BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, PRESENT CONTINOUS, CAN, PREPOSITIONS

PRESENT TENSE BE
The

verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject
T! BE

!ccupations

"ouns

Adjectives

#$aces

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Subject I (ou 'e She It &e The% *erb +orm AM ARE IS IS IS ARE ARE E)amp$e I am a teacher. You are a student. He is in the lab. She is my sister. It is a city. We are friends. They are doctors.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
(ou can ma,e negative sentences simi$ar to the sentences before The on$% different is to add "!T after am, is, are, as %ou can see in the fo$$owing chart

She is not sad

The% are not in the schoo$

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
I am not 'e She It &e (ou The% I/m not 'e/s not . 'e isn-t She-s not . She isn-t It-s not . It isn-t &e-re not . &e aren-t (ou-re not . (ou aren-t The%-re not . The% aren-t

is not

are not

YES / NO QUESTIONS
In

Eng$ish we have to ,ind of 0uestions: (es1"o 0uestions and &h20uestions The (es 1 "o 3uestions are ca$$ed that because the answers a$wa%s start with (es or "o Remember to answer (es1"o 0uestions %ou have to pa% attention to the subject

YES / NO QUESTIONS
Affirmative Statement: (es 1 "o 0uestion: Short Answers: +u$$ 15omp$ete Answers: Affirmative Statement: (es 1 "o 0uestion: Short Answers: +u$$ 15omp$ete Answers: 6ohn and #eter are students Are 6ohn and #eter students4 (es, the% are 1 "o, the% aren-t (es, the% are students 1 "o the% are not students Mar% is ta$$ and thin Is Mar% ta$$ and thin4 (es, she is 1 "o, she isn-t (es, she is ta$$ and thin 1 "o, she is not ta$$ and thin

WH - QUESTIONS
The

wh20uestions $oo, for information accoding to the 0uestion word In this ,ind of 0uestions %ou never answer (es or "o, because the% are as,ing for some information The answer is a statement with the information according to the 0uestion word

WH - QUESTIONS
W+-,$%&hat I"#$%ma&'$" a($)&* Things "ame !ccupations Activities #eop$e #$aces State +orm 1 manner Examp ! &hat is this4 It is a boo, &hat is %our name4 Roberth &hat do %ou do4 I am a driver &hat is he doing4 'e-s wor,ing &ho is the director of the schoo$4 5ar$os Samaniego &here is he4 In the house 'ow are %ou4 I am sad 'ow is 7oja4 It is sma$$

&ho &here 'ow

REVIEW
Statement I am a teacher. You are a student. He is in the lab. She is my sister. It is a city. We are friends. They are doctors. "egative Statements I am not a teacher. You are not a student. He is not in the lab. She is not my sister. It is not a city. We are not friends. They are not doctors. (es1"o 3uestion Am I a teacher? Are you a student? Is he in the lab? Is she my sister? Is it a city? Are we friends? Are they doctors? Short Answers Yes, you are / No, you are not Yes, I am / No, I am not Yes, he is / No, he is not Yes, she is / No, she is not Yes, it is / No, it is not Yes, we are / No, we are not Yes, they are / No they are not

8EM!"STRATI*ES
&e use T'IS 1 T'ESE when the objects are near to the spea,er

This is a b$ac,board
T'IS 9Singu$ar "ouns

These are papers

T'ESE 9 #$ura$ "ouns

DEMONSTRATIVES
&e use T'AT 1 T'!SE when the objects are far from the spea,ers

That is a $a,e Those are mountains

T'AT 9 Singu$ar "ouns T'!SE 9 #$ura$ "ouns

DEMONSTRATIVES
Q)!.&'$". &hat is that4 That is an airp$ane Is that a bird4 "o, it is an airp$ane

