REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL

LIBERTADOR

RESUMEN CLASES DE INGLES

Autores:
Carlos Andres Diaz Castro

Aguachica, Cesar
29 de octubre de 2022
 IRREGULAR AND REGULAR VERBS

Verbs are a very important part of a language and if you are just beginning to
delve into them, this article will be very useful for you to expand your vocabulary and
make better use of them in your English practice.

In what follows we are going to focus on explaining two types of verbs called
regular and irregular, which are used with the simple past tense I cleaned the kitchen=
I cleaned the kitchen and the perfect tenses since these require the past participle We
have been to Canada three times= We have been to Canada three times.

At the beginning of learning English, it is normal that it is not easy to determine if

a verb is regular or irregular, since the latter do not follow any rule. For this reason
we have made for you a selection of basic verbs of both types and several examples
that will be of great help in the process of memorizing them and identifying whether
they are regular or irregular, pay careful attention and take notes.

Regular and injectable anastrozole honest arbonne arimidex for sale irregular verbs

REGULAR VERBS
Regular verbs are the ones that create the simple past and past participle by adding
-ed to the base form. For example:

regulars verbs
 Although most regular verbs are formed by adding -ed to the basic form, there are
certain variations, which are:

 add -d
If the verb ends in -e . Only the -d is added . No need to add another -e.

Examples:

– Agree – Agreed
– Damage – Damaged

Add -ied
If the regular verb ends in -y it will become -ied .

Examples:
– Carry (Carry, transport) – Carried
– Identify (Identify) – Identified

However, for verbs ending in a vowel + y, the y is left and -ed is added .

Examples:
– Destroy – Destroyed
– Stay – Stayed

IRREGULAR VERBS
These verbs break the rules of regular verbs, that is to say that to form the past or
participle, we do not add ED or D . There are around 200 irregular verbs in English.
We can divide these into four types :

1) Verbs whose basic form, simple past and past participle are the same
Examples:

2) Verbs that have the same past simple and past participle
Examples:

3) Verbs that have the same base form and past participle
Examples:

4) Verbs that have a different base form, past simple and past participle
Examples:
 SIMPLE PRESENT

He present simple or the simple present is part of the verb tenses of English and
with this article you will learn how to use it properly in different situations. You will
find how they are formed (structure), what their main uses are, the correct way to
conjugate English verbs in the present simple, clear examples and some exceptional
cases that will make your communication more natural and precise.

Keys to use the present simple

Let's establish some key conditions so that you can use and express yourself
correctly with the present simple:

1. When you want to communicate states or permanent actions.

Ejemplo: The earth is the third planet from the sun.

2. When manifesting states or situations that are routine or actions that

have periodicity.
Ejemplo: Every ten years is a decade.

3. To talk about habits, routines or events that are repeated in certain

periods of time.
Ejemplo: I drink coffee every morning.

4. When you give directions, instructions and signals.

Ejemplo: You go down this street to the cinema, then you turn right .

5. To transmit appointments, events or commitments that will happen in a

certain time.
 Example: Tomorrow is my birthday!

What is the structure of the present simple in the formation of sentences?

Let's take a careful look at the basic structure used for the formation of affirmative,
negative and interrogative sentences according to this verb tense. In this table you can
see each of its components to understand it better.

The present simple and its structure

Affirmative Subject + verb + object

Negative Subject + auxiliary do/does not + verb +

complement

interrogativ Auxiliary do/does + subject + verb +

e complement

How to conjugate the present simple?

Knowing how to use the present simple in English is not only knowing its
structure, you must also understand the correct form for its correct conjugation of
verbs in present simple tens.

The conjugation of the present simple in examples

 Present Simple: to drink (tomar)

Affirmative Negative interrogative

I drink too much I do not drink too Do I drink too

coffee much coffee much coffee?

You drink too You do not drink Do you drink too

much coffee too much coffee much coffee?

He drinks too He does not Does he drink too

much coffee drink too much much coffee?
coffee

She drinks too She does not Does she drink too
much coffee drink too much much coffee?
coffee

It drinks too It does not drink Does it drink too

much coffee too much coffee much coffee?

We drink too We do not drink Do we drink too

much coffee too much coffee much coffee?

They drink too They do not Do they drink too

 much coffee drink too much much coffee?
coffee

The present simple and the third person

To better understand the present simple in English, we will see 4 rules for its
correct use: in the first two we will be able to observe how the present simple
influences only the third person, while in the third and fourth rules it directly affects
the subjects and conjugations. .

Rule 1: In the affirmative sentences of the present simple, all verbs are added an -s
at the end. Do not forget that, when found in negative and interrogative sentences, the
-s should not be put.
When verbs end in -o, -sh, -ch, -ss, -x and -z you must add -es to the end. For
example:

Verb Third person

To go He goes

To wish She wishes

To He catches
catch

To kiss She kisses

 To mix He mixes

To whiz She whizzes

Rule 2: In the third person, does is the auxiliary to use; however, do is used for
the first and second person singular and plural.

