============================================================================

Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 1

Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:46 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
INPUT DATA
~~~~~~~~~~
ATV Project
Engine_specs
1 Cylinder /Carburetted /4 STROKE / Gasoline Engine
Cylinder . . . . . . .
1
Phase Angle. . . . . . 0.00deg
Bore . . . . . . . . . 58.28 mm Stroke . . . . . . . . 56.24 mm
Con-Rod Length . . . . 112.00 mm Piston Pin Offset . . 0.00 mm
Compression Ratio . . 9.50
Wiebe Heat Release Curve
Default Coefficients
Coefficient
a
m
10.000
2.000
Open Cycle Heat Transfer - Annand
Default Coefficients
Coefficient
A
B
0.200
0.800
Closed Cycle Heat Transfer - Annand
User Specified Coefficients
Coefficient
A
B
C
0.200
0.800
0.4290E-08
Cylinder scavenge model
Mixing scavenging
Valves 2
~~~~~~
Valve Number . . . . .
1
Poppet Valve Type. . .
Inlet
Inlet Valve Opens. . . 15.0 BTDC Inlet Valve Closes . . 60.0 ABDC
Dwell at Max. Lift . . 0.0 deg. Maximum Lift . . . . . 8.50 mm
Lift Diagram given by Polynomial Curve
Default Fast Lift
Valve Number . . . . .
2
Poppet Valve Type. . .
Exhaust
Exhaust Valve Opens . 40.0 BBDC Exhaust Valve Closes . 20.0 ATDC
Dwell at Max. Lift . . 0.0 deg. Maximum Lift . . . . . 8.00 mm
Lift Diagram given by Polynomial Curve
Default Fast Lift
Ports 2
~~~~~
Port Number. . . . . . . . 1
Exhaust Port
Valves per Cylinder. . . 2
Throat Diameter. . . . 22.50 mm
Flow Coefficient Specified by 10 point curve
Default Good Port
Cf @ 0.3 L/D . . . . . 0.78
Port Number. . . . . . . . 2
Inlet Port
Valves per Cylinder. . . 2
Throat Diameter. . . . 26.00 mm
Flow Coefficient Specified by 10 point curve
Default Good Port
Cf @ 0.3 L/D . . . . . 0.64
No Pipes Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Plenums Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Throttles Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Compressors Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Turbines Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
No Charge Coolers Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Inlets 1
~~~~~~
Inlet Number . . . . .
1
Normal Inlet
Exits 1
~~~~~
Exit Number. . . . . .
1
Normal Exit
Connections 2
~~~~~~~~~~~
1) Cylinder 1 Connects to Inlet
1 via Valve 1 and Port 2
2) Cylinder 1 Connects to Exit
1 via Valve 2 and Port 1
No Links Specified
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 2
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:46 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 1 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 1000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 15.3 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 3
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:46 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
1000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1413E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1414E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1177E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1178E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.1094E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.939
Scavenge Effy . . .
93.9 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
70.9 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
73.6 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.9985E-05 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.117 bar Trapped Temperature 100.3 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1504E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
6.09 %
Max.Cylinder Press
50.56 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 17.5 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 9.448 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 9.424 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.024 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 91.8 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 0.773 bar
Indicated Power . .
1.18 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 254.25 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.60 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 32.93 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
1.18 kW Brake Power . . . .
