecta,
Disposita, Illustrata, Romae, MDCXXXVIII.
i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da
wingsacavebSi, gv. 280-281.
qarTvelTa monawileoba ferara-florenciis
msoflio saeklesio krebaze
61
nawyveti florenciis wminda msoflio
saeklesio krebis oqmidan
1
`saubari da kamaTi laTinelebsa da berZnebs Soris flo-
renciis msoflio saeklesio krebaze. samociqulo konsistori-
is romis patriciasa da advokats andrea di santa kroCes
saubari ludoviko pontanosTan, Canaweri dialogis saxiT.
ludoviko: krebis dros sad ijda berZenTa imperatori?
andrea: centridan marcxniv idga taxti iseTive, rogoric
romis imperatoris kaTedra iyo. misgan marjvniv skamze ijda
imperatoris Zma dimitri _ moreis
2
mTavari.
ludoviko: ganagrZe saubari sasuliero pirebis ganlage-
bis Sesaxeb.
andrea: pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis
savarZeli. patriarqi SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas
ver eswreboda. man gamogzavna specialuri mimarTva, romel-
ic sajarod waikiTxes. qvemoT sityvasityviT mogaxsenebT am
mimarTvis Sinaarss.
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen: herak-
liis arqiepiskoposi (romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis
kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili ekava), antioqiis
patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _ efesiis arqiepiskoposi, ieru-
salimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ meneziis arqiepisko-
posi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mit-
ropoliti
3
.
amaT Semdeg isxdnen trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis, lakedemo-
niis, nikomediis, trivoniis, amasiis, mitilenis, tolozinos,
stavropolis
4
, tustricis, garinis, melentenis, aqilis, mul-
dulis arqiepiskoposebi.
Semdeg modiodnen: eqvsi presviterianuli wodebis mqone
62
pirovneba, konstantinopolis eklesiis mitropolitebi _
jvarosnebad wodebulni, vinaidan maT Tavsamkaulze Cveulebrivi
mRvdlebisagan gansxvavebiT jvris niSani hqondaT. maT Semdeg
ganlagebulni iyvnen RirsSesaniSnavi berebi, TavianTi wesis
mixedviT~.
ludovikos Semdegi SekiTxva exeba patriarqebisa da ar-
qiepiskoposebis Cacmulobas. andrea aRuwers mas am Cacmu-
lobas.
`ludoviko: imperators ar axldnen saero pirebi?
andrea: imperatoris savarZlis gverdiT skamze ijda ram-
denime saero piri. papis
5
Tanmxlebi pirebis pirdapir isxd-
nen: serbiis mTavari, trapezuntis imperatoris mandatis mqone,
iberiis mefis elCi
6
(romelic yvelasagan gansxvavdeboda Tavi-
si CacmulobiT, mravali Zvirfasi qviT Semkuli mrgvali oqro-
qsovili qudiT) da valaxiis batonis ori warmomadgeneli~.
Semdeg ludoviko ekiTxeba saero pirTa Cacmulobis Sesaxeb
da andrea saTanado pasuxs aZlevs
7
.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 Acta Sacri Oecumenici Concilii Florentini ab Horatio Iustiniano. Biblio-
thecae Vaticanae Custode Primario. Collecta, Disposita, Illustrata, Romae,
MDCXXXVIII, pp. 68-73.
2 morei _ laTinelebma dapyrobis Semdeg (1205 w.) mas daarqves
peloponesi. moreis samTavrom iarseba 1430 wlamde.
3 xazi Cemia. am dros saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi iyo dav-
iT III gobelaZe (1435-1439 ww.).
4 dRes yara-su TurqeTSi.
5 am dros romis papi iyo evgenius IV (1431-1447 ww.).
6 xazi Cemia.
7 am àqtebSi~ saqarTvelo (iberia) sam adgilasaa moxseniebuli.
i. tabaRua, saq. evropis arqivebsa da wingsacavebSi, gv. 214-215.
63
!&'"()&' '&*!+$,-!
64
qarTuli saeklesio diaspora ucxoeTSi
samwuxarod, amJamad iseve, rogorc Zvelad, CvenSi Se-
qmnili viTarebis gamo mravalma qarTvelma miaSura ucx-
oeTs. maT ar unda gawyviton kavSiri deda eklesiasTan,
TavianTi Tavi mxolod qarTuli eklesiis mrevlad, mis
wevrebad unda CaTvalon.
warRvnis Semdgom ufalma RmerTma dedamiwaze sxva-
dasxva erebis warmoqmna ineba. Cveni macxovris ieso
qristes amaRlebis Semdgom suliwmidis madliT mo-
ciqulebs mieniWaT niWi sxvadasxva erebis enebze
ametyvelebisa. msoflio marTlmadidebloba pativs scems
yvela xalxis erovnul niSan-Tvisebebs, amitomac marTl-
madidebluri eklesiebi erovnuli niSnis mixedviTaa
mowyobili. adgilobrivi eklesiebi TavianT mrevls ara
mxolod TavianT qveynebSi, aramed ucxoeTSic mwysian.
magaliTad, rusul eklesias ucxoeTSi, Tavisi qveynis
sazRvrebs gareT, ormilioniani mrevli hyavs. es imas
niSnavs, rom ucxoeTSi rusebis ZiriTadi nawili ar xde-
ba mrevli sxva, Tundac marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa
da Tavisi mSobliuri rusuli eklesiis wevrad rCeba.
