2.

Poly phase IM windings

Introduction

• The winding of a machine is the arrangement of

conductors' designed to produce emfs by relative
motion in a magnetic field.
• Electrical machines employ groups of conductors
distributed in slots over the periphery of the
armature.
• The groups of conductors are connected in various
types of series-parallel combination to form
armature winding.
• The conductors are connected in series so as to
increase the voltage rating.
• They are connected in parallel to increase the
current rating.
Terminologies associated with ac windings
- Conductor: a length of wire which takes active
part in the energy converting process.
- Turn: One turn of wire consists of two conductors.
- Coil: A coil may consist of a single turn or may
consist of many turns, placed in almost similar
magnetic position, connected in series.
- Coil-Side: A coil consists of two coil sides, which
are placed in two different slots, and are almost a
pole pitch apart.
Coil and a coil group
- Pole pitch: The peripheral distance between
identical points on the two adjacent poles. It is
always equal to 1800 electrical.
- Coil span or coil pitch: The distance between two
coil sides of a coil. It is usually measured in terms of
teeth, slots or electrical degrees.
- Chorded coil: If the coil span is equal to the pole
pitch, then the coil is termed as a full pitch coil. In
case the coil pitch is less than pole pitch, then it is
called chorded, shorten, or fractional pitch coil.
- Phase belt: the group of adjacent slots belonging
to one phase under one pole-pair. ( Phase band,
phase group)
- Phase spread: the angle subtended by one phase-
belt is called phase spread, σ
 Consider the case of a 12- 1
A

slot armature having two 12 2

e1
poles and wound for three 11 e12 e2
e3
3

phases as shown in the C e11

fig. If the flux density wave 10 e10 e4 4

e5
shape is considered to be 9
e9
e8 e6 5
e7
sinusoidal, the emfs of the
conductors in the adjacent 8
7
6

slots can be represented

B e e4
as phasors displaced from 3

each other by an angle αs e2

EA
(electrical) . EC
e1
e12 1200

1200
e11 e5

P  e10 e9 1200

s   radian  30 e6

S 6
e7

EB e8
 SEQUENCE of PHASES AND PHASE BELT

In poly phase windings it is essential that,

• The generated emfs of all the phases are of equal
magnitude;
• The wave forms of the phase emfs are identical;
• The frequency of the phase emfs are equal and
• The phase emfs have mutual time-phase
displacement of β = 2π/m electrical radians; where m
is the no. of phases.
 If the winding is divided into three groups
(one for each phase) spread over two pole
pitches, the electrical displacement in space
between the groups is 2/3 electrical radian
or 1200 electrical.
 Each phase is located in four consecutive
slots and so the phase spread is 4 x 300 =
1200 electrical.
 If the conductors in the slots are connected
as per the phasor diagram (in additive
arrangement), the summation of conductor
emfs would give three emfs displaced 1200 in
time, following a phase sequence of ABC in
time. The space sequence is also 1200.
• The conductors in adjacent slots 1,2,3 and 4 belong
to phase A, Forming phase belt, phase band, phase
group of phase A.
• Similarly, conductors 5,6,7, and 8 and conductors
9,10,11,and 12 form phase belts of phase B and
phase C respectively.
• Sequence of phase belt
• Let us Consider the case of a 12-slot armature having two
poles and wound for three phases.
• The 12 conductors can be used to obtain three-phase single
layer winding having a phase spread of 600.

•The coil span : Ys = S/p = 12/2 = 6

•Slot angular pitch: αs = 2π/S = 2π/12 = 300

Thus for a phase spread of 600, two adjacent slots must belong to the
same phase. Therefore,
 A
 Conductors of phase A coil groups are B’
placed in slots, 1,2 and 7,8. 12
1
2

 Conductors of phase B are placed in 11 e12

e1
e2 3
slots 5,6 and 11,12. e11
e3 C’

 Conductors of phase C are placed in 10 e10 e4 4

slots 3,4 and 9,10. C

e9 e5
9 e8 e6
 Conductors in slot 7,8 are return e7 5

conductors for conductors in slots 1,2. 8 6

7 B
 Conductors in slots 11,12 are return
conductors for conductors in slots 5,6. A’
-e8

 Conductors in slots 3,4 are return -e7

EA

conductors for conductor in slots 9,10.

