1. What is BRITTLE FRACTURE?

A. The sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual) where the material exhibits little
or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation
B. The sudden rapid fracture under stress (applied) where the material exhibits little
or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation
C. The sudden rapid fracture under strain (residual) where the material exhibits little
or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation
D. The sudden rapid fracture under strain (applied) where the material exhibits little
or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation
E. A and B
F. C and D

2. Brittle fracture occurs mostly only at temperature ________
A. Below the charpy impact temperature temperature
B. Ductile to brittle transition temperature
C. The point at which the toughness of the material drops off sharply
D. All of the above

3. The shape of the Brittle failure cracks will typically be _______
A. Straight
B. Non-branching
C. Largely devoid
D. No shear lip or localized around the neck
E. All of the above
F. A and B

4. What will be the microscopic structure of the cracked surface?
A. Largely of Cleveage
B. Limited intergranular cracking
C. Very little microvoid coalescence
D. All of the above

5. What are the preventions or mitigation to avoid the brittle fracture?
A. Materials for low temperature operation including Upset and Auto-refrigeration
events
B. Materials with controlled chemical composition, special heat treatment and
impact tested
C. Refer UCS 66 in ASME BPV Sec VIII
D. All of the above

6. What is the THERMAL FATIGUE?
A. The result of cyclic stresses caused by variations in temperature
B. May occur in areas where relative movement or differential expansion is
constrained
C. Usually initiate on the surface of the component
D. Generally wide and often filled with oxides
E. May occurs single or multiple
F. In steam generating equipment, cracks usually follow the toe of the fillet weld as
change of thickness
G. All of the above

7. Externals SWUT inspection can be used for non-intrusive inspection for internal
cracking and where reinforcing pads prevent nozzle examination
A. True
B. False

8. Erosion is the removal of surface material by mechanical accelerated
A. True
B. False

9. What is Erosion-corrosion?
A. Corrosion contributes to erosion
B. Erosion by removing protective films or scales or by exposing the metal
surface
C. Both

10. What are the forms of Erosion, Erosion-corrosion?
A. Pits
B. Grooves
C. Gullies
D. Waves
E. Rounded holes
F. Valleys
G. All of the above

11. What is the prevention/Mitigation check for naphthenic acid corrosion?
A. Higher Molybdenum containing alloys
B. Lower Molybdenum containing alloys
C. Medium Molybdenum containing alloys

12. What is MECHANICAL FATIQUE?
A. Mechanical form of Degradation
B. Excess cyclic stress from loading, thermal and below yield point
C. Excess cyclic stress for an extended period
D. Sudden unexpected failure
E. These cracks are initiated on the surface notches
F. All of the above

13. Below the stress endurance limit of Titanium, carbon steel and alloy steel, fatigue
cracking will not occur, regardless of the number of cycles.
A. True
B. False

14. BEACH MARKS emanating from the crack initiation site
A. True
B. False

15. The signature mark of a fatigue failure is a calm shell type fingerprint that has
concentric rings called Beach Marks
A. True
B. False

16. Vibration-Induced Fatigue is the result of dynamic loading due to vibration, water
hammer, or unstable fluid flow
A. True
B. False

17. Marine environments and moist polluted industrial environments with airborne
contaminants are most severe to ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION
A. True
B. False

18. Corrosion Under Insulation ___________
A. Resulting from water trapped
B. Rates increases with metal temperature increases
C. CS and L.A.S subject to PIT and thickness loss
D. 300 series SS, 400 series SS and duplex subject to PIT and corrosion
E. 300 series SS also subject to SCC if chlorides present
F. Duplex are less susceptible to SCC
G. All of the above

19. BOILER WATER CONDENSATION is the result of dissolved gases, oxygen
and carbon dioxide
A. True
B. False

20. FUEL GAS DEW-POINT CORROSION is the result of sulphur and chlorine
species in fuel will form sulphur dioxide & trioxide and hydrogen chloride
A. True
B. False

21. The dew-point of sulphuric acid depends on the concentration of sulphur trioxide
in the fuel gas but it is typically about 280F
A. True
B. False

22. The dew-point of hydrochloric acid depends on the concentration of hydrogen
chloride in the fuel gas but it is typically about 130F
A. True
B. False

23. MICROBIOLOGICALLY INDUCED CORROSION is a form of corrosion
caused by living organisms such bacteria, algae or fungi
A. True
B. False

24. What are the factors determine the severity of SOIL RESISTIVITY?
A. Operating temperature
B. Moisture
C. Oxygen availability
D. Soil resistivity
E. Soil type (water drainage)
F. CP
G. Stray current drainage
H. Coating type
I. Age
J. All of the above

25. SULFIDATION is the corrosion of CS and other Alloys
A. Resulting from their reaction with SULFUR compounds in high
temperature above 500F
B. Accelerated by the presence of hydrogen
C. Both

26. What are the preferred methods of NDE to detect the Chloride S.C.C?
A. PT
B. Phase analysis EC
C. Both

27. CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (CAUSTIC
EMBRITTLEMENT) is the form of Stress corrosion cracking and
A. Characterised by surface-initiated cracks
B. Primarily adjacent to NON-PWHT welds
C. Susceptible to NAOH and KOH
D. Sufficient concentrations of 50ppm to 100ppm to cause cracking
E. All of the above

28. What are the cleaning methods for surface preparation to detect CSCC?
A. Grit blasting
B. High pressure water blasting
C. Other methods
D. All of the above

29. What are the preferred NDE methods to detect CSCC?
A. WFMT
B. EC
C. RT
D. ACFM
E. All of the above

30. PT is not effective for finding tight, scale-filled cracks and should not be used for
detection of CSCC
A. True
B. False

31. Cracks depth can be measured with a suitable UT technique including external
SWUT
A. True
B. False

32. AET can be used for monitoring crack growth and locating growing cracks
A. True
B. False

33. HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN ATTACK results from exposure to
hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressure
A. True
B. False

33. What are the units affected by HTHA?
A. Hydro processing units
B. Hydrogen producing units
C. Hydrogen cleanup units
D. Boiler Tubes in very high pressure service
E. All of the above

34. In the early stages of HTHA, bubbles/Cavities can be detected in samples by a
scanning microscope
A. True
B. False

35. What are the preventive checks to minimize HTHA?
A. Use of Alloy steels with Cr and Mo to increase carbide stability to
minimize methane formation
B. Tungsten and vanadium also carbide stabilizing elements
C. Use the normal design 25F to 50F
D. All of the above

36. Which is the most successful method in finding HTHA?
A. UT
B. RT
C. WFMT
D. PT
E. AET
F. All of the above

37. Which is not a proven method for the detection of damage?
A. UT
B. RT
C. WFMT
D. PT
E. AET
F. All of the above