3

, 2008.
, , 2007.
, , ,
, 1998. , , , ,
1998.

1 0
2
3 ?
4

Contents
- ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
........................................................................................................................................................... 7
................................................................................................................................................... 7
........................................................................................................................................................ 8
.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
............................................................................................................................................................ 9
............................................................................................................................................................. 10
............................................................................................................................................................ 11
T .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
.................................................................................................................................................. 12
................................................................................................................................................................. 13
..................................................................................................................................................... 13
.............................................................................................................................................................. 14
............................................................................................................................................................ 15
................................................................................................................................................................... 16
............................................................................................................................................................... 17
...................................................................................................................................................... 17
................................................................................................................................................ 18
........................................................................................................................................................ 19
................................................................................................................................................... 20
........................................................................................................................................................ 21
................................................................................................................................................... 22
.......................................................................................................................................................... 23
............................................................................................................................................ 23
................................................................................................................................................... 24
............................................................................................................................................ 25
....................................................................................................................................................................... 26
"" "" ................................................................................................................................................. 26
.................................................................................................................................................... 27
................................................................................................................................................................. 28
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3

 .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
............................................................................................................................................................................... 30
.. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
.............................................................................................................................................. 32
.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
............................................................................................................................................................ 32
.............................................................................................................................................................. 33
............................................................................................................................................................... 34
.................................................................................................................................................................... 34
................................................................................................................................................... 35
...................................................................................................................................................... 37
.................................................................................................................................. 37
, .......................................................................................................................................... 38
........................................................................................................................................................ 39
.................................................................................................................... 39
..................................................................................................................................................... 40
................................................................................................................................................. 41
........................................................................................................................................................... 42
........................................................................................................................................................ 42
....................................................................................................................................... 43
..................................................................................................................................................................... 44
.................................................................................................................................................... 45
......................................................................................................................................................... 46
............................................................................................................................................................ 47
.............................................................................................................................................. 47
...................................................................................................................................................... 48
..................................................................................................................................... 49
() ................................................................................................................................................ 49
................................................................................................................................................................ 50
.............................................................................................................................................................. 50
................................................................................................................................................................ 51
..................................................................................................................................................................... 51
................................................................................................................................................................ 52
..................................................................................................................................................... 53
4

 ................................................................................................................................................ 54
............................................................................................................................................................... 55
.................................................................................................................................................................. 56
.................................................................................................................................................................... 56
............................................................................................................................................................ 57
................................................................................................................................................... 58
.................................................................................................................................................... 58
- .................................................................................................................................................................... 59
-..................................................................................................................................................................... 59
........................................................................................................................................................................ 60
............................................................................................................................................................... 60
....................................................................................................................................................... 61
....................................................................................................................................................... 62
................................................................................................................................................................... 63
................................................................................................................................................................ 63
....................................................................................................................................................... 64
............................................................................................................................................................ 65

 - ?
, . - .
.
. , , ,
. , , . .
- .
, , , ,
- . ,
, . , ,
, . , ,
, ,
. .
, , "",
- "". , ,
, .
. : ", , ".
, ( , , .), :
" , ", "", ,
( - ) , : " ()
, ", " " .
.
, , - ,
. , , ,
, , , , ,
, - .
. , , 101 : ?
: 130 ,
. , , .
, ,
. ,
. ( ),
, , :
. Tpehe , ,
. ,
,
: , , -, , , .
0 . , .
,
- ! Beh .
. He !
-.
, ,
, . , , .
, . ,
- . . ,
, , . . -?
. , ,
.



, "".
, , ( ) . ,
, , ( ,
, - ).
( 111'), ,
. ,
, , - ,
. , ,
( ) , .
. .
,
- ( ) . To
, .
.
, , , , .
( ) . , ,
, - ( ) "
, -".
" " - - " . : 'Jep ,
a , , -, ,
: ...'"
,
. , , : " ,
. . , - ;
. , . ,
, , ,
. , : ! , :
!"
- .
, .
" , , , :' !
, !' : ' : !'
: ' , ra ! .'"
: " ,
, ."
, ,
, , , .
- (, , , .).
, , , ,


,
, , ,
.
. ,
. , , .
, - , . (0 " "
.)
. , -, , , ,
- . , ,
, , -, .
( ) . ( 431-404. . .)
, ,
. , ( 371. . . . . ),
2. . ., ,
.
. ,
, ,
. .
, , .
- : " ,
", -: "".
,
, : " ."
he : " he ."
,
. , - , .
, , : " > !", : "
, , ." ( , ,
.)

47. . . . : Veni, vidi, vici ( : ", , ").
, , - , , ,
. , , , ,
, .

, . , . ,
. ,
.
Beh , , .
, - . ,
- , - .
,
, .
.
.

 7-18 ( : 7-12,12-15,15-18)
. , ,
. ,
, .
, , . ,
.
.
, ,
.
.
-
, (), (),
. , ,
. ,
.
.
, , . , ,
. , 18. ,
, : , - (,
, , ), . 30.
- .
, .
, , , -,
( ), .
. , ,
.
( ),
(). , , ,
", ".
(: "", " "),
.

" , -...
, 18-
."
, :
" , , , ."
() , ,
- " ". .
. , - , (
) "".
?
( : ) .
, , , VII . 621. . . . .
. " ",
.
, , .
-
() .
9

 ( VI . .)
, - (638-539).
. , , ,
, .
, .
XIV .
, " ", " " . ,
, , ,
, : " , , ". , , ,
, , .

, - .
, ,
(432-367 . . .),
() . ,
, (-) . ,
. - ,

.
" !" - .
cpeha . To
.
, -, .
, , ,
.
, ,
.
- - ,
, - .
,
cpeha .
", " - .
, : " ".
. , , "
" "
".
, - .
- cpehe , - .
" -" - , : " ,
", . ", , ". (1589-1638)
:
" ,
,
,
."
" ", , . ,
,
-.
10


.
, , . , ,
: " -
" (), "
" ().
- , ,
.
- . 280. . .
.
, .
( 318-272. . . .). ,
, 280. , 25 000 20 ( , "",
) . ,
- , . (279)
, - .
,
. , , (275) ,
, . , ,
(272).
(279). ( )
.
,
, , , : " ." ,
:" , ."
, -
.
.
: , .
-. ""
, ,
. , , ""
"" ,
, " ".
, ,
, .

