PHYSICS MODULE Introduction To Physics

Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) – Introduction To Physics 1
1. A field of study in physics that is related to temperature and thermal energy is

A heat
B light
C electricity
D nuclear physics
2. Which of the following is a SI base unit?

A decimeter
B meter
C kilometer
D Megameter
3. Which of the following sets is the set of prefixes arranged in ascending order?
A nano, mega, mili, kilo
B mega, kilo, nano, mili
C nano, mili, kilo, mega
D kilo, mili, mega, nano
4. Which of the following is not a symbol of a base SI unit?

o
A kg B s C A D C
5. Which group contains scalar quantities only?
A Distance / Jarak B Speed / Laju

Work / Kerja Weight / Berat
Mass / Jisim Time / Masa
Time / Masa Volume / Isipadu
C Force / Daya D Displacement /

Momentum / Sesaran
Momentum Area / Luas
Velocity / Halaju Density / Ketumpatan
Weight / Berat Energy / Tenaga
6. Time, work and speed are

A base quantities C scalar quantities
B derived quantities D vector quantities
7. Mass can be categorized as

A. Derived quantity
B. Base quantity
C. Vector quantity
8. Which of the following quantities is a vector quantity ?

A Mass
B Speed
C Work
D Momentum
9. Which of the following shows the relation between the base quantities for density?
A mass
length  length  length
B mass  mass  length

time
C time  time
length  mass
D mass  length
length  length  time
10. Which of the following quantities below is a base quantity?

A Momentum C Speed
B Time D Force
11. Which of the following physical quantities is not a base quantity?

A Temperature C Mass
B Electric charge D Time
12. What is the unit of momentum in terms of base SI units?

A Ns C kg m s-1
-
B kg m s ² D Nm
13. Which of the following is the unit of a base quantity ?

A. Kilometer C Joule
B. Kilogram D Voltan.
14. Which of the following submultiple and it’s prefix is correct ?

Submultiple Prefix
A. 10-6 kilo
-3
B. 10 mili
C 10-2 hecto
D 10-1 deca
15. Which of the following arrangements of the prefixes is in descending order ?

A Milli, centi, micro, deci
B Deci , centi, milli, micro,
C Centi, deci, milli, micro
16. Which of the following lists of physical quantities consist of only scalar quantities ?
A Mass, time, displacement, force

B Density, speed, energy, temperature
C Time, speed, momentum, temperature
D Acceleration, speed, energy, time
17. Which of the following physical quantities has the correct SI units?
Quantities SI units
A. Acceleration ms-1
B. Momentum kg ms-1
C. Density kg cm-3
D. Pressure kg m-1 s-1
18. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A Temperature B Electric current
C Density D Displacement
19. Which of the following is the correct option for scalar and vector quantity?
Scalar quantity Vector quantity

A Displacement Velocity
B Frequency Speed
C Power Force
20. A scalar quantity is

A a physical quantity that has magnitude only
B a physical quantity that has magnitude and direction
C a quantity that can be measured using a measuring scales.
D a base quantity and cannot be derived from other quantities
21. Which physical quantity has the correct S.I unit?
Physical quantity S.I Unit

A Time minute
B Mass Newton
C Length meter
D Temperature Celcius
22. Which of the following measurements has the smallest value?

A 1.0 x 10² km C 1.0 x 108 cm
7
B 1.0 x 10 mm D 1.0 x 109 nm
23. The velocity of a car is 40 m s-1 .What is its velocity in km h-1?

A 112 km h-1 C 144 km h-1
B 121 km h-1 D 130 km h-1
24. Which one of the following measurements is the smallest ?

