COMMUNICATIVE LISTEN, LEARN , APPLY

ENGLISH
SMART TIPS TO FLUENT ENGLISH
 Don’t worry too much about making mistakes
 Don’t try to speak too fast
 Be a confident speaker
 Be aware of chunks
 Make substitutions
 Do not follow the written style
 Speak spontaneously
 Don’t let the starting trouble disturb you
 Hear English everywhere
 Develop your vocabulary
INTRODUCTION TO THE ART
OF COMMUNICATION
  Which is the easiest language in the world?

 Why do you think English is difficult?

 Where did English originate?

STORY OF ENGLISH
PARAMETERS OF
COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Pronunciation – the right way to pronounce the words
Grammar – The correct way to create sentences and use them
functionally.
Vocabulary – The ability to sustain a particular conversation for
some time.
Fluency – The capability to speak in a balance rate of speech with
minimum fillers, foghorns and hesitation.
 
ACTIVITY – MINEFIELD
PARTS OF SPEECH THE KEY INGREDIENTS
USED
ACTIVITY
You are cooking a dish and you have to add ingredients and prepare that dish. How
will you go about it???
TYPES OF NOUNS
Nouns

Common Noun Proper Noun

Collective

Abstract
KINDS OF NOUNS
 Some nouns have singular
NUMBER : SINGULAR & and
plural but some don’t
PLURAL
Singular Plural No Plurals Plurals
• Doctor • Doctors • Goodness • Scissors
• Examination • Examination • Stability • Trousers
• Person s • Contentment • Series
• Persons
NAMING WORD ACTIVITY
 Chain Story …
HEALTH FRUIT VEGETABLE

DIET OBESITY VITAMIN

EVIDENCE ILLNESS FOOD

RESEARCH ADVICE NUTRIENT

MILLETS PROCESSED FOOD HOME COOKED

PRONOUN
S
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
this, which,
he, they
these who

none, his, myself,

several your herself
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
This car belongs to us.
The matter is between Chris and me.

Only you are allowed to attend the party.

I heard him telling them about the movie.

The headmistress likes her a lot.
She asked me to review it by this evening.
It is an endangered species now.

You are old enough to dress yourself.

The dog covered itself with dirt.
They were discussing amongst themselves.
This is the lady who helped me.
This is the book that my mother wrote.
There is the man whose horse won the race.
This is the house which belongs to my great-grandfather.
This is the person whom we met at the party.

Who is there at the door?

Which is your book?
Whom were you speaking to?
What do you mean?

Both have paid homage to their great ancestors.

All of the players we count on are out of form.
Several people were killed in the accident.
None of us had any money to buy enough food.
Those are my neighbour’s dogs.
This is my bicycle.
These are cakes and those are burgers.
That is my bag.

This dress is mine.

This is my dress .
That school is hers.
This is her school.
This house is theirs.
This is their house.
Replace the nouns by with correct pronouns

 My name is Sue. ---- am English. ---- is my family.

 My mum's name is Angie. ----- is from Germany.
 Bob is my dad. ------is a waiter.
 On the left you can see Simon. ------  is my brother.
------  are twins.
 Our dog is a girl, Judy. ----- Is two years old.
 ------  live in Canterbury. ---- is not far from London.
 My grandparents live in London. -----  often come and see us.
 What can ----tell me about your family?
THE ADJECTIVE

Grammar
 Adjectives are
words that • This is a strong drug.
describe nouns • This is a stronger drug.
and have a • This is the strongest drug.
degree. This
helps you
• He is a tall man.
understand the • He is a taller man.
extent of • He is the tallest man.
description.

ADJECTIVES
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
ADVERBS
Adverbs are used to describe adjectives, verbs or another adverb. They tell us how
where or when some thing is done. In other words, they describe the manner, place
or time of an action.
She came yesterday.
Of course, I looked everywhere!
She was walking very quickly.
ADVERBS OF MANNER -
EXPLANATION
They talk about how some things are done or happen.
E.g. Happily, angrily, slowly, quickly etc.
1) She walked slowly
2) He drove carefully
3) The soldiers fought bravely
ADVERBS OF MANNER –
POSITION
Adverbs of manner normally go in end position ( end of a clause).
She sang well.
He talked loudly.
He managed it skilfully.
She speaks English well.
ADVERBS OF PLACE

They answer the question WHERE ?

