ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNER

Teaching Grammar and Vocabulary for Young Learner

Present by

Gea Aulia Rachmah Hasannudin Monica Carloline Siti Nur Anisa Wardah Sajidah Yuyun Yunarsih

Content of Discussion
Grammar o Definition of Grammar o Teaching Grammar in English o Media in Teaching Grammar o Methods of Teaching Grammar for Young Learners Vocabulary o Definition of Vocabulary o Teaching Vocabulary in English o Steps in Teaching Vocabulary o Media in Teaching Vocabulary o Methods of Teaching Vovabulary for Young Learners

The definition of Grammar

Linguistics => grammar: the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. Refers also to the study of such rules, and this field

includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often

complemented pragmatics. by phonetics, semantics, and

Usage books and style guides that call themselves

grammars punctuation. may also refer to spelling and

Teaching Grammar in English

The formal teaching of grammar is not usually a major objective when teaching English to children. The learning of English grammar and basic sentence patterns is nevertheless important to enable children to participate in activities which focus on purposeful communication. It should be emphasizes the importance of relating language learning to childrens experience in everyday life.

Media in Teaching Grammar

The teacher could use picture as a media in teaching grammar. It can be a simple picture or some sequence pictures. We also can use word card.

Methods of Teaching Grammar for Young Learners

In teaching grammar for young learners, the teacher could use PPP method. Harmer (2001: 31) stated that PPP stands for Presentation, Practice and Production. In PPP classes or sequences, the teacher presents the context and situation for the language and both explains and demonstrates the meaning and form of the new language. The students then practice the new language before going on to the production stage.
Presentation Practice Product

Example
Technique: Arranging sentence Media: Word Card Procedures: o The teacher gives explanation about the material. (singular plural) o The students practice arranging word into sentences by using word card as the media. o The students producing new language by make a sentence relates to the material.

Definition of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the all the language and words either used or understood by a person or group of people. According to Penny Ur (2000: 60) Vocabulary can be defined, roughly, as the words we teach in the foreign language one thing that may not be neglected in teaching and learning English for foreigners is to each vocabulary because without knowing vocabulary people cannot communicate with each other.

Teaching Vocabulary in English

Principles in teaching vocabulary: 1. The teaching of vocabulary should be based on the students ability 2. The teaching of vocabulary should be suitable with students capability 3. The words are taught from easiest to the difficult.

Steps in Teaching Vocabulary

There are six steps: Step 1: ExplainProvide a description, explanation, or example of the new term. Step 2: RestateAsk students to restate the description, explanation, or example in their own words. Step 3: ShowAsk students to construct a picture, symbol, or graphic representation of the term.

Step 4: DiscussEngage students in discussion activities that help them add to their knowledge of the terms in their vocabulary notebooks. Step 5: Refine and reflect Ask students to return to their notebooks to discuss and refine entries. Step 6: Apply in Learning GamesInvolve students in games that allow them to play with terms.

Media in Teaching Vocabulary

There are several media that can be used in teaching in vocabulary. They are pictures, realia, real object, pictures dictionary, vocabulary books, word families/sets, vocabulary cards, collages, researching.

Methods of Teaching Vocabulary for Young Learners

When introducing vocabulary, it should ideally be presented in a context which is familiar to the child. Visual support is very important to help convey neaning and to help pupils memorize new words. There are some methods in teaching vocabulary for Young Learner: oUsing object oDrawing oUsing Illustration and Pictures oMime, Expressions, and Gestures oUsing Opposites oGuessing from Context oTranslation

Technique in teaching vocabulary

Labelling

Whats missing? & Kimss game

Technique

Bingo

Giving instructions/ picture dictation

Whats missing? & Kims game (using object)

This game can be played by using illustration which is drawn by the teacher and stucked on the board or the real object which are used and displayed on a tray or a table (Kims game). Procedure : Teacher provide some real objects or pictures that showed to the students in front of the class. And mention the name of the objects. Teacher choose one student to play the game. The student should close her/his eyes. While the student close her/his eyes, the teacher should omit one of the objects. When the student open his/her eyes, he/she should guess whats missing? The teacher could ask the rest of the class, Is he/she right?

Labeling (Guessing from Context)

Encourage pupils to take risks and guess the meanings of words they dont know as much as possible. This will help them build up their self-confidence so that they can work out the meanings of words when they are on their own. There are many clues pupils can use to establish meaning for themselves: Illustrations Similarity of spelling or sound in the mother tongue General knowledge

Labeling (Guessing from Context)

Procedure: 1. First, the teacher deliver material about kinds of place 2. Second, the teacher gives the guessing game about kinds of place 3.Third, teacher asks the students to see the picture which is provided 4.Fourth, the teacher invite one student or more to guess what the picture is 5. If the students cant answer what the picture is, the teacher gives some clues of the picture such as the characteristics of the picture itself. 6. If the students can answer it, the teachers asks the students, is it correct or no?

Picture Dictation/ giving instruction

This a low preparation fun activity that works well wit large classes, especially with young learners and teens. All your students need is a blank piece of paper and all the teacher need is a little bit of imagination.

Picture dictation/ giving instruction

The procedure to apply this technique are: 1. First of all explain to the students that they are going to do a picture dictation, that teacher going to describe a picture to the student and that all they have to do simply listen and show the picture which is appropriate with the teachers description. 2. The second, teacher invite two students to come forward, and give them some picture. 3. The third, teacher start to describe. 4. The fourth, teacher ask to the students to show the picture which appropriate with the teachers description. 5. The last, teacher ask to the other student whether true or not, if it false the teacher should make it correct.

Bingo (Guessing from Context)

Bingo is a fun way to improve your child's english, such as: vocabulary, reading Procedure: 1. First, the teacher gives the material. For example: the material about animals 2. After the teacher gives the material, tell them that they will practice a game. 3. Tell the students about the game.

Labeling (Translation)
A great deal of vocabulary can be introduced by using illustrations or pictures, either those found in the language learning materials you are using or by making your own visual aids, used pictures the meaning and helps to make the word more memorable Procedure 1.First, the teacher deliver material about thing in the class. 2. Second, the teacher gives the labeling game about thing in the class. 3.Third, teacher asks the students to match the words in English and the meaning in the word card.

Conclusion
In conclusion, there are many ways to teach grammar and vocabulary. It varies not only in method but also in technique and media. The method which can be used are PPP; using object; drawing; using illustration and pictures; mime, expressions, and gestures; using opposites; guessing from context; and, translation etc. The technique which can be used are arranging sentence, whats missing & Kims game, labeling, giving instruction, bingo, etc. The media are pictures, word card, real object or realia, etc.

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