Auxiliary Verbs "Be," "Do," "Have"

Auxiliary Verbs "Be," "Do," "Have"

An auxiliary verb helps the main (full) verb and is also called a "helping verb." With
auxiliary verbs, you can write sentences in different tenses, moods, or voices. Auxiliary verbs
are: be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, etc.

I think I should study harder to master English.

I am having a cup of coffee.
You have been practicing hard.
It was written by a petitioner.
You may choose what you like.

The verb forms of be, do, and have can be used either as a main (full) verb or an auxiliary
verb. The following examples show these verbs used as auxiliary verbs.

Be = am / is / are
Be can be used as an auxiliary verb or the main verb in a sentence.
It tells us that an action is happening now or is going to happen in the future.
Be is also used to make passives.
Are is used for they and we.
Was is used for the past tense of am and is.
Were is used for the past tense of you, we and they

1. "Be" as an auxiliary verb

a. Used in progressive sentences:

I am taking a bath.
She is preparing dinner for us.
They have been studying all night.

b. Used in passive sentences:

I was given a free meal.
He was seen by fans at the airport.
This song has been sung by all nations.

c. Used in questions:
Am I in the right place?
Are you my new boss?
Are we nearly there?
Are they the best players on the team?
Is he/she old enough to go to bars?

d. Used in negative sentences:

I am not. (I aren't)
You are not. (you aren't)
We are not. (we aren't)
They are not. (they aren't)
He/she is not. (he/she isn't)
2. "be" as a full verb
The verb be can also be a full verb. In this case, it's not followed by another verb. If be is
used as a full verb, we do not need an auxiliary in negative sentences or questions.
Positive sentence: They are fifteen years old.
Negative sentence: They are not fifteen years old.
Question: Are they fifteen years old?

Do / does / did
Do is common for forming questions and making negatives.
Did is used for do and does in the past tense. Do and does is never used for the past.

a. In statements
I do my homework.
You do the laundry.
We do the washing up.
They do yoga.
He/she does the cleaning.

b. In questions
Do I know you?
Do you live here?
Do we have time?
Do they come from Vietnam?
Does he/she drive to work?

c. In negative sentences
I do not. (I don't)
You do not. (you don't)
We do not. (we don't)
They do not. (they don't)
He/she does not. (he/she doesn't)

Have = has / had

Have is used to make the present perfect tense (it is always followed by the past participle).
Has is used for the third person singular.
Had is used for past tenses especially the past perfect tense. It describes an action that began
in the past and continues into the present or that occurred in the recent past.

a. In statements
I have a dog.
You have something on your shirt.
We have seen it before.
They have called me three times.
He/she has lived in America.

b. In negative sentences
I have not. (I haven't/ I've not)
You have not. (you haven't/you've not)
We have not. (we haven't/we've not)
They have not. (they haven't/they've not)
He/she has not (he/she hasn't)
Others
Other common auxiliary verbs are:
can, could, may, might, must, ought, should, and would.
These are also known as modal verbs. We use them to show obligation, possibility and
necessity.
For example:
Jack is late. He might be sleeping. (possibility)
I should clean my room today. (obligation)
I must wear a tie to school. (necessity)

Answering questions
Auxiliary verbs are useful in giving short answers to questions.
Basically, your answer can end with the auxiliary verb.
The following examples are natural and completely acceptable ways to answer questions:
Do you like reading?
Yes, I do (like reading)
Can you speak English?
Yes, I can (speak English)
Do you have a sister?
No, I don't (have a sister)

'Be' Verbs and Action Verbs

'Be' Verbs
A verb shows action or a state of being.
I go home. Home is my place to rest. I like the smell of my house. I feel totally relaxed.
Home refreshes me. At home, I get ready for a new day.
"Be" verbs indicate a state of being.

Verbs must match subjects.

I am a doctor.
He is sleepy.
We are here.

Negative sentences need ‘not' after the verb.

I am not a doctor.
He is not sleepy.
We are not there.

The verb comes first in interrogative sentences.

Am I a doctor?
Is he sleepy?
Are we there?

"Are not" (is not) can be shortened to "aren't" (isn't).

He isn't sleepy.
We aren't there.
Remember the variations of "be" verbs:
Present Negative Interrogative
I am I am not Am I?
You are You are not (aren't) Are you?
He is He is not (isn't) Is he?
She is She is not (isn't) Is she?
It is It is not (isn't) Isn't it?
We are We are not (aren't) Are we?
You are You are not (aren't) Are you?
They are They are not (aren't) Are they?

Action Verbs
Action verbs express action and are the most common verbs.

Action verbs need s at the end with third-person, singular subjects.

He eats bread.
She walks to the station.
It floats on the sea.

Negative sentences need do not, does not, or did not.

I do not eat bread.
He does not eat bread.
You did not walk to the station.
It does not float on the sea.

Interrogative sentences begin with do, does, or did.

Do you eat bread?
Does he eat bread?
Does she walk to the station?
Did they finish it?

Do not can be shortened to don't, does not to doesn't, and did not to didn't.
I don't eat bread.
She doesn't walk to the station.
It doesn't float on the sea.
They didn't finish it.

Remember the variations of action verbs:

Affirmative
Negative Sentence Interrogative Sentence
Sentence
I sing a song. I do not (don't) sing a song. Do I sing a song?
You sing a song. You do not (don't) sing a song. Do you sing a song?
He (she) sings a He (she) does not (doesn't) sing Does he (she) sing a
song. a song. song?
We sing a song. We do not (don't) sing a song. Do we sing a song?
They sang a song. They did not (didn't) sing a song. Did they sing a song?
Adverbs

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

An adverb tells more about a verb in the sentence.

The fire engine runs fast.
Listen to his speech carefully.
I browse the web frequently.
It rained hard.

An adverb describes more about an adjective in the sentence.

The news is very surprising!
The coffee is extremely hot, so be careful.
Nature is really amazing!

An adverb modifies another adverb in the sentence.

It rains very hard.
Computers run much faster these days.
I clean my room less frequently because I am busy.

Commonly, adjectives can be changed to adverbs by adding 'ly'.

slow – slowly
quick – quickly
comfortable – comfortably
loud – loudly
clear – clearly

To change adjectives ending in 'y' into adverbs, change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'.
happy – happily
easy – easily
Adjectives
Adjectives

Adjectives describe or modify nouns.

I like fairy tales. A fairy tale is an imaginary story that has unrealistic characters in
a fantastic background. It makes me forget about the real world and refreshes my tired mind.
Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun.
A pretty girl
Red flowers
A long stick
Heavy boxes
Warm weather

Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by adding a prefix such as un, in,
or dis.

 clear – unclear, important – unimportant, predictable – unpredictable, believable

– unbelievable, common – uncommon, aware – unaware, ambiguous –
unambiguous, conventional – unconventional, certain – uncertain
 definite – indefinite, correct – incorrect, comparable – incomparable, complete –
incomplete, evitable – inevitable, expensive – inexpensive
 able – disable, assemble – disassemble, content – discontent, similar – dissimilar
When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set order: size/shape +
age + color + origin + material.

 A big brown house

 A small old English desk
 A beautiful black Italian leather purse
 Delicious Chinese food

The+ adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a noun.

 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, etc.
 This popular TV show is loved by the old.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives compare two things. Superlative adjectives compare more than
two things

Commonly, adjectives that contain only one syllable or end in 'y' use 'er' to form
comparatives and 'est' to form superlatives. For adjectives ending in y, change the 'y' to
'i' before adding the 'er' or 'est'.

 old – older – oldest

 young – younger – youngest
 pretty – prettier – prettiest
 long – longer – longest
 short – shorter – shortest
  bright – brighter – brightest
 close – closer – closest
 happy – happier - happiest

Adjectives with two or more syllables do not change but instead add more to form
comparatives and most to form superlatives.

 respectable – more respectable – most respectable

 beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
 preferable – more preferable – most preferable
 hardworking – more hardworking – most hardworking

Some adjectives have different forms of comparatives and superlatives.

 good – better – best

 bad – worse – worst
 little – less – least
 much (many) – more – most
 far – further - furthest

The word than typically appears in comparative sentences.

 Amy is smarter than Betty.

 Chad is stronger than Dan.
 Greg is more diligent than his brother.
 I have more apples than he.
 She likes him more than me.

Superlatives are typically accompanied by the word the.

 Tom is the oldest man in town.

 Paul is the tallest boy in the neighborhood.
 That shade of blue is the most beautiful color.
 This is the longest song that I have ever heard.
Phrasal Verbs using Specific Word
A phrasal verb has a verb and a particle that are used together to make a new meaning.
Some of them have more than one meaning. Not all meanings are given.