The boys are playing upstairs.

The dog is in the garden.
Its very sunny but cold outside.
English and German are closely related
His children go everywhere with him
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Some adverbs and adverb phrases answer the question, HOW OFTEN AN ACTION
IS DONE?
The kids always go to school by Bus.
I will never make that mistake again.
I clean my bedroom everyday.
Dad polishes his shoes twice everyday.
ADVERBS OF TIME
They answer the question WHEN ?
The train has already left.
We moved into our new house last week.
I am going to my new school tomorrow.
He called here a few minutes ago.
We shall now begin to work.
THE
VERB
Action Verbs

Helping Verbs

Modal Verbs
 ACTION WORDS -
VERBS
An action verb shows action
it tells what the subject of the sentence does.
Bill hit the ball.
The Cat purred gently.
I walk to the school.
A Linking verb shows connection
It links or connects the subject to the Predicate.
Am, is, are, was, be, been, seems, feels, tastes.
HELPING VERBS
Helps a main verb express action . It helps express tense and voice.
They always need an action word with them.
E.g. Susie will go to the store.
Here will is the helping verb and go is the action verb
He was eating his food.
Common helping verbs – shall, will, should, would, had, has, do, did, is, are, was,
Must, might, could, may, have, am, being been etc.
 A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a
preposition; the combination creates a meaning
different from the original verb.
Ex :
get ….. to obtain
get together………. to meet

add……mathematical operation
add up…..to make sense

break…separate into pieces or interrupt

break into…..enter forcibly
TRY THESE : Go up Take care of

Ask for Suggest

Talk about Request

Come up with fix/establish clearly

Come across Examine

Look at Discover

Look after Explode

Pin down Ascend

Blow up Discuss

Chip in Help
VERB TENSES
Verbs are the only words that change their form to show tense.

Tense indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the
verb

Common tenses are

Past, Present, Future

Each of these has sub variants

 
Past tense Present tense Future tense
Simple tense I spoke English. I speak English. I/You/We/He/She/It/They will
He/She/It spoke English. He/She/It speaks English. speak English
We/They/You spoke English They/We speak English.

Continuo-us tense I/He/She/It was speaking I am speaking English. I/She/He/It/We/You/They will

English. He/She/It is speaking English. be speaking English.
We/You/They were speaking They/We/You are speaking
English. English.

Perfect tense I/She/He/We/It/You/They had I/We/They/You have Spoken I/She/He/We/It/You/They will

spoken English. English have spoken English.
He/She/It has spoken English.

Perfect continuo-us I/You/We/He/She/It/ I//You/We/ I/She/It/He/We/You/They/

They had been speaking They have been speaking will have been speaking
tense
English. English English.
He/She/It – Has been speaking
English
  PAST TENSE PRESENT TENSE FUTURE TENSE
Simple Tense S+V2+O I/THEY = S+V1+O S+WILL+V1+O
Action happened or took place in the HE/SHE/IT = S+V1’S + O Action will happen or take
past Action happens or takes place in place in the future
the present
Continuous Tense I/HE/SHE/IT = I/HE/SHE/IT = S+WIIL BE +V1+ING+O
S+WAS/+V1+ING+O S+AM/IS/+V1+ING+O Action will be continuing in
THEY = S+WERE/+V1+ING+ O THEY = S+ARE/+V1+ING+ O the future
Action was continuing in the past Action is continuing in the
present
Perfect Tense S+HAD+V3+O HE/SHE/IT = S+HAS/+V3+O S+WILL HAVE+V3+O
Action had completed in the past THEY/I = S+HAVE/+V3+O Action will have completed
in the future
Action has completed in the
present
Perfect Continuous S+HAD BEEN+ING+O HE/SHE/IT = S+HAS S+WILL HAVE
Action began in the past continued BEEN/+V1+ING+O BEEN+V1+
Tense
for some time and completed in the THEY/I = S+HAVE ING+O
past BEEN/+V1+ING+O Action will begin in the
future, continue for some
Action began in the past and is time and will be completed
continuing till the present in the future
 MODALS
It is a verb that cannot work without another verb.