TavianTi erovnuli eklesiebi mraval qveyanaSi aqvT
agreTve bulgarelebs, ruminelebs da sxva marTlma-
didebel xalxebs. berZnebi, sadac ar unda cxovrobdnen
isini, ZiriTadad mxolod berZnuli eklesiis wevrebi
xdebian (e.i. ar inaTlebian, ar loculoben, araviTar
wesebs ar asruleben sxva eklesiebSi da sulieri kavSi-
ri mxolod berZen (berZnuli eklesiis) RvTismsaxurebTan
aqvT. msgavsadve iqcevian ara marTlmadidebeli erebic,
magaliTad, somxebs msoflios mraval qveyanasa da did
qalaqSi aqvT TavianTi somxuri saepiskoposoebi.
65
sxva erebSi asimilirebisagan Tavis asarideblad ms-
gavsadve unda moiqcnen ucxoeTSi dRes ukve mravlad mcx-
ovrebi qarTvelebic. isini wevrni unda iyvnen mxolod da
mxolod qarTuli eklesiisa, maT erovnul sarwmunoebrivi
Temebi unda Camoayalibon da qarTveli RvTismsaxuri moiZ-
ion, romelic ierarqiulad qristes kvarTis eklesias _
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos da mis meTaurs, mociqulis
taxtze mjdom kaTalikos-patriarqs daeqvemdebareba.
Zvelad, saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlam-
de, ucxoeTis qveynebSi mravlad arsebobdnen qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi; isini ara mxolod qarTuli kul-
turis kerebs, aramed TavianTi pirdapiri daniSnulebis
Sesabamisad ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel morwmuneTa sam-
revlo centrebsac warmoadgendnen, saidanac isini suli-
erad imwysebodnen. es eklesia-monastrebi saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo da saeklesio moRvaweTa mzrunvelobiT
iyvnen moculni.
erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom
maT yuradRebas veRar aqcevdnen, mrevlic Sesustda da
daifanta. amJamad ucxoeTSi saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi arc erTi qarTuli eklesia-mon-
asteri aRar arsebobs (werili dawerilia 1993 wels).
bolo wlebSi qarTvelTa raodenobis zrda ucxoeT-
Si Zveli tradiciis aRdgenas saWiroebs, radgan maT STa-
momavlobas erovnuli gadagvarebisa da sxva erebSi
gaTqvefisagan mxolod qarTul eklesiasTan sulieri
erToba gadaarCens.
rogorc aRiniSna, ucxoeTSi, sxvadasxva qalaqebsa Tu
regionebSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma sulieri Zala unda
moikribon da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Temebi da sazoga-
doebebi unda Seqmnan. rac mTavaria, maT unda gamoZeb-
non da Temebis saTaveSi Caayenon saqarTvelos eklesia-
66
sTan ierarqiulad dakavSirebuli RvTismsaxurebebi: mx-
olod mas _ qarTvel mRvdels unda moanaTlinon Svile-
bi, Seasrulebinon yovelgvari sarwmunoebrivi wesi. Tu
aseTi erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Temebi eklesiis agebas
ver SeZleben, RvTismsaxurebisaTvis mcire Senoba an
oTaxi unda gamonaxon, sadac qarTveli mRvdeli ilo-
cebs da qristianul wesebs Seasrulebs. qarTveli RvTsm-
saxuris garSemo TandaTanobiT Camoyalibdeba sasulie-
ro centri, mcire skola, sadac qarTveli axalgazrdebi
qarTul wera-kiTxvas, literaturasa da samSoblos is-
torias Seiswavlian da ucxoeTSic qarTuli suliskveT-
ebiT aRizrdebian.
msgavsadve funqcionireben ucxoeTSi sxva marTlma-
didebeli erebis sasuliero kerebi, romelnic ise arian
gaZlierebulni, rom erovnuli kolejebi, gamomcemlobe-
bi, stambebi da sxva dawesebulebebi aqvT.
TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovre-
bi yoveli qarTveli movalea daicvas erovnuli eklesi-
is erTguleba, radganac, rogorc iTqva, ufalma, maradis
mfarvelma Cveni erisa, qarTuli eklesiisagan gandgoma
saqarTvelos arcerT Svils ar apatia. rogorc aRiniSna,
qarTuli eklesiisagan ganSorebuli qarTvelebi gaTurqd-
nen, garusdnen, gaberZdnen an asimilirdnen sxva erebSi.
vevedrebiT Cvengan maradis sadidebel yovladwmida
samebas kvlav wyalobiT moxedos RvTismSoblis wilx-
vedr Cvens ers, Tanaxmad Cveni uflisa da macxovaris
ieso qristes aRTqmisa da Segviwyalos Cven da ucxoeTSi
mcxovrebi Cveni qveynis yoveli Svili, amin.
