Annex A (Detailed Discussion)

BACKGROUND The 7th Infantr Di!ision" #hili$$ine Ar% is currentl $a in& an a!era&e of '() *illion #esos +orth of %onthl ,ills for its $o+er consu%$tions this includes $ost and tenant units inside ca%$( One a%on& of its tenant unit is Co%,at Ar%s -chool" TRADOC" #A( The Co%,at Ar%s -chool" TRADOC" #A is caterin& lar&e nu%,er of students ,oth ,asic and ad!ance courses fro% Artiller and Infantr A.#O-( The de%and of electricit is ,eco%e one of the %a/or concern need to ,e addressed( The unit need to &enerate an a!era&e of ei&ht thousand fi!e hundred 0ilo+att hours (1"233 K45) %onthl of electricit to acco%$lish its %ission essential acti!ities( O!er the ears" the unit rel on $o+er &rid lines $ro!ided , Nue!a 6ci/a 6lectric Coo$erati!e" Incor$orated 7 Area ) on its dail electric consu%$tion( There are ti%es that said lines +ere disru$ted , destructi!e natural cala%ities and other interru$tions due to fallin& trees and ex$losions of a&ed transfor%ers and +ires( On the other hand" !ie+in& in a +ider s$ectru%" the su$$l of electricit nation+ide is ,eco%e insufficient due to the increasin& %ar0et de%and that resulted to a hi&h cost( But the &o!ern%ent still acted to resol!e these $heno%ena +ith a ,etter solution( Aside fro% that our countr ener& %ostl co%es fro% fossil fuels" +hich $ollute the en!iron%ent in all $hases of our lifec cles" fro% resource reco!er to refine%ent $rocesses to our final consu%$tion as fuel( The co%,ustion of h drocar,ons necessaril releases car,on dioxide" the %ost $re!alent of the set of &reenhouse &ases that ha!e ,een deter%ined to contri,ute to &lo,al cli%ate chan&e( The use of coal" leadin& source of electric $o+er" is $articularl deleterious to the en!iron%ent8 in addition to contri,utin& to &reenhouse &as e%issions" coal has ,een i%$licated in the annual &lo,al release of tens of thousands of tons of radioacti!e isoto$es into the at%os$here( Al%ost all $o+er $lants consu%e lar&e a%ounts of fresh +ater fro% la0es and ri!ers to cool their heat9intensi!e &enerators or to $ush tur,ines functionin&" a resource cost that is often o!erloo0ed +hen considerin& the i%$acts of ener& $roduction( 4ith the stated a,o!e considerations" there is a need to co%e9u$ to a %ore sustaina,le source of ener& +hich is eco9friendl " not har%ful to lifec cle" less ex$ensi!e and et it can $ro!ide efficient electricit (

DI-CU--ION There are three (:) Courses of Actions (COA;s) +ere ,ein& considered" e!aluated and tested in ter%s of its suita,ilit " feasi,ilit and acce$ta,ilit (see annex)( Discussed +ith their ad!anta&es and disad!anta&es as follo+s< COA '< Installation of solar $anels(

The sun;s ener& is free8 so , the technolo& of solar $anels +e can &enerate $o+er to co%$le%ent the de%and of electricit in Co%,at Ar%s -chool" TRADOC" #A( On the o$erational as$ects" solar ener& has the $otential to $ro!ide a $otent alternati!e ener& source and decrease hu%anit ;s de$endence on traditional ener& sources( *o!in& a+a fro% the use of h drocar,on and other fuels reduces the e%issions of har%ful su,stances into all en!iron%ental %edia" +hile si%ultaneousl $ro!idin& a %ore sustaina,le source of ener& ( On the resources as$ects" the $ro,le%s associated +ith fossil fuels are of &ro+in& national concern +hen faced +ith the $ossi,ilities of &lo,al cli%ate chan&e and decreasin& su$$lies of fresh" un$olluted +ater( The de$letion of countr ;s a!aila,le de$osits of fossil fuels and other fuel %aterial is ine!ita,le if no !ia,le alternati!e source is found( B usin& the technolo& of solar $anels" I thin0 +e +ould ,e a,le to $ost$one" or e!en $re!ent" the exhaustion of our countr a!aila,le resources( 5o+e!er" on the le!el of unit fund a!aila,ilit +e ,elie!e it is $refera,le to $ro&ra% this $ro/ect , ca$ital outla ( *a ,e it +ill a little ,it costl at first ,ut , the ti%e &oes , it +ill $ro!ide a &eneral financial sa!in&s effects in our national ,ud&et as a +hole( Re%e%,er that 7th Infantr Di!ision" #hili$$ine Ar% is $a in& an a!era&e of '() *illion #esos +orth of %onthl ,ills for its $o+er consu%$tions( 4ith the ad!ent of this technolo& and its a$$lication" the 7 th Infantr Di!ision +ill lessen its ,urden on electric consu%$tions( -#6CI.ICATION(-olar #anel) *odule *axi%u% #o+ er at -TC (#%ax) *axi%u% #o+ er =olta&e (=%$) *axi%u% #o+ er Current (I%$) O$en9circuit =olta&e (=oc) -hort9circuit Current (Isc) Cell 6fficienc (@) *odule 6fficienc (@) O$eratin& Te%$erature (BC) *axi%u% - ste% =olta&e (=) *axi%u% Rated Current -eries (A) #o+er Tolerance ):3 4att -olar #anel ):34$ :3()= 7(>)A :>(?= 1(:'A '>(33@ 'A(32@ 9A3BCC?3BC DC '333=(TU=) D DC>33=(UE) ')A 9:C:@