1.08 kW
Indicated Torque . . 11.25 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 10.33 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 254.25 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 276.97 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 9.42 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 8.65 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 0.77 bar Friction Power . . . 0.10 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.60 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.92 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 32.93
% Brake Thermal Effy . 30.23
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 0.95 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 26.7 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 4
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:46 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37777. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 414.9 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 934.0 C HTC. 194.40 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.2948 kW
Piston: Temp. 414.9 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 934.0 C HTC. 194.40 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.2814 kW
Liner : Temp. 114.1 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 107.8 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 928.2 C HTC. 192.83 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.3778 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
928.2
192.8
0.2819E-01 114.09
2
0.0010
929.4
192.2
0.6373E-01 114.09
3
0.0038
859.3
137.3
0.4512E-01 114.09
4
0.0066
766.2
117.9
0.3542E-01 114.09
5
0.0094
705.7
105.0
0.2931E-01 114.09
6
0.0122
664.7
95.92
0.2497E-01 114.09
7
0.0151
629.7
87.82
0.2168E-01 114.09
8
0.0179
601.7
81.05
0.1904E-01 114.09
9
0.0207
577.3
74.85
0.1686E-01 114.09
10
0.0235
557.4
69.57
0.1499E-01 114.09
11
0.0263
539.5
64.63
0.1336E-01 114.09
12
0.0291
523.2
59.97
0.1191E-01 114.09
13
0.0319
508.3
55.54
0.1058E-01 114.09
14
0.0347
493.2
50.95
0.9354E-02 114.09
15
0.0376
479.0
46.55
0.8195E-02 114.09
16
0.0404
465.4
42.34
0.7080E-02 114.09
17
0.0432
449.8
37.60
0.5985E-02 114.09
18
0.0460
434.0
33.04
0.4877E-02 114.09
19
0.0488
414.6
27.99
0.3713E-02 114.09
20
0.0516
385.7
21.85
0.2436E-02 114.09
21
0.0544
342.6
14.85
0.9884E-03 114.09
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.26977E-04 kg
CO 0.43716E-05 kg
O2 0.55169E-08 kg
N2* 0.10736E-03 kg
H2O 0.11624E-04 kg
Fuel 0.45334E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.857E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.16429E-05 kg
CO 0.26622E-06 kg
O2 0.30465E-04 kg
N2* 0.10736E-03 kg
H2O 0.70786E-06 kg
Fuel 0.99854E-05 kg
CO2
0.761 % dry CO
0.194 % dry O2
19.418 % dry
N2*
77.785 % dry H2O
0.801 % dry Fuel 0.17829E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
38.7 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
15.3 deg
Soc . . -5.9 atdc A10 % . 2.6 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 17.8 atdc Eob . . 32.8 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 4 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.073 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.013 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.073 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.013 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 5
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:46 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 2 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 2000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 16.4 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 6
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
2000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1465E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1469E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.2442E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.2448E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.2270E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.945
Scavenge Effy . . .
94.5 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
73.5 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
76.4 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1036E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.148 bar Trapped Temperature
99.4 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1550E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
5.47 %
Max.Cylinder Press
51.71 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.0 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 10.133 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.109 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.024 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 90.6 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 0.946 bar
Indicated Power . .
2.53 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 245.90 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.48 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.05 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
2.53 kW Brake Power . . . .
2.29 kW
Indicated Torque . . 12.07 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 10.94 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 245.90 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 271.28 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.11 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.16 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 0.95 bar Friction Power . . . 0.24 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.48 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.84 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.05
% Brake Thermal Effy . 30.86
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 1.73 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 23.3 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 7
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 419.2 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 950.3 C HTC. 340.32 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.5280 kW
Piston: Temp. 419.2 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 950.3 C HTC. 340.32 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.5040 kW
Liner : Temp. 126.0 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 114.1 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 946.8 C HTC. 338.71 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.6943 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
946.8
338.7
0.4994E-01 125.96
2
0.0010
948.0
337.7
0.1131
125.96
3
0.0038
885.6
240.7
0.8115E-01 125.96
4
0.0066
796.6
207.1
0.6426E-01 125.96
5
0.0094
738.3
184.7
0.5354E-01 125.96
6
0.0122
698.5
168.9
0.4590E-01 125.96
7
0.0151
664.6
154.8
0.4005E-01 125.96
8
0.0179
637.6
142.9
0.3536E-01 125.96
9
0.0207
613.9
132.1
0.3144E-01 125.96
10
0.0235
594.7
122.9
0.2810E-01 125.96
11
0.0263
577.4
114.3
0.2516E-01 125.96
12
0.0291
561.7
106.1
0.2253E-01 125.96
13
0.0319
547.4
98.38
0.2013E-01 125.96
14
0.0347
533.1
90.34
0.1789E-01 125.96
15
0.0376
519.7
82.66
0.1578E-01 125.96
16
0.0404
506.9
75.27
0.1374E-01 125.96
17
0.0432
492.6
66.98
0.1172E-01 125.96
18
0.0460
478.2
58.98
0.9683E-02 125.96
19
0.0488
461.0
50.13
0.7528E-02 125.96
20
0.0516
436.1
39.38
0.5135E-02 125.96
21
0.0544
398.8
27.01
0.2184E-02 125.96
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.27803E-04 kg
CO 0.45056E-05 kg
O2 0.57246E-08 kg
N2* 0.11065E-03 kg
H2O 0.11980E-04 kg
Fuel 0.47030E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.863E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.15214E-05 kg
CO 0.24655E-06 kg
O2 0.31605E-04 kg
N2* 0.11065E-03 kg
H2O 0.65553E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10359E-04 kg
CO2
0.684 % dry CO
0.174 % dry O2
19.539 % dry
N2*
77.757 % dry H2O
0.720 % dry Fuel 0.17940E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
41.6 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
16.4 deg
Soc . . -7.1 atdc A10 % . 2.0 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 18.4 atdc Eob . . 34.5 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 4 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.237 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.013 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.237 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.013 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 8
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 3 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 3000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 17.5 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 9
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
3000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
4
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1497E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1503E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.3742E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.3757E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.3478E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.949
Scavenge Effy . . .
