API 571 Exam E (December 2014 Memories … 70 Q&A)

1. Which of these may indicate a spheroidized microstructure?

A) A reduction in tensile strength & hardness
B) A reduction in low creep ductility
C) A reduction in fracture toughness
D) An increase in creep resistance
Answer: A … API 571 … Para. 4.2.2.7 … Spheroidization … DM # 34 Insp & Monitor
2. Temper embrittlement is reduction of toughness due to metallurgical change that can
occur in some low alloy steels as a result of long term exposure in this temperature range:
A) About 600°F to 1000°F (316 to 540°C) B) About 650°F to 1070°F (343 to 577°C)
C) About 800°F to 1100°F (427 to 593°C) D) About 850°F to 1400°F (440 to 760°C)

Answer = B … See Para 4.2.3.1 (Description of Dam)  Temper Embrittlement Range …

NOTE: A = 885°F Embrittlement, C = Graphitization, D = Spheroidization

3. 885°F (475°C) Embrittlement can occur in this temperature range:

A) 450 – 1000°F (232 – 538°C) B) 600 – 1000°F (315 – 538°C)

C) 700 – 1000°F (370 – 538°C) D) 800 – 1000°F (427 – 538°C)

Answer = B … 571, Par 4.2.5.1  Description of Damage … 885°F (475°C) Embrittlement

4a. Which alloys are especially susceptible to sigma formation due to a high ferrite content?
A) 300 series SS wrought metals B) Cast 300 Series SS including HK & HP alloys
C) 400 series SS D) Duplex stainless steels

Answer: B … Ref: 4.2.6.2.a … Sigma Phase  Affected Materials

4b. Cast 300 Series SS including the HK and HP alloys are especially susceptible to sigma
formation because of:

A) High Ferrite Content (10% - 40%) B) Low Ferrite Content (Up to 10%)
C) Excessive operating temperatures D) None of these are correct

Answer: A … Ref: 4.2.6.2.a … Sigma Phase  Affected Materials

5. Select the item below that is a critical factor for brittle fracture:

A) Material fracture toughness as measured in a Charpy impact test

B) Material tensile strength as measured in a tensile test
C) Material elasticity as measured in a guided bend test
D) Material hardness as measured by Brinnell method

Answer: A … API 571 … Para. 4.2.7.3 … Brittle Fracture … Critical Factors

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 API 571 Exam E (December 2014 Memories … 70 Q&A)

6a. Lower temperature threshold for creep damage for CS (greater than 60 ksi) is:

A) 650°F (343°C) B) 700°F (371°C) C) 750°F (399°C) D) 800°F (427°C)

Answer: B … Ref: 4.2.8.3.b & Table 4-3 … Crit Factors (Creep)  Threshold Tables

6b. Lower temperature threshold for creep damage for CS (less than or equal to 60 ksi) is:

A) 650°F (343°C) B) 700°F (371°C) C) 750°F (399°C) D) 800°F (427°C)

Answer: A … Ref: 4.2.8.3.b & Table 4-3 … Crit Factors (Creep)  Threshold Tables

7. Once a steam blanket forms, tube rupture can occur rapidly as a result of :

A) DNB B) Short term overheating

C) High temp oxidation D) Creep

Answer = B … See Para. 4.2.11.1 … Steam Blanketing  Description of Damage

8. Which statement is TRUE regarding DMW cracking when austenitic to ferritic welds
operate at high temperatures?
A) It occurs on austenitic side of weld in the base metal outside of the HAZ
B) It occurs on ferritic side of weld in the base metal outside of the HAZ
C) It occurs on austenitic side of weld along the weld toe at the HAZ
D) It occurs on ferritic side of weld along the weld toe at the HAZ
Answer: D … Ref: 4.2.12.1 & 4.2.12.3.b & 4.2.12.5.a & Figures 4-19, 4-21, and 4-22
Repeated: Description of Damage, Critical Factors & Appearance & Morph of Dam

9. Which of these define the appearance and morphology of Thermal Shock?

A) Cracks propagate transverse to stress & are usually dagger-shaped/Transgranular/oxide filled
B) Surface initiating cracks, wide & often filled with oxides due to elevated temp exposure
C) Cracking may be axial or circumferential, or both, at the same location
D) Surface initiating cracks that may also appear as craze cracks

Ans: D … Ref: 4.2.13.5  Thermal Shock (Appearance & Morph) A/B/C = Thermal Fatigue

10. Metal loss that is the result of impact or abrasion (often removing protective films and
scales) with contributing corrosion is called:

A) Pitting B) Erosion
C) Corrosion D) Erosion/Corrosion

Answer = D … See Para 4.2.14.1.a  Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion … Description of Damage

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 API 571 Exam E (December 2014 Memories … 70 Q&A)
11. Erosion and Erosion-Corrosion are characterized by:

A) A localized loss in thickness due primarily to grooving

B) General uniform wall loss or localized loss in the form of pitting or grooving
C) A localized loss in thickness as pits, grooves, gullies, waves, rounded holes and valleys
D) General uniform wall loss or localized loss as pits, grooves, gullies, waves, and rounded holes

Answer: C … API 571, Para. 4.2.14.5.a  Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion … Appearance

12. Cavitation is most commonly found in piping at areas:

A) Immediately downstream of orifice plates or control valves

B) Immediately downstream of pump discharge locations
C) Just upstream of orifice plates or control valves
D) Immediately upstream of pump discharge locations

Answer = A … See Para. 4.2.15.4 (Affected Units or Equipment)

13. The best defense against fatigue cracking is:

A) Use of the proper Materials in construction (strength, ductility)

B) Following careful operational practices to minimize stresses
C) Timely inspections
D) Good design