These include can, will, must, may, would, could, 
should and shall. They are never followed by ‘to’.
 MATCH
He must be on time to make a good Ability
impression.
Anju wants to know if she can call back on Obligation
Sunday morning.

He has offered to bring dessert for the party. Advice

You should visit a doctor. Possibility

She says she may be available on Friday. Permission

IF YOU COULD VISIT YOUR
DREAM PLACE…
SUBJECT AND VERB
AGREEMENT
 Basic Rule

SUBJECT VERB A singular subject (she, Bill, car)

takes a singular verb (is, goes,
AGREEMENT shines), whereas a plural subject
RULES takes a plural verb. In the past tense
the verb remains the same.
 
Ex : The list of items is/are on the
desk.
The list of items to be bought is on the desk.

Singular subject will always take a singular verb.

The lists of items to be bought are on the desk.

Plural subject will always take a plural verb.

 Rule 1 :

A subject will come before a phrase

SUBJECT VERB beginning with of. This is a key
AGREEMENT rule for understanding subjects. The
word of is the culprit in many,
RULES perhaps most, subject-verb
  mistakes.

Ex : A bouquet of yellow roses lend

colour and fragrance to the room.
 A bouquet of yellow roses lend colour and fragrance to the room.

 The colours of the rainbow are beautiful.

 Rule 2 :

SUBJECT Two singular subjects connected by or,

either/or, or neither/nor require a
VERB singular verb. 
AGREEMENT Ex : My aunt or my uncle is arriving
by train today.
RULES Ex : Neither Neel nor Kartika is
available.
Ex : Either Seetha or Ravi is helping
today with stage decorations.
 My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.

 Neither Neel nor Kartika is available.

 Either Seetha or Ravi is helping today with stage

decorations.
 Rule 3 :

SUBJECT The verb when we use or, either/or, or

VERB neither/nor sentence agrees with the
noun or pronoun closest to it.
AGREEMENT Ex :

RULES  Neither the plates nor the serving

bowl goes on that shelf.
 Neither the serving bowl nor the
plates go on that shelf.
 Neither the plates nor the serving bowl goes on that shelf.
 Neither the serving bowl nor the plates go on that shelf.
 Rule 4 :

SUBJECT As a general rule, use a plural verb

with two or more subjects when they
VERB are connected by and.
Ex : C
AGREEMENT
RULES Exceptions :
 Breaking and entering is against the
law.
 The bed and breakfast was
charming.
 A car and a bike are my means of transportation.

The cow and the pig are jumping over the moon.

Exceptions :
Breaking and entering is against the law.
The bed and breakfast was charming.
 Rule 5 :

SUBJECT Sometimes the subject is separated from

the verb by such words as along with, as
well as, besides, not, etc. These words
VERB and phrases are not part of the subject.
Ignore them and use a singular verb
AGREEMENT when the subject is singular.

RULES   Ex :
 The politician, along with the
newsmen, is expected shortly.
 Excitement, as well as nervousness, is
the cause of her shaking.
 
MAD LIBS ACTIVITY
In the board, come up with a variety of sentences with either the subject or the verb
missing. Use your knowledge to determine what type of subject or verb should be
inserted. Try to come up with funny or ridiculous subjects and verbs. Read your
completed sentences aloud to the class to make this activity even more fun. Ask
other students to identify any mistakes.
 
 Rule 6 :
SUBJECT
VERB Use a singular verb with distances,
periods of time, sums of money, etc.,
AGREEMENT when considered as a unit.

RULES Ex :
 Three miles is too far to walk.
 Five years is the maximum
sentence for that offense.
 Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
 Three miles is too far to walk.

 Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense.

 Ten dollars is a high price to pay.