(nawyveti wignidan `saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari~,
1994 w. gv. 139-144).
67
marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxi qarTuli
saeklesio wyaroebis mixedviT
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi ukanaskneli aswleulis
manZilze gamoTqvamen survils mowveul iqnas msoflio
saeklesio kreba. VII msoflio krebis Semdeg marTlma-
dideblobas daugrovda mravali sakiTxi, romelTa ganx-
ilva msoflio saeklesio krebis kompetenciaa. rogorc
cnobilia, XX s-is 20-ian wlebSi, intensiuri muSaoba mim-
dinareobda msoflio krebis mosawvevad, romelic ar
Sedga. II msoflio omis gamo Senelebuli muSaoba ganax-
lda gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. amJamad, ramdenime
weliwadSi erTxel iwveven e.w. msoflio krebis mosamza-
debel TaTbirebs. am SekrebaTa mizania moamzados mo-
maval msoflio krebaze gansaxilveli sakiTxebi. sul 10
sakiTxi unda iqnas am momaval did krebaze ganxiluli.
maT Sorisaa marTlmadidebeli diasporis sakiTxi.
diaspora _ xalxis, eTnikuri erTobis mniSvnelovani naw-
ilis samSoblos gareT cxovrebaa, msgavsadve marTlma-
didebel diasporas warmoadgens sakuTari erovnuli ek-
lesiis gareT msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mcxovrebi mrev-
li. maTi saeklesio iurisdiqcia amJamad sadavo sakiTxia.
TiTqmis yvela avtokefalur eklesias ucxoeTSi gaaC-
nia samrevloebi da saepiskoposoebi. magaliTad, rumine-
Tis sapatriarqos Tavisi saepiskoposoebi aqvs dasavleT
evropasa da amerikaSi, msgavsadve bulgareTis eklesias
bulgareli mrevlisaTvis ucxoeTSi gaaCnia Tavisi
saepiskoposoebi, ruseTis sapatriarqos Tavisi episko-
posebi hyavs evropisa da amerikis mraval qalaqSi _ ve-
68
naSi, berlinSi, briuselSi, argentinaSi, serbeTis sapa-
triarqos serbi mrevlisaTvis episkoposebi hyavs amerika-
Si, kanadaSi, avstraliaSi, evropaSi, ukrainis eklesiasac
ki ucxoeTSi hyavs Tavisi episkoposebi, da cxadia, uam-
ravi saepiskoposo aqvs konstantinopolisa da sxva sap-
atriarqoebs.
aqedan Cans, rom dResdReobiT iseTi istoriuli su-
raTi Camoyalibda, rom qveyanaSi, sadac ar aris adgi-
lobrivi eklesia, qristianebi aarseben erovnuli niS-
nis mixedviT samrevloebs, religiur-kulturul cen-
trebs, rac sabolood iwvevs saepiskoposoebis warmoqm-
nas. saepiskoposoebi ki erovnuli sapatriarqosa da ek-
lesiebis iurisdiqciis qveS Sedian. eTnikuri religiur-
kulturuli centrebi da saepiskoposoebi xels uwyoben
ucxoeTSi, ucxo garemoSi mcxovrebi xalxis erovnul-
religiuri TviTSemecnebis, marTlmadidebluri mrwam-
sis SenarCunebasa da ganmtkicebas.
es ZiriTadad Seexeba dasavleT evropisa da amerikis
im qveynebs, sadac ar aris adgilobrivi avtokefaluri
eklesiebi. aseT mdgomareobas, cxadia, gaaCnia droebiTi
xasiaTi. normaluri saeklesio cxovrebis mowyoba aRniS-
nul qveynebSi sabolood miiyvans maT axali avtonomi-
uri da avtokefaluri eklesiebis warmoSobamde, magram
am dromde diasporas iurisdiqcia rCeba rTul sakiTx-
ad, iwvevs uTanxmoebasa da kamaTs. am kamaTis gadawyve-
tisas, avtokefalur eklesiaTa Soris, mxedvelobaSi unda
iqnas miRebuli sxvadasxva garemoeba, maT Soris TviTon
diasporas neba. faqtia, rom ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi marTl-
madideblebi samrevloebs qmnian swored erovnuli niS-
nis mixedviT. aseTia realuri faqti. XX s-Si marTlma-
69
didebeli diaspora amerikasa da dasavleT evropaSi
mravaljer gaizarda marTlmadidebelTa gadasaxlebi-
sa da, agreTve, marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaSi sxva
aRmsareblobis qristianTa gadmosvlis Sedegad. ramac
kidev ufro gaaRrmava saeklesio iurisdiqciis gayofis
problema. konstantinopolis sapatriarqom wamoayena
axla ukve moZvelebuli swavleba msoflio anu konstan-
tinopolis gansakuTrebul uflebaTa Sesaxeb diasporas
mimarT. konstantinopolis swavlebas, rom piradad mis
iurisdiqciaSi unda gadavides dasavleT evropisa da
amerikis diaspora, amJamad uaryofilia adgilobrivi
eklesiebis umravlesobis mier. rusuli eklesia am sur-
vils uwodebs `mTlianad axalsa da iqamde eklesiis is-
toriisaTvis ucnob pretenzias~ (Hrnnn, Hepkornoe nparo, c.