Phrasal Verbs using Do

 do up- make something look good. Melissa did up her makeup before she went to the
dance.
 do (something) over- do again. You didn't get a good grade on the homework
assignment. You need to do it over.
 do (someone) in- kill someone (real or imaginary).The robbers tried to steal my
money and then do me in.
 do (someone) good- be good for someone. I know you don't want to learn Latin, but it
will do you good in the future.
 do without (something)- live without something. We didn't bring enough money to
the store so we are going to have to do without the snacks.
 do away with- stop having something. The school is going to do away with uniforms.
Nobody likes them.
 do well for (oneself)- become successful. Danny has really done well for himself. He
owns 5 restaurants.

Phrasal Verbs with Go

 go off- to make a loud noise or to explode. My alarm clock went off at 7:00 a.m.
 go over- to review. You should go over your homework before you give it to the
teacher. Make sure there are no mistakes.
 go on- to happen. What is going on in China right now?
 go with- to match, to be similar to. My shirt and pants are both blue. They go with
each other.
 go out- (1) to stop working (machines or electrical things).The electricity went outlast
night. I couldn't see anything.
 go out- (2) to be a part of a social activity. Every weekend I go out with my friends.
 go along with- to agree with or follow. Tommy usually goes along with what I say.
He trusts me.
 go by- to pass. Three hours went by. Or I will go by that old house.

Phrasal Verbs with Come

 come out- to appear, to be seen. The newspaper comes out every Monday
through Friday. Or The moon came out last night.
 come around- to change one's mind, to change one's opinion, agree. My son
doesn't want to study in New Zealand, but I think he will come around to the idea
if he thinks about it for a while.
 come down on- to scold or punish. Our boss really came down on us after we
made that mistake.
 come up with- to produce or supply. I didn't think Joe had any money but
suddenly he came up with enough to buy a car.
  come to (someone)- remember or recall. I didn't remember who she was and
suddenly it came to me. We went to high school together.
 come about- to happen. You became the mayor of your city? Wow! How did
that come about?
 come across- to find. Last night I came across my old photographs. I haven't
seen them in years.
 come down with- to become sick. Oh that new disease is terrible. I hope I
don't come down with it.

Phrasal Verbs with Get

 get out- leave or move. I don't want you here. Get out of my way!
 get over (something)- stop thinking about something. I can't get over how
hard that test was.
 get away with (something)- do something wrong without punishment. The
bank robbers got away with robbing the bank. The police never found them.
 get on with (something)- continue with something. Listen everyone, it's time
to stop talking and get on with our class.
 get around- way to go places. I get around by bicycle, but my brother gets
around on foot.
 get around to (something)- finally do something. I finally got around to doing
my homework. I didn't do it for several days.
 get along with- be friendly with. My neighbor and I get along very well. We talk
everyday.
 get by- have enough to survive. I have enough money to get by until next week.
 get down to- become serious about. Dinner is finished and now it's time to get
down to business.

Phrasal Verbs Using

 Take out- to remove OR to escort (go on a date.) Examples-Please go outside

and take out this garbage. It smells bad. AndI want to take out Mindy on a date.
 Take over- become the boss of, control. Example-When a teacher is sick,
another teacher will take over the class.
 Take off-remove the clothes or shoes from your body OR when an airplane goes
up in the air. Examples-I need to take off my wet socks. And What time does this
airplane take off?
 Take away- subtract, remove, or carry something away. Example-Could you
take away this old sofa? I don't want it anymore.
 Take after-look like someone. Example-You take after your father. You both
have the same shaped nose.
Slang and Idioms about Money

 dough, moolah- money (non-countable.)I won a lot of dough at the casino. Look
at all of this moolah!
 greenback, buck- American dollar (countable.)Look at how many greenbacks
you have in your wallet! Could you loan me a buck for the subway?
 megabucks- a lot of money. I would love to be like Bill Gates. He has
megabucks.
 (work for) peanuts- almost no money, very little money. John should quit his
job because he is working for peanuts and he can't afford his rent.
 max out (a credit card)- spend up to the limit of a credit card. Susie bought so
many clothes she maxed out her credit card.
 stretch money- be careful to make money one has last longer. Tony and Teri
had to really stretch their money in order to pay all of their bills. They ate a lot of
cheap food last month.
 flip a coin- make a decision by tossing a coin in the air and calling heads or tails.
(heads = side of coin with picture of a person's face, tails = opposite side of
coin.)Let's decide who will start the game by flipping a coin.

Idioms with clothes

 dressed to kill- have on your best clothes. Susan went to the party dressed to
kill.
 in one's shoes- to be in the other person's situation. Mary lost her job. I'm glad
I'm not in her shoes.
 to lose one's shirt- to lose everything, to become poor. When the stock market
went down, he lost his shirt.
 to roll up one's sleeves- to prepare to do hard work. John decided troll up his
sleeves and join in preparing the big dinner.
 to tighten one's belt- to spend less money, be careful with money. When my
father lost his job, we had to tighten our belt.
 on a shoestring- on a budget, with very little money. That business started on a
shoestring with only $100.
 birthday suit- naked, no clothes. The man ran through the town with only his
birthday suit on! Everyone was shocked.

Idioms with Numbers

 on cloud nine- very happy. After Josie got a perfect score in math, she was on
cloud nine.
  number one- oneself, me. I have to decide what is best in my life. I have to take
care of number one.
 to put two and two together- to figure something out. The kitchen door was
open and the cake was gone. I put two and two together and realized Tom had
eaten the cake.
 two's company, three's a crowd- two people together are good, but three
people together cause problems. I don't want to go to the movies with you and
your boyfriend. Two’s company and three's a crowd.
 forty winks- a short nap (sleep).I'm so sleepy. I think I will have forty winks
before I go shopping.
 dressed to the nines- dressed very nicely. When Hillary went to the dance, she
was dressed to the nines.
 the one and only- something unique, there is only one of something. I want to
introduce you to the one and only Tom Cruise.
 six to one, half a dozen to the other- (a dozen means twelve) it doesn't
matter, 6 is the same as half a dozen. Do you want chocolate or vanilla ice
cream? It doesn't matter, it’s six to one, half a dozen to the other.

idioms that use parts of the body

 see eye to eye- agree. Joan and Grant see eye to eye on spiders. They both
hate them.
 put one's foot in one's mouth- to say something embarrassing and then
realize it was bad. I said Frank was ugly and then I realized he heard me. I really
put my foot in my mouth.
 stay on one's toes- be ready/ prepared for something. Firefighters have to stay
on their toes. They may have to fight a fire at anytime.
 keep an eye on- watch something to make sure it is okay. Could you keep an
eye on the baby while I go to the store?
 lend/give someone a hand- to help with something. That box looks heavy. Let
me give you a hand.
 be in over one's head- be in a situation that is very difficult. Alan was really in
over his head when he started studying advanced chemistry. It was so hard for
him.
 keep one's fingers crossed- to hope that something good will happen. I'm
keeping my fingers crossed that I will get that job.

 get cold feet- get nervous, especially before marriage. The night before the
wedding Alex got cold feet. He wondered if he should really get married.
  have one's heart set on something- really want something. My son Tommy
really has his heart set on that new bicycle. Maybe I will buy it for his birthday.

Idioms using the word

 to feel in (one's) heart of hearts- in a person's deepest feelings. I feel in my

heart of hearts that I shouldn't marry that man.(I feel strongly that I shouldn't
marry him.)
 take it to heart- worry about, feel it is serious (usually feel bad about it).When
Nancy's boss said she wasn't a good employee, Nancy took it to heart.(She felt
very bad and serious.)
 from the bottom of (one's) heart- to really mean what a person says .You are
so wonderful. I mean it from the bottom of my heart.(I really, really think you are
wonderful.)
 heartfelt- (adjective) warm feelings, sincere. My grandma gave me a heartfelt
welcome when I arrived.(Grandma was really happy to see me. I could see she
felt good.)
 with all (one's) heart- completely, a person really means what he is saying (or
doing).I love you with all my heart.(I really love you very much.)
 to get to the heart of (something)- to find out the real reason for something,
get to the center or find out what really happened. Who caused this problem? We
need to get to the heart of it immediately.(We need to find out what happened.)
 to feel a hole in (one's) heart- a feeling of sadness (usually because someone
is gone.)When James died, Susan felt like she had a hole in her heart.(Susan was
very sad.)
 to have a heart of gold- to be very kind. She was a wonderful and kind person.
She had a heart of gold.
 to have a heart of stone- to be very unkind, to not care about people or things.
He didn't care about anybody. He had a heart of stone.
 heart to heart- have a private conversation and say anything. I had a heart to
heart talk with my daughter about dating.(Only the two of us talked. And we
talked freely.)
Gerund
A gerund (verb + ing) acts like a noun in a sentence.