Affirmative sentences

He 

She  DOES

It 

Rule 3: To be is the most used irregular verb in English, so we recommend you

study and learn all its conjugation forms:
 Negative Interrogative
Affirmative sentences sentences sentences

Pronoun Verb to be Verb to be Subject

I am Am not Am I?

You are Are not Are You?

He is Is not Is He?

She is Is not Is She?

It is Is not Is It?

We are Are not Are We?

They are Are not Are They?

Rule 4: To use the present simple with the modal verbs (can, must, may), you
must take into account that there are two exceptions.
 You should never add -s or -es to them.

Incorrect Correct

Your dog cans play in this Your dog can play in this
place place

He musts be back by Tuesday He must be back by Tuesday

She mays past the IELTS test She may past the IELTS test

When using the present simple in negation and interrogation sentences, modal
verbs should never have the auxiliary do/does, for example:

Negative Interrogative

Your dog cannot play in this Can your dog play in this
place place?

He must not be back by Must he be back by

Tuesday Tuesday?
 She may not pass the IELTS May she pass the IELTS
test test?

PAST SIMPLE

As we have said before, the past simple or past simple of English is a verb tense
that expresses situations or actions that occurred in the past, and although they can be
from the recent past or the distant past, their duration is not important; It should only
be understood that these have already ended.

There are some cases that have context expressions, which will help you explain
when the events occurred. These can go at the beginning or at the end and will make
the idea clearer.

A year ago I was in  I was in Paris a  A year ago I was in

Paris year ag Paris

In 1989 The Berlin The Berlin Wall fell The Berlin Wall fell
Wall fell in 1989  in 1989

When we were We played When we were

kids we played barefoot when we children we played
barefoot were kids barefoot

What is the structure for the past simple sentences?

 Below you will see how the sentences of the simple past of English are structured,
depending on the type of verb (regular - irregular) that is used.

Structure of the simple past with regular verbs

To properly use the structure of the past simple, let's first remember some
important points about the endings of this type of verb.
1. -d is the ending of verbs that end in e.

Verb in basic
Past Example
form

Arrive Arrived I arrived five minutes ago= I arrived

5 minutes ago

Change Changed She changed her mind = She

changed her mind

Love Loved He loved his wife = He loved his

husband

2. -ed is the ending of verbs that end in a consonant or in y. Remember that when
the verb ends in a consonant+y, you must replace the y with i and then add the
ending -ed.

Verb in
Past Example
basic form
 Walk Walked They walked around the whole city=
They walked around the whole city

Kiss Kissed I kissed a frog when I was 13

Enjoy Enjoyed He enjoyed the whole trip = He enjoyed

the whole trip

Play Played We played tennis after school = We

played tennis after school

Marry Married She got married 5 times = She got

married 5 times

Try Tried He tried a new diet = He tried a new diet

Now that we've seen how verbs are modified, let's look at the structure for each type
of sentence and some examples of its use.

Affirmative Subject + verb (-d, -ed) + object

He lived in London 2 years= He lived in London 2

 years

I cried when he died= I cried when he died 

Negative   Subject + did not + verb in basic form + complement

We didn't argue this morning = We didn't argue this

morning

He didn't enjoy his birthday party 

She didn't finish her degree = She did not finish her
degree

interrogative Did + subject + verb in basic form + complement

Did she clean her house yesterday? = Did she clean

her house yesterday? 

Did he call you? = Did he call you? 

 FUTURE SIMPLE

Do you want to talk about your next vacation? Or maybe where you want to work in a
few years? What you want to buy for your birthday? For all this and more, the future
simple in English is used through will. In this table you can see its uses:

Functions of the Simple Future

Will Example Translation

Likely future events It will snow this It's going to snow this
weekend weekend

Spontaneous I will pick you up I'm going to pick you

decisions or ideas tomorrow up tomorrow

Willingness to do They will repair They are going to fix

an activity my TV tomorrow my television
tomorrow.

Give orders You will not go to You're not going to the

the party! party!
 propose or invite Will you marry Will you marry me? 
something me?

How the future simple is formed in affirmative, negative and interrogative

These are the structures of the future simple using the auxiliary will in the
affirmative, negative and interrogative forms:

Structure of the Future Simple

Mode Structure Examp Contracti Translati

le on on

Affirmative Subject + She She’ll She will

auxiliary will come to come to
will + verb come the the
in infinitive to the country country
+ countr next year next year
complemen y next
t year 

Negative Subject + They They They are

auxiliary will not won’t not going
will + not + cook cook this to cook
verb in this week this week
infinitive + week 
complemen
t
 Interrogati Auxiliary Will he Does not Is he
ve will + play in apply going to
subject + the play the
verb in next next
infinitive + match match?
complemen ? 
t?

Futuro con going to

There is another future form that uses going to instead of will . You have to know the
uses of each one well to avoid confusion, since one of its translations is to go to do .

Going to is used for:

 Plans that are 100% sure to happen:
Examples:

 I am going to present my final exams tomorrow .