203). konstantinopoli am Tavis swavlebis safuZvlad
miuTiTebs qalkedonis krebis 28-e kanons. rusul ekle-
sias miaCnia, rom ara qalkedonis 28-e kanonis gamo imyo-
feboda ruseTis mrevli aswleulebis manZilze konstan-
tinopolis kanonikuri daqvemdebarebis qveS, aramed
ZvelTaganve msoflio eklesiaSi daculi normis Sesabam-
isad, romlis mixedviTac eklesia momaqceveli araqris-
tiani xalxisa, gadaiqceoda axali eklesiisaTvis dedaek-
lesiad. rusuli eklesia miiCnevs, rom qalkedonis kreb-
is 28-e kanonis arsebobis miuxedavad iveriis anu saqarTve-
los axalmoqceuli mrevli IV s-dan imyofeboda ara kon-
stantinopolis, aramed antioqiis iurisdiqciis qveS, rac
Tavisi mosazrebis damadasturebel magaliTad miaCnia.
saqarTvelos eklesias, amaJamad, ucxoeTSi saepisko-
posoebi ar gaaCnia (werili dawerilia 1994 wels), magram
warsulSi Tavisi diasporasaTvis saqarTvelos eklesias
70
gaaCnda sakmaod mravali saepiskoposo da eklesia-monas-
trebi. is garemoeba, rom amJamad Cvens eklesias Tavisi
marTlmadidebeli diasporasaTvis ucxoeTSi ar gaaCnia
kulturul-religiuri kerebi gamowveulia gare eklesi-
uri problemebiT, kerZod, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoe-
brivi dakninebiT XV s-is Semdeg da saxelmwifoebrio-
bis gauqmebiT XIX-XX ss-Si.
iqamde, TiTqmis mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze ukve
IV-V ss-dan ucxoeTis qarTul diasporas Cveni eklesia
saTanado yaradRebas aqcevda. ucxoeTis qarTuli diaspo-
rasaTvis mcire aziis mraval mxareSi, romelic gamoir-
Ceoda ekonomikuri ganviTarebis maRali doniT, arse-
bobda qarTuli sepiskoposoebi. eseni iyvnen _ valaSker-
tis, dadaSenis, anisis, karis anu yarsis, arzrumis qarTu-
li saepiskoposoebi zogjer sakmaod daSorebulni
saqarTvelos eTnikur sazRvrebs. magaliTad, valaSker-
tis qarTuli saepiskoposo kaTedra mdebareobda vanis
tbis siaxloves md. evfratis saTaveebSi. mniSvnelovani
iyo dadaSenisa da anisis saepiskoposoebi, daarsebulni,
rogorc iTqva, ucxoeTis am mxareSi mcxovrebi qarTve-
li marTlmadideblebisaTvis. arzrumis qarTuli
saepiskoposo osmaleTis imperiaSi arsebobda XVII s-Sic
ki, gamahmadianebas gadarCenili qarTvelebisaTvis. zo-
gierTi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, wyaroebSi xSirad moxseneb-
uli `golgoTeli~ iyo ierusalimSi mdebare golgoTas
qarTuli monastris winamZRvari episkoposis wodebiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi am saepiskoposoTagan
daarsda iqamde, sanam am mxareTa momcveli miwa-wyali
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sevidoda.
71
saqarTvelos eklesia did yuradRebas uTmobda Tavis
eTnikur mrevls Soreul ucxoeTSi. ierusalimSi ara
mxolod qarTuli moastrebi arsebobda qarTveli bere-
bisaTvis, aramed arsebobda qalaqis eklesiebi qarTuli
saero mrevlisaTvis. es ucxoeTis qarTuli eklesia-mo-
nastrebi iyvnen ara mxolod sarwmunoebrivi kerebi sa-
suliero pirebisaTvis, aramed erovnuli centrebi ucx-
oeTSi gadaxvewili qarTveli saero pirebisaTvis,
romelnic aarsebdnen da afinansebdnen kidec maT. amis
mkafio magaliTia petriwonis monasteri, romelic ara
sasuliero pirebma, aramed qarTvelma saero moRvaweebma
grigol da abas bakurianis Zeebma daaarses, romelTac
mematiane `qveynis Cvenis moqalaqeT~ uwodebda.