 Seeing is believing.
 Running a marathon is not an easy thing to do.
 Watching TV is sometimes harmful.
 Eating is always fun.
 My hobby is painting.
 She loves babysitting her sister.
 I like listening to music.
 I wasted all my afternoon by taking a nap.
 I am afraid of singing a song on a stage.

Often, a possessive noun or pronoun comes before a gerund.

 I hope that you don’t mind my using your pen.

 Don’t be mad about my leaving early.
 I don’t want you misunderstanding.
 You will be amazed by my writing.
When to use have to, supposed to, and ought to
Using have to, supposed to, and ought to

Have to is the same as must. It implies that you don't have a choice. Have to প্রকাশ করে যে,
কাজটি আপনারক কেরেই হরে ো ছাডা অনয উপায় যনই।

John has to go to work everyday.

The students have to study tonight.

To be supposed to means an obligation. It is something that you should do, or something that
another person expects you to do. Don't forget to use the verb be in front of supposed to.
supposed to প্রকাশ করে যে, কাজটি আপনাে কো উচিৎ অথো অনযো আশা করে কাজটি
আপচন করুন। েরে অেশযই supposed to এে আরে verb be েযেহাে কেরে হরে।

Sally is supposed to meet her friend tonight.

All of the employees are supposed to attend today's meeting.

Ought to means a suggestion. You should do something but you don't have to do it.

We ought to clean the house tonight.

Phillip ought to help you with your homework.

(Notice that all of these words are modals. They are followed by a verb.

You may feel confused about the slight differences between these words. Just think about
what the speaker is implying.

I have to do my homework. (If I don't, will be in trouble.)

I am supposed to do my homework. (If I don't, my teacher will notice that I didn't do it.)

I ought to do my homework. (I don't have to if I don't want to, but I feel I should do it
because I want to do well in the class.)
How to use Conditional
Using the Conditional

বাক্যে কযভাক্ব Conditionalবেবহার যরক্বা।

We use the conditional to show a possible situation based on another situation. একটা ঘটনা
ঘটরে আরেকটি সম্ভােয ঘটনা ঘটরে এমনটি প্রকাশ কেরে োরকয conditional েযেহাে কো হয়।

For example:

If A happens, then B will happen.যেমন েচি এ ঘটনা ঘরট েরে চে ঘটনা ঘটরে।

The first conditional shows that something could possibly happen. Its structure is like this:

If + subject + present tense (or present continuous) ----,subject + will/may/can + base verb -
---.

For example:

If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.

If you help me, we can finish earlier.

If the boys give the monkey a coin, it may dance for them.

Notice that each sentence above uses the present tense on the if side. But we could also use
the present continuous if something is happening right now.

If he isn't working right now, he may want to come over for dinner.

We can also change the order of the sentence and put the if side on the second half. The only
difference is that there is no comma.

I will take my umbrella if it rains tomorrow.

We can finish earlier if you help me.

The monkey may dance for the boys if they give it a coin.

He may want to come over for dinner if he isn't working right now
How to use Infinitives.
An infinitive is a verb combined with the word to. Most often, an infinitive acts as a noun in
the sentence. Less frequently, it acts as an adjective or an adverb.

Verb এে সারথ to েুক্ত হরয় infinitive েঠন করে। infinitive প্রায়শই োরকয noun এে মে কাজ
করে। েরে মারে মারে োরকয adjective অথো adverb এে কাজ করে। চনরিে উিাহেণগুরো
ভােভারে েপ্ত করুন।

 I want to go home early today.

 I hope to be chosen as a member.
 I prefer to go there earlier.
 You need to consider various rules in writing sentences.
 You have to explain your reasoning in detail.
 You might wish to act as a teacher.
 To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time.
 A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person.
 Help me to save the trees!
 To be mentally healthy, you must read books.
 Do you want me to fill out this form?
 Here is our to-do list.
 It was nice to meet you.
 It is time to move on.
 I am young enough to change my habits.
 Don’t forget not to make grammar mistakes.
 You are required to leave all your belongings here.
 I came to see a doctor today.
 You have to work harder to succeed.
 I need to take three more classes to finish my graduate study.
 I got closer to the speaker to listen clearly.
 Be sure to check if you have tickets.
 I am going to buy the new computer.

Generally, it is not common to split to and the verb except for when you want to emphasize
the verb. সাধােনভারে েখন verb এেউপে যজাে যিয়া হয়, েখন to পৃথক হরয় োয়। চনরিে
উিাহেণগুরো েক্ষ করুন:

I want you to immediately stop doing that.

 You have to seriously work hard to succeed.

 You need to definitely explain your reasoning in detail.

Commonly, an infinitive is used with the subject it. The sentence structure is "It
is + infinitive.…" It refers to the infinitive. This expression is used in many
ways.

 It is time to do math.
 It is common to think that way.
 It is appropriate to keep a low profile.
 It was nice to see you.
 It was my pleasure to meet you.
  It was my honor to have dinner with you.
 It is good to see you.
 It was great to go on a trip with them.

Both gerunds and infinitive phrases can function as nouns, in a variety of ways. Gerunds and
infinitives can follow certain verbs but not others. You need to remember which verbs can be
followed by only a gerund or only an infinitive.

Verbs that can precede only gerunds:

consider, suggest, enjoy, deny, avoid, miss, mind, practice, postpone, resist, finish, quit, give
up, put off

Verbs that can precede only infinitives:

offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, afford, deserve, refuse, undertake, learn, fail,
seem, appear, tend, pretend, choose, demand, desire, guarantee, claim, manage, determine,
expect, want, wish

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives without changing meanings:
continue, like, love, begin, start, propose, neglect, stand, hate

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives but change meanings:
forget, remember, stop, try

 I stopped watching the movie. (I no longer watched the movie.)

 I stopped to watch the movie. (I stopped what I was doing to watch the movie.)
Appropriate preposition
 Tears ran — her face.(down)
 They were to arrive — Sunday but will come — Thursday.(on, by)
 The rain beat — the windows.(against)
 She was forced to marry — her will. (against)
 They were heading — the Ger border. (towards)
 He jumped — from the chair. (up)
 He could not come on account illness. (at)
 The bus will go from A to C — B. (via)
 — our vacation we took a journey to Chitagong. (during)
 Sumi got married — the age of 25. ( at)
 From the table he jumped — floor. (onto)
 The guest went — the old man standing nearby. (past)
 There is a garden — the house. (in front of)
 Sumon studies — Dhaka University. (at)
 He did not mention a single word— the news. (at)
 It is secret — you and me. (between)
 He is going — Paris. (to)
 The rumor spread out— the country. (throughout)
 You can use that glass — a vase. (as)
 Place the cursor—the left of the first word. (to)
 I called him but he ran —. (off)
 Cover her — with a blanket. (over)
 He looked at her — a hurt expression. (with)
 I cannot do —you. (without)
 He is sitting — an arm chair. (in)
 The teacher impressed —us the value of discipline. (on)
 We were impressed —what he said. (with)
 The operation was accompanied—little or on pain. (with)
 She was accompanied—her brother. (by )
 The English allied themselves—the French Elementary. (with)
 Algebra is allied—Arithmetic. (to)
 Napoleon had a genius—military tactics. (for)
 Without doubt, he is a genius—mathematics. (in)
 The idea originated—him while he was travelling in Japan. (with)
 The fire originated —a haystack. (in)
 He jumped—a conclusion not warranted by facts. (to)
 The child jumped—joy when 1 gave him sweets. (for)
 He jumped—my offer. (at)
 He is negligent—whatever he does. (in)
 He is negligent—his duties. (of)
 Contentment is requsite—happiness. (to)
 He is told that prolonged treatment is requisite—effecting a cure. (for)
 His shattered health is the result—intemperance. (of)
 Jealousy results —unhappiness. (in )
 No good is likely to result—this union. (from)
 His whole case rests—alibi. (on)
 I acted according—his advice. (to )
 In accordance — his advice I took quinine. (with )
 She has great affection — her grandchildren. (for)
 He is ambitious — fame. (of)
 He is capable — anything. (of)
 He is not the requisite capacity —this work. (for )
 He has great confidence — this assistant. (in)
 He is quite confident — success. (of )
 He walked — the car and looked at the wheels. (round)
 What was all that — ? (about)
 The children were running - field. (around)
 There is a book — the table. (on)
 We were flying — the clouds. (above )
 There is a school just across ---the house. (from)
 We walked — the ice. (across)
 We drove — several tow. (through)
 Let's swim — the river. (across)
 There is a bridge — there. (over)
 We arrived shortly -(after)
 Turn — the music, pi. (down)
 He looked — the room for some food. (into)
 Seeing the thief running he ran ---- the room. (out of)
 They walked slowly ----(along)
 She sang the baby --- sleep. (to)
 Please don't write — the line. (below)
 The sun is already — when they set off. (up)
 We won by six goals ---(to)
 It has been raining — maniac. (since )
 The plane is flying — the Himalaya. (towards )
 Stay close — me. (behind )
 The sun disappeared---clouds. (behind )
 A police sergeant is — an inspector. (below)
 Temperatures have been ---(above)
 The road continues — the— into the hill. (beyond, up)
 Make sure the TV is — (off)
 I don't know what he is. (about)
 Ajala went for a trip — (round)
 None — the graduates can apply. (but)
 They are sitting - - an ice-cream parlour - - the park. (at, in )
 In boxing you will not be allowed to hit — the belt. (below)
 Go — the hill — the shop. (down, to )
 He wore an overcoat -(over)
 — riches he is unhappy. (despite)
 He invested his patrimony — jute shares. (in)
 The Police Commissioner invested — magisterial powers. ( with)
 Let us talk — something else. (about)
 For a while they talked — politics. (of)
 I will talk — my son respecting his conduct. (to)
 He takes no interest — politics. (in)
 What you say has no interest — me. (for)
 I have no interest — the agents of the firm. (with)
 He has a reputation — honesty. (for)
 He has the reputation — being a good teacher. (of )
 He exercises complete authority— his followers. (over)
 There is no authority — this use. (for)
 Dr Bridge is an authority — English prosody. (on)
  He fell a victim — his own avarice.(to)
 The victims— cholera were mostly poor people.(of)
 I have no use — it. (for)
 He has lost the use — his right arm. (of)
 He supplied the poor — clothing. (with)
 He supplied clothing — the poor. (to)
 She was greatly afflicted — the loss of her only child. (at)
 The old man is afflicted — gout. ( with)

