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International Journal of Biology

Vol. 3, No. 2; April 2 !!

"ffect of t#e $ycelial %ultu re of Gan oder ma lucid um on &u' an (at#o genic Bacte ria

/epart'ent of Biological 0cience, 1aba %ollege of 2ec#nology (. $. B. 2 !!, 1aba, +agos, Nigeria 2el3 2345: 25;225! 4! "5 'ail3 fun,eola*ipupo7ya#oo.co' 9ecei<e*3 July !=, 2 ! Accepte*3 July 3 , 2 ! *oi3! .==3;/ijb.<3n2p!!! Abstract

2#e 'ycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum foun* in Nigeria was teste* on so'e #u'an pat#ogenic bacteria using *ual an* >eller tec#ni?ues. 2#e 'ycelial culture was acti<e against all t#e test organis's3 Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2#e bacteriu', Escherichia coli s#owe* t#e #ig#est susceptibility to t#e 'us#roo' 'ycelia at ! .@ '' on t#e first *ay of incubation w#ic# increase* to !=.2 '' on t#e fourt# *ay using t#e *ual 'et#o* w#ile Pseudomonas aeruginosa s#owe* t#e least susceptibility of =.: '' on t#e fourt# *ay. In t#e >eller 'et#o* t#e growt# of t#e test organis's were co'pletely antagoniAe* by t#e 'ycelia of Ganoderma lucidum as total in#ibition was recor*e* fro' all t#e plates. 2#ese coul* be an in*ication t#at Ganoderma lucidum can be use* in t#e )fo*ile +auretta treat'ent of *iseases cause* by t#ese organis's as well Nwanne,a as pre<enti<e 'easure against t#e'. -%orrespon*ing aut#or. Keywords: Bacteria, Ganoderma lucidum, $ycelial /epart'ent of Biological culture, (re<ention, (reat'ent 0cience, 1aba %ollege of 1. Introduction 2ec#nology (. $. B. 2 !!, Ganoderma lucidum ,nown as lingA#i in %#inese, 1aba, +agos, reis#i in Japanese, yeong#i in Borea is a 'us#roo' in t#e group co''only ,nown as polypores in t#e fa'ily Nigeria Ganodermataceae an* t#ey #a<e a worl*wi*e 2el3 23456 353 542!2 "5 *istribution in bot# tropical an* te'perate region. 'ail3 -)fo*ile, 2 =. . 2#e genus Ganoderma fruit bo*ies nwanne',a7ya#oo.co' are sessile or stipitate, wit# s#inny upper surface #a<ing *istrict conteCt. 2#ey 'ay be yellow, blac,, A. w#ite an* re**is# to purple -)fo*ile D Bi,o'o, 2 6.. ). Ganoderma species, especially Ganoderma lucidum is )g#ig#ly ran,e* 'e*icinal 'us#roo' in oriental be tra*itional 'e*icine w#ic# #as been wi*ely use* for !8e*eral %ollege of Ani'al t#e t#erapy of c#ronic *iseases of <arious etiologies. -%ar'en D Ein 2 4.. Ganoderma lucidum eCtract #as &ealt# an* (ro*uction been reporte* acti<e against Bacillus subtilis an* 2ec#nology, Pseudomonas syringes w#ic# are plant pat#ogen National Veterinary -)fo*ile et al., 2 =.. Also t#e anti'icrobial acti<ity of 9esearc# Institute, Ganoderma lucidum eCtract fro' Nigeria #as been Vo', Nigeria reporte* by -)fo*ile et al., 2 =; )fo*ile an* Bi,o'o, 2 6.. Escherichia coli is ,nown to cause gastro5 )la*ip enteritis, Staphylococcus aureus also causes foo* poisoning, <o'iting an* loss of flui*, Klebsiella upo )lufun pneumoniae causes lung abscess, bactere'ia an* Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes lung infection, ,e

urinary tract infection an* septice'ia. -Feo et al.,t#e effect of 'ycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum as 2 =; >illey et al., 2 6.. bioacti<e agent against Escherichia coli $ycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum is t#eStaphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and pri'ary stage in t#e culti<ation of t#e 'us#roo' an* Pseudomonas aeruginosa. its effect against #u'an pat#ogen see's not to #a<e 2. Materials and methods been reporte* in Nigeria. 2#is co''unication reports
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International Journal of Biology

Vol. 3, No. 2; April 2 !!

