Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Downlinks
Mission data Relay
• Crosslinks satellite
Intersatellite
links
• Relays
TT&C Uplink Downlink
• TT & C Launch
phase TT&C
Sensor
satellite
TT&C Tracking, Telemetry
and Control
Satellite
Ground station
• Commanding
– Low data rate
– Store, verify, execute or execute on time
– Programmable control
Sw Vn
DR ( pushbroom )
b
X Y
Bits Pixels Samples / Second
DR (imager )
pixel sample duty _ cycle
Adapted from SMAD.
Variable Definitions
Chart 9
Gt Transmitter db
antenna gain
Ls Space loss DB
Variable Definitions
Chart 12 continued
PLlGt La (EIRP) La
Wf 2 2
4SS 4SS
O 2
Space Loss Ls ( )
4S S
C EIRP * Ls * La * Gr
Variable Definitions
Chart 18
No = k Ts N/B
Eb P u Ll u Gt u La u Gr u Ls
No k Ts R
Link Equation in dB
Eb
P Ll Gt Ls La Gr 228 .6 10 log Ts 10 log R
No
EIRP Ls La Gr 228 .6 10 log Ts 10 log R
C Gr
EIRP Ls La 228.6
No Ts
C Gr
EIRP Ls La 228.6 10log B
N Ts
Eb Gr
RIP 228.6 10log R (Received isentropic
No Ts power)
Gain in dB
S 2 Dr 2K c
Gr f
O2 O
27,000
G 2
Antenna gain
T
LT
12(e / T )2 (dB) Offset beam loss
Space loss in dB
§ O ·2
Ls ¨ ¸ (ratio)
©4S S ¹
300 3 30
MHz GHz GHz
VHF UHF L S C X Ku K Ka V
75GHz
Government
Government/ /Military
MilitarySATCOM
SATCOMServices
Services
LOCATIONS OF CURRENT & PROPOSED GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES
WITH 17.3-GHzNORTHERN
THRUHEMISPHERE
20.2-GHz DOWNLINKS
DEGREES DEGREES
0
10 10
EAST 0 WEST
20 20
LONGITUDE LONGITUDE
10
30 30
20
40 40
30
50 50
40
60 60
50
60
70 70
70
80 80
80
90 90
80
100 100
70
60
110 110
50
120 120
40
130 130
30
20
140 140
150 10 150
LEGEND
160 160
= ACTS (PROPOSED) 0
170 170
= AFRISAT (PROPOSED) 180
FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATE
-X WING CROSSLINK SOLAR ARRAY PANELS
ANTENNA
CROSSLINK
MDR DUCA
ANTENNAS PROPELLANT
THRUSTERS
TANKS
- Z
- X -X WING PAYLOAD
(MDR*, CROSSLINK)
UPLINK:
5 AGILES, 2 NARROW SPOTS,
1 WIDE SPOT, 1 EARTH COVERAGE
(Image removed due to copyright considerations.)
DOWNLINK:
SINGLE DOWNLINK TIME-SHARED BY:
1 AGILE, 2 NARROW SPOTS,
1 WIDE SPOT, 1 EARTH COVERAGE
UPLINK:
2 NULLING SPOTS
(Image removed due to copyright considerations.) 6 DISTRIBUTED USER COVERAGE
(DUCs)
DOWNLINK:
SINGLE DOWNLINK TIME-SHARED BY:
2 SPOTS AND 6 DUCs
Multiple Access Strategies
• FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple
Access
• TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
• CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
– Phase Modulation plus pseudo-random noise
Antijam Techniques
• Spread Spectrum
• Narrow beamwidths
• On board processing
• Nulling antennas
Special Topics
• Data security through encryption
• Spatial, time and satellite diversity
• Frequency hopping
• Interleaving
Why Compress Data
• Need to send more data than bandwidth
accommodates
– Digital image files in particular are very large
• Bandwidth is limited by the link equation
and international regulation
• Concept inseparable from data encoding
Early Development -- Huffman
codes