analogy
Root words এে Relation এে উপে চভচি করে sentence format েঠন পদ্ধচে

Synonym (সমাথথকো): এরক্ষরে root words িুটি (Synonymous)সমাথথক হরয় থারক।

Antonym (চেপেীোথথক): এক্ষরে root words িুটি (Antonymous) চেপেীোথথক হরয় থারক।

Lack/Absence (অভাে): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে মরধয একটিে অনুপচিচে আরেকটিে সংজ্ঞ
চনধথােণ করে।

Part to whole (অংশ চেরশষ): এরক্ষরে root words এে মরধয একটি আরেকটিে অংশ হয়।

Defining Characteristics (সংজ্ঞাথথ চনণথায়ক বেচশষ্ঠ): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি
আরেকটিরক সংজ্ঞাচয়ে কোে বেচশষ্ঠ েহন করে।

Spurious (ভন্ড, জাে, যমচক রূপ, চমথযা): root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে
জাে/রমচক/চেকৃ ে/ত্রূটিপূণথ/ভন্ড হয়।

Degree of Intensity (মাো-যভি): এরক্ষরে root words িুটি একই অথথ চনরিথ শ কেরেও একটি
আরেকটিে যিরয় েীব্র মাো প্রকাশ করে।

Type of Classification (প্রকােরভি): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে প্রকােরভি
চনরিথ শ করে।

Age Difference (েয়রসে োেেময): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে মরধয েয়রসে োেেময থারক,
একটি early age হরে অপেটি mature age।

Worker and Workplace (কমী ও কমথসংিান): root words িুটিে একটি worker ও অপেটি ঐ
worker এে workplace চনরিথ শ করে।

Logical Sequence (যেৌচক্তক অনুক্রম): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটিে স্বাভাচেক েচেে
োরয়া: প্রাচপ্তরে আরেকটি word এে অেিা আসরে পারে।
Estrangement (চেচিন্নো): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে interruption ো োধা
যিয়, অথথাৎ continuity ো িেমানো নষ্ট করে।

Abode (োসিান): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে োসিান চনরিথ শ করে।

Cause and Effect (কােণ ও ফোফে): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি কােণ ও অপেটি ঐ
কােরণ সৃষ্ট ফোফে যোোয়।

Worker and Tools (কমী ও কমীে েন্ত্র): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি worker এে নাম ও
অপেটি ঐ worker চনরিথ শক tool যোোয়।

Sign/Symbol (চিহ্ন): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে sign/symbol যোোয়।

Worker and Action (কমী ও কমথ): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি worker যোোরে অনযটি
action চনরিথ শ করে।

Creator and Creation (স্রষ্টা ও সৃচষ্ট): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি creator যোোরে অনযটি
creation চনরিথ শ করে।

Protection/Covering (েক্ষা/আেেণ): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে আেেণ

যোোয়, ো protection চহসারে কাজ করে।

Gender Variation (চেঙ্গরভি): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি masculine হরে অপেটি
feminine gender হয়।

Function (কােথক্রম): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে কােথক্রম ো function চনরিথ শ
করে।

Tool and its area of use (েন্ত্র ও এে প্ররয়ােরক্ষে) : এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি tool চনরিথ শ
কেরে অপেটি এে প্ররয়ােরক্ষে চনরিথ শ করে।

Member of a Group (িেীয় সিসয): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটী যকান group চনরিথ শ কেরে
অনযটি ঐ group এে সিসয চনরিথ শ করে।

Study/Science (েরেষনা/জ্ঞান): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি অপেটিে েরেষনা ো জ্ঞান
যোোয়।

Unit of Measurement (পচেমাপ একক): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি আরেকটিে সারথ
পচেমাপ একক সম্পরকথ আেদ্ধ।

Tool and its Action (েন্ত্র ও েরন্ত্রে েযেহাে): এরক্ষরে root words িুটিে একটি tool চনরিথ শ
কেরে অপেটি ঐ tool এে action যোোয়।
Antonyms
Antonyms

Words Opposites (Antonyms)