e2
 If the conductors were connected as
represented by the phasor diagram , we e1

would still get three equal emfs

displaced by 1200 in time, following a EC
e5

phase sequence A C` B A` C B` in e10 e9

e6

space for a phase sequence of A B C -e4 -e3

-e11

supply voltage. -e12

EB
• In this winding diagram, phase belt consisting of conductors in slot 1
and 2 are designated by A whereas, the phase belt made up of return
conductors 7,8 is denoted by –A.
• For a three phase winding, phase B must start 1200 away from start of
phase A and phase C must start 1200 away from phase B.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2

-C -A -B
A B C
TYPES OF AC MACHINES WINDINGS

 There are two basic physical types for

ac machine windings. They behave
differently with arrangements of coils in
sequence around the armature.
 The two types are:
1.Single layer winding and
2.Double layer winding
 1. SINGLE LAYER WINDING

• The fig. below shows an arrangement for a

single layer winding. In this type of winding
arrangement, one coil side of a coil occupies
the whole slot.

Coil
side
• Single layer windings are not used for machines
having commutator. Single layer winding allow the
use of semi-closed and closed types of slots.

TYPES OF SINGEL LAYER WINDINGES

• The three most common types of single layer

windings are
1.Concentric windings ( Unequal coil span)
2.Chain windings (equal coil span)
3.Mush windings (equal coil span)
 CONCENTRIC WINDING
 Three-phase
concentric winding A coil-group with 3-coils
consists of coil
groups laid in the q
slots so that all the
coils of each group Y1
are concentric. 1
2
Y2
11
12

3 Y3
10
Jumper
 That is, the coil with
the smallest slot
pitch is surrounded
by the coil with the Start Finish
(S) (F)
next larger slot pitch
and so on to make
up a coil group.
 Each coil consists of several turns and the
cross-over from one coil to the next is
indicated by a short slanted line (jumper).
 In order to construct the diagram for a
winding, the following date must be known:
S - The number of slots in the stator
P – The number of poles
m – The number of phases
YS – The pitch of the winding
a – The number of parallel circuits in the
windings
 The pitch of the winding is determined by the
formula
S
YS 
P
 The pitch is the distance between two sides of a
coil expressed as the difference between the
numbers of the slots in which the sides lie.
 Another important value of the winding of ac
machines is the number of slot per phase per pole
denoted by the letter q. It can be determined by the
formula
S
q
Pm
 Sometimes q is called a pole-phase group,
and is defined as a group of coils of a phase
under one pole.
 The number of slots per pole per phase in
concentric winding can be seen directly
from the diagram. It is equal to the number
of coils in a coil group.
 CONNECTTNG COIL GROUPS INTO PHASES
 As soon as all the coils have been laid in the slots, the
coil groups are connected in to phases.
 Each group is provided with two leads for the start and
finish of the group.
 The total number of leads is therefore twice the number
of coil groups.
 A stator winding must have six leads brought out to the
terminal panel; these leads being the beginnings and
ends of the three phases.
 All the reaming leads must be interconnected in the
respective phases with in the winding.
 It is now necessary to decide in order to determine the
beginnings and ends of each phase.
 IN GENERAL TWO MAINS RULES ARE
FOLLOWED
 The distance between the beginning of the
phase and the distance between the
beginning of another phase must be equal
to 120 electrical degrees.
 Any slot can be chosen as the beginning
of the first phase.
 The coil groups in each phase should be
interconnected by joining there unlike
leads, i.e. start to finish, or finish to start.
 Example 1
• Given
S=24; p=4;m=3; a=1; type=Concentric
a) The number of coil groups,K
P 4
K  3   3   6 i.e. there is two coil groups per phase
2 2
b)The number of slots per pole per phase, q
S 24
q  2 i.e. there are two coils in a group
m  p 3 4

c) Coil pitch
S 24
YS   6 Full-Pitch ( average pitch)
p 4

coil pitch The shorter = YS-1=6-1=5

The larger coil pitch = YS+1=6+1=7
 d) The electrical angle, 

  180  P  180  4  720

e) The angle between adjacent slots, 
 720
   30
S 24
f) The distance between the beginning of each phase, 

120 120
   4 slots
 30 

If the beginning of Phase A is slot 1, then the beginning

of phase B is slot 1+=5 and the beginning of phase C is
slot 1+2=1+8=9
 Phase sequence
A
C’
B’ 600

