BRAKE TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

Aim:
Obtain the performance characteristics of DC series motor

Name plate details:

Voltage
Current
Output
Field
R.P.M
Apparatus:

S.No Name of the apparatus Type Range Quantity

1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Rheostat
4. Tachometer
5. Connecting wires

General Theory:

DC Machines can be tested by three different methods namely Direct Method, Indirect Method and
Regenerative Method. Direct Method of testing of DC Machine, also known as Brake Test (if carried out for a
DC Motor).

Direct method is suitable for small DC machines. In Direct Method, the DC machine is subjected to rated
load and the entire output power is wasted. The ratio of output power to the input power gives the Efficiency
of DC Machine. For a DC Generator the output power is wasted in resistor.

Belt around the air cooled pulley has its end attached to the spring balance S1 and S2. Using belt tightening
hand wheels H1 and H2, the load of motor is adjusted to its rated value. Assuming the spring balance to be
calibrated in kilogram, then rated load on the DC motor is given as

Torque on the pulley (T) = 9.81*(S1~S2)*r N-m

Where ‘r’ is the radius of the pulley in meters
S1 & S2 are spring balance readings in Kg
Power output = 2πNT/60 watts
Where N is the speed in RPM
Power input = V*IL watts
Where ‘V’ is the voltage across the motor and IL’ is the current drawn from the motor
% Efficiency (%) = (Output/Input)*100
Circuit diagram:

2-POINT STARTER

L A

Y S1 S2
A

D YY
A
P
220V
DC S
V M
SUPPLY
T AA
Brake Drum

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram

2. Check the belt on the pulley is free so that there is no load on the pulley
3. Closed DPST switch and start the motor slowly using the starter
4. Adjust the field current with field rheostat so that the motor runs at its rated speed
5. Apply load on the pulley gradually in steps, tightening the belt around it.
6. Take the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter connected to the motor and two spring balance
readings and the speed at every step.
7. Continue the experiment till full load of the motor is reached.
8. Remove load upto 50% of full load and switch of the supply
9. Tabulate the observations.

Precautions:

1. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.

2. At the time of starting, the motor should be in MINIMUM LOAD condition.
3. Cool the pulley by using water while the experiment is performed.
4. While measuring the radius of the pulley effective radius must be considered

Observations:

Spring balance Output

Voltage Current Speed readings Torque = Input= %=
S.No
(V) (I) (N) (T) 2πNT/60 V*I Output/input
S1 S2 S1~S2
(watts)
Expected Graph:

N
%η N I T T

I
%η

O/P

Result:

Vivo-Questions:

1. Why the series motor never start in NO-LOAD condition?

2. What are the applications of series motor?
3. Why the series field winding having thick and less turns?