rogorc aRiniSna, ierusalimSi qarTveli mrevli-
saTvis IV s-danve arsebobda qarTuli eklesiebi, rogorc
Cans, qarTuli eklesiis wevrTa ricxvi ise gazrdila
wmida qalaqSi, rom maTTvis qarTveli episkoposic dauni-
SnavT. Cans, misi saydari uflis saflavze agebul vrcel
taZarSi iyo, romelic golgoTasac moicavda. wmida
grigol feraZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTveli episko-
posis saxeli III-IV ss-is berZnuli saflavis epitafias
Semounaxavs _ `saflavi (samuil) qarTvelTa episkopo-
sisa da monastrisa, romelic maT (e.i. qarTvelebma) dav-
iTis koSkSi SeiZines~ (gr. feraZe, `cnobebi ierusalimis
qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb~, 1925, gv. 26). V s-Si iustini-
anes aRudgenia, aseve lazebis eklesia iordanes udabno-
Si (iqve, gv. 82). VII s-is somex piligrims moxsenebuli aqvs
`gogarenTa (e.i. qarTvelTa) monasteri~ (iqve, gv. 27).
grigol feraZis sityviT XI s-Si ierusalimSi qarTveli
episkoposi ijda, igi wers: `golgoTas nawili miiRo
72
qarTvelTa mefem bagrat kurapalatma, romelmac iq
qarTvelTa episkoposi daniSna~ (iqve, gv. 28). `1050, 1583 da
1584 wlebis cnobaTa mixedviT golgoTaze qarTveli
episkoposebi iyvnen~ (iqve, gv. 93). XVI s-dan ierusalimSi
ijda ori qarTveli episkoposi, erTi mcxeTis, meore ki
afxazTa sakaTalikosodan (iqve, gv. 163). 1583 w. `jvris mon-
asterSi TviT qarTvelma episkoposma miiRo stumrebi da
moemsaxura maT 1583 w.~ (iqve, gv. 124).
es iyo xana saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi siZlierisa,
roca qarTul droSaze gamoxatuli iyo wm. giorgi.
wm. grigol feraZe wers: `roca qarTvelebi wmida qalaq-
Si Sediodnen, amayad frialebdnen maTi droSebi, romle-
bzec jvari da wmida giorgi iyo gamosaxuli~ (gr. feraZe,
cnobebi palestinis qarTuli monastrebis Sesaxeb, 1995, gv. 120).
kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistratec aRniSnavs:
`saqarTvelos erovnul droSaze wmida giorgia gamoxat-
uli~ (k. cincaZe, `qaSveTis eklesia~, 1994, 122, SeniSvna 12).
rogorc aRiniSna, amJamad ucxoeTSi marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiebi aarseben mniSvnelovan saganmanaTleblo
kerebs, kerZod, uqmnian ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TavianT Tan-
amemamuleebs savaneebsa da saswavleblebs, bavSvebis
erovnuli suliskveTebiT aRsazrdelad, dedaenis dasau-
fleblad, agreTve, poliklinikebsa da sastumroebs. ms-
gavsadve warsulSi, qarTuli eklesiis RvawliT, petri-
wonis monasterSi arsebobda qarTveli ymawvilebisaTvis
seminaria, qsenoni _ moxucebisaTvis, sastumroebi bizan-
tiaSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa saWiroebisaTvis.
rogorc aRiniSna, ucxoeTSi qarTuli saepiskoposoe-
bis Seqmna Sewyda XIX s-is Semdeg, rac gauqmda saqarTve-
los avtokefalia. amis Semdeg ucxoeTSi gasuli qarTvelo-
73
ba, rogorc wesi, mrevli xdeboda ucxo eklesiebisa, rac
maT erovnul gadagvarebas iwvevs. mSobliuri saekle-
sio garemos ararsebobis gamo qarTvelebi miekedlnen
ara mxolod berZnul da sxva marTlmadidebel eklesie-
bs, aramed aramarTlmadideblur eklesiebsac ki. kerZod,
qarTvelebis erTi nawili ucxoeTSi miekedla somxur
eklesias. es SeumCneviaT ucxoel damkvirveblebsac. is-
torikosi evgeni dalejio gaocebuli iyo imiT, rom XX
s-is dasawyisSi konstantinopolSi mcxovrebi qarTvele-
bi gadaiqcnen somxuri eklesiis mrevlad da amis gamo
dakarges qarTuli TviTSemecneba. evgeni dalejio wer-
da asi wlis win: `Cven jer kidev ver gamogvikvlevia, ram
aiZula konstantinopolis qristiani qarTvelebis naw-
ili uareyoT qarTveloba da somxebad eRiarebinaT Tavi.
am gadagvarebulTa Soris SedarebiT cotani arian,
romelTac TavianTi gvari kidev axsovT. sxvaTa Soris,
davasaxeleb cxadaias, gurjianebis, azizianebis, Tuma-
nianebis, zurabianebis ojaxebs, romlebic Tumc ar uary-
ofen, rom qarTvelebis STamomavlebi arian, magram dRes
Tavs qarTvelebad aRar aRiareben~ (`qarTvelebi konstan-
tinopolsa da saberZneTSi~, Tb., 1990, gv. 20).