inoculate* wit# Ganoderma lucidum culture. "ac# of t#e bacteria isolate an* antagonist were place* at t#e 2.1 ushroom sample opposite si*es on t#e sa'e plate at t#e sa'e ti'e Ganoderma lucidum sa'ple was collecte* fro' -It,#e*e D 9a#e, !;6 .. 2#is was *one in triplicate National 9esearc# Institute Vo', (lateau 0tate for all t#e bacteria isolates an* all t#e plates were o Nigeria. 2#e 'us#roo' was i*entifie* by its incubate* at 2= % an* c#ec,e* *aily to 'easure t#e orna'ental truncate spores w#ic# are oblong wit# Aone of in#ibition for four consecuti<e *ays. one tapering en* an* ot#er c#aracteristics. -Goberi, 2.4.2 Interaction between t#e bacteria species an* t#e !;:6; 0'it# D 0i<ast#a'paran, 2 3; )fo*ile, 'ycelial culture of Fano*er'a luci*u' 2 @.. $ycelial culture of t#e 'us#roo' was teste* against t#e four bacteria species on agar 'e*ia using t#e 2.2 Bacteria used in the assay 'et#o* of >eller et al. -!;6=.. In t#is 'et#o* 2#e test organis's E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Ganoderma lucidum was e<aluate* for its ability to Klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa grow an* lyse t#e colonies of bacteria. 8res# (/A use* in t#is stu*y were obtaine* fro' 'icrobiology 'e*iu' was prepare*, steriliAe* an* poure* into sterile laboratory, +agos uni<ersity teac#ing #ospital, I*i5 plates. )n eac# of t#e fres#ly prepare* (/A plates two Araba +agos. "ac# of t#e bacteriu' was 'aintaine* wells were 'a*e opposite to eac# ot#er using @'' *ia'eter cor, borer. A culture *is, of :*ays ol* in sterile nutrient agar slant at 4 o%. Ganoderma lucidum was place* in one of t#e well 2.! Preparation of mushroom sample 'a*e on t#e plate using sterile cor, borer. 2#e plates $ycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was were t#en incubate* at 2= o% for 46#rs. After 46#rs of obtaine* by rinsing t#e Ganoderma lucidum sa'ple incubation a culture *is, of 24#rs ol* culture of t#e collecte* wit# sterile water for 253 'inutes, steriliAe* bacteria isolates w#ic# #a<e been a*juste* to a by wiping wit# : H alco#ol un*er aseptic con*ition concentration of ! @ was ta,en an* place* in t#e ot#er an* t#en rinse* wit# water again. >it# t#e ai* of well in t#e plate alrea*y inoculate* wit# 'ycelia of sterile scapel, t#e basi*iocarp of t#e 'us#roo' Ganoderma lucidum for 46#rs plates were t#en sa'ple was cut to eCpose t#e interior tissues, pieces o of t#e tissue were eCcise* an* place* on (/A plates incubate* at 2= % an* were c#ec,e* to 'easure an* alrea*y prepare* an* plates were t#en incubate* at 2= recor* Aone of in#ibition for four consecuti<e *ays. 3. Results o % for = *ays. 8ro' t#e *e<eloping 'ycelia, 'ycelial tissues were transferre* using inoculating nee*le to 2#e result of testing 'ycelial culture of Ganoderma fres# (/A plates an* into slant tubes an* store* in lucidum against bacteria pat#ogen Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and t#e refrigerator at 4o%. 2." #he bioassay Pseudomonas aeruginosa are presente* in tables ! an* 2. 2.4.! Inoculation of t#e bacteria isolates wit# Ganoderma lucidum using *ual 'et#o* 2#e result s#owe* t#at t#e 'ycelia growt# of In t#is 'et#o* t#e 'ycelia culture of Ganoderma Ganoderma lucidum was <ery acti<e against all t#e test lucidum was e<aluate* for its ability to grow an* lyse organis's. 2able ! s#ows t#at t#e Aone of in#ibition by t#e colonies of t#e bacteria species -It,#e*a D 9a#e, 'ycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on t#e test organis's increase* *aily. Escherichia coli s#owe* t#e #ig#est !;6 .. susceptibility of ! .@ '' on t#e first *ay w#ic# 8res# (/A plates were prepare* an* ,ept in a la'ina increase* to !4.; '' on t#e fourt# *ay an* flow in or*er to 'aintain sterility. Ising a sterile cor, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was t#e least susceptible borer of @'' *ia'eter, two wells were 'a*e at opposite e*ge of t#e fres# (/A plates, using anot#er wit# Aone of in#ibition of =.: '' on t#e fourt# *ay. sterile cor, borer a *is, culture of :*ays ol* culture 2able 2 s#ows t#e total in#ibition of all t#e test of Ganoderma lucidum was ta,en an* place* into organis's as t#e organis's were totally suppresse* by one of t#e wells pre<iously 'a*e on t#e fres# (/A t#e :*ay 5ol* culture of 'ycelia of Ganoderma plate. Anot#er sterile cor, borer of @'' *ia'eter lucidum. None of t#e pat#ogenic bacteria grew w#en was use* to ta,e a *is, culture of 24#rs ol* culture of t#e 'us#roo' was intro*uce* into t#e 'e*ia 46 #ours bacteria isolate w#ic# #as been a*juste* to a before t#e pat#ogens were inoculate*. concentration of ! @ an* inoculate* it into t#e ot#er well at t#e opposite e*ge of t#e plate alrea*y 4. Discussion
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International Journal of Biology