Te%$erature Coefficients of #%ax Te%$erature Coefficients of =oc Te%$erature Coefficients of Isc NOTC (BC) *AT6RIAECell T $e *ono Cr stalline No( of Cells Di%ension 4ei&ht .ront Glass .ra%e Junction Box Out$ut Ca,les Connector 6nca$sulation *aterial Bac0 .oil .ixin& #rice

(93(A2F3(32) @DBC (3(32F3(3') @DBC (93(:2F3(3)) @DBC (A7F)) BC '2>G'2> >3 (>H'3) '>23x??>xA>%% '1(20& Te%$ered Glass AnodiIed Alu%inu% Allo I# >2 Rated (Blac0)" I6C TU= 'HA%%)" len&th< ?33%% *CA 6=A" 3(23F3(3:%% 4hite T#T" 3(:)F3(3:%% Adhesi!e -ilicone -ealant (4hite) #h$ A)"333(33

SOLAR PANEL ILLUSTRATIONS

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

BACK VIEW

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

IN-TAEEATION DIAGRA* K '

IN-TAEEATION DIAGRA* K )

: DI*6N-IONAE DIAGRA*

EOAD ANAEL-I(Durin& Conduct of Classes) EOAD DI-CRI#TIO N ADC s%all unit Refri&erator Tele!ision -et Co%$uter -et 4ater Dis$enser #lu& Eoads Ei&hts .an -tereo -et Radio Co%%o -et DC EOAD#O46R TOTAE MUANTITL RATING #O46R (4att) (4att) : >>3 '"?13 : )33 >33 ) '12 :73 1 '12 '"A13 1 A> >3 )) ' ' )33 '33 '2 23 A3 A3 AC EOADTotal AC #o+er< Total DC #o+er< Total Dail AC 6ner& Consu%$tion< Total Dail DC 6ner& Consu%$tion< 4ei&hted O$eratin& Ti%e< In!erter 6fficienc < A!era&e Dail DC 6ner& Consu%$tion< *AINT6NANC6 #ro$er %aintenance ensures that solar s ste% life is $reser!ed for as lon& as $ossi,le and the ori&inal conditions of the s ste% are sustained" +hile co%$ensatin& for nor%al +ear and tear( -olar s ste%s reNuire little %aintenance as co%$ared to other electric s ste%s such as diesel &enerators8 ho+e!er" the are not %aintenance free( This docu%ent $ro!ides instructions on $erfor%in& $re!entati!e %aintenance on %a/or co%$onents of a solar #= s ste%< '( Batter < T+o co%%on t $es of ,atteries used in solar installations( ')"7'3 3 2A"113 3 :(' 3(?2 27">)> +atts +att +hDda +hDda hDda +hDda '">33 A">33 ?33 '"'33 A3 A3 ')"7'3 O#6RATING TI*6 (5rsDDa ) > )A ) ) 1 ' > ' ' )A '1? 6N6RGL CON-U*#TION (45DDa ) ''"113 'A"A33 7A3 )"?>3 ')"133 A">33 2"A33 '"'33 A3 ?>3 2A"113

-ealed Gel Batter

Dee$ C cle .looded 9Eead Acid Batter Batteries should ,e re&ularl and carefull %aintained to extend their useful life( These acti!ities include< a( Ins$ectin& and cleanin& re&ularl ( ,( Chec0in& the electrol te le!el (not reNuired for Gel Batteries)( c( Kee$in& in a hi&h state of char&e( )( -olar #anels< The solar arra (a nu%,er of solar $anels connected to&ether) is often thou&ht to ,e %aintenance free( 5o+e!er" occasional %aintenance and ins$ection of the solar arra %ust ,e $erfor%ed to ensure the o$ti%al use of the solar $anels( This can ,e done , 0ee$in& the surface (&lass) area of the %odule clean fro% an excess dirt( a( To re%o!e a la er of dust and dirt fro% the %odules" si%$l +ash the $anel +ith +ater( If the %odule has thic0 dirt or &ri%e and ,ird dro$$in&s" +hich are harder to re%o!e" +ash +ith cold +ater and ru, the $anel surface +ith a s$on&e( ,( A !isual ins$ection of the %odules can then ,e done to chec0 for defects in the %odules such as crac0s" chi$s" de9la%ination" fo&&ed &laIin&" +ater lea0s and