asi wlis win, XX s-is dasawyisSi es ucxoeli istori-
kosi mouwodebda saqarTveloSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs
SeeqmnaT ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis kultu-
ruli dawesebulebebi, sadac `yvela rwmenisa da miswrafe-
bis qarTvels Tavisuflad SeeZleba misvla da muSaoba,
rogorc es aqvT sxva xalxTa axalSenebs~ (iqve, gv. 20).
amJamad, sabednierod, 200 wlovani Sesvenebis Semdeg
Cvenma xalxma kvlav Seqmna erovnuli saxelmwifo, amit-
omac unda gamoiTqvas imedi, rom saqarTvelos marTl-
74
madidebeli eklesia, aRadgens Tavis Zvel tradicias da
Soreul ucxoeTSi gasuli Tavisi mrevlisaTvis Seqmnis
kulturul-sarwmunoebriv kerebs, skolebsa da sabavS-
vo baRebs, qsenonebsa da savaneebs, eklesiebsa da saepisko-
posoebs, sadac qarTvelebi ganimtkiceben mamapapeul wmi-
da sarwmunoebas, Seiswavlian qarTul enas da saqarTve-
los istorias, Rirseulad aRzrdian TavianT bavSvebs
Cveni eklesiis mzrunvelobis qveS.
sabolood unda iTqvas, rom diasporas sakiTxi,
romelic erT-erTi umTavresi sakiTxia, sabolood gada-
wydeba momaval msoflio saeklesio krebaze, iqamde ki
mimdinareobs muSaoba am sakiTxis SesaTanxmeblad.
statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan _
rCevebi ucxoeTSi wamsvlel qarTvelebs, 2002, gv. 26-43
75
wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli marTlmadide-
belTaSorisi komisiis gadawyvetileba marTlmadide-
bluri diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
(Sambezi, 7-13 noemberi, 1993)
marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSire-
biT `marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida da didi krebis
mosamzadebeli samdivnos~ mier gamocemuli wignis `Me-
xnporac:arnaz no(roorne:rnaz kovnccnz Crzoro n Be:nkoro Coo-
pa, 7-13 nozpz 1993~ (Hparoc:arnrn nenpBce:enckon Hapnapxnn,
Havesn, Xenera, 1994) mixedviT msoflioSi marTlmadide-
bluri diasporas organizaciis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb uka-
nasknel aTwleulebSi gamoiTqva mravali mosazreba
gamoCenili RvTismetyvelebis, RvTismsaxurebis da erisk-
acTa mier, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac diasporas sa-
kiTxi Setanili iqna momaval wmida da did saeklesio
krebis dRis wesrigSi (ix. dasax. naSr. gv. 24). aRniSnul sa-
kiTxTan dakavSirebiT adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiebis mier momzadebuli Sromebis safuZvelze re-
komendacia gaica diasporas saeklesio organizacia moew-
yos pirveli msoflio krebebis mier dadgenili samit-
ropolito sistemis Sesabamisad, ise, rom igi ar Seexos
diasporas yvelaze ufro mgrZnobiare _ nacionalur
mxares. sakiTxi ganxiluli iqna `wmida da didi krebis
mosamzadebeli marTlmadidebelTaSorisi komisiis~ mier
SambezSi (Jeneva) 1993 wlis 7-13 noembers. msoflio mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis mTlianobis SeubRalaobis
mizniT gadawyda ucxoeTSi arsebul erovnul diaspora-
Ta mimarT dedaeklesiebis nacionaluri grZnobebi mTli-
76
anad iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli (iqve, gv. 24), amave dros
komisiam gadawyvita msoflios is teritoriebi, sadac ar
arsebobs adgilobrivi avtokefaluri marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiebi, dayofili iqnas regionebad. erT rome-
lime aseT regionSi saeklesio kanonikur iurisdiqcias
ganaxorcielebs e.w. èpiskoposTa kreba~, romelSic war-
modgenili iqneba regionSi arsebuli diasporebis na-
cionaluri episkoposebi. sakiTxis sruli gagebis mizniT
ganimarta, rom aRniSnul èpiskoposTa kreba~ berZnu-
lad iwodeba èpiskope sinelefsis~, frangulad ànsam-
ble episkopal~, rusulad `sobornaia~ da a.S. gadawyda,
rom Seiqmnas sul 8 regioni.
regionebi, romlebSic Seiqmneba èpiskoposTa kreba~
aris Semdegi:
1. Crdilo da centraluri amerika;
2. samxreT amerika;
3. avstralia;
4. didi britaneTi;
5. safrangeTi;
6. belgia da holandia;
7. avstria da italia;
8. germania.
regionSi èpiskoposTa krebas~ qmnian am regionSi my-
ofi kanonikurad aRiarebuli episkoposebi, amasTanave
isini agrZeleben kanonikuri iurisdiqciisadmi daqvem-
debarebas (iqve, gv. 27). magaliTad àvtraliis~ regionSi
myofi ruminuli diasporas episkoposi, romelic kanon-
ikurad aris aRiarebuli rumineTis sapatriarqos mier,
viTarca misadmi damorCilebuli, Seyvanili iqneba aRniS-
nuli àvstraliis regionis~ episkoposTa sabWos wevrad.
