BTEE-413-18 Electrical Machines-II Laboratory

Experiment no: 3

AIM: To plot the performance characteristics of a 3 phase induction motor.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the performance of a 3 phase induction motor when the load changes.
APPARATUS:
Parameters of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor from name plate:
Rated Power:
Rated Voltage:
Rated Current:
Rated Speed:
Sr. No. Equipment/Apparatus Qty
1 Ammeter : 0-5A MI type 1
2 Voltmeter: 0-600V MI type 1
3 Wattmeter: 600V/10A UPF 2
4 Tachometer 1
5 3-phase Variac, 6 A 1

THEORY:
Slip
There is an important point about induction motors, that, the coil must traverse a magnetic field to make
current flow through the coil. To that end, there must be a relative speed difference between the magnetic
field and coil. Because of this speed difference, the motor rotates at a speed slightly slower than the
synchronous speed. This speed difference from the synchronous speed is called slip and is indicated by the
symbol s. Slip s is expressed with the following formula:
𝑁 −𝑁
% slip = 𝑠𝑁 X100
𝑠
N: Rotor rotating speed [rpm] NS: Synchronous rotating speed [rpm]. Slip is normally expressed in
percentage. Slip of a power induction motor is 2 to 5% when the motor is operated under the rated load.
Torque:
For finding the tqoque mechanical loading using brake drum is used in laboratories. A brake drum is
coupled to the shaft of the motor and the load is applied by tightening the belt provided on the brake drum.
The net force that is exerted at the brake drum is in kg and is obtained from the readings S1 and S2 of the
spring balances.
Output+ Torque X speed
Thus the speed of the motor does not vary appreciably with load. Torque will increade with increasing load.
Net force, W = (S1 - S2) kg
Then, load torque, T = W X r kg-m = 9.81 X W X r N-m
Where r is the effective radius of the brake drum/pulley in meters.
Output power:
The output power in watts developed by the motor is given by:
Power Output, Po = 2πNT/60 watts
Where N is the speed of motor in rpm.
Input power:
The input power in a three phase circuit is measured by two-wattmeter method.
Power Input, Pi = (W1+W2)
Where, W1 and W2 are the readings of the two wattmeters.
Power factor:
The powerfactor of induction motor on no load is very low. It is low due to the high value of the
magnetizing current. With the increase in load the powerfactor increases. The low powerfactor at no load
is one of the disadvantages of a SQIM. The input powerfactor can be calculated by the measured values of
input power by the wattmeters. If ɸ is the powerfactor angle, then
BTEE-413-18 Electrical Machines-II Laboratory
Experiment no: 3

𝑊1 −𝑊2
tan ɸ = √3
𝑊1 +𝑊2
knowing the powerfactor angle (ɸ) the power factor (cosɸ) can be calculated.
Efficiency:
The percentage efficiency (ɳ%) of the motor,
𝑃
ɳ%=𝑃𝑜 X 100
𝑖
The full load efficiency of 3 phase induction motor lies in the range of 72% for small motors and 82% for
large motors.
Speed:
When the induction motor is on no-load speed is slightly below synchronous speed. The current due to the
induced emf in the rotor winding is responsible for production of torque required at no-load. As the load
increases the rotor speed is slightly reduced. The emf induced in the rotor circuit causes the current to
increase to produce higher torque, until the developed torque is equal to torque requird by load on motor.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Circuit connections for load test on three phase Squirrel Cage Induction motor

PROCEDURE :

1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram shown in figure 1.

2. 3-Ф induction motor is started with DOL starter.
3. If the pointer of one of the wattmeter readings reverses, inter change the current coil
terminals and Take the reading as negative.
4. The no load readings are taken.
5. The motor is loaded step by step till we get the rated current and the readings of the voltmeter,
ammeter, wattmeter’s, spring balance are noted.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. TPST switch is kept open initially.
2. There must be no load when starting the load.

OBERVATION TABLE
Synchronous speed: _______rpm
Constant of wattmeter W1: ____________
Constant of wattmeter W2: ____________
Radius of pulley: _______m
BTEE-413-18 Electrical Machines-II Laboratory
Experiment no: 3

Sr. No Supply Stator Wattmeter Readings Reading of Spring Speed

Voltage V Current (rpm)
(volts) I (amps)
1. W1 W2 S1 S2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Formulae Used:
Input Power =(W1+W2) watts
%slip= (Ns-N/Ns)*100
Power factor= Tan-1 [√3{(W1-W2)/(W1+W2)}]
Torque =9.81*(S1-S2)*r N-m
Output Power=2πNT/60 watts
%efficiency=(o/p power/i/p power)* 100
Calculation table:
Sr. Supply Input % Slip Power factor Torque Output % Efficiency
No Voltage V power Power
(volts) (watts) (N-m) (watts)

Plot the graph:

1. Output Power vs Efficiency 4. Output Power vs % slip
2. Output Power vs Torque 5. Output Power vs power-factor
3. Output Power vs Speed
The expected shape of the graphs is

RESULT:

CONCLUSION: