This document discusses various types of eczema (dermatitis), including the signs, causes, diagnosis and treatment. It covers topics such as:
- Acute, subacute and chronic eczema and their characteristics.
- Endogenous causes like atopic dermatitis and exogenous causes such as irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.
- Diagnosis involves clinical examination, ruling out infections and potentially patch testing.
- Treatment depends on the type but may include removing the irritant, wet dressings, topical corticosteroids and occasionally systemic corticosteroids.
- Specific types like nummular eczema, which presents as coin-shaped patches,
This document discusses various types of eczema (dermatitis), including the signs, causes, diagnosis and treatment. It covers topics such as:
- Acute, subacute and chronic eczema and their characteristics.
- Endogenous causes like atopic dermatitis and exogenous causes such as irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.
- Diagnosis involves clinical examination, ruling out infections and potentially patch testing.
- Treatment depends on the type but may include removing the irritant, wet dressings, topical corticosteroids and occasionally systemic corticosteroids.
- Specific types like nummular eczema, which presents as coin-shaped patches,
This document discusses various types of eczema (dermatitis), including the signs, causes, diagnosis and treatment. It covers topics such as:
- Acute, subacute and chronic eczema and their characteristics.
- Endogenous causes like atopic dermatitis and exogenous causes such as irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.
- Diagnosis involves clinical examination, ruling out infections and potentially patch testing.
- Treatment depends on the type but may include removing the irritant, wet dressings, topical corticosteroids and occasionally systemic corticosteroids.
- Specific types like nummular eczema, which presents as coin-shaped patches,
DEPARTEMEN ILMU KESEHATAN KULIT DAN KELAMIN FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN MEDAN 2011 ECZEMA DIAGNOSIS OF ECZEMA History Character of the lesion Area Pathology Skin testing CHARACTERS OF THE LESIONS Erythema Edema Vesicle Papule Serum oozing Scale Fissure Lichenification CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION Acute eczema Subacute eczema Chronic eczema ACUTE SUBACUTE CHRONIC CHRONIC CAUSES OF ECZEMA Endogenous cause Exogenous cause
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Develop 24-96h post exposure Pruritus Acute present as vesicles with clear fluid on erythematous edematous skin. Sub-acute is edema and papules Chronic Cell mediated reaction involving sensitized T lymphocytes. Etiology Irritant form: Chemical insult to skin. No previous sensitizing event. Allergic form is delayed-hypersensitivity reaction. Skin sensitized from initial exposure. During next exposure patient has reaction.
DIAGNOSIS/DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis: Clinical Rule out secondary infection. Patch testing Differential diagnosis to include seborrheic dermatitis, atopic eczema
TREATMENT Remove etiologic agent Wet dressings with gauze soaked in Burows solution changed every 2-3 hours. Topical corticosteroids Systemic corticosteroids
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS Dermatitis iritan merupakan 80% dari seluruh dermatitis kontak Penyebabnya adlah bahan iritan yang menempel di kulit dan memberikan reaksi non alergik Untuk timbulnya penyakit ini tidak perlu sebelumnya pernah kontak dengan bahan yang sama ; sekalipun baru pertama kontak, dapat juga timbul dermatitis
Klasifikasi Bahan Iritan Iritan Kuat Dapat menyebabkan dermatitis iritan akut yang timbul segera, misalnya asam keras, basa kuat Iritan Lemah Memerlukan waktu yang lama dan kontak berulang untuk dapat menimbulkan dermatitis iritan kronis, misalnya sabun, detergen, larutan antiseptik Dermatitis iritan akut disebabkan oleh iritan kuat; misalnya asam keras, basa kuat atau getah tanaman atau buah tertentu. Semua orang atau hampir semua orang yang terkena bahan ini akan mengalami keadaan yang sama.
Dermatitis iritan kronis disebabkan oleh iritan lemah, misalnya sabun, detergen, cairan pembersih, desinfektan, dll Dermatitis iritan kronis memerlukan kontak berulang dan waktu yang lama. Faktor kelembaban tinggi, suhu udara panas, tekanan atau gesekan dan oklusi membantu mempercepat timbulnya kelainan kulit
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITS D.K.A. dapat terjadi karena kulit terpajan dengan bahan yang bersifat sensitizer (alergen).
Berlainan dengan dermatitis iritan, D.K.A hanya teratas pada orang yang kelewat peka, sehingga jumlahnya lembih sedikit, yaitu sekitar 20% dari seluruh penderita dermatitis kontak ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS ALERGEN Alergen lingkungan : hapten
Bahan kimia sederhana rantai protein Ag lengkap sensitisisasi Hapten : Molekul elektrofilik kecil (< 50 d) Mengikat diri pada protein pembawa dg ikatan kovalen (Tabel I)
2800 alergen lingkungan sudah diketahui tidak semua subtansi elektrofilik pengikat protein hapten
HLA-DR atau Ag kelas II pd permukaan SL penyaji Ag tempat pengikat (pembawa) alergen kontak
PATOGENESIS 6/18/2014 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 29 MANIFESTASI KLINIS
Gab. Klinis DKA
DKA akut : makula & papul eritem, vesikel atau bula tergantung intensitas reaksi alergi (Gambar 1)
DKA kronis : dermatitis likenifikasi, berskuama, berfisura, dgn/tanpa disertai papulovesikular (Gambar 2 A & B) lokasi durasi ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS 6/18/2014 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 33 PENGOBATAN Erupsi akut: Aluminium sulfat-kalsium asetat topikal Erupsi kronis: Emolien Pruritus: anti pruritus topikal atau anti histamin oral
Sebagian besar pasien : glukokortikoid topikal Individu dg keterlibatan > 25 % luas permukaan tubuh atau yg terpapar pd alergen tertentu (spt: Toxicondendron oleoresin) : glukokortikoid sistemik Individu dg DKA pekerjaan : fototerapi UVB atau PUVA
Milenium: Kelas imunosupresan baru (FK 506 topikal, askomisin), inhibitor aktivitas metabolik seluler, inhibitor molekul perekat sel, penggunaan sitokin pd kulit netralisasi sitokin proinflamasi dg antisense oligonukleotida, Ab antisitokin atau reseptor sitokin yg dpt larut 6/18/2014 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 34 PENCEGAHAN
Penghindaran alergen tidak selalu memungkinkan Cream penghalang (terutama untuk poison ivy dan poison oak) Ginkgo biloba dalam formulasi sodium karboxi-metil-- 1,3-glukan bahan pelindung thd DKA yg dipicu nikel, bahan pewangi, balsem Peru dan MCI/MI NUMMULAR ECZEMA NUMMULAR ECZEMA Common in male Age 55-65 yrs. Of both sexes or 18-25 yrs in female. Rare in children, esp. under 1 yr NUMMULAR ECZEMA CLINICAL FEATURES Round coin like sharply demarcated erythematous papulovesicular patches/ plaques Intense pruritus, Lichenification ETIOLOGY Unknown May associated with atopy, allergic sensitivity to infections or irritant (nickle, chromium), dry skin, fall and winter. Diagnosis History and physical exam Rule out secondary infection, allergy Differential diagnosis to include seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, tinea DIAGNOSIS/DIFFERENTIALS TREATMENTS Emollients/lubricants, avoid drying of skin Avoid scratching Moderately potent topical steroids Phototherapy Tacrolimus Intralesional triamcinolone Antihistamine oral Systemic steroids in refractory case LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS ETIOLOGY Chronic repetitive rubbing, scratching skin. End stage of pruritic and eczematous disorders. Skin responds to physical trauma by epidermal hyperplasia.
LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS CLINICAL FEATURES Well circumscribed plaques with lichenified or thickened skin Pruritus (-) Hyperpigmentation Excoriation TREATMENTS Avoid scratching, rubbing Highly potent topical steroid Keratolytics Intralesional steroid injection Capsaisin, PUVA, UVB Antihistamine Medical conditions 6/18/2014 Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 47