T
.
- , : " ", "
, " .
( Rubico) .
,
.
, .

11

 ,
, 60. . . . .
.
, , (53. . . . .).
-, , 59. ,
, . . ,
. , ,
. , XIII (49 . . . .)
. , he : Alea iacta est (.
) -" ", ,, : Alea iacta esto - "".
, .
, , ,
(48) ,
. ,
. - (47) :
Veni, vidi, vici! (", , -!"). ,
. , ,
.
: " " " , ".
.
De bello Gallico ("0 ") De bello civili ("0 ").
, . (To . " ",
.) , , ,
Alea iacta est , Veni vidi, vici, a .

, -
, . , ,
, -
6. - 1941. . ,
, , ., ,
, .
. , , . ,
-, , ,
. - .
, , , -
.
, , ? , ,
- , , , ,
(, , ), .
- , .
. ,
- , , , ,
409. .
(439. ). , ,
. , 455. .
, , , " " . ,
- - .
.
533. . .
12

 , 455. .
, - , .

, - .
. ,
, , , . ,
, , "Canossa (. )" /auCanossu,c
: " , , ". ,
: "
-".

- .
. XI - , 1077. - IV,
VII, .
, , (. Canossa)
nana . , ,
. To .
: " ,
".
0 , VII IV,
- .
VII ( 1020 - 1085) nana
.
. , nana
. ( - VII
. 1075. .)
, , IV (1050 1106). (, , ) ,
, . VII
. > III, he
1084. - . VII
, (1085).
- IV ( ),
- .
VII : ,
, - , , ,
.

: He , . , .
-, , .
, .
- :
.
13

To , . ,
, . ,
(1934-1945), , ,
, , ,
.
1934. "Hoh ".
- .
, , -,
.
, , , 1938. .
: ,
. , " ",
. , .
, ,
, , , 350
. ( ), 24. 1572.
. , , IX, ,
() . "
", .
. , ,
-, a , 25 000 (,
). , . 1572.
. ,
, .
, ( ) , .

, , , , , " ( )
". , , . ()
(, , -) .
. , ,

- . , ,
. ""
" ". "" ,
.
, , . ,
, , ,
, , IX .
, , - , , ,
- . ()
, "" .
, "".
(. . , ) , ,
poro-, . . ( 1933)
" , , , , ". .
(1979) : " , , ,
."
14

 ( ),
(, , ), , a "" .
. , , " ", ,
, .
, () .
, , "". ( - "" :
Bare, , - ?)
. - ( .
-" ") !
, (Fare le corns, planter les comes, Horner aufset-zen, to horn...: un kontributo
alio studio del modi di dire,y "Scritti linguistici in onore di G. B. Pellegrini", I, Pisa 1983) - .
.
, , ,
- , , .
- , . ,
(. fare le coma, fr. planter les comes, . Homer aufsetzen...) y ,
y ,
. , ,
- (, , ). , , - ,
: ,
, .
, , . ,
, , , .

, , , ,
. , - : " ,
", , , : " , ".
, ,
. ,
, :
. , -, , ,
. , (Juanelo),
: ,
. Huevade Jauanelo (" "). , XVII
, . (1600-1681)
(La dona duende ,1629).
. (1377-1446).
, , 1421,
.
Santa Maria del Fiore, je y .
.
. , ,
, , - .
-, , , .
je - .
(1565) -
: ,
, , ,
. ( .)
15

 , je - :
- , ?
, .
To je , :
- To je . !
- ? - . - cre , . To
, .
He , .
, , , :
" ".

. je
. - ,
, , , , ,
, , .
" "
. "" , , ,
, , . " ". - .
("") ,
. (, ), (
), - ,
. .
, , , . ()
.
, - , , ,
.
.
, , - .
, . , , -
. To , - ,
.
,
, ,
.
, 27. 1699. .
, , ,
, (, ), , .
, -
- ,
, .
.
1705, ,
-, 1716. .
1725. , . , 1817.
. - (
). , 1699.
, -,
.
, , , .
16

 . ,
, , ,
, . ,
, , , , .

, , , ,
.
"", "", "" "", ? ,
-: , ? ,
, ( .)?
(1974).
, --
. ,
, , , -.
, - spanische Doifer,
.
- (1774). -
( , III-V, 1905) :
"To ,
."
, . ,
, 1905.
.
,
(bdhmische Doifer),
, (1618-1648). ,
, , , -.
(bdhmische Doifer) " , ".
bdhmische Doifer (" ") spanische Dorfer ("
-").
Beh (. ) : 1) bdhmische
Doifer (" ") 2) das kommt mir spanischfor (: "TO ", : "
").
, , - .
, , , . - esto es griegopara mi (: "TO je
"), : it's Greek to me. esto es arabigo para mi ("TO je
"), a : c'estdu chinois ("TO ") c'est l'hebreu ("TOje ") . je
-, .
, , . , ,
, je , , , ,
, .

je XVIII - -
, , - (1739-1791).
, //.
1762. , , ,
// /// . ,
17

 -, . je
// , 1768-1774, a , 1787-1791,
.
, - , ,
.
, , 1787, // .
- //, ,
, , .
-
- ( ), - //
.
, ().
, , ,

. , .
,
. ,
, , , .
, ,
-, . To , ,
. ,
, . .
, , , , : , ,
, , , -
,
..."
, - ,
XIX .
, : "", " " "
".
, , ,
, ,
. :
"" : .
. , , : "
- , ,
, '' ."
, , , , ,
, ,
, ,
. , , , ,
, , .
, , .