A 1.5 x 10 2 kg B 1.5 x 10 7 g C 1.5 x 10 12 µ g
25. What is the equivalent value for 40 ms-1 in kmh-1

A 1.10 x 10-5 B 1.44 x 10-5 C 14.4

D 144 E 1440
26. A radio station transmitted a radio wave with frequency of 25 MHz. The value of the frequency
is equivalent to
A 2.5 x 10-5 Hz B 2.5 x 10-2 Hz. C 2.5 x 104 Hz.
D 2.5 x 107 Hz. E 2.5 x 109 Hz.
27. ERA radio wave frequency 103.3 MHz, written in Hz unit is

A. 1.033 x 104 Hz B. 1.033 x 105 Hz C. 1.033 x 106 Hz
D. 1.033 x 107 Hz
E. 1.033 x 108 Hz
28. A car is traveling at a speed of 90 km h-1. What is its speed in m s-1?
A 9.0 ms-1 B 18.0 ms-1 C 25.0 ms-1
-1 -1
D 30.0 ms E 20.0 ms
29. A piece of copper wire is 0.50 m long, and its diameter is1.52 mm. What is the appropriate
instrument that can be used to measure the length and the thickness of the copper
wire ?
Length Thickness
A Meter rule Vernier calipers
B Meter rule Micrometer screw gauge
C Measuring tape Vernier calipers
D Vernier calipers Micrometer screw gauge
30. Which of the following statements about zero error is true ?

A Can be reduced by finding the average reading.
B Exists in either positive value or negative value.
C Increases when the range of the scale is larger.
D Increases when the value of the reading is larger.
31. An experiment is carried out to find the relationship between mass and acceleration of a trolley
on a wooden runway. The experiment is repeated by adding the number of trolleys. The
responding variable in this experiment is
A. the length of the wooden runway. B. acceleration
C. mass D. time
32. Which of the following steps can reduce the parallax error while recording the value of
current from an ammeter?
A Use more sensitive ammeter .
B Calculate the average value from the repeated readings
C Use a magnifying lens to read the reading from the ammeter .
D Use an ammeter with a plane mirror underneath the pointer needle .
33. The ability of an instrument to detect a small changes in the quantity to be measured is called
A. accuracy B. precision
C. sensitivity D. error
34. Among the 4 sets of archery results A, B, C and D shown in figure, which set is
consistent but not accurate ? A
35. Consistency of an instrument is

A the ability to detect a small change in the quantity to be measured.
B the ability to measure a quantity with a little deviation.
C the ability to measure the actual value
D the ability to stand a change of environmental factors
36. Which of the following steps is the correct in designing and carrying out an experiment?
A Analisation  state the aim  list the variables  list of apparatus 
procedures  tabulation
B Procedures  state the aim  list the variables  list of apparatus 
tabulation  analysation
C State the aim  list the variables  list of apparatus  procedures 
tabulation  analisation
D List the variables  list of apparatus  state the aim  procedures 
tabulation  analysation
37. A student conducted an experiment to study the relationship between the mass of the pendulum
and its period of oscillation. Which of the following statements is correct?
A The manipulated variable is the length of pendulum.
B The responding variable can be determined with the stop watch.
C The period of oscillation is scaled at x-axis for plotting the graph.
D The mass of pendulum should be the same throughout the experiment
38. Which of the following causes systematic errors?

A Parallax error
B Incorrect measurement
C Change of temperature
D Zero error
39. A shop-keeper places two identical blocks of cheese on a set of scales and notices that their
combined mass is 240 g. Each block measures 2.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 10.0 cm.
A 0.42 g / cm3 B 0.83 g / cm3

C 1.2 g / cm3 D 2.4 g / cm3
40. Diagram shows a hole at the wooden block.
Wooden
block Hole
Which measuring tool is the most suitable will be use to measure the diameter and the depth of
the hole?
A Ruler C Micrometer screw gauge and ruler
B Ruler and vernier calipers D Vernier calipers
41. Diagram 41.1 above shows the existence of zero error when the gap of a micrometer screw
gauge is closed.
Diagram 41.2 shows the reading of the micrometer screw gauge after an object is placed for the
measurement of its thickness.
Diagram 41.1 Diagram 41.2
The actual reading of the thickness is
A 2.25 mm B 2.28 mm
C 2.75 mm D 2.78 mm
42. Figure 1 shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge.
FIGURE 1
What is the reading of the micrometer?