94.9 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
75.1 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
78.0 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1058E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.170 bar Trapped Temperature
99.7 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1578E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
5.13 %
Max.Cylinder Press
52.08 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.0 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 10.508 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.483 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.024 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 89.3 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.119 bar
Indicated Power . .
3.93 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 242.22 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.43 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.56 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
3.93 kW Brake Power . . . .
3.51 kW
Indicated Torque . . 12.52 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 11.18 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 242.22 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 271.16 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.48 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.36 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.12 bar Friction Power . . . 0.42 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.43 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.84 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.56
% Brake Thermal Effy . 30.88
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 2.45 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 21.5 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 10
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 423.3 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 961.6 C HTC. 474.42 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.7462 kW
Piston: Temp. 423.3 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 961.6 C HTC. 474.42 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.7123 kW
Liner : Temp. 137.1 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 120.0 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 959.1 C HTC. 472.80 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.9896 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
959.1
472.8
0.6984E-01 137.14
2
0.0010
960.2
471.3
0.1581
137.14
3
0.0038
901.9
335.7
0.1143
137.14
4
0.0066
815.3
289.0
0.9090E-01 137.14
5
0.0094
758.0
257.9
0.7598E-01 137.14
6
0.0122
719.0
235.9
0.6531E-01 137.14
7
0.0151
685.7
216.3
0.5714E-01 137.14
8
0.0179
659.2
199.9
0.5058E-01 137.14
9
0.0207
636.1
184.9
0.4509E-01 137.14
10
0.0235
617.3
172.1
0.4040E-01 137.14
11
0.0263
600.5
160.1
0.3627E-01 137.14
12
0.0291
585.3
148.7
0.3257E-01 137.14
13
0.0319
571.6
138.0
0.2919E-01 137.14
14
0.0347
557.8
126.8
0.2604E-01 137.14
15
0.0376
545.1
116.1
0.2306E-01 137.14
16
0.0404
533.1
105.8
0.2017E-01 137.14
17
0.0432
519.8
94.31
0.1732E-01 137.14
18
0.0460
506.8
83.18
0.1443E-01 137.14
19
0.0488
491.4
70.87
0.1138E-01 137.14
20
0.0516
469.9
55.93
0.7963E-02 137.14
21
0.0544
438.9
38.67
0.3599E-02 137.14
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.28299E-04 kg
CO 0.45859E-05 kg
O2 0.58469E-08 kg
N2* 0.11262E-03 kg
H2O 0.12193E-04 kg
Fuel 0.48043E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.866E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.14505E-05 kg
CO 0.23506E-06 kg
O2 0.32285E-04 kg
N2* 0.11262E-03 kg
H2O 0.62499E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10582E-04 kg
CO2
0.640 % dry CO
0.163 % dry O2
19.606 % dry
N2*
77.741 % dry H2O
0.674 % dry Fuel 0.18002E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
44.5 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
17.5 deg
Soc . . -8.3 atdc A10 % . 1.5 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 19.0 atdc Eob . . 36.2 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 4 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.394 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.010 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.394 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.010 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 11
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:47 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 4 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 4000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 18.6 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 12
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:48 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
4000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
6
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1517E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1517E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.5056E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.5057E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.4699E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.951
Scavenge Effy . . .