77
amasTanave, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom regionis episkopos-
Ta sabWos wevrad arCeuli diasporas episkoposi unda
cxovrobdes diasporaSi da unda gaaCndes samrevlo
mocemul regionSi (iqve, gv. 218).
komisia regionalur episkoposTa sabWos ganixilavs
viTarca gardamaval stadias. sabolood ki, albaT, re-
gionebSi TandaTanobiT Camoyalibdeba damoukidebeli
avtokefaluri eklesiebi erovnul diasporaTa enobrivi,
nacionaluri da sxva kulturuli Taviseburebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT (iqve, gv. 28). regionebSi SesaZlo avtoke-
falur eklesiaTa Camoyalibeba sasurvelia moxdes wmi-
da da didi saeklesio krebis mowvevamde. aRiniSna, rom
erT romelime adgilze (qalaqSi an olqSi) unda iyos
mxolod erTi episkoposi (I msoflio krebis kanoni).
gadawyda, regionis èpiskoposTa krebis~ (`konferenci-
is~) muSaoba warimarTeba diptixis Sesabamisad, diptix-
Si pirvelis, konstantinopolis eklesiis mRvdelmTavar-
is TavjdomareobiT, misi ar yofnis SemTxvevaSi diptix-
is rigis Sesabamisad. regionis episkoposTa krebam unda
Camoayalibos aRmasrulebeli komiteti. igi Sedgenili
iqneba am regionis sxvadasxva iurisdiqciis pirveli ier-
arqebis mier (magaliTad, Tu avstraliis regionSi aris
ramodenime rumineli episkoposi, aRmasrulebel ko-
mitetSi Seva maT Soris pirveli).
1993 wlis 7-13 noembris `marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli komisiis~ muSaoba-
Si monawileobdnen msoflio (konstantinopolis),
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ruseTis, serbeTis, rumineTis,
bulgareTis sapatriarqoebis, kviprosis, eladis, polo-
neTis, albaneTis, Cexoslovakiisa da fineTis eklesiaTa
78
warmomadgenlebi. am Sexvedras, aRniSnuli wignis mixed-
viT, qarTuli eklesiis delegacia ar eswreboda. krebis
monawile eklesiebma aiRes valdebuleba araferi imo-
qmedon zemoTaRniSnuli diasporas sakiTxis gadawyve-
tis procesis dasabrkoleblad, maT Soris diasporaSi
ukve arsebul eparqiaTa garda axalTa Sesaqmnelad. es
valdebuleba ar exeba saqarTvelos eklesias, radganac
misi delegacia ar eswreboda aRniSnul krebas.
1993 wlisaTvis ucxoeTSi qarTuli marTlmadidebe-
li diaspora TiTqmis ar arsebobda, amdenad Cveni ek-
lesiisaTvis diasporas sakiTxi ar iyo aqtualuri, ma-
gram, radganac XX s-is 90-iani wlebis Semdeg sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlisa da iqamde arsebuli sazRvrebis gauqme-
bis kvaldakval ucxoeTSi TiTqmis milioni qarTveli
gadavida sacxovreblad, saswavleblad da samuSaod, Se-
sabamisad unda Camoyalibdes qarTuli marTlmadidebe-
li saeklesio diaspora, samomavlod mas iseTive yura-
dReba unda miapyros saqarTvelos eklesiam, viTarca
Tavis ucxoeTSi mcxovreb eTnikur mrevls aqceven sxva
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi. usaTuod, maTi magaliTis
Sesabamisad, ucxoeTSi unda warmoiqmnas da Camoyalib-
des qarTuli samrevloebi saqarTvelodan gasuli mar-
Tlmadidebeli mrevlisaTvis. saswrafod, yvela zemoT
CamoTvlil regionSi unda Camoyalibdes Tundac erTi
qarTuli saepiskoposo, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iuris-
diqciis qveS, raTa qarTveli episkoposic Sevides `re-
gionis episkoposTa sabWoSi~. regionis qarTvelma episko-
posma unda daicvas ucxoeTis qarTveli mrevlis enobrivi,
nacionaluri da kulturuli saxe, rasac moiTxovs kidec
1993 wlis Sambezis aRniSnuli komisiis suliskveTeba.
