Constitution – fundamental law of the land; highest law

and source of all laws.

6 Types:

• Written – embodied in a single document

• Unwritten – contribution of different laws
• Conventional – a product of constitutional convention
(constitutional commission – the maker of constitution)
• Cumulative – a product of political evolution (norms,
culture etc. are accepted as law)
• Rigid – cannot be easily amended
• Flexible – can be easily amended by legislation or
judicial decision.

* ( Philippine Constitution are combination of the

underlined items.)
History of Philippine Constitution

Malolos Constitution – first constitution under Emiliio

Aguinaldo

1935 Constitution – under Commonwealth Government

1973 Constitution – under Ferdinand Marcos

1987 Constitution – Freedom Constitution

Sources:

• U.S. Constitution
• Tyddings- Mcduffie Law
• Jone’s Law/ Phil. Bill of 1972
• Cooper Act
• Institution of Pres. McKinley to the 1st Phil. Commission
1987 Philippine Constitution
1.Constitution on Government – discusses the
powers & functions of government

2. Constitution on Liberty – rights and privileges

accorded to us by the constitution.

3.Constitution on Sovereignty – empowers the

people especially in amending the Constitution.

Constitution on Government – executive,

legislative, judiciary.
3 Principles of Executive
• Separation of Powers – of the 3 branches

• Check & Balance – the 3 branches exercise a balance

power

• Decentralization of Powers – transfer of power from

the central government to departments, bureaus, offices
& local government units.
3 Forms:

 Revolution – transfer of political power to local

government units (brgy., municipality, ARMM &
CAR, city)
 Deconcentration- administrative power national
to offices, department etc.
 Debureaucratization – private individual, NGO’s,
civil society, people’s organization are given
chances to participate
Qualifications of President & Vice President – diniscuss ni
maam pero hindi ko nalista eh. Tingnan mo na lang sa
book. Hehe.

President’s Power

1.Power to appoint
2.Power to remove
3.Power to control
4.Power of Supervision – of LGU’s
5.Military Power
 Call the arm forces
 Declare martial law
 Suspend the writ of habeas corpus
 Establish military corps
1.Foreign Relation Power – to represent our country to
international conference or meetings.
2.Recognition
3.Power to deport an alien
4.Send and Receive Diplomatic Representative
10. Enter a treaty/ international agreement
11. Guarantee foreign loans & borrowings
12. Grant Executive clemency
 Grant amnesty – political offenders
 Grant pardon
 Commutation – lowering of punishment
to one degree
 Reprieve – temporary postponement
13. Budgetary Power

Article IV: Citizenship

Mali yung lecture ko dito. Diniscuss lang ni

maam yung 4 sections ng article pati yung mga
sub-sections.