95.1 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
76.1 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
79.1 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1072E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.186 bar Trapped Temperature 101.0 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1595E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
4.91 %
Max.Cylinder Press
52.05 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.0 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 10.737 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.711 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.026 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 87.9 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.292 bar
Indicated Power . .
5.36 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 240.21 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.40 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.85 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
5.36 kW Brake Power . . . .
4.71 kW
Indicated Torque . . 12.79 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 11.25 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 240.21 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 273.16 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.71 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.42 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.29 bar Friction Power . . . 0.65 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.40 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.86 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 34.85
% Brake Thermal Effy . 30.65
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 3.13 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 20.4 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 13
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:48 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 427.2 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 970.9 C HTC. 600.99 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.9546 kW
Piston: Temp. 427.2 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 970.9 C HTC. 600.99 W/m2.K HT.Rate
0.9112 kW
Liner : Temp. 148.1 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 127.7 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 968.9 C HTC. 599.38 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.2646 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
968.9
599.4
0.8833E-01 148.09
2
0.0010
969.9
597.5
0.1997
148.09
3
0.0038
914.5
425.2
0.1451
148.09
4
0.0066
829.6
366.3
0.1156
148.09
5
0.0094
773.0
327.0
0.9681E-01 148.09
6
0.0122
734.6
299.2
0.8334E-01 148.09
7
0.0151
701.7
274.4
0.7302E-01 148.09
8
0.0179
675.6
253.7
0.6471E-01 148.09
9
0.0207
652.9
234.7
0.5778E-01 148.09
10
0.0235
634.5
218.5
0.5183E-01 148.09
11
0.0263
618.1
203.4
0.4661E-01 148.09
12
0.0291
603.3
189.1
0.4192E-01 148.09
13
0.0319
590.0
175.5
0.3763E-01 148.09
14
0.0347
576.7
161.4
0.3365E-01 148.09
15
0.0376
564.6
147.9
0.2986E-01 148.09
16
0.0404
553.3
134.9
0.2621E-01 148.09
17
0.0432
540.9
120.3
0.2260E-01 148.09
18
0.0460
528.9
106.3
0.1893E-01 148.09
19
0.0488
515.2
90.72
0.1506E-01 148.09
20
0.0516
496.7
71.85
0.1074E-01 148.09
21
0.0544
471.4
50.03
0.5114E-02 148.09
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.28607E-04 kg
CO 0.46359E-05 kg
O2 0.59261E-08 kg
N2* 0.11384E-03 kg
H2O 0.12326E-04 kg
Fuel 0.48680E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.868E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.14032E-05 kg
CO 0.22739E-06 kg
O2 0.32713E-04 kg
N2* 0.11384E-03 kg
H2O 0.60460E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10722E-04 kg
CO2
0.613 % dry CO
0.156 % dry O2
19.649 % dry
N2*
77.731 % dry H2O
0.645 % dry Fuel 0.18041E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
47.3 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
18.6 deg
Soc . . -9.4 atdc A10 % . 0.9 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 19.6 atdc Eob . . 37.9 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 6 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.010 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.133 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.010 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.133 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 14
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:48 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 5 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 5000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 19.7 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 15
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
5000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
6
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1533E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1533E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.6386E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.6387E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.5935E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.953
Scavenge Effy . . .
95.3 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
76.9 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
79.9 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1083E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.200 bar Trapped Temperature 102.1 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1609E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
4.74 %
Max.Cylinder Press
51.89 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.0 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 10.910 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.878 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.032 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 86.5 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.465 bar
Indicated Power . .
6.80 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.99 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.38 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.03 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
6.80 kW Brake Power . . . .