A 8.31 mm
B 8.81 mm
C 8.81 cm
D 8.31 cm
43. Figure 1(a) shows the existence of zero error of a vernier calipers. Figure 1(b) shows the
reading of the vernier calipers for diameter of metal sphere.
The actual reading of diameter of the metal sphere is
A 2.02 cm B 2.04 cm
C 2.06 cm D 2.08 cm
44. The diagram shows part of a micrometer screw gauge.
What is the reading of the micrometer?
A 4.28 mm B 4.32 mm
C 4.78 mm D 4.82 mm
45. Figure shows a micrometer screw gauge which is used to measure the diameter of an object.
Without an object With an object
Diameter of the object is
A. 2.31 mm B. 2.32 mm C. 2.33 mm

D. 2.87 mm E. 2.88 mm
46.
Diagram (a) Diagram (b)
Diagram (a) shows the reading of the micrometer screw gauge when the jaws are tight. Diagram
(b) shows the reading of the micrometer screw gauge when it is used to measure the thickness
of a coin. What is the thickness of the coin ?
A 2.20 mm
B 2.30 mm
C 2.40 mm
D 2.50 mm
E 2.90 mm
47. Diagram shows a pair of vernier calipers used to measure the thickness of a wooden block. If a
pair of vernier calipers has -0.02 cm zero error, the actual reading of the vernier calipers is
A 1.55 cm B 1.56 cm C 1.57 cm

D 1.58 cm E 2.50 cm
48. Which of the following statements is true concerning the use of a pair of vernier calipers.
A The outside jaws are used to measure internal diameters
B The inside jaws are used to measure thickness of a book
C The tail is used to measure the depths of a liquid in a beaker
D The inside jaws are used to measure external diameters
49. The diagram shows the reading of a ball bearing. The diameter of the ball bearing is
A 1.100 cm D 1.150 cm
B 1.110 cm E 1.183 cm
C 1.133 cm
50. Diagram (i) shows a vernier caliper scale with a zero error when the two jaws of the vernier
calipers touch each other. Diagram (ii) shows a reading when it is used to measure the
thickness of a piece of wood.
Diagram (i) Diagram (ii)
What is the actual reading of the measurement?

A. 9.01 cm
B. 9.11 cm
C. 9.14 cm
D. 9.15 cm
51. The diagram shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge.
What is the reading of the micrometer ?

A 6.58 mm C 6.03 mm
B 6.52 mm D 6.02 mm
52. The diagram above shows a micrometer screw gauge used to measure the thickness of a coin.
What is the reading shown ?

A 3.05 mm D 3.65 mm
B 3.50 mm E 3.95 mm
C 3.55 mm
53. What is the reading of the vernier calipers as shown in the diagram below?
A 3.90 cm B 3.70 cm C 3.16 cm

D 2.67 cm E 2.61 cm
54. Diagram (i) shows the zero error of a vernier calipers. Diagram (ii) shows the reading of the
thickness of a coin when this vernier callipers is used. What is the corrected value of the
thinkness of the coin?
Diagram (i) Diagram (ii)
A 4.11 cm D 4.66 cm
B 4.15 cm E 4.70 cm
C 4.21 cm
55. Diagram shows a pair of vernier calipers reading when it is closed. The subsequent readings
must be corrected by…..
Main scale
Vernier scale
A Adding 0.06 cm C Adding 0.04 cm

B Substracting 0.06 cm D Substracting 0.04 cm
56. A vernier calipers is shown in diagram below.
The vernier calipers is used to measure the diameter of a marble . The reading produced
has to be
A subtracted by 0.07 cm . B added with 0.07 cm
C subtracted by 0.03 cm . D added with 0.03 cm .
57. Which of the following statements about micrometer screw gauge is correct?
A Its sensitivity is 0.01 cm
B It has two types of jaw
C Each division on the thimble is 0.01 mm
D The main division is on its ratchet
58. A glass rod being measured by three different instruments. Which of the following readings is
measured with micrometer screw gauge?
A 1.85 mm C 1.851 mm
B 1.85 cm D 18.51 cm
59. Which of the following is suitable measured with micrometer screw gauge?
A The thickness of a book
B The width of a book
C The width of a crack
D The thickness of a cardboard
60. A student needs to measure the internal diameter of a test tube as accurately as
possible. Which instrument should be used?
A. Metre rule C. Vernier calipers
B. Measuring tape D. Micrometer screw gauge
61. What is the reading of ammeter
A. 0.27 A B. 0.54 A C. 2.7 A

D. 3.7 A E. 5.4 A
62. The table shows the results obtained from an experiment to examine the resistivity of a
wire.
Diameter of wire / mm Current / A Potential difference / V
0.40 0.36 3.6
0.80 0.41 3.8
1.20 0.55 4.5
1.60 0.72 5.0
2.00 0.88 5.1
Which one of the following statements is true about the experiment?