A
Abandon Stay with, retain
Abate Raise, increase, rise, augment
Abhor Approve, like
Abject Proud, independent
Abnormal Normal, usual, regular
Abrupt Gently, gentle, sloping
Abscond Remain, stay, live in
Abstain permit, continue
Abstruse Revealed, simple, open
Abundant Inadequate, poor, insufficient
Abuse Use well, praise
Accelerate Retard, reduce speed, hinder
Accession Loss, diminution
Accommodate Disoblige, refuse
Accomplish Leave undone, fail
Awkward Handy, graceful, clever
Accord Discord, disagreement, unwillingness
Accumulate Squander, waste, distribute
Acquaintance Unfamiliar, ignorance
Adhere Come undone, break from.
Adjourn Hurry, on schedule, advance
Adoration Irreverence, contempt, disfiguring
Affinity Dislike, discord, antipathy, repulsion
Alliance Separation, opposition, division
Altercation Consensus, agreement
Ambiguous Certainty, simple, clear
Annul Restore, ratify
Antagonistic Friendly, sympathetic, associated
Antique Modern, fresh, new, young, recent
Applaud Hiss, cry down
Applause Abuse, disapproval, jeering, censure
Arrogant Humble, tolerant, modest, docile
Audacious Polite, considerate, humble, timid
Authentic Unauthentic, spurious
Awful amazing wonderful
B
Bare Clothed, covered, dressed,
Barricade Help, open, approachable
Benevolent Malvolent, uncharitable, malice, merciless
Betray Conceal, defend, be loyal
Blasphemy Reverence, exquisite, polite
Bliss Unhappiness, misery
Boisterous Quite, calm, soft, silent, tranquil
Brutal Human, kindly, gentle
Brevity Lengthy, circumlocution
Bystander Performer, actor
C
Candid Unfair, partial, biased
Canvass Leave alone, refuse
Captivity Freedom, liberty
Catastrophe Benefit, blessing, boom
Celebrated Unknown, undistinguished
Censure Praise, commend, endorse
Cheer Chill, depress, sadden
Chivalrous Cowardly, ungallant
Circumscribe Open, unbound
Clamour Silence, peace
Coalition Disunion, separation
Collateral Lineal, direct
Combat Peace, rest
Compassion Ruthlessness, anitipathy
Conceal Reveal, disclose
Concise Diffuse, lengthy, large
Confer Refuse, take back, withdraw
Consign Withhold, withdraw
Conspiracy Counter plot
Contradictory Agreeing, compatible, consistent
Crafty Ingenuous, honest
Cruel Humans, gentle, kind
Culmination Bottom, base
Cripper help, strengthen
Counterfeit Accurate, authentic, sincere
D
Danger harmless, protection, safety
Daring Cowardly, timid, cautious
Dainty Unpalatable, inelegant, uncritical
Dash Retain, standstill, encourage
Debar Admit, allow, facilitate
Debase Exalt, purify, praise, respect
Declare Censor, withhold, conceal
Decrease Climb, enlarge, grow, strengthen
Decorum Lack of dignity, improprity, levity
Deface Improve, preserve
Defame Praise, commendation
Descend Climb, increase, lift
Desert Stay with, retain
Despair hope, optimism, encourage-ment
Deteriorate Improve, ameliorate
Devoid Full, well, supplied
Dexterity Not skilled, clumsiness
Diligence Laziness, slackness
Discern Misunderstand, confuse
Disgrace Compliment, exalt, praise
Disinterested Interested, biased, subjective
Disown Acknowledge, accept
Dogmatic Undogmatic, vague
Dress Undress, unclothed
Dwell Travel, move on
E
Earnest Slack, apathetic
Eccentric Concentric, regular
Ecstasy Calmness, agony, displeasure
Edible Uneatable, inedible
Elegant Inexpensive, ungraceful, unrefined
Embrace Keep away, exclude
Emotion Reason, indifference, rationality
Endorse Disapprove, oppose, censure, reject
Enormous Small, punny, compact
Entire Repel, repulse, resist
Entrap Set free, liberate
Escalate Decrease, lessen, weaken
Escape Confront, face, follow
Eternal Transient, temporary, non-permanent
Everlasting Finite, temporary
Exaggerate Minimise, understate
Exile Repatriation, welcome, greet
F
Fabulous True, real, actual
Fallacy Truth, real
Fantastic Real, practical
Feeble Strong, vigorous
Fervent Cool, unimpassioned
Figurative Actual, straightforward
Finite Infinite, unlimited
Flimsy Substantial, serious
Fluctuate Constant, uniform
Fortify Weaken, discourage
Fragile Strong, solid, tough
Frown Smile
Funeral Cheerful, bright
Furtive Open, obvious, above board
Futility Utility, advantage, profitable
G
Gallantry Cowardice, poltroonery
Ghostly Alive, corporeal, pleasing
Genuine Artificial, fake, imaginary
Gloomy Cheerful, gay, bright
Gorgeous Shabby, mean, dirty
Grandeur Shabbiness, sordidness
Gratification Disappointment, dissatisfaction
Grim Mild, gentle
Grudge Good will, love
Grusome Charming, delightful, pleasing
H
Hamper Release, accelerate
Hopeless Lucky, fortunate
Harmony Discord, disagreement
Hazardous Timid, safe, protected
Heed Disregard, neglect
Humane Cruel, ungentle
Hostile Pride, arrogance
Hypocrisy Honesty, sincerely
Hypocritical Candid, honest, loyal, moral
I
Identity Difference, not similar
Immaculate Spotted, stained
Immunity Subjection, liability
Impatient Patient, submissive
Imperative Submissive, not compulsory.
Implicate Exclude
Impel Inhibit, prevent, quell
Implicit Expressed, exposed, reserved
Imitate Create, originate
Inaccessible Approachable, accessible
Incumbent Unnecessary, non-compul-sory
Industrious Idle, lazy
Inevitable Avoidable, unnecessary
Infinite Finite, circumscribed, limited
Insolvent Rich, affluent, flush,
J
Jeopardise Secure, preserve
Jolly Miserable, dull
Jubilant Despairing, despondent
Judicious Indiscreet, imprudent
Jumble Clear, straightforward, order, arrange
K
Kidnap Restore, bring back
Knotty Smooth, easy, simple
L
Laborious Easy, light, simple
Lavish Economical, restrained
Legend Reality, fact, true story
Lethal Harmless, enlivening, life giving
Luminous Dark, obscure
M
Malice Charity, love
Malign Praise, eulogise
Massive Small, thin, minute
Manifest Conceal, suppress, hidden
Melancholy Gay, joyous
Melodious Unmelodious, tuneless
Mercenary Voluntary, generous
Mingle Dissolve, disentangle
Migrate Remain, stationary
Miraculous Normal, natural
Misery Joy, comfort
Moderate Immoderate, excessive
Monotonous Modest, cheerful, melodious
Mortal Immortal, imperishable
Myth Fact, history actual
N
Native Exotic, foreign, alien, immigrant
Nervous Composed, steady, tranquil
Numb Vigorous, aware, lively
Notorious Unknown, reputable
Nefarious Chaste, honest, innocent
O
Obedient Mischievous, stubborn
Obscene Pure, clean
Obscure Clear, plain, transparent
Obtuse Intelligent, bright
Officious Harmless, non-interfering, incurious
Opportunistic Uninvolved, timid, lazy
Optimistic Pessimistic, cynical, defeatist
Ostentatious Reticent, restrained
Outrageous Timid, appropriate
Outstanding Mediocre, usual
P
Palatable Unpalatable, tasteless
Palpable Intangible
Paltry Fine, great, sufficient
Paramount Subordinate, inferior, irrelevant
Paucity Abundance, multitude, adequate
Pensive active, gay, happy
Petition Command, order
Plague Please, comfort, solace
Plungs Drawout, come out
Preamble Conclusion, ending
Precedence Inferiority
Pregnant Empty, meaningless
Profound Shallow, abstruse
Prohibit Endorse, permit, allow
Prudent imprudent, injudicious, incautious
Q
Quack Professional, qualified
Quash Ratify, confirm, restore
R
Radiance Dullness, dimness
Radical Superficial, incomplete
Random Formal, orderly, systematic
Rational Irrational, foolish
Reciprocal Selfish, individual
Rectify Destroy, save, keep
Remission Increase, augmentation
Repulsive Admirable, alluring, charming
Resolute Irresolute, undecided
Reveal Conceal, hide
Revive Depress, deject
Revolt Loyal, obey, submit
Ridiculous Grave, serious
Robust Thin, weak, lean, fragile
Rustic Urban, polished
S
Sacred Temporal, wordly
Sad Blithe, joyous, cheerful
Sane Insane, confused, unreasonable
Sarcastic Complimentary, flattering, favourable
Scandal Praise, credit
Scatter Retain, hold, gather, unite
Secular Religious eternal, pious
Seductive Repelling, chill, dissuade
Sensual Ascetic, spiritual
Smooth Uneven, rough, irregular
Sloth Activity, vigour
Solace Pain, irritation, vex
Solemn Informal, profane
Solitary Companionable, sociable
Sordid Clean, polished
Speculation Action, fact
Splendid Shabby, cheap
Spontaneous Involuntary, with prior preparation
Stagnant Moving, running, in action
Stubborn Docile, flexible vacillating
Sublime Low, depressed
T
Taunt Soothe, commend, praise
Tedious Agreeable, delightful
Testimony Concealment, denial
Terse Lengthy, talkative, tedious
Torment Comfort, easy, tranquil
Trifle Serious
Trivial Significant, important
Triumph Lament, fail
Turmoil Quiet, peacefulness
U
Unanimous Discordant, disagreeing
Unique Common, ordinary
Unethical Moral, principled
Unique Common, ordinary
Urbane Brusque, gauche, vulgar
Utopian Practical, real
V
Vague Certain, definite, sure
Vain Useful, effective
Valiant Unheroic, cowardly
Vanish Appear, live, survive
Veil Disclose, uncover
Velocity Slowness, tardiness
Verbose Terse, silent, speechless
Vigour Sickness, weakness
Vivid Dull, unimpressive
Vogue Outdated, unpopular
Voluntary Involuntary
Vulnerable Fortified, strong, invulnerable
W
Warant Forbid, disallow
Wearisome Refreshing, restful
Whimsical Serious, sober earnest
Wretched Fortunate, happy, joyous
Wrinkle Smooth, flat, straighten
Y
Yearn Be contended, be satisfied
Yield Resist, withhold, refuse
Yoke Freedom, liberty
Z
Zeal Apathy, weakness
Zest Exhaustion, dislike, dullness, blandness
Zenith Low, base, bottom, foot
Synonyms
Synonyms