5.88 kW
Indicated Torque . . 12.99 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 11.24 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.99 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 276.18 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.88 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.41 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.46 bar Friction Power . . . 0.92 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.38 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.91 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.03
% Brake Thermal Effy . 30.31
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 3.79 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 19.5 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 16
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 431.0 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 978.6 C HTC. 722.87 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.1565 kW
Piston: Temp. 431.0 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 978.6 C HTC. 722.87 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.1039 kW
Liner : Temp. 158.3 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 133.6 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 977.0 C HTC. 721.26 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.5322 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
977.0
721.3
0.1060
158.32
2
0.0010
977.9
718.9
0.2394
158.32
3
0.0038
924.6
511.3
0.1747
158.32
4
0.0066
841.3
440.6
0.1395
158.32
5
0.0094
785.3
393.5
0.1169
158.32
6
0.0122
747.3
360.2
0.1008
158.32
7
0.0151
714.8
330.5
0.8843E-01 158.32
8
0.0179
689.1
305.6
0.7847E-01 158.32
9
0.0207
666.7
282.8
0.7014E-01 158.32
10
0.0235
648.6
263.4
0.6301E-01 158.32
11
0.0263
632.6
245.3
0.5675E-01 158.32
12
0.0291
618.2
228.1
0.5112E-01 158.32
13
0.0319
605.2
211.8
0.4597E-01 158.32
14
0.0347
592.4
194.9
0.4119E-01 158.32
15
0.0376
580.8
178.7
0.3665E-01 158.32
16
0.0404
570.1
163.2
0.3226E-01 158.32
17
0.0432
558.5
145.7
0.2793E-01 158.32
18
0.0460
547.6
128.8
0.2353E-01 158.32
19
0.0488
535.4
110.2
0.1888E-01 158.32
20
0.0516
519.5
87.55
0.1368E-01 158.32
21
0.0544
499.4
61.36
0.6813E-02 158.32
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.28854E-04 kg
CO 0.46759E-05 kg
O2 0.59889E-08 kg
N2* 0.11483E-03 kg
H2O 0.12432E-04 kg
Fuel 0.49187E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.870E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.13665E-05 kg
CO 0.22145E-06 kg
O2 0.33054E-04 kg
N2* 0.11483E-03 kg
H2O 0.58878E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10834E-04 kg
CO2
0.592 % dry CO
0.151 % dry O2
19.682 % dry
N2*
77.723 % dry H2O
0.623 % dry Fuel 0.18072E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
50.2 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
19.8 deg
Soc . . -10.6 atdc A10 % . 0.4 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 20.1 atdc Eob . . 39.6 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 6 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.008 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.164 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.008 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.164 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 17
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 6 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 6000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 20.9 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 18
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
6000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
6
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1544E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1544E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.7721E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.7722E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.7176E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.954
Scavenge Effy . . .
95.4 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
77.5 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
80.5 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1092E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.212 bar Trapped Temperature 103.4 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1619E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
4.60 %
Max.Cylinder Press
51.63 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.5 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 11.034 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.991 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.042 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 85.1 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.638 bar
Indicated Power . .
8.25 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.33 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.37 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.13 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
8.25 kW Brake Power . . . .
7.02 kW