" , ; ".
, : ", ,
-".
" ". To , , -, ,
-, , ,
. , , , , " ".
18

 ?
.
, , - ,
-, .
. , , :
" , a ."
:
" , , ...
- () ."

-.
, , : "
, - ."
, .
, .
- , , ,
" - " ".

XIX . , 1817. ,
, ().
, .
- .
. , , .

, . .
, 1815. -, , a
, () "
, , , ,
, - , ". 0
, , , : "
." . ( , 1901),
: " , : ,
."
, , (, )
( -) . - -
( ) ( ).
" ".
: " ".

, , , , :
, , ia .
:
, , , , ,
.
:
... .
19

 , , ,
.
, :
" () (, .) ( , )
-, , , , ."
. , ,
. " "?
To - ,
- , , (). ,
, () .
- , , , .
( )
, , , :
(" "), (" "), ()
(" "), (" ") .

. , XIV
. , : asinus Buridani ( : " "). To ,
, : Asinus Buridani inter duoparta (" ").
0 , , ,
.
(, , ) ,
. 1300. 1358. " "
. , , , ,
- , -
,
. ,
, , ,
, , . (, ,
" ".)
. , , ,
Pons asi- (" "), ( ),
.
, .
( ) , (384-322. . . .),
0 , ,
. - (1265-1321) -,
, . ( ,
.) , ( ),
:
"
,
;

;
,
.
..." , ,
, , , ,
.
20

 , , " ",
, .
- .

. (, ,
: ) , - , ,
, , , .
, ,
, : .
, ,
: " , ", -
, .
?
, - (
). ,
:
" (.) 1. ; ... ,
, ^ .
2. () ."
, . (
). To , , , ,
(). : "
, ."
, (, . , - )
() , .
, - .
, -
. - ,
he XIX XX " ", -
, , , , .
, ,
. ,
( ), a
.
, , , .
. , ,
, , , :
" , : , - -, .
, ( ).
.
. , ,
. ... To , ,
."
, ,
, - . -,
.
, .
. - (,
-) , he , .
21


, , .
, . "" ( ) , , ,
-, .
, , , , , , -, ,
- " ".
( " ") -" ". : "
, -."
, .
" ". , ,
. , : "
" " " - ,
. ., : " ,
- ."
, ,
- , .
,
. , (" ")
, () ,
. , , ( )
, - .
( )
: : " ".
, : " ".
, :
- "" (. ). :
CP , " ". ( ,
, 1982!) - " ". ( -,
, .) , , .
: " " ( he
). , . . :
" , - ."
(- , ),
:
-" " " " ( ). -
( ). A ,
, : , oner !?
.
, , . ,
, ,
.
" " -
: "To ce , - , ,
; , .
, ..., , -
. , , . ,
, , ,
,
; , ,
..."
22

 , , -, ,
- .

, - : " ; ,
".
. , ,
:
" , , ...- 1962.
- ,
- . - 2."
, .
:
- cam . - . - 15
.
, : " , ,
". :
- . - "
". ...
( ) , : " , ,
, .". ;:
" , ."
, , , . , ,
. A .
, , , (
) (). ,
. .
. , , :
.
, a
- . , , ,
.
() , ,
( ) . , , .

, -, (
).
- ,
: ", , ". : ( , , )
( ). ,
: , , , , ,
.:
" , ( )... (.
. 4, 69). Ha (. 7,183). ... ,
(. 2,217).
23

 (. . 14,255) . ...
. (.8,51)."
, , , : "
(. 2,197)."
( ), ,
, . To - ,
, , , , , , .
: , ,
. . , -
, .
- . , , (
, ) . ,
, , .
, , ,
( ), , : ", ,
".

" , ."
, .
-.
- .
, , , .
( )
( ) , : " , ;
" .
, (. : mettre sa main au feu),
, -, . .
, - , . . To
, () .
, , . -
, , (),
, , , , , he .
.
, . , ,
. " ".
XIV ( 150) ,
" ", - "
".
XVIII XIX .
(1818) :
" , . . - , ,
( ) , (
), , , .
, , , (
, :
, )."
" " -
( I, 1874).
, 1872.
24

" " - - " 15-20 (, 1850 - .

.). To : , . , ,
, . .
- . , , .
, ,
. - ,
-, , ."
! !

, , , , ,
-.
" ".
, , .
: vine sur grand pied, a y : auf grossem Fuss(e) leben - y
" " : " ".

.
, , ,
. , .
. XV , ,
, ,
, , .
("d la polonaise"), : () ,
, , , - ! ,
, " ", he . .
, . , , .
, , , ,
, .
() .
. , ,
. (Claude Duneton), La
puce l'oreille" (" ") vivre sur grand pied pied"" ( ).
, 1792,
- . , , , .
- 25 34 , . ifoot), ,
, 30 , {]>ied) 33 . ,
"" , . surlepied de...
: " ", " ", " " . , ,
vivre sur le grand pied (" ")
pied( "") "". , : " ",
" "
.
, ,
- " " .

25


, (-, , , .),
( sangreazul, blueblood, B/auesBlut)
() , , "" , " ".
, , , , :
" , ( )..."
( ).
. , , ?
{The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford, 1987;
Meyers Lexikon, Leipzig, 1925 .). , , , {James Rogers, The
Dictionary of Cliches, New York, 1985), :
" KPB. () . ,
,
. , sangreazul^mzBA '), , ,
."
> , , , : ,
, , ,
, .
(-, , , , , , , ,
.) - , - - " ".
" " , .
, , ... . 400!? , ,

" ". To , -
" ". , , ,
. , ,
. , ,
.
. Ha : " ,
."
" " , , . , , . " ",
, cjiojy.
. - VIII, -
, - ,
, (1936) .
,
. 1977. :
" , ,
, , , ''
.
,
.
. , ..."
" "!

