Experiment-III

DETERMINATION OF POSITIVE, NEGATIVE AND ZERO

SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
Aim: To determine experimentally the positive, negative and Zero sequence
reactance of a synchronous machine.
Apparatus Required:
S.No. Name of the Component Specifications Quantity
1 Voltmeter
2 Ammeter
3 Wattmeter
4 Rheostat
5 Tachometer
6 Connecting Wires

Name Plate Details of Synchronous Machine:

Rated Output: No. of Phases:
Rated Voltage: Rated Speed:
Rated Current: No. of poles:
Supply frequency: Type of rotor:
Circuit Diagram:
 To Determine Positive Sequence Impedance(Z1):
1. Open Circuit Test:
3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A
+
D
P
S
T A

220V Z
DC Supply
S
W
I
# N V

T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
-
+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.1

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 2. Short Circuit Test:
3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A
+
D
P
S
T A

220V Z
DC Supply
S
W
I
# N A

T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse B
Y
-
+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.2
 To Determine Negative Sequence Impedance(Z2):
3-Point Starter
R
Fuse L F A
+
D
P
S
T A

Z
220V
DC Supply
S
W
I
# N V

T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse B V C
Y
- L M
A

+
A
X
220V
DC Supply

XX

-
Fig.3
 To Determine Zero Sequence Impedance(Z0):
3-Point Starter
R Y B Ph
Fuse L F A
+ A
D
P
S
T A 230V,
Single
S Z V Phase,
W
I
# 50Hz,
AC Supply
T
C AA
H ZZ
Fuse
- N
Single Phase
X XX Variac

Fig.4

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Procedure:
 To Determine Positive Sequence Impedance(Z1):
1. Open circuit test :
1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.1.
2. The field current is varied using the field rheostat and the
corresponding no load voltage values are presented in Table.
3. The open circuit characteristics are plotted between no-load voltages
versus field current.
2. Short circuit Test :
1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.2.
2. The field current is varied using the field rheostat and the
corresponding short circuit current values are presented in table.
3. The short circuit characteristics are plotted between short circuit
current versus field current.
 To Determine Negative Sequence Impedance(Z2):
1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.3.
2. The field current is varied till the ammeter shows the rated field current
of synchronous machine.
3. The corresponding readings of open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit
current (ISC) and power are noted presented in table.
 To Determine Zero Sequence Impedance(Z0):
1. The connections are made as shown in the fig.4.
2. By using single phase variac, a rated current is applied and the
voltmeter and ammeter readings are noted.
Tabular Column:
 To Determine Positive Sequence Impedance(Z1):
1. Open circuit test :
Field Current(IF), Amps Open Circuit Voltage(VOC), Volts

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 2. Short circuit Test :
Field Current(IF), Amps Short Circuit Current(ISC), Amps

 To Determine Negative Sequence Impedance(Z2):

Rated Field Open Circuit Short Circuit Output
Current(IF), Voltage (VOC), Current (ISC), Power (P)
Amps Volts Amps Watts

 To Determine Zero Sequence Impedance(Z0):

Rated Field Current(IF), Phase Voltage (VO), Phase Current (IO),
Amps Volts Amps

Expected Graph:
Open Circuit
Characteristics (OCC)
Curve
Short Circuit Current, ISC(Amps)
Open Circuit Voltage,VOC(Volts)

Short Circuit
VOC Characteristics
(SCC)
Curve
I SC

I f (Rated)

Field Current, If (Amps)

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List of Formulas:
 To Determine Positive Sequence Impedance(Z1):
𝑉𝑂𝐶
From the graph: 𝑍1 =
𝐼𝑆𝐶

 To Determine Negative Sequence Impedance(Z2):

𝑉𝑂𝐶
𝑍2 =
𝐼𝑆𝐶

 To Determine Negative Sequence Impedance(Z0):

𝑉𝑂
𝑍0 =
𝐼0 ⁄3

Result:

Viva-Voce Questions:
1. What is significance of sequence impedances in power system?
2. What is the effect of short circuit on synchronous machine?

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