 Rule 7 :
With words that indicate portions—e.g., a lot, a
SUBJECT majority, some, all—Rule 1 given earlier in this
section is reversed, and we are guided by the noun
after of. If the noun after of is singular, use a
VERB singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.
 Ex :
AGREEMENT  A lot of the pie has disappeared.

RULES A lot of the pies have disappeared.


 A third of the city is unemployed.
 A third of the people are unemployed.
 All of the pie is gone.
 All of the pies are gone.
 Some of the pie is missing.
 Some of the pies are missing.
 A lot of the pie has disappeared.
 A lot of the pies have disappeared.
 A third of the city is unemployed.
 A third of the people are unemployed.
 All of the pie is gone.
 All of the pies are gone.
 Some of the pie is missing.
 Some of the pies are missing.
 SUBJECT Rule 8 :

VERB The word ‘were’ replaces was in

AGREEMENT sentences that express a wish or are
contrary to fact.
RULES  
Ex :
 If Joe were here, you'd be sorry.
 If Pradeep were here, you'd be sorry.
 If Seetha were here she would be very excited.
 Rule 9 :

SUBJECT  Indefinite pronouns are non-specific

words like someone, others, several or
VERB none.
 Some of these pronouns are always
AGREEMENT singular or always plural. But some
can change their number—they can be
RULES either singular or plural, depending on
the context.
Ex : Everyone sings in the shower
Ex : All of the milk has spilled on the
table.
Everyone sings in the shower
All of the milk has spilled on the table.
 Rule 10 :

SUBJECT In sentences beginning

VERB with here or there, the
follows the verb.
true subject

AGREEMENT
RULES Ex :

 There are four hurdles to jump.
 There is a high hurdle to jump.
 Here are the keys.
 There are four hurdles to jump.
 There is a high hurdle to jump.
 Here are the keys.
1.Annie and her brothers is at school.
2. Either my mother or my father are coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats is outside.
4. Either my shoes or your coat are always on the floor.
5. George and Tamara doesn't want to see that movie.
6. Benito don't know the answer.
SENTENCE
7. One of my sisters are going on a trip to France. CORRECTION
8. The man with all the birds live on my street.
9. The movie, including all the previews, take about two hours to watch.
10. The players, as well as the captain, want to win.
11. Either answer are acceptable.
12. Every one of those books is fiction.
13. Nobody know the trouble I've seen.
14. Are the news on at five or six?
15. Is the tweezers in this drawer?
PREPOSITIONS
COMMON PREPOSITIONS
About Between In spite of
Above By Instead of
Across Because of Of
Among During Off
Around Expect On
At For Over
According to From On account of
Along with In Through
Before Inside To
Behind Into Toward
Below in addition to Under
Beneath In front of With
Beside In place of
THE
CONJUNCTION
Coordinating conjunctions (join words or phrases of equal importance. E.g.
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

Subordinating conjunctions (join dependent clauses to independent clauses. E.g. if, that,
though, although, unless, when, while, as, because, since, until, ever, since, as soon as) (A
relative pronoun always acts as a subordinating conjunction)
 Sentence Combining: Paragraphs
 
The Boston Red Sox were three games down. The Red Sox had to win the
next four games to advance. Fans were worried. Boston had not won a
World Series since 1918. No team had ever come back in the playoffs
from a three-game deficit. All of the fans knew this. Red Sox fans
watched anxiously as the fourth game of the ALCS began. Yankees fans
watched confidently. They also knew that anything could happen. People
wanted to watch a good series. They did not expect it to be such a nail-
biter! David Roberts stole second base. This move would be remembered
as the turning point of the series. Nobody believed the Red Sox would
win that year. The Red Sox won that year. The Yankees would not win the
World Series for another five years. In 2009, the Yankees won the World
Series.
 CONJUNCTIONS EXERCISE
1.I like sugar in my tea, …………       I don't like milk in it.

2 Listen to the story  ………….           answer the questions in complete sentences.

3 Is it Thursday ……..          Friday today?

4 He was late   ………          the bus didn't come.

5 We were very tired   ………..  happy after our flight to Sydney.

6They climbed the mountain  ………..   it was very windy.