"" ""
: , , , . : " ( ).": " ."
, ,
, - , - .
26

 (), ,
, . ,
- , , .
, , ; ,
;
, , .
, , .
-, (
), , , . , ,
( ), (""), , .
,
- : , . , .
, -, . , , - , , :
- , . ,
?
XIX . .
(1815-1831), , -
, , , .
, .
, . . ,
.
- , -. .
. - rightist,^ hommede ladroile, Rechtsstehender,
derechista. , , leftist, homme de la gauche, y Linksstehender, y
izquierdista . .
: (
, , ). ,
, , .
, ,
XIX , , . 0
:
" he -... . . 1932.
. . . 1957."
.

( -) ,
- , . " ". , ,
, , , "",
" -", "".
- "
,
".
- :
" ' ' ( )
-, ."

, .

27

 - , ,
-, . -
:
" - , '
', ."
. (1893) : "
, - A no , ."
. , () "
, , ; , ". (1903) :
" , , ."
: " ,
."
, (1945), : " .,
, ."
XIX XX ,
( , ).
-:
" / / - ."
, , " ocehao he ...
."
, ,
.
, ,
, , , ,
, , - .
, , .

, , , .
- ( :
) : " 12 ''
. . 1959. - . ()"
, , , .
. . ,
. Black Marie ( Maria), : ( ). , ,
, .
Marie Maria Lee(, ). , ,
"", -
. , ,
black Marie.
, , - .
He Black Marie ( Maria)
, , , .

, Uncle Sam ( " ") ,
. ,
28

 . -
.
,
Uncle Sam. USAM- United States of America ( ),
, , US. - United States ( ).
Uncle Sam US. , - .
. 1812. Samuel Wilson (+1854), ,
- . ra Uncle Sam (" ?"),
( ).
, ,
-, (Elbert Anderson) U.S. (United States).
, : "E(lbert) A(nderson) i U(ncle)S(am)."
To -
. Uncle Sam ( ) , , ,

.
, , ,
() - .
(. Yankee), , (1861-1865) -
, , ,
( "") . :
"Yankee, go hornet' (", "), : " , !"

( ), , .,
- . ,
, , .
(1936--1939) -
.
, , , ,
- .
, ,
, .
-
- (1887-1937).
:
" , a -
."
, ,
(. The Fifth Columii).
, .
(1939-1945), , , ,
" -" , ,
(, , , ). -
1941. :
" --,

-."

29

 . , ,
() - -
- . , , - .
: " - ",
!
, , ,
" ".
, , , , ,
. , / (1822-1855),
- - , , . , ,
- . To , , ,
.

, , " ".
( ), 1991, ,
, , " " . -

- ( ).
-, 1989.
" " -
- " ' ' . , - : he
he , ."
, , "", ,
:
" ' He ,
. , -,
-. ,
."
, ,

: "".
, , , ?
, , , ,
, - .
: ( 1942) ( 1943),
.
, (- , )
- ( 6. 30. 1944). To
39 , 12 000 ,
4 500 , 5 000 4 000 - .

. (6. 1944) "D", , , "" (.
day). "ff (. hour - "", ""). , ,
"D +" "D -", " +" "-".
D-day ( : "-"), , , (" ").
, 6. 1944.
, , " , ,
()"," ", " ", ",
" . ( )
30

..
, , , ,
., . "-!" ( : O.K.). To : " ", " ",
" ", " " . : " TO O.K.", " ", " " .
0. . , , ,
, .
, - , "" " ", .
. "" 0. .
: , ( "
").
?
.
okeh, : " ", " ". To
"" ("ou-kei"), 0. .,
-.
, , , ,
, : , 0. .
(Ohadiah Kelly). : " .
Tpehe .
1840. Martin van
Buren "" ("Wizard of Kinderhook"), a " " (.
"OldKinderhook"), no (Hudson Walley). "
", , ,
O.K. (Democratic O.K. Club). .. ,
, : "Ou-lcei", - . ,
, O.K. ("ou-kei") "allright" (" ") - " ", "
", " O.K. ".
, . , , .
TO O.K.
Ha , O.K. ,
(bad spelling). ,
, "allcorrect" (" "), , . ,
- . .. ("all correct") .. (
), : "", "" .
, O.K., -
(John Jacob Astor), , (Andew Jackson).
, , ,
Rjeniku stranih rijeiA - Z :
"O.K. (it. o kc) - govorna skraenica za engl. all correct (at. ol korekt) - sve je ispravno, u redu je (ameriki izraz)." (B. . 1978,
. 966a.) .
"" - ( ) O.K. . ,
.., , , , , , .

31

" ' '
."
, . ,
:
" , . , ,
!"
", , , ".
. ()
"". , , !
, \l
. , ,
, , , : , - , - . , , , ,
, . , .
. To , , -
. , ,
( ) .
-, , , , ,
, , .
Taj , , . ,
, .
, , , - . :
"0 , ,
, .
, , , -,
, -
."
(1667-1715), ,
" ,
".
( ) , , , ,
, ,
.

, , , ,
- . , , , , ; ,
, .
, ? .
, , . ,
, , , , ,
32

, , . , ,
, , . , ,
, . .
, . ,
, , , - , -
.
, , , ,
.
(1768-1844). .
1808. , - .
, - " , ", (
). , " ,
".
. ,
-: " , , ." ,
, , , , .
" , , " - . ,
! .
: , , . , ,
> , . ,
, , .
( " "), .
:
" , , ' .
, - ."
. .
, ("")
, . :
, , -,
, ., . , ,
, , ,
, , , , - .

, , , :
! To :" " ,
: " ."
() , ,
, 1808. . , , :
; , .
, , ' .
: , .
:
: " !
, - ." ,
, - ! : "
".
, ( ), (
) . , , - ,
33

 : " ." ,
( ), - .

- . ,
, - (16941778). , 1747, , :
" , , , -
."
, , ,
, ( ),
().
.
: " ( ) ", :
" ... , ,
(. , 53). // (. . 1, 121).
// , ( J. 1,252)."
, .
: " , - ,
... . (MX 1890, 8). ... -
, (. . 1,8)."
(" ")
, . . , ,
:
"
."
, " " " ()
, " " -", , ,
.
, -, .
, XVIII , ,
, - , , .