Indicated Torque . . 13.12 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 11.17 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.33 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 280.05 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 10.99 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.35 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.64 bar Friction Power . . . 1.23 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.37 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 3.96 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.13
% Brake Thermal Effy . 29.89
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 4.44 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 18.9 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 19
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 434.7 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 985.7 C HTC. 840.67 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.3532 kW
Piston: Temp. 434.7 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 985.7 C HTC. 840.67 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.2917 kW
Liner : Temp. 168.2 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 139.3 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 984.3 C HTC. 839.06 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.7906 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
984.3
839.1
0.1229
168.20
2
0.0010
985.2
836.3
0.2772
168.20
3
0.0038
933.4
594.4
0.2031
168.20
4
0.0066
851.7
512.4
0.1624
168.20
5
0.0094
796.3
457.7
0.1363
168.20
6
0.0122
758.6
419.1
0.1176
168.20
7
0.0151
726.5
384.6
0.1033
168.20
8
0.0179
701.0
355.8
0.9174E-01 168.20
9
0.0207
678.9
329.4
0.8210E-01 168.20
10
0.0235
661.1
306.9
0.7384E-01 168.20
11
0.0263
645.4
285.8
0.6658E-01 168.20
12
0.0291
631.3
266.0
0.6006E-01 168.20
13
0.0319
618.7
247.1
0.5410E-01 168.20
14
0.0347
606.3
227.5
0.4856E-01 168.20
15
0.0376
595.2
208.7
0.4330E-01 168.20
16
0.0404
585.0
190.7
0.3822E-01 168.20
17
0.0432
574.2
170.5
0.3320E-01 168.20
18
0.0460
564.2
150.9
0.2811E-01 168.20
19
0.0488
553.4
129.3
0.2272E-01 168.20
20
0.0516
540.0
103.1
0.1670E-01 168.20
21
0.0544
524.6
72.67
0.8612E-02 168.20
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.29033E-04 kg
CO 0.47049E-05 kg
O2 0.60343E-08 kg
N2* 0.11554E-03 kg
H2O 0.12510E-04 kg
Fuel 0.49563E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.871E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.13357E-05 kg
CO 0.21646E-06 kg
O2 0.33307E-04 kg
N2* 0.11554E-03 kg
H2O 0.57553E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10917E-04 kg
CO2
0.575 % dry CO
0.146 % dry O2
19.709 % dry
N2*
77.717 % dry H2O
0.605 % dry Fuel 0.18096E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
53.0 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
20.9 deg
Soc . . -11.8 atdc A10 % . -0.2 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 20.7 atdc Eob . . 41.2 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 6 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet -0.003 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.192 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
-0.003 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.192 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 20
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:49 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
OPERATING CONDITION
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Load Case 7 - ( Created by Test Wizard )"
Engine Speed . . . . . 7000.0 rpm
50% Combustion Angle . 10.0 ATDC
Default Timing
Burn Angle (10%-90%) . 22.0 deg.
Default Period
Overall Equiv Ratio . 1.10
Ambient Pressure . . . 1.000 bar Ambient Temperature . 20.0 C
Relative Humidity . . 0.000
Specific Humidity . . 0.0000 kg/kg
Inlet 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar Temperature. . . . . . 20.0 C
Exit 1 Pressure . . 1.000 bar
Mechanical Friction .
Default Gasoline
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 21
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:50 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
RESULTS
7000.0 rpm
~~~~~~~
Simulation Cycle Number
6
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GAS FLOWS
~~~~~~~~~
Per Cycle
Cylinder 1
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.1553E-03 kg Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.1553E-03 kg
Inlet Valve(s). . . 0.9059E-02 kg/s Exhaust Valve(s). . 0.9058E-02 kg/s
Air Flow. . . . . . 0.8418E-02 kg/s
Scavenge Ratio . . . 0.955
Scavenge Effy . . .
95.5 %
Trapping Effy . . . 100.0 % Charging Effy . . .
77.9 %
Vol. Eff. (Ambient)
80.9 % @ Press, Temp: 1.000 bar, 20.0 C
FUELLING
~~~~~~~~
1) Fuel Mass/Cycle 0.1098E-04 kg Overall Equiv ratio
1.10
TRAPPED CONDITIONS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
Trapped Pressure .
1.222 bar Trapped Temperature 104.9 C
Trapped Mass . . . 0.1626E-03 kg Residuals . . . .
4.49 %
Max.Cylinder Press
51.31 bar @ Angle (deg) . . . 18.5 ATDC
PERFORMANCE
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
IMEP (Power bdc-bdc) 11.124 bar IMEP (Complete Cycle) 11.067 bar
IMEP (Pumping bdc-bdc) -0.057 bar
Mechanical Efficiency 83.6 % FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.811 bar
Indicated Power . .
9.69 kW
CONSUMPTION
~~~~~~~~~~~
Cylinder 1
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.05 g/kWh ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.37 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.17 %
TOTALS
~~~~~~
Indicated Power . .
9.69 kW Brake Power . . . .