7  ……….. Lenny was watching the planes his wife was reading in the car.

8 I'll text you …………    I have arrived in Toronto.

9 Neither my brother  …………..     my sister own a car.

10 The sun was warm,  …………….   the wind was a bit too cool.
 THE
INTERJECTION
“A word or phrase that expresses emotion and has no
grammatical relationship with the rest of the sentence.”
IDENTIFY THE
INTERJECTIONSDENTIFY
THE INTERJECTIONS
1.Hi, I'm glad that you could make it to my party.
2.Wow! You look great tonight.
3.That was the best performance that I have ever seen, bravo!
4.I can’t believe you broke my favorite toy, bah.
5.Hmm, I wonder where I put my keys and wallet?
6.Miners used to shout, eureka, when they struck gold.
7.“Shoo!” shouted the woman when she saw the cat licking milk from her cereal bowl.
8.I guess that’s the end of the movie, darn.
9.Stop! You should always wear a helmet when riding a bike.
10.Yippee, I made this picture all by myself.
TRY THESE
 ………………MLA
 ………………SMS
 ……………….honest person.
 ……………….hour and a half.
 ……………….university.
 ……………….European country
 ……………….one eyed man
Use “a” before words that have a consonant sound

Use “an” before words that begin with vowel sound

‘a’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles which introduce a noun or speaks of a random noun.

“the” is a definite article which recalls a noun that has/ had been previously introduced or speaks of a specific
noun.

ARTICLES AS ADJECTIVES
Use A, AN or THE :

1.   ---- Man is mortal. 7.    Harish Chandra was --- honest king.

2.    I am --- university student. 8.    I am fond of ---- classical music.

3.    She goes to temple in --- mornings. 9.    I met --- boy in the store.

4.    Kiran is _______ best student in the 10.  Gold is --- precious metal.

class. 11.  She returned after--- hour.
5.    _______ camel is the ship of the desert. 12.  There is--- institution for --- blind in
I ran the obstacle course in record time. (active)
The obstacle course was run by me in record time. (passive)

We are going to watch a movie tonight. (active)

A movie is going to be watched by us tonight. (passive)

The crew paved the entire stretch of highway. (active)

The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew. (passive)

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

BASIC RULES TO CHANGING VOICE
Rewrite the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the active voice.
1.    We are taught grammar by Ms Sullivan.
2.    He was praised by the teacher.
3.    The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen.
4.    The town was destroyed by an earthquake.
5.      The thieves were caught by the police.
Quoting the exact words of the speaker is called “The Direct Speech”.

Ex : David said, “I am writing a letter now”.

Reporting of what a speaker said without quoting his exact words is called ‘Indirect
Speech’.

Ex : David said that he was writing a letter then.

DIRECT
AND REPORTED SPEECH
 Two teams have to write 10 direct speech sentences each. The other two have
to write 10 indirect sentences each. After that teams to swap the sentences and
convert into the other speech. Direct to indirect and indirect to direct.
  

REPORTED SPEECH ACTIVITY

1) Its or it’s
2) Gone or went
3) Since or for
4) Me or I
5) Affect or effect
6) Who or whom
7) Then or than

COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES

8) Farther and further
9) Between and among
10)Except or accept
11) Good and well

COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES

 Advise /advice
accept/except
Aloud / allowed
All together / altogether
Along / a long
Desert / dessert
Principal / principle
Complement / compliment
 Insure/ensure
 Capitol/capital

COMMON VOCABULARY MISTAKES

COMMON PRONUNCIATION
ERRORS
Cabin: This word for a private office area is often heard mispronounced as kay-bin. It should
be pronounced as Cab-in (cab as in taxicab). In offices around the country you can find
people at all levels using this massive distortion, but once you get used to the proper spelling
it's an easy transition. 

Data: should be day-ta not daa-taa which is also usually heard in offices. Surprisingly

people from the IT sector and database consultants also sometimes also mispronounce this
word which is so fundamental to their work. 