, . ,
, , ,
, , .
. : "...
." :" , ,
... 1976" " . () 1966."
, : " (, .) ", "
", , "" - "",
(1749-1832), {Die Wahlverwandtschaften, 1809).
( ) , :

34

" , ,
, ;
."
Ha :
" - ..."
, , . XVII ,
,
.
(
). :
,
(, ), . ,
, .
.
- , -: "
", " " - - ,
-, , , ,
-, , , .

, ,
. , ,
( ), . ,
. , -
. . To
.

.
,
. , . . . . ,
: (1469-1524), XV
(1497) , -. XVII
- ,
, , .
XVII XVIII , 1830.
,
, 1834. (1843)
(: Der Fliegende Hollander),
- . ( )
, : "
- ", " ", "" .
. ,
, - 1980. ,
.
- , -.
:
" . , .
, , , , ,
.
35

 ( ) , he ,
.
he . , ,
. .
, , , , , , ,
, . . he , ."
, a
. , ( :
, , .), crape , .
- ,
: .

, .
" ", ,
. , , -,
-. , ,
. To , :
" , , ."
" , ",
.
. , , ,
, .

. XVII , ,
, ,
.
XIX .
(1789-1851)
(. The Last of the Mohicans), 1826. . Ty
- , ,
, . - ,
, - . , , , .
, .
" " , ,
: " . ..."
. , :"
! , , , ,
. , . ,
, , ."
.
:
" - (. ).
..."
, , ,
, .
, , ,
. , , ,
, .

36


-
. To .
, . .
: " / ,
/", :
"... he . - 1968.
...
... - 1968."
, , (1968), , ( 1971). To
, , .
1952. .
(1881-1942), , . . . . ,
KpbiMiuue ( ), - .
- , .
:
" , ...
- - -... ,
." " ,
, , ".
"
-".
"" - - " , , ."

: ", ", " ".

, ,
-. , , xohe , ,
, . To , , , :
, .
, .
14. :
, .
( ) ,
( 1371. ).
: . : , .
, , , .
, , , :
, , , ,
he , , ,
( ).
, , , ()
, "' , " " ",
" ", .
, :
' ,
,
' ,
cap'jeuiuo;
37

Ho
deopoea ,
A do , do ham,
Kod ,
Kod ,
,
;
Bu Kocoeo , , ,
...
.
, :
, , !
He () ,
, ,
,
;
, , ;
,
' ..
. , he
- . , :
he ' ,
he amy.
, , he, , " ". , ,
:
, , ,
A ...
" , ". : (. " "),
(" "), . , :
, !
' ?
' ? !
. , , ! ' ? Mono '
? ! . , , eojeeoda ! '
? ' ? ! .. , eac
eitduo! , , oufl , .
...
. ,
. , , ,
.
, , , , ,
: ", , ".

,
, , , , .
: , ,
, " ". , . "". , ,
, , . To
38

 : .
, .
, , .
, - - .
, . , () , ()
, -: () , () , : " , , (
)". : " ", " ".
:
" , ! ! ! !
, !"
" ... , !" (429 ).
, , ,
, (. , ),
(. , , , , ).
.
:
" . he , , .
, -."
. , , (
) , ( ,
) , , - , . .

, , : " ", " " .,
, - . :
" . ,
, . ."
, , , : " ,
" ( ). ,
, ,
: " ."
, , : ",
", " " . , je ,
-, " ".
, , . To
, ( )
, , - , , , .

, ,
"", : .
-,
- ( 1836. 1849. ).
:

39

" . - ,
, . ; ( - ) ,
, , ."
, , .
" ", " ",
-, "" (-)
, , . .
, , , " ", "
",
, .
- -, , , .
To, , .
.

( ), , : " ,
". : ( ) , ,
: ( ), .
(, , ): . .
( ) . ,
, .
, ,
(1982), a , ,
, - (19671976). To
, , -,
, (1849).
-. :
" , . ,
.
, , , ,
, - , , ."
, , ,
.
"", , , :
, . ( ) , ,
(, 6,935). ( ) , , ()
, .
, ,
.
, , ,
- , -- : " ( )
( )" (, 6,257). -
, "", ( ) -
, , .
, , -, ,
.

40


, : " ", " ",
- - (. , , 1982) ,
- , ,
, . (PMC), ,
, -
(). , , - , ,

(, 1849). :
" .
, ."
" ()", "-". (1818),

- der Walach, Valachus, : ( ) (

) . (. PMC, 1, 349 , 2,716),
, .
- , ,
. - :
" , .
, . He , ,
. , , ,
. .
. ,
,
. , ,
. ,
, , . , ,
, , .
,
. ;
, .
.
; ,
, ,
."
, - ,
:
" , - ,
, , , , .
, , .
, , ...
, .
. . ,
, .
:
- , ... - - -... ... !"
, , . ,
, , -, ,
, .
, , . ,
, , : " ", "
", a : " () " - ", ".
41


( ,
) .
,
, , ,
, . , ,
-
"".
. .

-. ,
, , ( )
. (VI . . .) :
. " , : ",
, , , , ."
0 . ,
, , (Brehm).
(Tierleben) , , ,
:
" ... ,
...."
To -
.
' ' - - '
... To ,
.'"
, :
" ,
."
" " - - " . ,
-, , .
, , ."
, , (. ), . ,
, .

, a ,
, ( ) .
, , , , .
:

... " ". - 1976.
He , , , ,
!?
, , ,
:
42

" , .
, .- -
. - ...
, ' ', . , ,
-,
- ."
, ,
, . To , , , .
.
, , , ,
. , , ?
. , ,
- , , , .
,
. , , - " ", " ".
, : ", ".
:
" , ..."
. - " ",
- "", , , - .