A The smallest scale on the ammeter is 0.02 A.
B The smallest scale on the voltmeter is 0.1 V.
C The diameter of the wire is the responding variable.
D The diameter of the wire is measured with vernier calipers.
63. The accuracy of a measurement can be increased by

A. Neglecting the zero error
B. Neglecting the parallax error
C. Taking average of several readings
D. Rounding up values to the nearest decimals
64. Which of the following steps can reduce the parallax error while recording the value of current
from an ammeter?
A. Use more sensitive ammeter.
B. Calculate the average value from the repeated readings
C. Use a magnified lens to read the reading from the ammeter.
D. Use an ammeter with a plane mirror underneath the pointer needle.
65. A, B, C and D show the shooting marks on a target. Which marks can explain the concept of
consistency of a measurement?
A B
C D
66. Diagram below shows the marks on a target board made by arrows shot by two archers, M and
N.
Which of the following is true about the archers ?

A. N is not accurate because his arrow marks are far from each other.
B. N is not consistent because his five arrow marks are far from the target.
C. M is more accurate because his five arrow marks are close to each other.
D. M is more precise because his five arrow marks are close to each other.
67. The graphical method is an easy and effective method of analyzing experimental
results because a graph can
A produce accurate experimental results.
B improve the accuracy of experimental measurements.
C improve the sensitivity of the measuring instrument.
D clearly show the relationship between the experimental quantities
68. The diagram shows an ammeter has a mirror behind the pointer.
Mirror
Pointer
What is the function of the mirror?

A Focus the light
B To avoid parallax error
C The scale can be brighter
D The image of pointer becomes bigger
69. The diagram shows a graph plotted from an experiment .
-10
Which of the following statement about the graph is not true?
A The title of the graph is graph force,F against time,t .

B Time, t is the manipulated variable .
C The gradient of the graph is 4 Ns-1 .
D The force is directly proportional to the time .
70. Diagram show a graph of P against 1/Q.
1/Q
Which of the following is true?
A. P is directly proportional with Q

B. P is inversely to 1/Q
C. P is inversely to Q
71. The diagram shows graph Y against 1/X . Which of the following relationship between X and
Y is correct if the gradient is -m and the Y-intercept is t?
m
Y t
A Y = t - mX C X
B m D X = t – mY
X t
Y
72. The graph shows the relationship between s and t.
The relationship between a and b is represented by the equation

A a B a
s t b s t a
b b
C a D a
s t b s t a
b b
73. The graph shows the relationship between s and t.

s
t
0 n
Which of the following equations represent the graph?
m
A s t m
n
m
B s  t n
n
m
C s   t m
n
n
D s   t n
m
n
E s   t m
m
74. The graph shows the relationship between v and t.
v/m
3 t/s
-12
The relationship between v and t is represented by the equation:

A v  4t  12 B v  4t  12
C v  4t  12 D v  4t  12
75. v/ms-1
10
t/s
5
Which statement about the graph is correct?
A v = 10 t + 5 B v = 2t + 10
C v = -2t + 10 D v = 5t -10
76. Based on the figure shown, state the relationship between mass and acceleration.
a/ms-2
/ kg-1
A. Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass

B. Acceleration is directly proportional to mass
1
C. Acceleration is inversely proportional to
m
77. Diagram shows a graph relating two physical quantities, H and K.