8.10 kW
Indicated Torque . . 13.21 Nm Brake Torque . . . . 11.05 Nm
ISFC . . . . . . . . 238.05 g/kWh BSFC . . . . . . . . 284.62 g/kWh
IMEP (Complete Cycle) 11.07 bar BMEP . . . . . . . . 9.26 bar
FMEP . . . . . . . . 1.81 bar Friction Power . . . 1.58 kW
ISAC . . . . . . . . 3.37 kg/kWh BSAC . . . . . . . . 4.03 kg/kWh
Ind. Thermal Effy. . 35.17
% Brake Thermal Effy . 29.42
%
HEAT TRANSFER
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
per Cylinder
Cylinder 1
Cyl. Heat Loss Rate . 5.06 kW Fraction of Fuel Energy 18.4 %
============================================================================

============================================================================
Lotus Engine Simulation v5.05a p 22
Test ATV_e from file "E:\MY DOX\12-Lotus engine simulation\ATV\_ENGIN_RUN1.SIM" at 17:22:50 on 20/01/14
============================================================================
MISCELLANEOUS DATA AND RESULTS
MAXIMUM STEP SIZE
Overlap = 0.50 deg Valve Open = 0.50 deg Valves Closed = 0.50 deg
FUEL
Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio
1.80 Relative Density . . . 0.750
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
0.00 Molecular Weight . . . 114.23 g/mole
Stoichiometric A/F Ratio 14.46 Calorific Value . . . 43000. kJ/kg
1) Maldistribution. . 0.01 Eff.Calorific Value. . 37776. kJ/kg
Moles per mole Fuel C . . . 8.26 H . . . 14.87 O . . . 0.00
1)Moles in Prod. CO2 . 6.59 CO. . 1.68 H2. . 6.93 H2O . 0.50
HEAT TRANSFER
Cylinder 1
Head : Temp. 438.4 C Area .2934E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.10
Mean Gas.Temp. 992.3 C HTC. 955.07 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.5458 kW
Piston: Temp. 438.4 C Area .2801E-02 m2
Area Factor 1.05
Mean Gas.Temp. 992.3 C HTC. 955.07 W/m2.K HT.Rate
1.4755 kW
Liner : Temp. 177.8 C TDC. .1831E-03 m2
BDC. .9269E-02 m2 Outer Temp. 144.9 C
Mean Gas.Temp. 991.1 C HTC. 953.47 W/m2.K HT.Rate
2.0413 kW
Seg. No Dist. to top M.Gas.T.(C) HT.Coef(W/M2.K) HT.Rate(kW) In.W.Temp(C)
1
0.0000
991.1
953.5
0.1392
177.78
2
0.0010
991.9
950.3
0.3133
177.78
3
0.0038
941.4
674.9
0.2304
177.78
4
0.0066
861.3
582.0
0.1846
177.78
5
0.0094
806.3
520.1
0.1550
177.78
6
0.0122
768.9
476.3
0.1339
177.78
7
0.0151
737.1
437.2
0.1177
177.78
8
0.0179
711.9
404.6
0.1046
177.78
9
0.0207
690.1
374.7
0.9370E-01 177.78
10
0.0235
672.6
349.3
0.8436E-01 177.78
11
0.0263
657.1
325.4
0.7615E-01 177.78
12
0.0291
643.3
302.9
0.6879E-01 177.78
13
0.0319
631.0
281.5
0.6204E-01 177.78
14
0.0347
619.0
259.3
0.5578E-01 177.78
15
0.0376
608.3
238.1
0.4984E-01 177.78
16
0.0404
598.7
217.7
0.4409E-01 177.78
17
0.0432
588.6
194.8
0.3843E-01 177.78
18
0.0460
579.4
172.6
0.3267E-01 177.78
19
0.0488
569.8
148.1
0.2660E-01 177.78
20
0.0516
558.7
118.4
0.1979E-01 177.78
21
0.0544
547.6
83.99
0.1046E-01 177.78
MASSES AT FIRST VALVE OPENING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.29164E-04 kg
CO 0.47261E-05 kg
O2 0.60664E-08 kg
N2* 0.11606E-03 kg
H2O 0.12566E-04 kg
Fuel 0.49844E-09 kg
CO2
13.239 % dry CO
3.371 % dry O2
0.004 % dry
N2*
82.372 % dry H2O
13.936 % dry Fuel 0.872E-04 % dry
MASSES AT LAST VALVE CLOSING
Cylinder 1
CO2 0.13092E-05 kg
CO 0.21216E-06 kg
O2 0.33496E-04 kg
N2* 0.11606E-03 kg
H2O 0.56409E-06 kg
Fuel 0.10979E-04 kg
CO2
0.561 % dry CO
0.143 % dry O2
19.730 % dry
N2*
77.712 % dry H2O
0.590 % dry Fuel 0.18116E+01 % dry
COMBUSTION DATA
Cylinder 1
0 - 100 % Burn . . .
