15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I

EXPERIMENT BEYOND SYLLABUS

EXPERIMENT _14

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

AIM: To obtain the load characteristics of DC shunt generator.

APPARATUS:
Ammeter (MC) 0 – 1A / 2A 1 No.
Voltmeter (MC) 0 – 300 V 1 No.
Tachometer 1 No.
Rheostat 18 Ohm 1 No.
Rheostat 200 Ohm 1 No.
Rheostat 720 Ohm 1 No.

YOU NEED A DC MOTOR – DC SHUNT GENERATOR SET TO PERFORM THIS

EXPERIMENT.

THEORY: Student should write about the following:

1. Brief note of classification of DC generators.

2. Conditions for self-excitation.
3. Brief note on Armature reaction and its effects.
4. A note on load characteristics.
5. Definition of critical field resistance and its significance.
6. Method of measuring the critical field resistance.
7. Critical speed and its significance.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE: Load characteristics:

1. Make Connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With all the rheostats in respective positions and the load switch S2
open, close the DC supply switch S1. Cut –out the 18 Ohm rheostat
gradually and if necessary vary the 200 Ohm rheostat slowly and bring
the DC motor to its rated speed.
3. Gradually increase the excitation by varying the 700 ohm rheostat in
the field winding of the generator and excite the generator to its rated
voltage. The voltmeter across the armature indicated the rated voltage.
4. The generator is now ready to be loaded. Note down the voltmeter and

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15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I

ammeter readings in the tabular column provided. Close the switch S2

7. Load the generator in steps. At every load, adjust the speed of the
generator to rated value by adjusting the field rheostat of DC motor. At
every load note down all the meter readings. The generator can be
loaded up to its rated current.
8. Reduce the load gradually, reduce the excitation of the DC generator,
and reduce the speed of the motor by adjusting the rheostats.
9. Open the DC supply switch S1.

PROCEDURE MEASUREMENT OF ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

1. Make connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With the lamp load in off position, close the supply switch S.
3. Put the load in steps and every load note down the meter readings
4. Reduce the load, open the switch.

TABULAR COLUMN:

OBSERVATIONS:

NAME PLATE DETAILS

DC GENERATOR DC MOTOR
Rating Rating
Voltage Voltage
Current Current
Field winding Field winding
voltage voltage
Field current Field current
Speed Speed

Load characteristics:
S. No Terminal Load Field
Voltage Current Current
VL IL If

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15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I

Armature Resistance:
S.No Voltage V volts Current I Amps Resistance = V / I Ohms
.
1
2
3
Armature Resistance Ra Average
Resistance at full load = 1.25 X Resistance measured.

CALCULATIONS:

Armature Current Ia = Load current IL + Field Current If

Armature Voltage drop = Ia Ra

Induced emf in the armature Eg = Terminal Voltage VL + Armature resistance drop Ia Ra

After doing the above calculations for all the load conditions prepare a table to indicated the
observations and calculations together.

GRAPH: Following are the Load characteristics of DC shunt generators:

Terminal Voltage Vs Load current – External characteristics

Induced Voltage Vs Armature current – Internal characteristics

External
Characteristics
VL Vs IL Internal
Characteristics
Voltage

Eg Vs Ia
Armature
resistance drop

O Load
Current IL
Armature
Current Ia

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B.I.T., Bangalore – 560 004 Page 3
15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I
REULSTS: he load characteristics for the give DC shunt generator are plotted.

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B.I.T., Bangalore – 560 004 Page 4
 15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I

0–
20 A
+ MC

A
720
220 Ohm
18 Ohm Ohm
Cut-Out
Cut-In Cut-In
L
+ Z A
+ Z
V A M
A P
V 0 – 300V
-
- MC
230 Volt,
S M S L
G + O
DC Supply
ZZ + Z V A
Z 0– D
A A
AA 300 V
A
MC

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE LOAD TEST ON SHUNT GENERATOR

Department of Electrical &Electronics Engineering

B.I.T., Bangalore – 560 004 Page 5
15EEL38 ELECTRICAL LAB – I

+ LAMP LOAD
0–2A A
MC -

A
- +
S V
V 0 – 15V
230 Volt,
DC Supply - MC

AA

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ARMATURE RESISTANCE

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B.I.T., Bangalore – 560 004 Page 6