A
Abandon Forsake, give up, abdicate, relinquish.
Anger Rage, fury, resentment.
Aid Help, assistance, support, relief.
Apology Pardon, regret, excuse.
Attack Aggression, assault, invasion, onslaught.
B
Bear Suffer, tolerate, endure, sustain.
Belief Credence, trust, faith, confidence.
Bold Intrepid, courageous, undaunted.
Build Make, erect, construct.
Busy Engaged, occupied, employed, engrossed.
C
Capture Arrest, apprehend, nab, seize.
Champion Victor, defender, supporter, protector.
Clever Skilful, able, intelligent, adroit.
Conceal Veil, hide, disguise, shroud.
Confess Acknowledge, admit, avow, own.
Contribute Assist, help, give, subscribe.
Corrupt Pervert, dishonest, demoralised, debased.
Courage Boldness, valour, bravery, audacity.
Cunning Crafty, shrewd, witty, sly.
D
Dead Deceased, obsolete, lifeless, extinct.
Decide Fix, settle, determine, finalise.
Deed Action, act, work, exploit.
Delay Late, put off, postpone.
Delightful Pleasing, charming, enjoyable, alluring
Destroy Ruin, raze, demolish, devastate.
Develop Cultivate, produce, evolve, grow.
Disaster Catastrophe, misfortune, calamity, tragedy.
Discover Discern, find, reveal, disclose.
Distribute Classify, divide, scatter, apportion.
Divine Holy, superhuman, godlike, celestial.
Dull Boring, stupid, monotonous, blunt.
Dynamic Propulsive, forceful, vigorous, impelling.
E
Effort Trail, venture, endeavour, attempt.
Encourage Inspire, embolden, animate, strengthen.
Enemy Foe, opponent, antagonist, adversary.
Enthusiasm Zeal, force, fervour, spirit.
Erect Build, raise, set-up, construct.
F
Fade Pale, languish, dim, vanish.
Faint Dim, weaken, fade, swoon.
Fame Renown, repute, eminence, distinction.
Flaw Mistake, defect, fault, imperfection.
Forbid Ban, prohibit, inhibit, interdict.
G
Gift Present, donation, contribution, bounty.
Grief Sorrow, distress, affliction, tribulation.
H
Hard Difficult, cruel, firm, stern.
Holy Pious, saintly, godly, blessed.
Horrow Terror, disgust, dread, aversion.
I
Ideal Model, perfect, example, paragon.
Idle Inactive, useless, unemployed, futile.
Independence Freedom, liberty, self-reliance.
Industrious Hard-working, active, diligent, assiduous.
Infinite Timeless, endless, limitless, boundless.
J
Junk Waste, rubbish, refuse, trash.
Just Fair, proper, right, upright.
K
Knowledge Information, understanding, learning.
L
Lack Want, shortage, need, deficiency.
Lazy Slow, sluggish, slothful, indolent.
Liberty Freedom, independence, emancipation.
M
Magnificent Noble, grand, superb, splendid.
Mourn Grieve, bewail, bemoan, lament.
N
Naughty Mischievous, disobedient, wayward.
O
Obtain Attain, get, acquire, procure.
Obvious Manifest, evident, clear, plain.
Offence Insult, wrong, attack, affront.
Outstanding Eminent, prominent, remarkable.
Overcome Defeat, conquer, overthrow, surmount.
P
Pardon Excuse, forgive, overlook, tolerate
Peak Apex, top, pinnacle, summit.
Polite Refined, polished, civil, courteous.
Postpone Defer, delay, shelve, procrasti-nate.
Praise Approval, acclaim, applause.
Pray Beg, request, implore, entreat.
Prize Award, trophy, medal, laurels.
Protect Save, defend, guard, shield.
 Q
Quarrel Dispute, wrangle, controversy.
Quiet Silent, peaceful, tranquil, serene.
Quit Abandon, leave, stop, resign.
R
Raise Lift, increase, stir up, incite.
Recover Regain, recapture, redeem, salvage.
Regard Respect, consider, esteem, note.
Reliable Dependable, trustworthy, reasonable.
Rival Opponent, contender, competitor.
S
Sacred Holy, sanctified.
Scorn Contempt, despise, disdain.
Strange Unusual, unfamiliar, odd.
Struggle Fight, strive, battle.
Summit Top, apex, peak.
T
Target Aim, mark, object, goal.
Trust Faith, belief, confidence.
Teach Educate, train, guide, instruct.
U
Understanding Perception, insight.
Unique Singular, matchless.
V
Vice Sin, degradation, wickedness.
Victory Success, triumph, winning.
W
Wicked Bad, evil, cruel, heartless.
Wedlock Wedding, marriage, matrimony.
Wisdom Learning, judgement, prudence.
Y
Yield Produce, give in, product.
Z
Zeal Enthusiasm, passion, eagerness.
Idioms & Phrases
A cock and bull story - - a false story