55.9 deg 10 - 90 % Burn . . .
22.0 deg
Soc . . -13.0 atdc A10 % . -0.7 atdc A50 % . . 10.0 atdc
A90 % . 21.3 atdc Eob . . 42.9 atdc
FLOW DATA
CONVERGENCE
Cycle No. 6 (Within Limits)
Cylinder : 1 Inlet
0.004 % ( 0.50) Exhaust -0.219 % ( 0.50)
Inlet : 1
0.004 % ( 0.50)
Exit : 1
-0.219 % ( 0.50)
============================================================================

============================================================================
Performance Summary
------------------Eng.Speed [rev/min] B.Power [kW] B.Torque [Nm] BMEP [bar] BSFC [g/kW/hr] V.Eff. [%]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1000.0
1.08
10.33
8.65
276.97
73.6
2000.0
2.29
10.94
9.16
271.28
76.4
3000.0
3.51
11.18
9.36
271.16
78.0
4000.0
4.71
11.25
9.42
273.16
79.1
5000.0
5.88
11.24
9.41
276.18
79.9
6000.0
7.02
11.17
9.35
280.05
80.5
7000.0
8.10
11.05
9.26
284.62
80.9

Concise Format Summary

---------------------1000.0 1.08 10.33 8.65
2000.0 2.29 10.94 9.16
3000.0 3.51 11.18 9.36
4000.0 4.71 11.25 9.42
5000.0 5.88 11.24 9.41
6000.0 7.02 11.17 9.35
7000.0 8.10 11.05 9.26

276.97
271.28
271.16
273.16
276.18
280.05
284.62

73.6
76.4
78.0
79.1
79.9
80.5
80.9

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$ Start of echo of input data file
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
ATV Project
Engine_specs
ATV_engine
533
CYCLE
4
CYLINDER
-1
$default cylinder
58.28
56.24
112.00
0.00
9.50
0.00
0 0 1
FUEL
1
CSYS
1
BURN
1
HEAT
1
-1
0.200
0.800 0.429000E-08
TEMPERATURE
1
1.100
1.050
1.00 20
-1
2 2 1
-1
1 1 1
-1
1 1 1
-1
1 1 1
PORTS
2
$default exhaust port
2 0 2
22.500
$default intake port
1 0 2
26.000
VALVES
2
$default intake valve
1 1 0
0 0
15.0
60.0
0.0
8.500
0.00000
0.00000
$default exhaust valve
1 2 0
0 0
40.0
20.0
0.0
8.000
0.00000
0.00000

112.480
-100.000

INLETS
1
$default inlet
EXITS
1
$default exit
DPROPERTIES
0
0.00
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
CONNECTIONS
2
CYLINDER 1
INLET 1
VALVE 1
PORT 2
CYLINDER 1
EXIT 1
VALVE 2
PORT 1
TESTS
7
Load Case 1 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
1000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 2 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
2000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 3 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
3000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 4 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
4000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0

0.00000

5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 5 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
5000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 6 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
6000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
Load Case 7 - ( Created by Test Wizard )
7000.00
1
0
0
2 1.10000
1.00000 0.100000E-01
1.00000
20.0000
0.00000
1.00000
20.0000
1
1.00000
25.0000
0
0
0
0
0 1
0.0000 0 0
5 3
0.0000
0.0000
0 0 0 0
ICENGINES
1
$Default Detailed Eng
1
SOLVER SETTINGS
2
1
0
0.5000 2.5000 0.2000 1.2000
ROUTE
0
USER ARGUMENTS
7
20
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

BUILDER 811133141140
9
20
0
35
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
17
13
20
0
0
0

1
1
0

1.500000E-02
0
0
0
0

0
0

0
0

2.50000
1
0

0
1

0
0

1
1

14.1845
1
0

0
0

1
0

21.2077

0
0
1
13
16
1
1
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
11
17
1
1
1
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
16
17
1
1
1
2
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
18
17
1
1
1
2
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
9
17
1
1
1
1
4
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
4
8
17
1
1
1
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
11
19
17
3
1
1
2
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$ End of echo of input data file
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$