H
0 K
Which statement is correct? / Pernyataan manakah benar?
A H is the manipulated variable / H ialah pembolehubah dimanipulasi
B K is the constant variable / K ialah pembolehubah dimalarkan
C H decreases linearly with K / H berkurang secara linear dengan K
D H is directly proportional to K / H berkadar terus dengan K
1 A physical quantity is ……………………………………………………………………..
BASE QUANTITIES
2 A base quantity is a physical quantity which cannot be defined in terms of other physical
quantities.
3 List of 5 basic physical quantities and their units.
Base quantity Symbol S.I. Unit Symbol for S.I. Unit

Length
Mass
Time
Current
Temperature
4 Two quantities that have also identified as basic quantity. There are :
i) ………………………… unit ……………..
ii) ………………………. .. unit ……………..
DERIVED QUANTITIES
1 A derived quantity is …….…………………………………………………………………
2 Determine the derived unit for the following derived quantities.

Derived Name of
Formula Derived unit
quantity derived unit
area area = length x width m x m = m2 –
volume volume = length x width x height m x m x m = m3 –
mass kg
density density  3
 kg m  3 –
volume m
displacement m
velocity velocity   m s 1 –
time s
momentum momentum = mass x velocity
change in velocity
Acceleration acceleration 
time
Derived Name of
Formula Derived unit
quantity derived unit
Force force = mass x acceleration
force
pressure pressure 
area
weight = mass x gravitational
weight
acceleration
work work = force x displacement
work
power power 
time
kinetic 1
K.E   mass  velocity 2
energy 2
potential P.E = mass x gravitational acceleration x

energy height
charge charge = current x time
work
voltage voltage 
charge
voltage
resistance resistance 
current
Note that the physical quantities such as width, thickness, height, distance, displacement, perimeter,
radius and diameter are equivalent to length.
STANDARD FORM
1. Standard form = A x 10n , 1 < A < 10 and n = integer
2. Standard form is used to simplify the expression of very large and small numbers
PREFIXES
1. Prefixes are usually used to represent a large physical quantity or extremely small quantity in
S.I units.
2. It will be written before the unit as a multiplying factor
How to change the unit :

Eg :
1. Mega to nano
1.33 MA = 1.33 x 106 A

= 1.33 x 10 6-(-9) nA
= 1.33 x 10 -15 nA
2. Tera to micro
1.23 Tm = 1.23 x 10 12m

= 1.23 x 10 12 – (-6)m
= 1.23 x 10 18m
3. piko to Mega
5456 pA = 5.456 x 10 3 + (-12) pA

= 5.456 x 10 -9pA
= 5.456 x 10 -9 –(6) MA
= 5.456 x 10 -15 MA
4. Some physical quantities have extremely small magnitudes. These extremely large and small values
can be written in standard form or using standard prefixes
A. Write the following quantities in standard form :
a. Radius of the earth = 6 370 000 m =…………………………………………………….
b. Mass of an electron = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 911 kg = ………….
c. Size of a particle = 0.000 03 m = ………………………………………………………
d. Diameter of an atom = 0.000 000 072 m = …………………………………………..........
e. Wavelength of light = 0.000 000 55 m = ………………………………………………….
B. Write the quantities in standard prefixes:
a. Frequency of radio wave = 91 000 000 Hz = ……………………………………………….
b. Diameter of the earth = 12 800 000 m = …………………………………………………….
c. Distance between the moon and the earth = 383 000 000 m = ……………………………..
d. Mass of the earth = 6 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg = ……………………………..
SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES
1 Scalar quantities are ……………………………………………………………………….

Examples : …………………………………………………………………………………
2 Vector quantities are………………………………………………………………………...
Examples : …………………………………………………………………………………
MEASUREMENTS
Using Appropriate Instruments to Measure
1. There are various types of measuring instrument with different measuring capabilities.
2. We must know how to choose the appropriate instrument to measure a particular quantity
Eg:
A. Ammeter : is use to determine the electric current
incorret reading 1 2 3 correct

1 2 3
0 4 reading
0 4
pointer mirror
pointer mirror
Pointer’s image can be seen Pointer’s image is behind the pointer
B. Measuring cylinder : is use to determine the volume of liquid.
wrong position of eye