Dengue: This disease is pronounced as Deng-ee (pronunciation of 'gee' as in geese). It is

not Deng-goo. People all over the world mispronounce this word - after all it is not
indigenous to most of us. But there have been so many cases in India recently (unfortunately)
that this is good to know. 
COMMON PRONUNCIATION
ERRORS
Dessert: It is pronounced dizz-urt, (pronunciation of u as in sun). You would order dessert at a restaurant. It sounds
different from desert (with one s) which is the pronounced dez-ert (as in Thar desert). 

Bowl: It is pronounced bol (rhyming with pole). Not as ba-ool which sounds very funny (and in fact sounds too much
like bowel). 

Truth: It is pronounced true-th and not tru-th (long 'oo' not short 'u'). The same actually goes for the word tooth (it's
not tu-th) 

Epitome: The correct pronunciation is ep-i-tummy, instead of what people, and again this is people everywhere,
usually end up saying, epi-tome (rhyming with Rome). 

Executive: Should be pronounced eggs-eck-uh-tiv, not exe-cute-tiv which is commonly heard. If you especially want

to be a top executive at a major corporation - saying this word correctly would seem quite important.  

Develop: The correct pronunciation is dih-vel-up, and not as day-vuh-lupp. Extending that to 
INDIANISM

Get used to thinking in English rather than your first language

Use simple and short sentences to reduce the margin of error
Refrain from repeating words to emphasize a point
Avoid using tag questions while speaking
Use of double negatives is grammatically incorrect
The subject of a sentence must agree with the verb
Avoid offering explanation to everything that you say
Stay away from redundancies
Use active voice
INDIANISM

Indianism Actual Usage

Mrs. (First name)
I’m not getting you
Come again?
Hit STOP
Repeat it once again
Regarding?
Where do you stay or put up?
Lot many things
Wait
Firstly, secondly, thirdly
Me and my brother
Mrs. (Last name)
I’m sorry I didn’t understand.
Could you please repeat?
Press STOP
Could you please repeat what you just said?
What is it regarding?
Where do you live?
Many things
Please wait a moment
First, second, third
My brother and I
SENTENCE SYNTAX
Every sentence has two parts –
The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the Subject
of the sentence.
The part which tells something about the subject is called the Predicate of the
sentence .
( The Subject usually comes first but occasionally it is put after the predicate )

John often comes late to class

John is the Subject here and The predicate is OFTEN COMES LATE TO CLASS
 IDENTIFY THE SUBJECT AND
PREDICATE
1. I am from India.
2. Ram loves to eat Chinese.
3. My mother is 55 years old.
4. Here comes the bus.
5. The sea has many thousand sands
6. Raman eats a lot of pasta.
7. I appreciate your help.
8. They believe in fate.
9 . I bought some cakes.
10. On top of the hill lives the hermit.
PHRASE AND A CLAUSE
A group of words which make sense, but not complete sense is called a Phrase.
E.g. In the Corner
A group of words that form a part of sentence and contains a subject and predicate is
called a Clause.
E.g. I think you have made a mistake.
(The words in italic is the clause )
BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE PATTERN

Simple English sentences follow the Subject + Verb + Object pattern.

REARRANGE THE WORDS IN CORRECT
ORDER TO MAKE COMPLETE SENTENCES
1. That pretty girl / is drinking / milk now
2. The robbers yesterday / the police / caught
3. Our teacher / like /we
4. My mother / my baby sister / is looking after
5. Has just written / a letter / the tall man
6. The students / have solved / some Mathematics problems
7. Her aunt tomorrow / will visit / Mary
8. Newspapers every day / my boss / reads
BASIC ENGLISH SENTENCE
PATTERN
In case of a preposition in front of indirect object, the pattern of the sentence is:

Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Preposition + Indirect Object

E.g. – My friend has sent a letter to me.

