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Contents Page
Appreciation 1
Skin 6,7
Tongue 8,9
Nose 10.11
Ears 12,13
Eyes 14,15
I want to say thank you to my parents for
supporting me on financial and moral.
Because of that, I can finish my folio very
well. Lastly, I want to say thank you to my
friends that always help me and also share
some information. Not forgotten for all
parties that involved. Thank you very much.
2. The brain then sends out instructions to the relevant parts of the body
for action to be taken.
3. The information and instructions are sent out in the form of nervous
impulses along nerves.
4. The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord and the
nerves.
5. The brain and the spinal cord form the central nervous system.
6. The nerves which send nervous impulses from the sensory organs or
receptors to the brain are called the sensory nerves.
7. The nerves which carry nervous system from the central nervous
system to the muscle or glands for carrying out the responses are
called the motor nerves.
3
Nervous system
Nervous
System
Central nervous
system Nerves
Skin
1. The skin is made up of two layers- the epidermis and the dermis.
2. The epidermis is a very thin layer of dead cells which protects the
surface of the body.
4. The skin is a sense organ helping the body to know what is happening
in its surrounding.
5
-Pain receptors are at the skin
surface. They are branched and
respond to intense stimuli.
Tongue
1. Your senses of taste and smell are closely linked. They are both
chemical senses.
3. The sensors that give you your sense of taste are found in little
grooves on your tongue. They are call taste buds.
Each taste bud can only taste one taste.
5. The taste buds send nervous impulses along the nerves to the brain for
its interpretation.
6. When food is placed in the mouth, the saliva dissolves the food and
the chemicals stimulate the taste buds.
7
Nervous pathway for detecting taste:
Food(stimuli) Saliva dissolves food Chemical in food stimulate taste
buds Taste buds send impulses to brain The brain interprets the
impulses
o Diffe
rent areas of the tongue are especially sensitive to different taste
Nose
Our nose also senses chemical but it is thousands of time more sensitive than
your sense of taste.
Smells are chemical in the air.
The nasal cavities have glands which produce a sticky fluid called mucus.
A person having a cold cannot smell well. This is because the sensory cells
are covered with a lot mucus and not much chemicals can reach and
stimulate the sensory cells.
stimulate the sensory cells The sensory cells produce nervous impulses
Nervous impulses are sent along the nerves to the brain The brain
9
10
Ears
The air around us is full of sound waves.
You ears work by converting these sound waves into nerve impulses.
• The outer part of your ear funnels the sound waves into the ear canal
• The sound waves travel along the ear canal to the eardrum.
• Inside the cochlea are lots of tiny, sensory hairs. Movement of the
fluid sets these
hairs vibrating. They send off nerve impulses to the brain
11
12
Eye
► The eye is a sensory organ for light. We see things with our eyes.
► The pupil (hole) in the centre of the eye allows light to enter the eye.
► The colored part of the eye called the iris is a continuation of the choroids
► The eye is made up of many parts, and each part is designed to help the
eye to see.
Humorretinaoptic nervebrain
13
The structure of the eye
14
Defects of Vision
• Long-sightedness
• Short-sightedness
• Astigmatism
• Color blindness
• Optical illusion
• Blind spot
• Stereoscopic vision
• Monocular vision
15