79
wmida saxarebiseuli igavis mixedviT, romelic Seexe-
ba `meaTerTmete muSakis~ gulmowyale anazRaurebas,
saqarTvelos eklesias ufleba aqvs gaixaros ucxoeTSi
Tavisi saepiskoposoebis daarsebiT. igulisxmeba, rom
yvela msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesias ucxoeTSi aqvs
erovnuli saepiskoposo, romelTa episkoposebi qmnian
kidec `regionebis episkoposTa sabWoebs~, maT msgavsad
es ufleba micemuli aqvs qarTul eklesiasac.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dasavleT evropaSi, amerikasa
da avstraliaSi yalibdeba 8 marTlmadidebluri regio-
ni èpiskoposTa krebis~ kanonikuri xelmZRvanelobiT.
SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad episkoposTa krebasa da mis aRmas-
rulebel komitetSi msoflios yvela diasporas ekle-
sias eyoleba Tavisi warmomadgeneli episkoposi, samwux-
arod qarTveli episkoposis garda, radganac mxolod
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ara hyavs ucxoeTSi Tavisi
episkoposi. amis gamo sasurvelia rvave zemoTaRniSnul
regionSi droulad daarsdes qarTuli saepiskoposoe-
bi, risTvisac saWiroa diasporaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis
saeklesio aqtiuroba rac maT mier qarTuli eklesiebis
(samrevloebis) daarsebiT unda gamoixatos, es eklesie-
bi iqcevian kidec daiasporas qarTuli saepiskoposoeb-
is daarsebis safuZvlad.
rvave dasaxelebul regionSi (Crdilo da centralur
amerikaSi, avstraliaSi, did britaneTSi, safrangeTSi,
belgiasa da holandiaSi, avstriasa da italiaSi, germa-
niaSi) mcxovrebma qarTvelebma TavianTi siyvaruli Cve-
ni macxovaris ieso qristesa da qarTvelTa mfarvel
dedaRvTismSoblis mimarT, unda gamoxaton qarTuli ek-
lesiebis, qarTuli marTlmadidebluri samrevloebis
80
daarsebiT, rac safuZvlad iqceva maTi STamomavlobis
gamravlebisa, keTildReobisa da RvTisagan kurTxevisa
mSobliuri enisa da kulturis SenarCunebiT. es safuZve-
li gaxdeba rvave dasaxelebul regionSi qarTuli
saepiskoposoebis daarsebisa, qarTul diasporaTa gan-
mtkiceba-gaZlierebisa.
Cvenda sasixarulod misi uwmidesobisa da unetareso-
bis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis iuris-
diqciaSi, amJamad, ukve Sevida ucxoeTSi qarTuli diaspo-
ras axlaxan daarsebuli eklesiebi q. briuselSi (bel-
gia) wmida Tamar mefis saxelobisa, q, miunxenSi (germa-
nia) wmida vaxtang gorgaslis saxelobisa, q. strasburg-
Si wmida qeTevanis saxelobisa, qarTvel mRvdels qarTu-
li samrevloebi q. hamburgSi (germania), q. diuseldorf-
Si (germania), q. londonSi, q. Jenevasa da q. lionSi.
yovelmxriv unda SeewyoT xeli maTTvis mzrunvel da
maT damaarsebel qarTvelebs. am samrevloebsa da ek-
lesiebSi moRvawe Tavdadebul da gulmxurvale saekle-
sio pirebs, romelTac ician Tu ra mZime mdgomareoba-
Sia ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba, romelTac ar mia-
toves isini am mZime gasaWirSi da viTarc keTilma mwyem-
sebma moiZies da upatrones saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSi
gadakargul Tavis xalxs, Tavis mrevls. keTili mwyemsis
magaliTis Sesabamisad bolo wlebSi saqarTvelodan
ucxoeTSi gasul TiTqmis milion qarTvels unda mixe-
don qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma, qarTveloba da mar-
Tlmadidebloba SeunarCunon maT.
3 noemberi, 2001 w.
statia amoRebulia mitropolit anania jafariZis wignidan _
rCevebi ucxoeTSi wamsvlel qarTvelebs, 2002, gv. 44-57
81
s a r C e v i
!"#!$!' '&*!+$,-!
diptixis Sesaxeb .......................................................................................... 5
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili
marTlmadideblur diptixSi ............................................................ 12
saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili
msoflio diptixSi ................................................................................... 18
qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis
`msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze......................................................... 25
qarTveli episkoposebi ferara-florenciis
krebaze (1438) ................................................................................................. 33
mefeT mefe monazoni aleqsandre didi .................................... 40
msjelobani diptixis sakiTxze........................................................ 42
qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi
(jdomisa da dgomis wesi) .................................................................... 46
dokumenturi masalebi. ucxouri wyaroebi ......................... 59
!&'"()&' '&*!+$,-!
qarTuli saeklesio diaspora ucxoeTSi .............................. 67
marTlmadidebluri diasporas sakiTxi qarTuli
saeklesio wyaroebis mixedviT....................................................... 70
wmida da didi krebis mosamzadebeli
marTlmadidebelTaSorisi komisiis
gadawyvetileba marTlmadidebluri
diasporas sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ........................................... 78

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