Subject = My friend
Verb = has sent
Direct Object = a letter
Preposition = to
Indirect Object = me
REARRANGE THE WORDS IN CORRECT ORDER TO MAKE
COMPLETE SENTENCES

1. The short man / has bought / some crayons from the stationery shop / for his son
2. The policeman / has just shown / the driver / his driving license
3. The patient / gave / some medicine / the nurse
4. Brought / me / a bouquet of flowers last week / my uncle
5. The shopkeeper / the customer / is paying / two hundred dollars
6. He / his brother / the secret / has never told
7. A postcard from Japan / sent / her / her best friend
8. Did not lend / his new model car / the child / his classmate
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN -
III
In case of a preposition in front of indirect object, the pattern of the sentence
is:
Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Preposition + Indirect Object
E.g. – My friend has sent a letter to me.
Subject = My friend
Verb = has sent
Direct Object = a letter
Preposition = to
Indirect Object = me
REWRITE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY
PLACING THE WORD IN BRACKETS BEFORE THE INDIRECT
OBJECT

E.g. My brother showed me his new wallet. (to)

My brother showed his new wallet to me.
1. The postman took her a letter yesterday. (to)
2. The dog owner gives his dog a bone every day. (to)
3. The students sent their teacher a present. (to)
4. The gardener handed me some flowers. (to)
5. My mother has already taken my father a cup of coffee.(to)
6. She found me a seat in the concert last Sunday. (for)
7. Betty has painted her best friend a beautiful picture. (for)
8. We bought our uncle a pair of gloves on his birthday. (for)
TYPES OF SENTENCES
Statements and Facts

Quest Statements and Facts


Statements and Facts
 Questions
 Requests and commands
 Expressions s
Requests and commands
Expressions ions
Requests and commands
Expressions
LOOK AT THESE TYPES OF
SENTENCES

The Boy went to the crowded market.

Why is the boy going to the market?

Please do not eat that popcorn.

I cannot believe how fast the boy ran to the market!

ACTIVITY – INTERVIEW
SESSION
PLANNING PREPARING INVESTIGATING
TWEET YOUR STORIES
A: WHAT (YOU, DO) ....................... WHEN THE ACCIDENT
OCCURRED? 
B: I (TRY) ........................  TO CHANGE A LIGHT BULB THAT HAD
BURNT OUT. 

After I (find) .................. the wallet full of money, I

(go, immediately) .................................  to the police
and (give) ......................  it. 
THE DOCTOR (SAY) ..................  THAT TOM WAS TOO SICK TO GO TO WORK AND THAT HE

(NEED) ....................  TO STAY AT HOME FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS . 

Sethu (arrive) ...................  at Suprabha’s house a little before 9:00

p.m., but she .......... not  there. She (study, at the
library) ...........................  for her final examination in Medicine. 
A: I (CALL) ................ YOU LAST NIGHT AFTER DINNER, BUT YOU ............ NOT  THERE. WHERE WERE YOU? 

B: I (WORK)  ....................... OUT AT THE FITNESS CENTRE . 

I (watch) ....................... a mystery movie on TV when the

electricity went out. Now I am never going to find out how
the movie ends.  
WHEN I (WALK) ..................  INTO THE BUSY
OFFICE, THE SECRETARY
(TALK) ...........................  ON THE PHONE WITH A
CUSTOMER, SEVERAL CLERKS (WORK,
BUSILY) .............................................. AT THEIR
DESKS, AND TWO MANAGERS
(DISCUSS) ................................  METHODS TO
IMPROVE CUSTOMER SERVICE. 
RADHA ...................  IN THE ROOM WHEN VIKAS TOLD
ME WHAT HAPPENED, BUT SHE DIDN'T HEAR
ANYTHING BECAUSE SHE (NOT
LISTEN) ................................ . 

It's strange that you (call) ....................  because I (just

think) .......................................  about you. 
 THE TITANIC (CROSS) .........................  THE ATLANTIC
WHEN IT (STRIKE) ...........................  AN ICEBERG. 

The firemen (rescue) ....................  the old woman

who .............  trapped on the third floor of the burning
building. 
1. MEERA IS ARRIVING ...........  JANUARY 26 .........  2
O'CLOCK ........... THE AFTERNOON.