 I am going to see you this holiday season
 They are going to eat out tonight .
 Predictions that are certain

Examples:

 Your concert is going to be the best of the year! (Your concert is going to be
the best of the year).
 I am not going to study law in that university .
 We are not going to spend all day together .
These are the sentence structures that use going to in their affirmative, negative and
interrogative forms:

Structures with going to

Mode Structure Example Translation

Affirmative Subject + verb I am going I'm going to

to be + going to to eat a eat a
+ verb in sandwich sandwich
infinitive + tonight. tonight
complement

Negative Subject + verb She is not She will not

to be + not + going to go go to the
going to + verb to the movies with
in infinitive + cinema us
complement with us.

Interrogative Verb to be + Are you Are you going

Subject + going going to to write the
to + verb in write the email for the
infinitive + email for client?
complement? the client?

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Do you want to know what the present continuous is? Ask yourself or someone else
what they are doing right now. The answer will be within the framework of this mode
of conjugation. Therefore, this verb tense in English is essential to start conversations
with other people, among other situations that will be discussed throughout this
article.

Present continuous: use

The five main uses of the present continuous are:

1. Describe actions that occur at the exact moment of speaking or writing

Ejemplo: You are studying English.

2. Set contexts. Talk about general, personal or social situations that occur today.
In these cases, it can be accompanied by adverbs such as currently, lately or
these days , among others.

Ejemplo: She is working a lot lately.

3. Advance facts, appointments, events or actions that will occur in the future.
Whoever speaks must be sure that they will occur.

Ejemplo: They are going to the zoo next Saturday.

4. Mention temporary events.

Ejemplo: Today is snowing, but yesterday was sunny.

5. Describe actions that occur constantly. In these cases, the sentence is

reinforced with adverbs such as always, forever, constantly , among others.
Ejemplo: The birds are always singing since sunrise

How to form the present continuous (structure)

Like other verb tenses, the present continuous in English has three moods:
affirmative, negative, and interrogative. In this table you can find how it is formed:

Affirmative Subject + verb to be + verb in gerund + object 

Negative Subject + verb to be + not + verb in gerund +

complement 

Interrogative Verb to be + subject + verb in gerund + object 

Conjugation of the present continuous

Below, you can find a table with which you can visualize how the structure affects
the conjugation of verbs in the present continuous:

Conjugation in present continuous (listen)

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am listening to I am not Am I listening to

 music listening to music music?

You are You are not Are you

listening to music listening to music listening to music?

He is listening to He is not Is he listening to

music listening to music music?

She is listening to She is not Is she listening to

music listening to music music?

It is listening to It is not listening to Is it listening to

music music music?

We are We are not Are we listening to

listening to music listening to music music?

They are They are not Are they

listening to music listening to music listening to music?

PAST PROGRESSIVE/ PAST CONTINUOUS

You know it by different names: past continuous, past continuous or past progressive.
In the end, it is one of the most important and used verb tenses in English. For this
reason and in order to improve your verbal and written expression when using it, here
you can find when you should use it, the affirmative, negative and interrogative
structures, as well as examples

How and when is the past continuous used?

The past continuous in English is used to:
1. Express actions or states that were taking place in the past when another
action or state interrupts or reinforces it. For example:
  I was walking when I saw an eagle .
2. Offer context, that is, give information about facts or situations in a specific
time.
 Last year, I was studying for the exams

3. Mention two or more actions from the past that happened at the same time.
 While my son was playing videogames, I was sleeping in his bedroom .

How is the past continuous formed?

The structures of the past continuous in its affirmative, negative and interrogative
forms are as follows:

Forms of the past continuous in English

Mode Structure Example  Translation

Affirmative Subject + Your dog Your dog was

auxiliary verb was playing playing with
(to be) + gerund with its toys his toys when
verb (ing) + when I I arrived.
complement arrived

Negative Subject + I was not I wasn't

auxiliary verb studying studying
(to be) + not + Physics at Physics back
gerund verb that time. then
(ing) +
complement
 Interrogative Auxiliary verb Were you Were you
(to be) + subject eating eating sweets
+ gerund verb candies when I
(ing) + when I entered the
complement + ? entered the room?  
room?

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

Do you know what you are going to be doing this afternoon, next week or in five
years? The future continuous, or future continuous, is the correct verb tense to
express it. Thanks to this type of use, the future progressive, as it is also known, is
widely used in certain talks or writings where the reason is that you talk about your
goals, dreams or predictions for a certain time.

When is the future continuous used?

Six main uses can be established for the future continuous in English:

1. Express a future action at a specific time.

Example: At 7:00, I will be buying my groceries.
2. Indicate that a future action is interrupted by another.
Example : They will be cooking when you arrive.
3. Present assumptions that could happen in the future, or even in the present.
Example : In 10 years, I will be owning a flying car.
4. Talk about actions that begin in the present and will continue to develop in the
future.
Example : She will be writing jokes for a good while.
5. Mention two parallel actions in the future.
Example : This afternoon, he will be studying and eating at the same time.
6. Ask in a polite way about an event that could happen in the future.
Example : Will Jessica be watching a movie with us this weekend? (Is Jessica going
to see a movie with us this weekend?).