Vol. 3, No. 2; April 2 !!

Chinese ,ournal of ateria edica, 22, ==25==3. 8ang J.&., D G#ong J.J. -2 2.. 0ub'erge* 2#is acti<ity coul* be because w#en t#e polypore was 8er'entation of &ig#er 8ungus Ganoderma lucidium inoculate* into t#e 'e*iu' 46#rs before t#e for t#e (ro*uction of Valuable Bio5acti<e $etabolites5 intro*uction of t#e bacteria pat#ogens t#e 'ycelia of Fano*eric an* (olysacc#ari*es. Biochemical t#e 'us#roo' secrete* so'e 'etabolites w#ic# Engineering ,ournal, ! , @!. totally suppresse* t#e growt# of t#e test organis's Fao 1.&., G#ou 0.8., %#en F.+., 1e E.&., D Fao &. -)fo*ile et al., 2 =.. -2 2.. A p#ase !/& 0tu*y of Ganoderma lucidium 2#e results abo<e suggest t#at Ganoderma lucidum contain substances t#at are bacterici*al *uring its eCtract in patient wit# c#ronic #epatitis B. growt# stages an* can be use* to control #u'an $nternational /ournal of edicinal ushrooms , 4, 3235 bacteria pat#ogen w#ic# cause <arious *iseases (Fao32:. et al., 2 2.. 8ang an* G#ong -2 2. reporte* t#eFao 1., 2ang >., D /ai E. -2 =.. "ffects of water5 pro*uction of t#e antibacterial 'etabolite5gano*eric soluble Ganoderma lucidium polysacc#ari*es on t#e aci* fro' 0ub'erge* 8er'entation of Ganoderma i''une function of patients wit# a*<ance* lung lucidium. In t#e anti'icrobial screening of *ifferent cancer. ,ournal of edicinal 0ood, 6,!=;5!@;. sol<ent eCtracts of Ganoderma lucidum on so'e species of bacteria reporte* by )fo*ile an* Bi,o'o )fo*ile +.N. -2 @.. #a1onomy and 2ntimicrobial -2 6., so'e bioacti<e co'ponents suc# as2cti3ity of some Basidiomycetous 0ungi in Southern %igeria. p#enolics, terpenoi*s an* al,aloi*s were i'plicate* Ph4 2#esis, /epart'ent of Botany an* $icrobiology, w#ic# coul* also be t#e reason for t#e acti<ity of its Ini<ersity of +agos. A,o,a, +agos pp @544. 'ycelial culture. 2riterpenoi* in Ganoderma lucidum #as also been reporte* as t#e 'ajor anti'icrobial )fo*ile +.N. D Bi,o'o ".). -2 6.. Antibacterial constituents -1i#uai et al. 2 3; )fo*ile, 2 @.. 2#eActi<ity of Ganoderma lucidium fro' Nigeria. acti<ity of t#e eCtracts fro' t#e fruiting bo*y an* 5armdad edicus, =!-!., !45!: 'ycelia of Ganoderma lucidum against so'e clinical)fo*ile +.N., Bo,ubu' N.I., Frayer ).9.J., )gun*ipe bacteria in Asia #a<e also been reporte* by so'e ).2., D 0i''on*s $.0.J. -2 =.. Anti'icrobial wor,ers -1oon et al., !;;4; %#ar et al., !;;:; 1i#uai Acti<ity of 0o'e Ganoderma Species fro' Nigeria. et al., 2 3.. 2#erefore, t#ere are secon*ary 'etabolites release* by Ganoderma lucidum w#ic#Phytotherapia 6esearch, !;, 2! 52!3 coul* be responsible for its antibacterial acti<ity. (atric, 9., $urray B., 9osent#al 0., Feorge 0.B., edical icrobiology, $c (atric, et al. -!;;6. 9yan an* 9ay -2 4. reporte*$ic#eal A.