discoloration( If an o,!ious defects are found" note their location in the s ste% lo&,oo0" so the can ,e %onitored in the future in case further deterioration affects the %odules; out$ut( c( The condition of the arra %ountin& fra%e should also ,e noted( Ite%s to o,ser!e should include the arra %ountin& ,olts (e(&( ,olt rustin&) and chec0s to ensure that the fra%e and %odules are fir%l secured( The /unction ,oxes should also ,e chec0ed to ensure that the +ires are not che+ed , rodents or insects( :( In!erterDChar&e Controller< This co%$onent can ,e %aintained , %ini%iIin& dust accu%ulation( A dr cloth should ,e used to +i$e a+a an accu%ulated dirtDdust( A !isual ins$ection should ,e done to ensure that all the indicators such as E6D li&hts are +or0in& and that the +ires leadin& to and fro% this de!ice are not loose( Note that the char&e controller should indicate that the s ste% is char&in& +hen the sun is u$( If not" contact the installer i%%ediatel ( A( 4irin& and connections< 4irin& installations should ,e chec0ed for an crac0s" ,rea0s or deterioration in the insulationDconduits( Ins$ect $anel ,oxes to ensure that the ha!e not ,eco%e a ho%e for rodents and insects( Also ins$ect connections for an corrosion andDor ,urnin&( -+itches should not s$ar0 +hen turned on or off( The follo+in& sections of conduit and +irin& should ,e chec0ed for an si&ns of da%a&e< O -olar $anels to the char&e controller O Char&e controller to the ,atter ,an0 O In!erterDchar&er to the ,atter ,an0 O Generator to In!erterDchar&er O In!erterDchar&er and Generator to the AC outlets O Batter ,an0 to the DC outletsDload( COA )< #rocure $o+er &enerator set( Usin& of electric &enerator +ill hel$ also to lessen electricit consu%$tion fro% $o+er &rid distri,utors( It is an alternati!e +a of &eneratin& $o+er throu&h the use of fuels( On the o$erational as$ects" On the resources as$ects" : DI*6N-IONAE DIAGRA*

*AINT6NANC6 a( =I-UAE< The surroundin& area should also ,e 0e$t free of de,ris and $ro!ide sufficient !entilation durin& ,( IN-#6CTION< o$eration( 4hen the &enerator is not runnin&" conduct +ee0l ins$ections of the surroundin& area to ensure fluids" such as oil and coolant" are not lea0in&( Ins$ect the exhaust s ste%" includin& the %anifold" %uffler" and exhaust $i$e( All connectin& &as0ets" /oints" and +elds should ,e thorou&hl chec0ed for $otential lea0s( Clean the startin& and electrical s ste% ter%inals( Connections should ,e ti&ht and free fro% corrosion( An ad!erse conditions should ,e corrected $ro%$tl , a Nualified technician( c( COOEING -L-T6*< #eriodicall chec0 the coolant le!el( The coolin& fluid %ix is a ,alanced solution and !aries fro% %anufacturer to %anufacturer( Don;t %ix our o+n( *a0e sure the solution ou use is a$$ro!ed for use in our en&ine( Clean the radiator to re%o!e an dust andDor de,ris" ta0in& care not to da%a&e the fins( Chec0 that the coolant heater is o$eratin& correctl , %onitorin& the dischar&e te%$erature( d( .U6E -L-T6*< Chec0 the fuel deli!er s ste% $eriodicall for lea0s and correct $ressure durin& exercise( Chec0 fittin&s and connections8 ti&hten the% as needed( Drain and clean fuel filters %onthl ( 6xa%ine char&e9air $i$in&" and su$$l hoses for lea0s" holes" and da%a&ed seals( The fuel s ste% and char&e9air cooler should also ,e free of dirt and de,ris( Also chec0 the fuel deli!er s ste% for lea0s and the correct $ressure( .uel %aintenance is another i%$ortant as$ect of &enerator %aintenance( Gasoline and diesel fuel de&rade o!er ti%e" se$aratin& and e!en &ro+in& %icro9,iolo&ical or&anis%s( The fuel tan0 should ,e eNui$$ed +ith a $lu& or !al!e +hich allo+s the +ater to ,e drained fro% the tan0 $eriodicall ( A fuel sa%$le" ta0en fro% the ,otto% and fro% the su$$l line" should ,e !isuall exa%ined %onthl ( The fuel should loo0 li0e ne+ fuel8 other+ise it should ,e filtered or re$laced(