&hat are those4 Those are boo,s Are those boo,s4 (es, the% are boo,s

PLURAL NOUNS
"oun ending s, ), ch or sh +orming the p$ura$ Add 2es E)amp$es boss 2 bosses ta) 2 ta)es bush 2 bushes f$% 2 f$ies tr% 2 tries curr% : curries cat 2 cats face 2 faces da% : da%s

consonant 9 %

5hange % to i then Add :es Add 2s

most others

IRREGULAR PLURAL
"oun t%pe Ends with 2fe +orming the p$ura$ 5hange f to v then Add :s 5hange f to v then Add :es Add :es E)amp$es ,nife 2 ,nives $ife 2 $ives wife 2 wives ha$f 2 ha$ves wo$f 2 wo$ves $oaf 2 $oaves potato 2 potatoes tomato 2 tomatoes vo$cano 2 vo$canoes

Ends with :f

Ends with 2 o

IRREGULAR PLURAL
"oun t%pe A77 >I"8S +orming the p$ura$ 5hange the vowe$ or 5hange the word or Add a different ending Singu$ar and p$ura$ are the same E)amp$es man 2 men foot 2 feet chi$d 2 chi$dren person 2 peop$e tooth 2 teeth mouse 2 mice sheep deer fish ;sometimes<

=nchanging

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I (ou 'e She It &e The% M% (our 'is 'er Its !ur Their

"!="

POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES

'er pants are b$ue

'is shirt is new

This is our house

This is her cat

POSSESSIVE FORM /S

>evin-s wife is Rose 'is wife is Rose

5har$ie-s boo, is b$ac,

The 5hi$d-s mother is happ%

PREPOSITION OF PLACE
I" ;dentro de< In the house in a shop In a room in a town In a car in a garden !n a she$f on a wa$$ !n a p$ate on the tab$e !n a ba$con% on a door At the bus station at home At the door at the top At wor, at the end of

!" ;sobre una superficie< AT ;$ugar espec?fico<

PRESENT CONTINOUS

The present continous tense is used to describe activities that happen now, that means activities that are deve$op in the moment of spea,ing

Subject BE I 'e She It &e (ou The% Am Is

2I"@ +!RM Singing Singing

Are

Singing

PRESENT CONTINOUS
AFFIRMATIVE I am dancing (ou are eating 'e is s$eeping She is reading It is running &e are wa$,ing The% are stud%ing NEGATIVE I am not dancing (ou are not eating 'e is not s$eeping She is not reading It is not running &e are not wa$,ing The% are not stud%ing (ES1"! 3=ESTI!"S Am I dancing4 Are %ou eating4 Is he s$eeping4 Is she reading4 Is it running4 Are we wa$,ing4 Are the% stud%ing4

RULES
*erb ending in A vowe$ 9 A consonant A vowe$ 9 A consonant 9 E! Ban%thing e$seC 'ow to ma,e the 2I"@ form 8oub$e the consonant, then add :I"@ Remove E, then add : I"@come Add :I"@ E)amp$es swim ! swimmin hit ! hittin et # ettin comin lose ! losin li"e # li"in say ! sayin o ! oin wal$ ! wal$in

CAN / CAN0T
5an

is used to show abi$it%

The% can dance

'e can-t p$a% the piano

'e can p$a% footba$$

'e can swim

'e can s,ate

NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS

AFFIRMATIVE I can coo, NEGATIVE I can not coo, (ES1"! 3=ESTI!"S 5an I coo,4 5an %ou dance4 5an he p$a%4 5an she swim4 5an it run4 5an we sing4 5an the% wa$, 4 SH RT ANS!ERS Yes, you can / No,you cant Yes I can / No I cant Yes, he can / No, he can`t Yes, she can / No, she cant Yes, it can / No, it cant Yes, we can / No, we cant Yes, they can / No, they cant

(ou can dance (ou can not dance 'e can p$a% She can swim It can run &e can sing The% can wa$, 'e can not p$a% She can not swim It can not run &e can not sing The% can not wa$,