Answer: B … API 571, Para. 4.2.16.6.a – Mechanical Fatigue  Prev & Critical Factors

14. Which Inspection & Monitoring method is best to identify refractory damage?

A) Conduct visual inspection during operations through peep doors

B) Survey the hot face of refractory Onstream through peep doors using IR to identify hot spots
C) Survey cold-wall equipment Onstream using IRT to monitor hot spots to help identify damage
D) None of these are correct

Answer: C … API 571, Para. 4.2.18.7.a/b – Refractory Degradation  IR Thermography

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Sno Sec No Description
1 4.2.2.1 Spheroidization may cause loss in strength
2 4.2.3.1 In the range of about 650F to 1070F
3 4.2.5.1 In the Temp range of 600 F to 1000F
4 4.2.6.2 Affected material -A, 300SS B, 400SS – I selected answer B . But as per API 571 ,
answer is B .
5 4.2.7.3(A) (1) Brittle Fracture is related to toughness
6 4.2.8.3(b) Table -3 carbon steel – Creep threshold temperature -700F
7 4.2.11.1 Once a steam blanket forms, tube rupture can occur rapidly as a result of short term
overheating
8 4.2.12.1 Cracking of dissimilar material welding occur on ferritic side
9 4.2.13.5 Thermal shock – Surface cracks
10 4.2.14.1(b) Corrosion contributes to erosion by removing protective films or scales
11 4.2.14.5(a) Appearance – Erosion and erosion- corrosion – pits and grooves
12 4.2.15.4(a) Affected Units – Downstream of orifices or control valves .
13 4.2.16.6(a) The best defense against fatigue cracking is good design.
14 4.2.18.7(b) Identify refractory damage By infrared (IR)
15 4.3.2.4(c) Higher or lower operating temperature
16 4.3.3.6(a) Prevention is best achieved by using appropriate paints/coatings
17 4.3.3.7(7)(iv) Neutron backscattering technique for wet insulation.
18 4.3.4.3(g) Low velocities can promote increased corrosion.
19 4.3.4.5(f) Corrosion at ERW weld areas appears as grooving
20 4.3.5.3(b) Concentration dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide )
21 4.3.5.5(b) Smooth grooving of pipe wall
22 4.3.7.3(c) Dew point Temperature sulfuric acid -280F
23 4.3.8.2 Most common material of construction
24 4.3.9.6 Most effective protection is combination of corrosion resistance coating and a cathodic
protection
25 4.3.10.6(c) Serious corrosion above 150F
26 4.4.1.3(c) 300 SS resistance to Oxidation up to about 1500F
27 4.4.2.3(c) & also Sulfidation of iron based alloys above 500F
5.1.1.5.1 (DM 4)
28 4.4.2.7(c) External UT and profile RT
29 4.4.3.8 Related mechanisms Carburization and metal dusting
30 4.4.6.4(c) Tube hangers and supports
31 4.5.1.2(c) Nickel based alloys . Which alloys are resistance to CL SCC
32 4.5.1.3(j) 45% are nearly immune
33 4.5.1.7(b) PT not WFMPI
34 4.5.2.6(b) Corrosion fatigue in Deaerator
35 4.5.3.3(e) PWHT is effective in preventing Caustic SCC
36 4.5.3.6(c) Nickel based alloy are more resistant to Caustic SCC
37 4.5.3.6(d) Steam out non-PWHT carbon steel piping and equipments should be avoided .
38 4.5.4.6(b) Ammonia SCC of steel can be prevented thorough the addition of small quantities of
water
39 4.5.5.6(a) Galvanized steel components should not be welded to 300 series SS
40 4.5.6.3(b)(1) If wet electrodes are used ,hydrogen will be charged into steel
41 4.5.6.3(1) HE effect is pronounced at temperatures from ambient to 300F
42 4.5.6.3(f) The amount of hydrogen needed to have measurable effect on the mechanical
properties varies with the strength level , microstructure and heat treatment for the
alloy
43 5.1.1.1.1(a) Corrosion is not caused by amine itself but depend on dissolved gases (CO2 and 02)
44 5.1.1.1..2 Primarily carbon steel
45 5.1.1.3.6(b)(3) Continuous or intermittent water wash may be required in the reactor effluent to

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 flush out the salt deposits
46 5.1.1.4.7(g) Strategically placed corrosion probes or corrosion coupons can provide additional
information on the rate and extent of damage.
47 5.1.1.5.2(f) Increasing chromium content of the alloy improve the resistance .
48 5.1.1.6.3(e) 97% to 99%
49 5.1.1.6.4(c)(1) High corrosion rates above 150C
50 5.1.1.6.6(d) Alloy 400 above 150C
51 5.1.1.7.3(m) Corrosion is most severe in TWO PHASE

52 5.1.1.7.6(c) Use alloys with higher molybdenum content for resistance

53 5.1.1.10.5(a) Corrosion from acidic sour water is generally thinning
54 5.1.1.11.3(c) 2 to 3 fps
55 5.1.1.11.3(c) Below 65%
56 5.1.2.1.7(b) May not occur until well into turnaround (shutdown)
57 5.1.2.3.3(b)(1) Minimal at PH 7
58 5.1.2.2.8 Caustic SCC and carbonate SCC are two form of ASCC
59 5.1.3.1.3(d) API RP 941
60 5.1.3.1.6(a) Use alloy with Chromium
61 5.1.3.1.6(e) Make sure that base material is adequate resistace to HTHA before cladding with 300
series SS
62 5.1.3.2.6(a) Titanium should not be used in known hydriding services such as amine and sour water
63 4.4.2.1 The presence of hydrogen accelerates corrosion
64 4.2.13.1 Differential expansion leads to thermal shock
65
66
67

Sno

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