A fair crack of the whip - - a period of importance

A foregone conclusion - - an anticipated result

A round dozen - - a full dozen

After one's own heart - - to one's own liking

Apple of discord - - matter of dispute

At a low ebb - - declining

At bay - - in a tight corner

At draggers drawn - - on the point of fighting

At stake - - in danger

Bad blood - - ill feeling

Beggars description - - beyond description

Black sheep - - wicked man

Blue blood - - aristocratic birth

Bottom line - - the essential point

Bring to light - - make open, published

Bull market - - rising

By leaps and bounds - - very rapidly

Capital punishment - - death penalty

Carried the day - - won

Cock and bull story - - absurd story/ unbelievable story

Come to light - - to publish

Cut a sad figure - - cut a sorry figure

Dark horse - - Unknown person

Dead language - - a language which is no longer in use

Dead letter - - law that not in force

Deep water - - in trouble

Dilly dally - - waste time

Dog days - - hot weather

Flesh and blood - - human body

Gift of the gab - - power of delivering speech

Herculean task - - a very difficult task

Hold water - - bear examination

Hush money - - bribed

In black and white - - in writing

In cold blood - - in cool brain

In full swing - - in full activity

In the nick of time - - in right time

Ins and outs - - Full details

Irony of fate - - by bad luck

Lion's share - - major portion

Maiden speech - - first speech

Med over a new leaf - - I opened a new chapter

On the eve of - - just before

Out and out - - thoroughly

Part and parcel - - an integral part

Pin money - - sundry expenses

Pros and cons - - advantages and disadvantages

Rank and file - - common person

Red letter day - - memorable day

Show coach - - a very lazy person

Sit on the fence - - remain neutral in a dispute

Soft soap - - flattery for self motives

Stone's throw - - within very short distance

Through thick and thin - - under all conditions

To be one's wit's end - - not to know what to do

To get along with - - to adjust

To keep one's head - - to keep calm

To meet trouble "half-way”- - to be puzzled

To put the cart before the horse - - to reverse the natural order of things

To raise one's eye-brow - - show surprise or disapproval

To read between the lines - - to grasp the hidden meaning

Up and doing - - active

White elephant - - a very costly and troublesome possession

Widow's mite - - small contribution of a poor man

One Word Substitution
 Study of earth and rocks — Geology
 Study of living things — Biology
 Study of celestial bodies —Astronomy
 Study of the influence of planets and stars — Astrology
 Scientific study of bodily diseases — Pathology
 Study of languages — Philology
 Study of bees — Apiology
 Study of heart/heart diseases — Cardiology
 Study of dogs — Cynology
 Study of trees — Dendrology
 Study of religion — Theology
 Study of heredity — Genetics
 Study of coins — Numismatics
 Study of birds — Ornithology
 Study of human development — Anthropology
 Study of science of insects — Entomology
 Study of problems of old age — Gerontology
 Study of relation between organism and environment — Ecology
 Study of flying aeroplanes — Aviation
 Study of skin/skin diseases — Dermatology
 Study of wine/wine making — Enology/Oenology
 Study of cats — Felinology
 Study of medicine for women — Gynecology/ Gynaecology
 Study of arthropod and reptiles — Hepatology
 Study ofhorses — Hippology
 Study of water — Hydrology
 Study of weather — Meteorology
 Study of kidneys and their diseases — Nephrology
 Study of nerves — Neurology
 Study of cancer — Oncology
 Study of eggs — Oology
 Study of eyes — Ophthalmology
 Study of mountains and their mapping — Orology Study of bones — Osteology
 Study of rocks — Petrology
 Study of earthquakes — Seismology
 Study of snakes — Serpentology
 Study of mouth and its diseases — Stomatology
 Study of poisons (w) — Toxicology
 Study of flags - Vexillology
 Study of animals — Zoology
 Study of medicine for children and their diseases—Paediatrics/Pediatrics
 Study of broken bones — Orthopaedics
 Study of hand writing — Graphology
 Art of good handwriting — Calligraphy
 A written message from far off place — Telegraph
 An expert in writing by hand — Chirographer
 A person who write dictionaries — Lexicographer
 Written by light — Photograph
 An expert in writing (drawing) maps — Cartographer Writing of one's life story —
Biography
 Writing of one's won life story — Autobiography
 Process of printing from a plate — Lithography
 Self-rule or control — Autonomy
 A self moving vehicle — Automobile
 A machine that functions by itself — Automatic
 A signature of oneself — Autograph
 One with unlimited power — Autocrat
 Love for mankind — Philanthropy
 One who loves books as collection — Bibliophile
 One who loves women — Philogyny
 One who loves men — Androphile
 One who loves wisdom — Philosopher
 One who is all powerful — Omnipotent, Almighty One who is all knowing —
Omniscient
 One who is present all over — Omnipresent
 One who eats all kinds of food — Omnivorous
 A book containing all the published work of an author —Omnibus
 Study of religion — Theology
 One who believes in God — Theist
 One who believes in one God —Monotheist
 One who believes in many Gods — Polytheist
 One who believes the presence of God in everything in the universe-- Pantheist
 Practicing only one marriage (having only one wife) — Monogamy
 Practicing two marriages — Bigamy
 Practicing several marriages (having many wives) — Polygamy
 One who hates marriage — Misogamy
 Having several husbands — Polyandry
 One who hates men — Misandrist
 People who have both male and female sexual organs — Gynandries
 People having both male and female characteristics — Androgynous
 The study of human development — Anthropology
 One who hates women — Misogynist
 One who hates marriage — Misogamist
 One who loves his fatherland (country) — Patriot
 One who loves mankind — Philanthropist
 One who hates humans — Misanthrope
 One who hates men — Misandrist
 An inheritance from father — Patrimony
 The state of being father — Paternity
 The killing of a father — Patricide
 A system ruled by father/men — Patriarchy
 The rule or control of mother — Matriarchy
 The killing of a whole race — Genocide
 The killing of a new born child — Infanticide
 The killing of a king — Regicide
 The killing of a human being — Homicide
 The killing of oneself — Suicide.
 The killing of a mother — Matricide
 The school or college one attends — Alma Mater
 The killing of one's own brother — Fratricide
 The killing of one's sister — Sororicide
 The killing of one's wife — Uxoritide
 The killing of one's husband — Mariticide
 The killing of parents — Parricide
 To walk aimlessly — Amble
 A baby carriage — Perambulator (Pram)
 Carriage for sick people — Ambulance
 One who walks in sleep — Somnambulist
 One who walks at night — Noctambulist
 One who walks on ropes — Funambulist
 Living on flesh — Carnivorous
 Living on grass — Herbivorous
Books and Authors
Books and Authors
কবখ্োত লেখ্যক্ের কবখ্োত বই।
Adhe Adhure — Mohan Rakesh
Anand Math — Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
A Passage to India — E.M. Forster
A Bend in the River — V.S. Naipaul
A Bunch of Old Letters — Jawahar Lal Nehru
A Childhood — Harry Crews
A China Passage — J.K. Galbraith
A Coat of Varnish — C.P. Snow
A Dangerous Place — Daniel Patrick Moynihan
A Distant Mirror — Barbara Tuchman
A Farewell to Arms — Ernest Hemingway
A Guide for the Perplexed — E.F. Schumacher
A Judge’s Miscellany — M. Hidyatullah
A Life in Our Times — John Kenneth Galbraith
Agni Pariksha — Acharya Tulsi
Agni Veena — Kazi Nazrul Islam
A Passage to England — Nirad C. Chaudhari
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian — Nirad C. Chaudhari
All Quiet on the Western Front — E.M. Remarque
And Quiet Flows the Don — Mikhail Sholokhov
A Week with Gandhi — Louis Fischer
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes — Arthur Conan Doyle
Aeneid — Virgil
Affluent Society — J.K. Galbraith
Ain-i-Akbari — Abul Fazal
Alice in Wonderland — Lewis Carrol
Ambassador’s Journal — J.K. Galbraith
Animal Farm — George Orwell
Ape and Essence — A. Huxley
Asian Drama — Gunnar Myrdal
Aralu Maralu — Dattatreya Ram Chandra Bendre
Arthashastra — Kautilya
August 1974 — Alexander Solzhenitsyn
A Fragile Man in Literature — Andre Malraux
Accession to Extinction — D.R. Mankekar
A Man with a Country — Edward Hale
A View from New Delhi — Chester Bowles
Advent of Independence — Ashok Majumdar
All the Presidents Men — Carl Berstein and Bob Woodward
All My Yesterdays — Prem Bhatia
Annie Besant — Sri Prakasha
Appointment of Chief Justice — A.R. Antulay
Ascent of the Everest — Sir John Hunt
Austrian Example, The — Kurt Waldheim
Babbit — Sinclair Lewis
Bad Blood — James H. Jones
Ben Hur — Lewis Wallace
Between the Lines — Kuldeep Nayyar
Bhagwad Gita — Veda Vyas
The Blind Beauty — Boris Pasternak
Broken Wing — Sarojini Naidu
Buddha Charitam — Ashwaghosha
Brezhnev—The Mark of Power — John Dernberg
Candles and Roses — Romen Basu
Chidambara — Sumitra Nandan Pant
Cancer Ward — Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Candida — George Bernard Shaw
Candide — Voltaire
Canterbury Tales — Geoffery Chaucer
Communist Manifesto — Karl Marx
Confession of a — Thug Taylor
Continent of Circe — Nirad C. Chaudhari
Centre-State Relations in India — V.K.R.V. Rao
China, Pakistan and Bangladesh — J.P. Jain
Chinese Betrayal — B.N. Mullick
Chittaparavai — P.V. Akilandam
Crisis of India — Ronald Segal
Crime and Punishment — Dostoevsky
Das Capital — Karl Marx
Das Kumar — Charitam Dandin
Detcameron — Boccaccio
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Edward Gibbon
Delhi Under Emergency — John Dayal and Ajay Bose
Democracy through Intimidation and Terror — Prem Nath Bajaj
Disgrace — J. M. Coetzee
Divine Comedy — Dante
Discovery of India — Jawahar Lal Nehru
Don Quixote — Cervantes
Dr. Zhivago — Boris Pasternak
Day in Shadow — Nayantara Sehgal
Dragon’s Teeth — V.B. Sinclair
Earth — Emile Zola
Economic Nightmare of India — Charan Singh
Ends and Means — A. Huxley
Enemy of Society — Paul Jhonson
Expanding Universe — Eddington
Eye of the Storm — Patrick White
Earth and the High Heaven — Gwelthadyu Graham
Eternal India — Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Face to Face — Ved Mehta
Face to Face with Indira Gandhi — R.K. Karanjia, K.A. Abbas
Father and Sons — Ivan Turgenev
Faust — Goethe
Freedom at Midnight — Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins
Fourth Arab-Israel War — Col. B.K. Narayan
For Whom the Bell Tolls — Ernest Hemingway
Friends, Not Masters — Ayub Khan
From India to America — S. Chandra Shekhar
Friends, Not Foes — Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman
Future Shock — Alan Tofler
Future Belongs to Internationalism — Fidel Castro
Gana Devata — Tara Shanker Bandopadhyaya
Gandhi and Stalin — Louis Fischer
Gathering Storm — Winston Churchill
Geet Govind — Jai Dev
General in Politics — Air Marshal Mohd. Asgar Khan
Gitanjali — Rabindra Nath Tagore
Gone with the Wind — Margaret Mitchel
Good Earth — Pearl S. Buck
Great Illusion — Norman Angell
Guide, The — R.K.Narayan
Great Tragedy, The — Z.A. Bhutto
Gulag Archipelago — Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Gull-e-Naghma — Firaq Gorakhpuri
Gulliver’s Travels — Jonathan Swift
Gandhi’s Truth — Eric H. Erikson
God that Failed — Arthur Koestler
Handerson The Rain King — Saul Bellow
Humboldt’s Gift — Saul Bellow
Heat and Dust — Ruth Praver Jhabwala
Himalayan Blunder — Brig. J.P. Dalvi
Hindu View of Life — Dr. Radhakrishnan
History of World War II — Winston Churchill
Hunchback of Notre Dam — Victor Hugo
Higher than Everest — Maj. H.P.S. Ahluwallia
Hindu Civilisation — Radha Kumud Mukherjee
History of Hindu Chemistry — Sir P.C. Ray
Illiad — Homer
India From Curzon to Nehru and After — Durga Das
India Wins Freedom — Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
India of My Dreams — C. Subramaniam
Indian War of Independence — V.D. Savarkar
Inside Asia — John Gunther
Inside Europe — Albert Speer
Inside the Third Reich — H.G. Wells
Invisible Man — Malcolm Muggeridge
Indira Gandhi—Revolution in Restraint — Uma Vasudev
Indira Gandhi—Return of the Red Rose — K.A. Abbas
Indianisation — Balraj Madhok
Jesus Rediscovered — Malcolm Muggeridge
Jobs for our Millions — V.V. Giri
Jungle Book — Rudyard Kipling
Jean Christopher — Roman Rolland
Jeb Katre — Amrita Pritam
Judicial Appointments — Mohan Kumar Manglam
Judicial Review or Confrontation — Justice H.R. Khanna
Kadambari — Bana Bhatt
Kamayani — Jai Shanker Prasad
Kumar Shambhavam — Kalidas
Lady Chatterley’s Lover — Q.H. Lawrence
The Last Circle — Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Last Phase — Pyare Lal
Les Miserables — Victor Hugo
Life Divine — Aurobindo Ghosh
Living an Era — D.P. Misra
Lolita — V. Nabakov
Magnetic Mountain — Cecil Day Lewis
Mahabharat — Ved Vyas
Man From Moscow — Greville Wynne
Many Worlds — K.P.S. Menon
Man and Superman — G.B. Shaw
Man Eaters of Kumayun — Jim Corbett
Man of Property — John Galsworthy
Master of the World House — Mohan Rakesh
Mati Matal — Gopinath Mohanti
Mein Kampth — Hitler
Mother India — Katherine Mayo
Mudra Rakshas — Vishakhadatta
Mukajjia Kanasugalu — Shiv Ram Karanath
My Experiments with Truth — Mahatma Gandhi
My Music, My Life — Yehudi Menuhin
Mrityunjaya — Dr. V.K. Bhattacharya
Myth of Independence — Z.A. Bhutto
Naked Came the Stranger — Penelope Ashe
Naku Thanthe — Dattatreya Ramchandra Bendre
Nisheeth — Uma Shanker Joshi
Odakkuzhai — G. Shanker Kurup
Odyssey — Homer
Old Man and the Sea, The — Ernest Hemingway
One World — Wendell Wilkie
Origin of Species — Charles Darwin
On Contradiction — Mao-Tse-tung
One Life — Christian Bernard
Padmavat — Malik Mohd. Jayasi
Panchatantra — Vishnu Sharma
Paradise Lost — John Milton
Perception of Asian Personality — Ashok Mehta
Pilgrim’s Progress — John Bunyan
Prince, The — Machiavelli
Principia — Issac Newton
Progress, Co-existence and Intellectual Freedom — Andrei D. Sakharov
Pakistan Cut to Size — D.R. Mankekar
Pakistan Crisis — David Loshkak
Parliamentary Democracy — G.S. Pathak
Pavitra Papi — Nanak Singh
Planning and the Poor — B.S. Minhas
PM’s President—A New Concept to Trial — H.N. Pandit
Press, The — M. Chelapati Rao
Press Under Pressure — D.R. Mankekar
Prison and Chocolate Cake — Nayantara Sehgal
Raghuvansa — Kalidas
Rains Came — Louis Bromfield
Rajtarangini — Kalhana
Ramayana Darshanam — K.V. Puttapa
Red Tape and White Cap — P.V.R. Rao
Reprieve — Jean Paul Sartre
Republic — Plato
Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe
Roses in December — M.C. Chagla
Round the World in Eighty Days — Jules Verne
Red Star Over China — Edgar Snow
Relevance of Gandhian Economics — Shriman Narayan
Sakharam Bendre — Vijai Tendulkar
Satyartha Prakash — Swami Dayanand
Scholar Extraordinary — Nirad C. Chaudhari
Shadow From Ladhak — Bhabani Bhattacharya
Shakuntala — Kalidas
Shahnama — Firdausi
Shape of Things to Come — H.G. Wells
Small is Beautiful — Ernest Schumacher
Social Contract — Rousseau
Sreemadramayanam — Dr. Vishwanath Satyanarayan
Step on a Crack — James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge
Story of My Life — Morarji Desai
Sikh’s Today — Khuswant Singh
Kalpavriksham — Satya Narayan
Tafseer-a-Ghalib — Gian Chand Jain
The Chinese Betrayal — B.N. Mullick
The Company of Women — Khushwant Singh
The Lid Off — J.N. Sahni
The Other Side of Midnight — Sydney Shall
The Spirit of India — (Mrs.) Dorothy Norman
The Emergence of Culture in Europe — D.K. Bhattacharya
Towards Total Revolution — Jayaprakash Narain
Ulysses — James Joyce
Uncle Tom’s Cabin — Harriet B. Stowe
Untold Story — B.M. Kaul
Uttar-Ramcharit — Bhavabhuti
Valley of Silence — Nora Roberts
Vermilion Gate — Ling Yutang
Veyipadagalu — Vishwanatha Satyanarayana
War and Peace — Leo Tolstoy
Wealth of Nations — Adam Smith
Why Emergency — M.A. Naidu
Wilhelm Meister — Goethe
Yayati — V.S. Khandekar
Yadon ki Barat — Josh Malihabadi
Zulfi, My Friend — Piloo Modi

