Pre-test:

I. Identify the concept being described in each

item
state parliamentary
government ion
aristocracy
Democratization
social contract theory executive
force theory legislative
divine theory sovereignty
country judiciary
presidential
Pre-test:
_____ 1. It is the entity in charge of managing
the state
_____ 2. It is an ethnic concept not apolitical
concept ion
Democratization
_____ 3. It is a form of government whereby the
power is exercised by the representatives of the
people.
_____ 4. It is a form of government headed by a
prime minister
Pre-test:
_____ 5. It is the form of government ruled by a
few privileged class
_____ 6. The branch of the government that
makes the law of the land ion
Democratization
_____ 7. It is a community of people having its
own territory and government, and enjoys
independence.
_____ 8. It is the supreme power of the state to
rule itself that is free from outside control
_____ 9. The territory that holds that the state
was created by God for the people.
Pre-test:
____ 10. The theory that holds that a state is
established through force.

II. Answer the followingionquestions substantially

1. Is the Philippines considered
Democratization a state or a

nation? Justify your answer

2. The Philippines applies a republican form of
government. What are some of the
advantages of having such kind of system?
3. Why should there be a separation of power in
the government?
Pre-test:
____ 10. The theory that holds that a state is
established through force.

II. Answer the followingionquestions substantially

1. Is the Philippines considered
Democratization a state or a

nation? Justify your answer

2. The Philippines applies a republican form of
government. What are some of the
advantages of having such kind of system?
3. Why should there be a separation of power in
the government?
Pre-test:
____ 10. The theory that holds that a state is
established through force.

II. Answer the followingionquestions substantially

1. Is the Philippines considered
Democratization a state or a

nation? Justify your answer

2. The Philippines applies a republican form of
government. What are some of the
advantages of having such kind of system?
3. Why should there be a separation of power in
the government?
Institutions and
Services
Democratization
What is a state?
- it is a community of persons, more or less
numerous, occupying a definite a definite
portion of the earth’s surface, having its own
government, through which the inhabitants
Democratization
render habitual obedience free from outside
control
- People
- Territory
- Government
- Sovereignty
Elements of State:
1. PEOPLE-
-it is important that the
community of persons is
composed of both females
and males for purposes of
reproduction Democratization

- Reproduction is
indispensible
- there is no requirement
as to number of people living
in a territory for it to be
classified as a state
2. Territory:
- should be a fixed and bounded portion of
the earth’s surface
- within it are natural resources
- inhabitants have the responsibility to
protect and conserve it including the
Democratization
resources
- Article 1 of the 1987 Constitution
- we have sovereignty and jurisdiction over
it
3. Government:
- maintain an organized state
- the body where the people, through their
representatives, can express their desire
- this is where the laws to be implemented in
the country enacted
Democratization
 “It’s hard to achieve economic
progress under a unitary
government. How can we move
forward if all the money is
forwarded to the National
Treasurer?
With federalism, we will bring
development to all regions of the
country!”

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

16th President, Republic of the Philippines
 What is
Federalism?
The term federalism
is derived from the
Latin root foedus,
which means "formal
agreement or
covenant."
Federalism is a system of
government where
governmental powers and
responsibilities
are assigned or shared
between the federal
government and the state
governments.
 Unitary
Places most power in the hands of
central government officials.
There is no hierarchy of sovereign
powers.
The central government receives a
large part of every region’s/provinces’ towns retains some of its income.
income and redistribute it.
Federal
Allocates strong power to units of
local government within a country
while maintaining a strong central
powers
Has multiple hierarchy levels, with
both the central authority and the
states (or provinces) both being
sovereign.
The regions, provinces, cities and

There are the common set of rules and There can be variations in rules and
regulations in the entire country  regulations at central and state level.

Little to no provincial authority Gives more power to local territories/

provinces to make rules/laws
Budget Allocation, 2016
Top 10 Poorest Provinces in the Philippines
Advantages of Federalism

What would be the

solution? …..
Should we shift to a
Federal form?.....Why?
 Why should we shift to a Federal form?

Address the fundamental

demand of the Moros, Lumads
and other minorities

May be an answer to the country’s

lingering troubles rooted in Philippine
society’s multi-cultural nature.
Clark Special Economic
Zone (New Manila)
How do we reconfigure the country
under the federal system?
4. Sovereignty
- refers to the supreme power of the state to
rule itself without interference from other
state.

Democratization
Concept of a nation:

- refers to the people who have common

origin, language, beliefs, and customs.

STATE NATION
Democratization
- Political concept - ethnic concept
- Sovereignty - cultural
commonality
Theories:
1. Divine Theory: it holds that the state was
created by God for the people
2. Social Contract Theory- it holds that the
people have agreed to establish the state for
their common benefit
3. Force Theory-Democratization
It holds that the state was
established through the use of force in order
for people to follow
Forms of government:
1. Democracy-
a. Direct democracy- it means that the power
of the government is exercised directly by the
people
b. Indirect democracy- the power of the
Democratization
government is exercised by the people
through their representatives
Democratization
-the introduction of a democratic
system or democratic principles
-is the transition to a more
democratic political regime. It also
Democratization

refers to substantive political changes

moving in a democratic direction
- is the transition to a more
democratic system of government
2. Monarchy:
a. Absolute monarchy- the power of the
government is in the hands of a monarch or a
king
monarch- king/ queen
Democratization
- absolute ruler
ex: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Brunei
3. Aristocracy/ Oligarchy
- the power is in the hands of the so called “
few privileged class”
- they have economic and social control that
Democratization
translates to political power
- elites are dominating the political arena
4. Dictatorial/ Authoritarian:
- controlled by a single person
- people do not enjoy the freedom of
expression, speech, press and religion

Democratization

Kim Jong-un
As to how legislative and executive
powers are exercised :
1. Presidential-
• the head of the state and the
government is elected by the people
•
Democratization
the executive is independent from
the legislative
• the executive is directly accountable
to the people
As to how legislative and executive
powers are exercised :
2. Parliamentary:
• the head of the government is the prime
minister who is chosen by the members of the
parliamentary Democratization

• the executive is not independent from the

legislative or parliamentary
• the executive is directly accountable to the
parliament.
As to how legislative and executive
powers are exercised :
2. Parliamentary:
• the head of the government is the prime
minister who is chosen by the members of the
parliamentary Democratization

• the executive is not independent from the

legislative or parliamentary
• the executive is directly accountable to the
parliament.
A view on the Philippine government
-Article II Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution
- “The Philippine is a democratic and a
republican state. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authorities emanates
from them” Democratization
- The branch of the government:
1. Legislative
• enact, amend, or repeal law
• bicameral congress
- Senate
- House of the Representative
House of Representative:
1. district
2.

Democratization
2. Executive
• administration of the laws and of the state
• headed by the president elected by the people
• directly elected by the people
• cabinet- appointed by the people
Democratization
 Democratization

Secretary of Tourism – Wanda Corazon Teo

 Democratization

Secretary of Health – Paulyn Jean Rosell Ubial

 Democratization

Secretary of Education – Leonor Briones

3. Judiciary
• branch of government that interprets the laws
• it is vested upon the SUPREME COURT
composed of the
1- chief justice and 14 associate justices
Democratization
civil tax cases but also cases that
are criminal in nature, as well as
local tax cases, property taxes and
final collection of taxes
 special court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction
over criminal and civil cases which involve graft and
corrupt practices and other offenses committed by
public officers and employees in relation to their
office. Its rank is equivalent to the Court of Appeals.
 Top ten Nature Proposed
political/ Solution
social problem

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