.uel tan0s should ,e siIed so that the fuel is turned o!er on a re&ular ,asis( As a rule of thu%, diesel fuel should ,e turned o!er or re$laced on an annual ,asis( A $ro$er fuel %aintenance $ro&ra% is i%$ortant( #lease see 5-B;s Reco%%ended #ractice for a Diesel .uel *aintenance #ro&ra% for %ore infor%ation( e( BATT6RI6-< Batteries should ,e chec0ed to %a0e sure the are full char&ed( The ,atteries %ust ,e tested f( 4IRING< -i%$l chec0in& the !olta&e is an inaccurate %ethod of testin& $o+er" as ,atteries chan&e internall o!er ti%e( The should ,e 0e$t clean and free of corrosion( 4here a$$ro$riate" chec0 the s$ecific &ra!it and electrol te le!els( All en&ine +irin& should ha!e ti&ht connections and ,e free of corrosion or da%a&e( Chec0 +ith our &enerator %anufacturer for their reco%%ended ,atter and +irin& $ractices" cleanin& a&ents and solutions( &( G6N6RATOR< 6xercise our en&ine9&enerator under a load %onthl ( Ei0e hu%ans" re&ular exercise 0ee$s &enerators fit and in $ri%e condition( Durin& d na%ic testin& en&ine $arts ,eco%e lu,ricated" oxidation is $re!ented" old fuel is consu%ed" and o!erall functionalit is ensured( O$erate the &enerator %onthl at a load of at least :3@ of the na%e$late ratin& for no shorter than :3 %inutes( The &enerator should ,e o$erated for a %ini%u% of ' hour at '33@ of the na%e$late ca$acit at least annuall ( 4hen testin& a stationar unit" testin& should ,e done throu&h the AT- to ensure the entire s ste% +or0s $ro$erl ( If it is not $ossi,le or $ractical to use a site load for the test a load ,an0 should ,e used( -o%eti%es $ro,le%s onl ,eco%e noticea,le durin& o$eration( Therefore it is i%$ortant o$erators re%ain attenti!e for unusual circu%stances" e(&( a,nor%al si&hts" sounds" !i,ration" excessi!e s%o0e or chan&es in fuel consu%$tion( Re%e%,er to chec0 for lea0s" loose connections or co%$onents" and a,nor%al o$eratin& conditions( Correct these as necessar ( COA :< -trict i%$le%entation of ener& conser!ation(

-trict i%$le%entation of ener& conser!ation is one +a of controllin& ener& consu%$tion( This in!ol!es ti%e %ana&e%ent and routine conduct of ins$ection to farcicalities +ithin the ca%$ $eri$her of 7th Infantr Di!ision" #hili$$ine Ar% ( This includes $ost and tenants unit facilities( One of a%on& tenants unit is Co%,at Ar%s -chool" TRADOC" #A( On o$erational as$ects" (see $olic and &uidelines enclosed)( The i%$le%entation of this is considered !er crucial and et li%its office dail out$ut( But it +ill !alue electricit in a &i!en $eriod of ti%e( On the recourses as$ects" -C56DUEING UNIT DAL TI*6

TABUEAT6D DATA

(Co%$arati!e Anal sis of COA;s accordin& to Ad!anta&es and Disad!anta&es) AD=ANTAG6COA ' O$erational As$ects 6colo&ical .riendl ( #reser!in& Eifec cle( Eo+ cost electricit in the lon& run( Can &enerate sufficient electricit ( .ixed and not eas ,e destructed , stron& +inds and stor%s( Eesser $ossi,ilit for ex$losions and cause for ,urns( Can ,e controlled and eas to install( 6ner& is free fro% the sun( COA ) COA :

Resources As$ects ( %one and %an$o+er) At first is Nuiet costl ,ut later it $ro!ide lo+ cost of electricit ( Use ca$ital outla DI-AD=ANTAG6COA ' O$erational As$ects

COA )

COA :

Resources As$ects ( %one and %an$o+er)

R6CA#ITUEATION ACCORDING TO Ad!anta&es Disad!anta&es R6CO**6NDATION Based on the discussion" +e therefore reco%%end that COA ' is the ,est COA ha!in& a lastin& effect of &eneratin& electricit for Co%,at Ar%s -chool" TRADOC" #A( 4ith this" said school +ill ,e no lon&er de$endent to the $o+er &rid COA ' COA ) COA :

$aid +ith hi&h cost , 7th Infantr Di!ision" #hili$$ine Ar% ( In the sa%e +a " this si%$le and little +a the school hel$s in reducin& hi&h de%and of electricit nation+ide and $ro%ote ecolo&ical and life $reser!ation(