Right position of eye (eye are in a line perpendicular to the plane of the scale)
water
small object depth
wrong position of eye
of a hole
external diameter of a cylinder or pipe internal diameter of a pipe
or tube
B. Ruler : is use to determine the length 0.1 cm
wrong right wrong
10 11 12 13 14 15 Reading = ……………… cm
C. Vernier calliper
1. A venier calliper is used to measure :

i. small object
ii. depth of a hole
iii. external diameter of a cylinder or pipe
iv. internal diameter of a pipe or tube
2. A vernier calliper gives readings to an accuracy of 0.01 cm.
inside jaws
cmVernier
0 scale 1 2 3 4 Main scale
SKALA
UTAMA
0
outside jaws
5
10
Main scale in cm
0 1
0 5 10 Vernier scale
The different between the main scale and vernier scale is = ……………………………. cm
3. Length of vernier scale = ……… cm

Vernier scale is divided into 10 divisions
Length of the divisions = ………. cm
Eg:
0 1
cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Find the division of

vernier scale which is
coincides with any part
of the main scale
Main scale = …………………. Vernier scale = …………………..
Final reading = …………………..
Eg: The diagram below shows a vernier calliper with reading.

0 1
0 5 10
Vernier calliper reading = ……………. cm
D. Micrometer screw gauge.
A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure :

i. objects that are small in size
ii. diameter of a wire
iii. diameter of small spheres such as ball bearings
Sleeve scale : ……………
Thimble scale : ………….
Total reading : …………..
One complete turn of the thimble

(50 division) moves the spindle by 0.50 mm.
Division of thimble = …………………..
= …………………..
A accuracy of micrometer screw gauge
= ……………..
Eg:
Sleeve scale : ……………
Thimble scale : ………….
Total reading : …………..
Exercise: Vernier Callipers

And Micrometer Screw Gauge
1. Write down the readings shown by the following

(a)
7 8
0 5 10
Answer : …………………………………
4 5
(b) A B
P Q
0 5 10
Answer : …………………………………
6 7
(c)
0 5 1
0
Answer : …………………………………
(d)
0 1
0 5 10
Answer : …………………………………
2. (a) The following

0
diagram shows the scale of a vernier
1
calliper when the jaws are closed.
0 5 10
Zero error = ………… cm

(b) The following diagram shows the scale of the same vernier calliper when there are
40 pieces of cardboard between the jaws.
5 6
0 5 10
Reading shown = …………..…….cm
Corrected reading = …………..……..cm
3. Write down the readings shown by the following micrometer screw gauges.
(a) (b)
40 0 35
0 5 5 10
35 30
Answer: …………………………. Answer:…………………..
(c) (d)
0
25 0 5 20
20 15
Answer:………………………… Answer:…………………….
4. (a) Determine the readings of the following micrometer screw gauges.

5
0
0 0
0
45
Zero error = …........…….. mm Zero error = …................ mm
(b) Determine the readings of the following micrometer screw gauges.
5 0 5 20
0
0
15
Zero error = ……………… mm Reading shown = ………………… mm
Corrected reading = ………………… mm
ACCURACY AND CONSISTENCY IN MEASUREMENTS
1. Accuracy : …………………………………………………………………………………
2. Consistency : ………………………………………………………………………………
3. Sensitivity : …………………………………………………………………………………
of approximation only.
target how close the measurement is to the actual value.
………………………… ……………………… ……………………………..
error exist in all measurements.
Systematic errors
a weakness of the instrument

target
the difference between reaction time of the brain and the action.
…………………….. …………………………….. ………………………………
zero error is when the pointer is not at zero when not in use.
ERRORS IN MEASUREMENTS
1. All measurements are values ………………………………………………………………
Range of the measuring instrument – absolute error .
2. In other word, it is a matter of ……………………………………………………………
Reaction time of the brain.
Initial reading is not at the zero scale – zero error
3. This is because ……………………………………………………………………………