2. It snows in Shimla every year ......... December. We always

go outside and play in the snow ..............  Christmas day.

3.  Michael is leaving .....  Friday  noon.

FROM A
TREKKER’S DIARY
ON THE INTERNET
 November 12, 1997

TO D AY . . . . . . . . . . . .    T H E SE C O N D D AY O F M Y T R E K A R O U N D MO U N T A N N A P U R N A . I A M T I R E D A N D M Y L E G S ( S H A K E ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   ; I J U S T H O P E I A M A B L E TO C O MP L E T E
T H E T R E K . M Y F E E T ( R E A L LY T I R E D ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   A N D MY T O E S ( B L E E D ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   , B U T I S T I L L WA N T     TO C O N T I N U E .
NEPAL IS A BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY, BUT I HAVE A LOT TO LEARN.
EVERYTHING ...........  SO DIFFERENT, AND I
(TRY) .........................  TO ADJUST TO THE NEW WAY OF LIFE
HERE. I (LEARN) ..........................  A LITTLE BIT OF THE
LANGUAGE TO MAKE COMMUNICATION EASIER;
UNFORTUNATELY, I (NOT LEARN) ................................. FOREIGN
LANGUAGES QUICKLY. I (NOT
UNDERSTAND) ...................................  MUCH YET, I THINK THAT I
(IMPROVE, GRADUALLY) ......................................................... .
I (TRAVEL) .............................  WITH LIAM, A STUDENT FROM
LEEDS UNIVERSITY IN ENGLAND. HE .............  A NICE GUY,
BUT IMPATIENT. HE (ALWAYS WALK) ........................  AHEAD
OF ME AND (COMPLAIN) ....................  THAT I AM TOO SLOW. I
(DO) .................  MY BEST TO KEEP UP WITH HIM, BUT HE IS
YOUNGER AND STRONGER THAN I AM. MAYBE, I AM
GETTING OLD.
RIGHT NOW, LIAM (SIT) ....................  WITH THE OWNER OF THE
HOTEL. THEY (DISCUSS) ....................................  THE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN LIFE IN ENGLAND AND LIFE IN NEPAL. I (NOT
KNOW).......................  THE REAL NAME OF THE OWNER, BUT
EVERYBODY (CALL) ................  HIM TAM. TAM
(SPEAK) ................  ENGLISH VERY WELL AND HE
(TRY) ................. TO TEACH LIAM SOME WORDS IN NEPALI. 
EVERY TIME TAM (SAY) ................... A NEW WORD, LIAM
(TRY) ...................  TO REPEAT IT. UNFORTUNATELY, LIAM
(HAS/HAVE) ................ DIFFICULTY LEARNING FOREIGN
LANGUAGES. I JUST HOPE WE DON'T GET LOST AND HAVE
TO ASK FOR DIRECTIONS.
Combine these sentences effectively :
 Sara was the most serious student in the class. Sara always did her homework.

Sara was the most serious student in the class and she always did her
homework.
 Tommy is my pet. He is a dog. He is fierce. He has only bitten one person.

Tommy is my pet dog and even though he is fierce, he has bitten only one
person.
 The tree fell on the house. This was a coconut tree. It was because of the strong
winds. Nobody was hurt.

A coconut tree fell on the house because of strong winds but nobody was hurt.
Combine these sentences effectively :
 I work part-time. I work at Wal-Mart. I'm a cashier.

I work part-time at Wal-Mart as a cashier.

 He returned from China. After that, he wrote to the Chinese embassy.

He wrote to the Chinese Embassy after he returned from China.

 You can’t travel on this train. You don’t have a reservation .

You can’t travel on this train as you don’t have a reservation.

 There were so many people in the room. We couldn't move.

There were so many people in the room that we couldn’t move.

Write the questions to get the underlined words as answers:
 This shirt costs 300 rupees.

How much does this shirt cost ?

 It is a software company.

What kind of a company is it ?

 He is happy because the manager appreciated his work.

Why is he happy ?

 Yes, I do. I have 3 brothers.

Do you have any brothers ?

MODULE 1 TEST