(. -!;;6.. t#at Pseudomonas aeruginosa is notorious forFraw#ill New 1or,. resistance against synt#etic antibiotics, t#erefore 9yan B.J., D 9ay %.J. -2 4.. 0#erris $e*ical results of t#is wor, i'plies t#at t#e 'ycelia of G. $icrobiology, $c Fraw#ill, New 1or,. lucidum can be use* to co'bat suc# stubborn 0'it# B.J. an* 0i<at#a'paran B. -2 3.. organis'. $orp#ological 0tu*ies of Ganoderma 2#is antibacterial acti<ity suggest t#at t#e 'ycelial -Ganodermataceae. fro' t#e Australiasian an* 9afia culture of Ganoderma lucidum isolate* fro' *ea* woo* in Nigeria *oes in*ee* contain certain bioacti<e 9egion. 2ustraliasian Systematic Botany, !@,46:5= 3. ele'ents or ingre*ients t#at 'ig#t be beneficial for It,#e*e 9.0, D 9a#e J.". -!;6 .. Biological control of t#e pre<ention an* treat'ent of <arieties of ail'entsonion w#ite rot. 0oil Biology an* Bioc#e'try !2,! !. inclu*ing i'portant *iseases suc# as gastro5enteritis, >eller /.$., G#ang B.E., D %oo, 9.J. -!;6=.. bronc#itis, respiratory tract infection, foo* poisoning, Application of rapi* screening test for selection of urinary tract infection, an* lung infection. bacteria suppression to ta,e5all w#eat. Plant 4isease, Re erences @;, :! 5:!3. %ar'en >.&., D Ei /. -2 4.. %#ro'atograp#ic an* >illey I.$., 0#erwoo* +.$., D >ool<erton %.J. t# "lectrop#oretic $et#o* of lingA#i p#ar'acologically-2 6.. Prescott, 5arley and Klein7s icrobiology. -: acti<e co'ponents. ,ournal of chromatography, 6!2,"*ition., $cFraw5&ill, New 1or,. 1i#uai I., G#au 0, &uang $., D Eu A. -2 3.. 24!52=: %#ai &., >ang 8., G#ang G., D 1ang 1. -!;;:..Antibacterial an* Anti<iral Value of t#e Fenus %onstitution fro' t#e fruiting bo*y of Fano*er'a Ganoderma Species -A'p#yllop#oro'yceti*eae.3 A edicinal luci*u' -8r. Barst. -hongguo -hongyao -a.hi 9e<iew. $nternational ,ournal for ushrooms, =, 23=524@.
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International Journal of Biology

Vol. 3, No. 2; April 2 !!

Staphylococcus aureus 1oon 0.1., Bi' 1.0., +ee %.B., D &ans 0.0. -!;;4.. Anti'icrobial Acti<ity of Ganoderma lucidium eCtract alone an* in co'bination wit# so'e antibiotics. 2rchi3e Pharmaceutical 6esearch, !:, 4365442. Goberi $.&. -!;:2.. #ropical acrofungi3 Some Common Species. 2#e $ac'illan (ress +t*. +on*on. Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2able 2. 2#e 'ean Aone of in#ibition of 'ycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on bacteria pat#ogens using >eller 'et#o* #ES# 86G2%$S S 2able !. 2#e 'ean Aone of in#ibition of 'ycelia of Escherichia coli Ganoderma lucidum on bacteria pat#ogens using *ual Staphylococcus aureus 'et#o* Klebsiella pneumoniae #ES# 86G2%$S S Mean !one o inhibition (mm" #er day Pseudomonas aeruginosa ! 2i5 'eans total in#ibition Escherichia coli ! .@

! .= =.: 4.=

!2.@ =.; 4.:

Mean !one o inhibition ( ! 2i 2i 2i 2i 2 2i 2i 2i 2i

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