4. Two main types of errors:
4.1 ……………………………………………
Occurs due to :
a) ………………………………………………………………………………………
b) ………………………………………………………………………………………
c) ………………………………………………………………………………………
Examples :
a) ………………………………………………………………………………………
b) ………………………………………………………………………………………
c) ………………………………………………………………………………………
Random error
4.2 ……………………………………………..
Occurs due to
carelessness in making the measurement.
a) ………………………………………………………………………………………
parallex error , incorrect positioning of the eye when taking the readings.
b) ………………………………………………………………………………………
sudden change of ambient factors such as temperature or air circulation.
c) ………………………………………………………………………………………
Example :
a) Readings are close to the actual value but they are not consistent.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…
b) Can be minimized by consistently repeating the measurement at different
……………………………………………………………………………………..
places in an identical manner.
.....................................................................................................................
Eg:
a. Parallax error :
It occurs because the position of the eye is not perpendicular to the scale of the instrument.
Example : Wrong
Right position of the eye (no error)
Wrong
b. Zero error : where the pointer is not at zero when not in use
Correct reading = observed reading – zero error

Positive zero error Negative zero error

0 1 cm
0 1 cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Zero error = + 0.03 cm Zero error = - 0.04 cm
Positive zero error Negative zero error
3 divisions above
Horizontal Horizontal
reference 2 divisions below reference
horizontal reference
horizontal reference
Zero error of micrometer screw gauge
Zero error = 0.02 mm Zero error = 0.03 mm
c. Absolute error : Refer to the smallest reading that can be measured by an instrument.
Eg. If, the smallest reading = 0.1 cm

Then, Absolute error = 0.1 / 2 = 0.05 cm

PHYSICS MODULE Introduction To Physics

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PHYSICS MODULE Introduction To Physics

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Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) – Introduction To Physics 1

Physics Module : Paper 1 (by nick SMSHS) – Introduction To Physics 2

1. A field of study in physics that is related to temperature and thermal energy is

2. Which of the following is a SI base unit?

4. Which of the following is not a symbol of a base SI unit?

5. Which group contains scalar quantities only?

A Distance / Jarak B Speed / Laju

C Force / Daya D Displacement /

6. Time, work and speed are

7. Mass can be categorized as

8. Which of the following quantities is a vector quantity ?

B mass  mass  length

10. Which of the following quantities below is a base quantity?

11. Which of the following physical quantities is not a base quantity?

12. What is the unit of momentum in terms of base SI units?

13. Which of the following is the unit of a base quantity ?

14. Which of the following submultiple and it’s prefix is correct ?

15. Which of the following arrangements of the prefixes is in descending order ?

A Mass, time, displacement, force

18. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

Scalar quantity Vector quantity

20. A scalar quantity is

21. Which physical quantity has the correct S.I unit?

Physical quantity S.I Unit

22. Which of the following measurements has the smallest value?

23. The velocity of a car is 40 m s-1 .What is its velocity in km h-1?

24. Which one of the following measurements is the smallest ?

25. What is the equivalent value for 40 ms-1 in kmh-1

A 1.10 x 10-5 B 1.44 x 10-5 C 14.4

27. ERA radio wave frequency 103.3 MHz, written in Hz unit is

30. Which of the following statements about zero error is true ?

consistent but not accurate ? A

35. Consistency of an instrument is

38. Which of the following causes systematic errors?

A 0.42 g / cm3 B 0.83 g / cm3

40. Diagram shows a hole at the wooden block.

Diagram 41.1 Diagram 41.2

The actual reading of the thickness is

42. Figure 1 shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge.

What is the reading of the micrometer?

The actual reading of diameter of the metal sphere is

44. The diagram shows part of a micrometer screw gauge.

What is the reading of the micrometer?

Without an object With an object

Diameter of the object is

A. 2.31 mm B. 2.32 mm C. 2.33 mm

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

A 1.55 cm B 1.56 cm C 1.57 cm

Diagram (i) Diagram (ii)

What is the actual reading of the measurement?

51. The diagram shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge.

What is the reading of the micrometer ?

What is the reading shown ?

A 3.90 cm B 3.70 cm C 3.16 cm

Diagram (i) Diagram (ii)

A Adding 0.06 cm C Adding 0.04 cm

56. A vernier calipers is shown in diagram below.

61. What is the reading of ammeter

A. 0.27 A B. 0.54 A C. 2.7 A

Which one of the following statements is true about the experiment?

63. The accuracy of a measurement can be increased by

Which of the following is true about the archers ?

What is the function of the mirror?