WHOLE NUMBERS

Place value representation of numbers Grouping or trading

NUMERATION PRINCIPLES
These principles result from a structural perspective on mathematics. This perspective believes that it is more important to develop these principles across all numbers than learn particular sized numbers. It also provides framework in which all whole number and decimal numbers can be considered.

1. Counting The starting point for numeration is counting. However, counting does not stop with 100. All place values count, as do decimals and fractions.

 Odometer Odometer is a name given to the principle which describes the nature of all place-value positions to count like the ones position. For example:
COUNTING BY ONES 25 26 27 28 29 30 COUNTING BY HUNDREDS 47 567 47 667 47 767 47 867 47 967 48 067 COUNTING BY THOUSANDS 335 764 336 764 337 764 338 764 339 764 340 764

 This odometer pattern is for counting back as well as counting on, for example: 32 65 218 872 455 31 65 118 871 455 30 65 018 870 455 29 64 918 869 455 The best material for teaching this principle is a calculator. For example, enter 47 567 and then add 100 and keep pressing =.

Separation / Numerical partitioning

Separation or numerical partitioning (Van de Walle, 1990) is the part-whole part of numeration - it is seeing a number as its place value components. That is, 263 is 2 hundreds, 6 tens and 3 ones. Children need to partition flexibly - 25 can be 2 tens and 5 ones, but it also can be seen as 25 ones and 1 ten 15 ones.

 Materials such as MAB and bundling sticks have the partitioning/ separation built in. As soon as a number is represented with this material, it is numerically partitioned. Numeral expanders also expand or separate/partition numbers.

The Hindu-Arabic numeration system has four characteristics :

Place value: the position of a digit represents its value Base of ten: a collection of ten The use of zero: symbolically represent the absence of something Additive property: numbers can be summed with respect to place value