C B

A’
A A C C B B A A C C B B A A C C B B A A C C B B
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’
connection Diagrams
Phase B
Phase A Phase C
B
A C

5 12
I
1 +7 8
II 9 16
2 +5 7 6 11 III
10 15

17 24
13 +7
IV
20
V 21 4
14 +5 19 18 23 VI
22 3

B’
A’ C’
 Coil Groups of Phase A
 The first and second slots will be occupied by left-hand
sides of the first coil group of phase A.
 Leave four, or 2q slots free for other two phases
occupy
slots 7 & 8 with the right hand side of the first coil
group.
 Next to it will lie a second coil group of the same size
which occupies slots 9,10,15,16.

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
 Coil Groups of Phase B
 In order to find, where the  The angle between adjacent
second phase (B) should slots, 
begin, it is necessary to  720
   30
know the angle between S 24
slots in electrical degrees.
 The distance between phase
=180.P = 180.4 = 7200 –
beginnings will have
Electrical degree
120 120
   4 slots
 30

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
 Coil Groups of Phase C
21 4
22 3

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

22 3

21 4
 Current direction

N S N S
1-6 7-12 13-18 19-24
21 4

22 3

1 3
N 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

S N S
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

22 3

21 4
Phase A – Coil groups interconnection
• Connection of other two phases is exactly similar to
that of phase A.
• The three phases interconnection within the phase
coil groups and completed end terminals of the motor
winding is as follows:-
21 4

22 3

1 3
N 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

S N S
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

22 3

21 4

A C’ B C A’ B’
 MUSH WINDING
 This winding is very commonly used for small induction
motors having circular conductors.
 This is a single layer winding where all the coils have
same span (unlike the concentric winding where coils
have different spans).
 Each coil is wound on a former, making one coil side
shorter than the other.
 The winding is put on the core by dropping the
conductors, one by one into previously insulated slots.
 The short coil sides are placed first and then the long coil
sides. The long and short coil sides occupy alternate
slots.
 It will be also observed that the ends of coil situated in
adjacent slots cross each other i.e. proceed to left and
right alternatively.
 That is why sometimes it is known as a basket winding.
MUSH WINDING

Coil pitch
Basket winding
 Points to be remembered
The following should be kept in mind while designing a
mush winding, that is
 The coils have a constant span.
 There is only one coil side per slot and therefore the
number of coil sides are equal to number of slots.
 There is only one coil group per phase per pole pair and
therefore, the maximum number of parallel paths per
phase is equal to pole pair.
 The coil span should be odd. Thus for a 4 pole 36 slot
machine, coil span should be 36/4=9 while for a 4 pole
24 slot machine, the coil span should not be 24/4=6; it
should be either 5 or 7 slots. This because a coil consists
of a long and a short coil side. The long and short coil
sides are placed in alternate slots and hence one coil will
be in an even numbered slot and the other in an odd
numbered slot giving a coil span which is an odd integer.
 Example 2
Given data
S=12; p=2;m=3; a=1; type=Mush

Solution
a) The number of coil groups, K
P 2
K  3  3  3 i.e. there is one coil group per phase
2 2
b) The number of slots per pole per phase, q
S 12
q  2 i.e. there are two coils in a group
m  p 3 2
c) Coil pitch
S 12
YS   6 Full-Pitch
p 2

This is an even number and hence the winding is not possible with an
even coil span . There fore , it is shortened by one slot and a coil span
of 5 slots is used.
 d)The electrical angle, 

  180  P  180  2  360

e) The angle between adjacent slots, 

 360
   30
S 12
f) The distance between the beginning of each phase, 

120 120
   4 slots
 30 

g) If the beginning of Phase A is slot 1, then the beginning of phase

B is slot 1+=5 and the beginning of phase C is slot 1+2=1+8=9
Phase sequence
A
C’
B’ 60 0

C B

A’

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A A C’ C’ B B A’ A’ C C B’ B’
 Connection Diagrams

Phase B
Phase A B Phase C
A C

1
+5
8 L 5 12 L 9 4 L
+5
2 7 R 6 11 R 10 3 R

A’
B’ C’
 Coil group of Phase A
• Lay down coil-group belonging to phase A inside
the slots 1,2 and 7,8.