Quotations
 A bad workman quarrels with his tools.— Proverb
 A good friend is another himself. —Bacon
 A little learning is a dangerous thing.— Alexander Pope
 A single step for man— a giant leap for mankind.— Neil Armstrong
 A thing of beauty is a joy forever. — Keats
 A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds — Bacon
 Absence of occupation is not rest, A mind quite vacant is a mind distressed. --
Cowper
 Admiration is the daughter of ignorance.—Franklin
 All the world's stage and all the men and women merely players.— Shakespeare.
 Beauty is truth, truth is beauty. — Keats
 Better reign in hell than serve in heaven. — Milton
 Brevity is the soul of wit. — Shakespeare
 Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. — Alexander Pope
 Cowards die many times before their death. — Shakespeare
 Death is the golden key that opens the places of eternity. — John Milton
 Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. — Franklin
 Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others. — Franklin
 Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds — Socrates
 Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. — Alexander Pope
 Frailty, thy name is woman. — Shakespeare
 God is in the heaven all is right with the world.— Browning
 God is on the side of big battailions.— Bernard Shaw
 God made the country and man made the town. — Cowper
 Good nature and good sense must ever join, To err is human, to forgive divine.—
Alexander Pope
 Government of the people, by the people, for the people. — Abraham Lincoln
 He prayeth best who loveth best. — Coleridge
 Help thyself, and God will help thee.— Herbert
 I slept and dreamed that life was beauty. I waked and found that life was duty.— S.
Hooper
 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? — Shelley
 Knowledge is power. - - Hobbes
 Live and let live is a rule of common justice. — Lord Mansfield
 Love looks not with eyes, but with the mind. — Shakespeare
 Man's conscience is the oracle of God.— Lord Byron
 Necessity is the mother of invention. — Latin proverb
 No man can be wise on an empty stomach. ---- George Eliot
 Nothing is good or bad thinking makes it so.— Shakespeare
 One should eat to live, not live to eat. — Franklin
 Our sweetest songs are those that tell us of saddest thoughts. — Shelley
 Pain is the outcome of sin. — Gautam Buddha
 Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. — Shelley
 Politics is the last refuge of scoundrels.— Johnson
 Popular opinion is the greatest lie in the world.— Thomas Carlyle
 Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.— Lord Acton
 Prejudice is the reason of fools. — Voltaire
 Reading maketh a fullman, conference a readyman writting an exact man.— Bacon
 Self- preservation is the first law of Nature.— Samuel Butler
 Some are born great, some achieve greatness, a some have greatness thrust upon
them. ---- Shakespeare
 Some books are to be tested, others to be swallow and some few to be chewed and
digested.— Bacon
 Speech is great, but silence is greater.— Thomas Carlyle
 Success makes success, as money makes money — Chamfort
 Superstition is a religion of feeble minded persons. ---- Edmund Barke
 The child is the father of man.— Wordsworth
 The paths of glory lead but to the grave.— Gray
 They think too little who talk too much.— John Dryden
 We first make our habits and then our habits ma— John Dryden