, , - , . ( )
- . -:
" ...
' jaje', ." :
" , ,
."
, , ,
- , ,
. , , .
?
(Brehm),
, {Cuculus cornus), , ,
. , , - .
, . ,
, . , , , , , , ,
. . , ,
.
" " - - " - , ."
:
" 12 . , ,
. ,
, . , ,
...
. , , ,
, . ,
, . ,
. ."
43

 , , -
- , , - .
- ,
.
,
: " ", " ", "
" . , .
.

: , -
. -
() .

: .
17. , ("
") . ,
, (. Eskulap),
- .
( , ), -
, , ,
-. ( Caesar) Caesares
Caesines, "ex utero matris caeso nati", . " ".
, (. . sectio caesared)
. Ho .
.
, (
.), . To ,
, , , ,
. ("sec/io caesarea in
mor/ua"). cy : ( ) .
cy .
-, ,
, , , .
( //
), XVI . , ,
, () , ,
, - ,
. (1540) ,
, , , . 1581.
. (Francois Rousset).
Ho .
, : sectio
caesarea ( , , : sectio- "" caesareus"") , caesarea Caesar, "". ,
, .
44

 , .
(Lex Caesarea), , ,
, , (TO he - ) .
. , , . ,
, -, ,
: ", ". ,
, , , - . To
, , : "
' '
."
.
. .

, , , .,
, cy , .
,
: " -
?" ( - " ".)
(" ") . "",
, , - . . ,
, ( ),
, " ".
, , ,
- ,
.
11. 1811. , - ,
(). , 1829.
.
( ) . ,
, - , , -
. , a 110 ,
. , - , ,
( ,
). ,
. , , ,
: 17. 1874. 63. .
0 . 0 .
,
. , ,
. ,
, . , , ,
- . , .
-. . ,
, , . :
, , . To , ,
.
, Bunkes, .
.
" " .
45


, " " ( - )
. ,
, . , , : - ,
- .
, . , a
- , , , ,
. : ,
.
, ,
! ,
.
, - ,
:
" , ,
, , ,
, . To .
, , ( -)
. .
- ,
. , ,
-, . , , - , ,
. , , , ,
."
, . -,
, ,
, :
" .
. .
- , .
, ,
, . , . ,
, , - - '' .
, , : '', ''.
, ,
. , , . To -
. , , '', ''.
''.
, , , , .
- '', '' -, , ,
, - '', ''.
!
. -
: ("") , , . ."
, . , ,
, .
, .

46


. , :
, : , , , ,
( , , ), , . .
(. I, 799 ) : ", ".
. Beh , , .
. , "", ""
(), "" ( ). : (. "",
"", "") (, .). : ( , , ). , .
" ". ().
- "".
, .
. .
- .
( ) .
.
, , . ?

. , , " ".
- ( ).
, , . - (
). :
"... , ."
, , dyga - ( , ), , , dyga
- ( ).
dyga , , , .
dyga ( ), dyga ( ).
,
"", "". (, .) dyga.

, ( ),
, , . . ,
( .), ,
, . , ,
, . , . He
gnaeu. , , ' .
a t ut ! 0 "" ?
-, :
- - , , , , ,
" ".
- .
: ( )
.
- . ,
. .
47

 , . To
, , , .
, .
" , '', ;
- ( 50 ) '', ."
, , . ,
. , , ,
-. , .
, : " ", " "," ", "
, ", " ".
" ", . , , ,
-. no ,
, , -.
.
:
- ? :
- .
, ,
.

, , . - !?
-, , : ") , " ")
" "", "".
, , ,
, . . , , . ,
, : " ", "", , ,
: . , ,
, . , ,
, , , :
.
- ,
. To : ,
, , : ,
, . . , , ,
, . .
(" ") -, ,
. To , , .
, , . , , . , ,
. , , ()
, , (" " .) .
. To , : " " . ,
,
, . ,
.
.
, (), (: )
. , . , .
, , . , , .

48


" " " , ,
". , .
:
" ... ."
, , , :
" ... // ."
- ,
, , .
, . , , :
" ' ', ."
, :
" ".
,
. , . " ". To , ,
. , ,
, a : -
. - - .
, he -,
.
, , .
- . ,
.
, ,
- . ,
.? , , ? ,
.

()
(1852), : "
, , . ." , ,
(), (1818),
: " (du wirst nicht gutfahren, male succedet tibi)", y : "
" " ".
, : ,
: " , ", "".
-. : "
, ." , ,
, -
. :
"To , . . He, ,
(>. /, . 155, . 1972)". : . (II, 26).
(III, 367)" . : :
" , ."
: " ", "" .
() , . .
(. 2, 1934,282). :
" ... ...
... ' '".
49

 : " ", "", "", "".

, () :
, , , ,
,
. , , -
- .

() ,
, . .
.
-. , ,
. " ",. .
, . , ,
. (" ") ,
, . Orora ,
.
( : ) - ,
- (
, , .) .
, , ,
. :
, " ".
, , , " "
-. . , , - (
"/ , ") :
" , , -, , ,
."
. , , :
" ."

a " ".
, (
- ), : " , , ". , ,
"" "".
() ( ), he
, , , . , -
( ). To ,
: " ". (. ) ,
: "", "". ( "" .)
, do : "", "", "". ?
" ". To ,
: () . : " ,
", a : " , , " -
. -
.
50

 , - .
, , ()
( ). , : "
, -, ()", TO he - .
( ) do , ,
, : , , (. ", ")
, : ( ) , , .
:
1) ( )
2) (),
.

, , , : "1)/
-, ", " , , -".
, , (, XIX ), do ,
. (), , 1803,
() 1829,
: 1886, (Benz) .
,
. , ,
.
.
- , . :
") , ( , )", : " ".
, : ") , , ".
, :
" " (), : " (, ) ".

