Self Monitoring

The conscious process of watching one's own reading for problems and difficulties in order to successfully employ fix-up strategies.

Self monitoring
The process of checking ones on language productions to ensure that they are: Accurate in terms of syntax, lexis and phonology. Appropriate in terms of register. At an acceptable level of speed, loudness and precision. Likely to be clear to listener and reader. Likely to have the desired rhetorical impact.

Self monitoring

Balance of evidence suggests that self monitoring is selective. To prevent errors and choose the right words to say we must constantly monitor ourselves while we speak. Classic theories of monitoring have suggested that we monitor ourselves through our speech comprehension system.

Self monitoring

Speech monitoring or verbal self-monitoring is a process that checks the correctness of the speech ow. Its prime purpose is to detect and correct speech production errors, parts of the speech program or of the actual speech output that do not agree with the speakers communication purpose or with his/her general linguistic knowledge and standards (Postma, & Kolk, 1993). The monitor, according to Baars (1975) is a mechanism that listens to self-produced internal or external feedback, compares this with the intended output, identies errors, and then computes corrections by using a duplicate copy of the information originally available to the motor system.

High self-monitors

People who are high self-monitors constantly watch other people, what they do and how they respond to the behavior of others. Such people are hence very self-conscious and like to 'look good' and will hence usually adapt well to differing social situations.

The breakdown of a high selfmonitor.

Low self-monitors

On the other hand, low self-monitors are generally oblivious to how other see them and hence march to their own different drum.

A model of sentence production

Three broad stages: Conceptualisation deciding on the message (= meaning to express)

Message

Formulation turning the message into linguistic representations Grammatical encoding (finding words and putting them together) Phonological encoding (finding sounds and putting them together) A model of sentence production Articulation speaking (or writing or signing)

Lexicon Grammatical

Functio nal Processing

Form

Positional Processing

Articula tion

Process of self-monitoring
Problem detected Speech interrupted Hesitation Self-Repair produced

Error-Detection and self repair

In order for self-repairs to take place, there must be an awareness that an error is about to be, or has been produced by the speaker. self-repair is consistent with the idea that selfmonitoring occurs in the process of speech production.

Theories: Perceptual Loop Theory

This theory was presented by Levelt, (1983 -1989). It is Based on a corpus of repairs made in the spontaneous speech of adult speakers of Dutch. He formulated a theory to account for both monitoring and repairing in speech. The theory is based on the premise that speakers monitor their own speech just as they monitor the speech of others.

Perceptual Loop Theory

Levelt divided self-repairs into three major phases: (i) monitoring and interrupting speech whenever trouble is detected (ii) hesitating and pausing (characterized by the use of silent or filled pauses) (iii) repairing diffluent speech.

Perceptual Loop Theory

According to this theory, only certain-end products in the speech production are monitored. Moreover, these end-products are analyzed in a similar way as a speech of other, in other words, through speech comprehension system (Postma, 2000). A distinction is made between external and internal monitoring. External monitoring is monitoring of speech after it has been articulated and proceeds through the auditory loop, i.e. the signal enters the auditory system and is then processed by the speech comprehension system where the information is parsed and then sent to the conceptualizer. In contrast, internal monitoring is covert monitoring of speech production, i.e. monitoring that occurs prior to articulation and has access to more abstract codes, i.e. the phonological planning level.

Graphical representation of Levelts speech production model

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