Electrical Machines Lab - 2

EXPT. No:
DATE:
LOAD TEST ON D.C. SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To determine the load characteristics of D.C. Shunt motor by direct

loading method.

APPARATUS:
Meter : Range Quantity
Ammeter (MC) : 0 – 20 A 1 No.
Voltmeter (MC) : 0 – 300 V 1 No.
Rheostats : 18 Ohm 1 each
200 Ohm
Tachometer : 1No.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

THEORY: Student should write about the following:

1. Shunt Motor Characteristics and applications
2. Brake method of testing, it advantages and disadvantages.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. With 18 Ohms rheostat in cut-in position, 200 Ohms rheostat cut – out
position and the spring balance reading zero, the supply switch is closed.
3. The motor speed is brought to the rated value by cutting out the 18 Ohm
rheostat and if necessary adding some resistance from the 200 Ohm
rheostat.
4. The motor is under no load condition, the meter readings and the speed of
the motor are noted down in the tabular column.
5. Before loading the motor, pour some water into the brake drum to reduce
the heat due to friction between the belt and brake drum.
6. Load the motor in steps and at every load note down all readings in the
tabular column. Motor can be loaded up to its rated value
7. Load on the motor is reduced, speed of the motor is decrease and the
supply switch is opened.
8. The radius of brake drum can be calculated by measuring the
circumference.

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Lab - 2

0 – 20 A
MC
A
+ -
220 Ohm
Cut-Out 18 Ohm
Cut-In

+
+ Z S1
V S2
A
V 0 – 300V
-
- MC
230 Volt,
S M
DC Supply
ZZ
Brake
AA drum

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE DIRECT LOAD TEST (BRAKE TEST) ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Lab - 2

OBSERVATIONS:
NAME PLATE DETAILS
Rating :
Rated Voltage :
Rated Input current :
Rated field current :
Rated load speed :

TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Input Input Speed, N Scale reading S1 ~

No. Voltage, Current, I rpm in Kg S2
V Volt Amp S1 S2 Kg

Circumference of brake drum = cm.

CALCULATIONS:

Radius of the brake drum, R = Circumference / 2π

Torque in Kg –m = (S1 ~ S2) X radius R in meter.

Torque in N –m = (S1 ~ S2) X radius R in meter X 9.81

2𝜋𝑁
Output of Motor in Watt = Torque in N-m X , where N is the speed in rpm.
60

Input to Motor in Watt = V X I

Percent Efficiency = Output x 100 / input

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Lab - 2

Horse Power = Output / 746

After calculating all the above parameters for different loads, the parameters
must be tabulated.

Graphs:
Following graphs are to be plotted from the calculations:
1. Speed Vs H.P
2. Torque Vs H.P ALL GRAPHS SHOULD BE PLOTTED
3. Efficiency Vs H.P ON A SINGLE GRAPH SHEET.
4. Current Vs H.P TAKE HP ALONG X AXIS.

5. Torque Vs Speed ON A SEPARATE GRAPH SHEET

RESULT:

Student should discuss the test results very briefly indicating the graphs
plotted. They should also comment on the performance of the motor using
the graphs plotted.

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Lab - 2

Sample graphs:

1 – Torque
2 – Speed
3 – Efficiency
2 4 4 - Current

HP
Torque, T

Speed
S

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004
 Electrical Machines Lab - 2

Answer the following questions:

1. Why the d.c motor requires a starter.

2. What is the function of the 18 Ohm rheostat connected in the given circuit
diagram.
3. Why the terminal voltage of the generator is maintained constant during the
loading?
4. Why the motors are not operated to develop maximum power in practice?
5. Why the shaft torque is always less than that developed by the armature of a
motor?
6. How are the inter poles wound in a (i) generator (ii) motor?
7. What type of d.c. motor is used in electric traction and why?
8. What happens if the field terminals are reversed in the d.c. shunt motor?
9. What happens if the armature terminals are reversed in the d.c. shunt motor?
10.What happens if the line terminals of the shunt motors are reversed?
11.What happens if the d.c. series motor is started on no load?

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Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560 004