, , , . - ,
, . , , , . - " ", , "
!", , , -
. "" :
"Xaj'MO , ' , , ! !
, ..."
, :
" , ,
, ..."
: , he , -, , , ,
rope - - .
, .
" ", " " . ,
() - : " ", " ", " ", " ", "
51

", " ". , , ,

" ", : " ". ,
, : . ""
: mm . ( , , - !) A
: . (
" ") , , .
. , ,
, .
, , " ", " ".
,
.
, , ,
"" ( "), .
, ()
. , , , "".
, ('), (
). ,
. , ,
. , , - ( ,
: ""), - (
: " "), " ". - ,
( ), , , ,
- , , .
" " "", "", "", "" .
" , , " - -"
."
. , - , , .

- "" -
- :
,
. .
. , .
. , .
"". .
" "?
, , :
"" . "" ,
.
. (" einen Korh
bekommeif) - : " " , , {^einenKorb geben") -" ()"
,
( ) , .
{DUDEN Etymologie Herkunftsworterbuch derdeutschen Sprasche)
Korbm () , : " ", """,, -
. , ,
."
52

 , , ,
( ) , XV XVI . 0
(1475--1537). , , :
,
0 .
: ;
, ,
.
, ,
, - ,
.
eucu ,
, cae ,

.
. -
Ha cpehy , , . ""
("")
. , .

, , ,
: . ,
, , - (. Haareaufder Zunge habeii). ,
- (. Haare aufden Zahnen haben).

, ,
- .
- :
" ( .), , ,
()..."
:
" (. 5,149). He ,
, (. J. 1,152)."
Ha , ,
-, : " ".
. , , , , .
-:
" , , , "
" ; / ."
, , :
1. "... , , ,
- - , -...";
2. " , ...- ".
-- ,
Haareauf der Zunge haben (" "), : " ; ",
Haare aufden Zahnen haben (" "): " ; , ;
; ".
, ?
, .
53

 .
: " !" To , ,
, , , . , .
, .
Haare auf tier Zungelauf den Zahnen haben y c o je
, (, , ) . "
/", : " ...".
, ( ) ,
, . , ,
( .).
, ,
" " " ".
. , . he,
, , , - .

, , " ".
, , . He
" " " ".
. , : " , ",
, -:
" , ' ', ? - 1971.
... , , ,
, ...."
, , , .
. , ,
- .
(
). .
:
" ,
: ' ' ' '. ,
ohepa , . ."
( )
(, , ) . , , :
, ( ), : (. ) ,
: ( ) ... To .
, , - : ( ) ....
.
- , , -
- ( , , 1981,178).
, : Butter auf dem Kopfhaben,
, : " , ". :
" : WerButteraufdemKopf hat, der soil nicht in die Sonne ge/ien."
Ha je : " ."
,
, : " ,
", : " ".
54

 . - . , ,
- , (. )
( ). .
, , () .
() ,
() ( - ) .
, , , .
- " , ", " - ".

(- ), ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , ., -
. , , , :
" ." (V , . 850 ).
, , Frazeolokom rjeniku hiyatskoga ilisrpskogJezika(izd. "Skolska
knjiga" Zagreb, 1982):
"slijepi putnik putnik bez vozne karte" (cp. 550 6). y , - , ,
, -
" " , .
: stowaway, : " ", "", " , ".
, , "". ( : -, : "
".) : voyageur en contrabande - " ", : passeggero
clandestino - " " .
-, , ,
( ). , me
, . ( ,
- ) - - (: blinder Passagier).
, , :
1. , , ,

2. , . ,
, , ,
.
he , ,
. , , ,
( , ),
,
. , ,
. .
, blind - "",
blinder Passagier.
- - - (,
1936), , : "", " ", ,
2,4 5. blind
"", "", "" . : blinde
- " , -", blindeGraben - " () ",
blinde Klippen - " ( ) ", : " ". ,
- - , , .
55

Beh - ,
blind - "", , , , blinder Passagier - "
".
, , : ", , ", " "
( , ).
. (: blinder Passagier)
( , , ),
() . , , - ,
slepipotnik.

, ,
. , ,
-; ,
. , ,
, .
, , ,
. "", "", "", "", "", "",
"" . . ,
, , , ", ()", " -", ""
. - " ".
4. ,
, : " , , ,
". , .
, , . , : "", "", .
, , , :
"DRAG, adj. cams, dva su glavna znaenja kao to su i u latinskom i u germanskijem jezicima (isporedi njem. theuer,
engl. dear itd.), jedno: koji mnogo vrijedi (objektivno), a drugo: koga drugi ljubi (subjektivno); uopce se misli da je oprvo
starije, te da je od njega postalo drugo."
ce y , , ,
.
/, : "", "", , je ,
, (" "), ("
" " "), (" ",
" ": , , , ., " ": , ,
, , ), , ()
.
, , .
. - "" drago. (), , - "".
, , , -, .
" " .

" ,
, - ."
56

 , , : ,
. ro- :
, , apuarn .
, . ,
, .
, , ,
. To , , , , .
.
- ,
( ), .
() "". To " ".
. -
65 75 , , . , ,
68,5 ( 1 ), a 71,1 . 1500 (1066,781 ).
( > 1,12 ). , .
, : () - 65 ,
() - 68 () - 75,8 .
, , (, , .),
, , .

- .
, , .
( , ) , ,
.

, ,
. , .
To . , , : ?
:
, , tie .
. , , ,
" " " ", . ( )
( ). -
- , - ,
.
, , , .
\derece) : "", "". (" " " , ;
, , " ). ,
( , ) :
, , (, , , ,
).
,
100 (. ), -27 -30 . ,
: "", " ". :
, , - (. ).
, , , ,
. .
. , , .
, , , " ".
57

, .
, , , (" "),
.

. : (
), ( ), ( ,
), ( -).
, . : ,
( : , .)?
, ,
, . ,
" " ( ), "
, 1. - 31. " ( ), " : , ,
" (- ), " , , " ( : "
!"), .
, , 7, - , "".
To : ", , ". : " () ,
." , , .
, , , : "", ,
, : . To : , . "
", " " . : , :
(, ) , . .
, , .
, ,
. , .

