Experiment-VI

FAULT ANALYSIS (LL, LLLG) ON A THREE PHASE UNLOADED

ALTERNATOR

Aim:
To determine fault current on an unloaded alternator where the fault is
created by fault Impedance (Zf).

Apparatus Required:
S.No. Name of the Component Specifications Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Rheostats
4 SPST Switch
5 Multimeter
6 Connecting Wires

Name Plate Details of Synchronous Machine:

Rated Output: No. of Phases:
Rated Voltage: Rated Speed:
Rated Current: No. of poles:
Supply frequency: Type of rotor:
Circuit Diagram:
 For LL-G Fault without Fault Impedance (Zf):
3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A
+
D
P
S
T A
SPST Switch
220V S Z N
DC Supply W
I
#
T
C AA
A
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
- A

+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.1

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 For LL-G Fault with Fault Impedance (Zf):
3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A
+
D
P
S
T A
Zf SPST Switch
220V S Z N
DC Supply W
I
#
T
C AA
A
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
- A

+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.2

 For LLL-G Fault without Fault Impedance (Zf):

3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A A
+
D
P
S
T A
SPST Switch
Z N
220V
DC Supply
S
W
I
# A

T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
- A

+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.3

 For LLL-G Fault with Fault Impedance (Zf):

3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A A
+
D
P
S
T A
Zf SPST Switch
Z N
220V
DC Supply
S
W
I
# A

T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
- A

+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.4

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 PROCEDURE:

 For LL-G Fault with and without Fault Impedance (Zf):

1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.1.

2. Switch on the supply and close the DPST Switch.
3. Adjust the speed of the motor to rated speed by varying the field
rheostat.
4. Vary the excitation of alternator to minimum position and close the
SPST switch.
5. Slowly increase the excitation until the fault current is equal to rated
current of alternator and note down the line and phase voltages.
6. Repeat the above procedure for fig.2 by considering the fault with
fault impedance Zf.

 For LLL-G Fault with and without Fault Impedance (Zf):

1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.3.

2. Switch on the supply and close the DPST Switch.
3. Adjust the speed of the motor to rated speed by varying the field
rheostat.
4. Vary the excitation of alternator to minimum position and close the
SPST switch.
5. Slowly increase the excitation until the fault current is equal to rated
current of alternator and note down the line and phase voltages.
6. Repeat the above procedure for fig.4 by considering the fault with
fault impedance Zf.
Tabular Column:
Fault Type of Pre-fault Fault
S.No. VRN VYN VBN VRY VYB VBR
Impedance(Zf) fault voltage Current

1 LL-G
Without
2 LLL-G
3 LL-G
With
4 LLL-G

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RESULT:

Viva-Voce Questions:
1. What are internal and external faults?
2. What is difference between fuse and breaker?
3. What is the bundle conductor and why is used?
4. How to set the operating time of the relay?

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