.
, , , : , , .
, , () !
. ,
- , .
() . :
, : " , ". . ,
,
.
. - ,
:
, , !

! . To :
.
58

 , : "
."
, - : (: ).
, , : (
- ).
, , .
() .

-
, - " ( ) ,
, -".
- , , , ,
, . - ,
, -
. , , : ", ". ,
, ( -", "),
(", ") (", ").
- . To, ,
- . , , , :
- .

-
- ", , ( ); , ".
, (X1Y, 646),
( , . . ):
" , - (., 1951, 13751/13). , ,
- (. 10, 244)... // - ( 1,108)...".
-,
- -, (", , ")
, : " ,
?": " , !"
, , , -, - - !
, . , ,
, a ( ) . ,
, , , , . To
: " ( ),
, a , ", " ".
, , , , , : "
-, " - .
( ) ( - ) ,
. , ( ), ,
, , ,
.

59


, : ( ) , (
) , , , , , , a
. . ,
( ), -
, , .
. , ( )
, :
1. "" ( ""), : " ...
(. - ..) . .", "", ("");
2. : ", , -" (. , : "
"), , : " , , " (. ,
, "", );
3. : ", -", : "
. .";
4. : " , , ", ", , , ,
".
( , 1, , 24) . ,
. XI, . 924, :
"PRIJEK... adj. uzima se za pravac, kojije najkraci meu dvije loke; s pojmom kratkoce stoji u svezi pojam brzine, jer slo
je kratko, brie se prijee, nego toje dugo, isp. napreac, s pojmom brzine srodan je pojam naglosti, nenadanosti, takoder
pojam nemilosti, Ijutine, estine i zloce u moralnom smislu."
Koje !
: " (,
- )", , , (
, ), - :
", , ". , ,
2: " , , ".
, , " , .
", he ", ",
.

, , ,
"", , , ,
, , - .
" " " " .
" ... , ! , ,
, , , . ,
; , , , ,
; , , ,
... . , ,
, ; , ...
, , , ^... !...
; , ; ,
: , , , ..."
60

 , naq'a . , , ,
. , jape, " ,
, " . ,
. , -
.
,
. . . ,
, ( "" 8,7 ).
,
. . " "
, : " ()
, ."
, a .
, a , ,
, - .
( : Caniculares; ""), ,
.
( , ) - kanikule, ,
, Caniculares, amis ( : ""), - "". ,
, , " ".
, (: ) - " ".
- "".

, , ,
- ., .
, , , - , ,
. ? - ?
,
.
, ,
- .
, , () : "
/ / ; "
, :
"... , , , , ... - . 2, .
, , ... . - 3, .
. . - 1, .
; . -."
. , "" - ,
,
. - . - ,
, - . :
" . . ; ,
, , , , ?"
, , ,
, , .
61

"To "- . "

. .
. ,
, , -ra ,
- ."
. To, ,
( ).
() ( ) .
, (" ")
, , , -.
, ( ),
, .

, . , , ,
. , , , ; :
. ?
, , . , , , -
, a - >, (
, ). , , - "",
.
" " , . He
, :
" ". - . - . -
. - " ", - !?
, , , -. :
" , ."
", , ."
, .
,
. : (, ,
) (, - ). -
, . , ,
, : (,
.). - , ,
. , , ,
, , . To . ,
. ,
:
" , ,
..."
-. , ,
- , ,
, ,
, , .
. ,
( ), .
. , ,
.
62

. , . To ,
, , , .
,
- . :
. - . - " "...
!

, (,
) , , ,
. ,,?
, ,
, .
, {fourth
estate). , , .
, -, "
", , " " " () ".
, , ,
, ( ).
?
( ). . XVIII
- - - ,
, , . " "
, .
.
, (1795-1881),
- (1729-1797). ,
, , " ;
, ". ( XIX )
, ".
, , , (
, -, , ).
, , . , , , .
:
.
, .

, ( ,
), . To "", "", "",
"", "-" "-" - ,
.
" " - , . , , -
- , , , , - .
, - , ,
- . .
- . (,
1883) (1895) -
63

 (Jozeph Pulitzer, 1847-1911), , -

(Columbia University) , -,
, , , .
(New York World) Sunday World,
600.000 -. -, (Richard Outcault). 1895.
. ( )
, -, .
- (William Randolph Heist, 1863-1951).
, ,
(New York Journal) , .
, :" , ",
, ,
. , , - " " ("Yellow Kid"), . , a
. " "
, , .
" " - ,
, (New York Press) (Ervin Wordman) -
18%. , " ". ,
, - , ,
, ,
, , . "
", , ,
, - , ,
, . 1911, (
).
" " . " ",
, . To , , , , ,
. ,
"" " ", "" "
". To, , - .

. , ,
NT, , ,
. To "'//<?//testatum (" ",
). NT "-",
(/), "". , ,
. ,
, .
- :
, -
.
( ) .
, , ... .
.
, . , ,
64

" " " ". ,

, , .
. :
.
, -
, . " ". : " ",
"", .
canard ( : ), : ""
(), : "", "". " " 1750;
ven-dre des canards moitie (: " "), XVI
, dormer des canards a quelquun (" ") - XVII XIX
.
Dictionaire universel de la langue francaise 1834. canard ("") ca : " ", a
1842. : "" ("feuil/e vo/ante") "".
Ente ("") : " " cpehe 1850.
canard. Ho XVI blaue Enten (:" ") :
"". , , ,
.
: canard
(""), -, Ente,
blaue Ente, , , .
.
-
, - , .
, .

, , -
-. . To -
. - , , ,
. -. - ,
, -, ( - )
, .
, (" ").
- horse opera ("- ") , .
, , .
?
soap opera, ,
- . (, 1935. 1940) , ,
- , . - ( )
- . , , , (. soap
opera).
, ,
.
, .
, - , , ,
.
65