8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
 Coil group of Phase B
12
5

8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8

5
12
 Coil group of Phase C
12
5
10
3
8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
3
10
5
12
 Current direction
N S
1-6 7-12
12
5
10
3
8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

N S
2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
3
10
5
12
 Phase A: Coil group interconnection

12
5
10
3
8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

N S
2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
3
10
5
12
 Phase A & B:
Coil group interconnections
12
5
10
3
8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

N S
2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
3
10
5
12
 Phase A,B & C
Coil group interconnections and
Terminals
12
5
10
3
8
1
1 3 5 7 9 11

N S
2 4 6 8 10 12
1
8
3
10
5
12

A C’ B A’ C B’
 CHAIN WINDING
• In all aspects, this winding is similar to that of mush
winding except that both coil sides of a coil have
equal length and diamond shape.

1 3 5 7

2 4 6
 Example 3
• Using the data and the solution of Example 2,
construct the single-layer chain winding diagram.
• Connection diagrams
Phase C
Phase B C
Phase A
A B

+5 10 3 R
2 7 R 6 11 R
1 +5 8 L 9 4 L
5 12 L

A’
C’
B’
 Connection of phases A,B and C
and End terminals

10 3

8 12 1
5

1 3 5 7 9 11

2 4 6 8 10 12

8 5
12 1
10 3

A C’ B A’ C B’
 DOUBLE LAYER Three phase WINDING
Double layer windings differ from single layer winding mainly on the
following main points:
 Each slot is occupied by the side of two coils and each coil is
arranged to form two layer round stator.
 One layer of the winding lies in the bottom half of the slots and the
other in the top half of slots.
 Unlike the concentric winding double layer winding consists of
identical coils all of the same shape and pitch.
 In a double layer winding, the coil pitch is the distance between the
top and the bottom sides of the coil expressed by the number of
slots spanned or by the coil sides or by the number of slots
occupied by each coil side.
 A coil pitch may be full or fractional. Majority stator windings use a
fractional pitch because
 The amount of copper used in the overhang (end winding)
reduced and hence a saving on copper, and
 The magnitude of certain harmonics in the emf and also mmf is
suppresed.
The full pitch is determined by
S
YS 
P
Usually the full pitch is shortened by one-sixth i.e. for
example if the full pitch is 12 a fractional will be 10.
 Since the coils are wound with a continuous length of
wire there are no connections between turns.
 In ac machine winding, if the number of slots per pole
per phase q = S/mp is an integer, then the winding is
called integral slot winding.
 In case the number of slots per pole per phase is not
an integer, the winding is called fractional slot
winding.
• Examples
Given: a) S = 24, p = 4, m = 3, then
q = S/mp = 24/(3x4) = 2, is an integer.
( Integral-slot winding)
b) S = 30, p = 4, m = 3, then
q = S/mp = 30/(3x4) = 5/2 = 2 12 is not
an integer.
(fractional-slot winding)
• Fig. pertaining to double layer, full pitch
integral- slot winding

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4

A1 -A1
 The main value characterizing double layer winding is the number
of slots per pole per phase.
S
q
Pm

 By looking double layer winding externally, it is not possible to

determine q.
 The total number of coils in double layer winding is equal to the
number of slots since each side of a coil occupies one half of a
slot which is equivalent to occupying one full slot per coil.
 In order to avoid making solder joints between coils, several coils,
depending upon slots per pole per phase, are generally wound
from a single length of wire in to full coil group.
 The number of coil groups per phase is a equal to the number of
poles of the whole winding. That is
K K  mP
P
m

 This is, twice that in a single-layer winding which is K = (mp)/2.

Example 4
Given:- S = 12; p = 2; m = 3; a = 1; type = Double layer, shortened
by one slot

Solution
a) The number of coil groups, K

K  3 P  3 2  6 i.e. there is two coil groups per phase

b) The number of slots per pole per phase, q

S 12 i.e. there are two coils in a group
q  2
m  p 3 2
and is Integral-slot winding
c) Coil pitch
S 12
YS   6 Full-Pitch
p 2
 Let us shorten the pitch by one slot and make YS = 5.

d) The electrical angle, 

  180  P  180  2  360

e) The angle between adjacent slots, 

 360
   30
S 12
f) The distance between the beginning of each phase, 
120 120
   4 slots
 30 

If the beginning of Phase A is beginning of slot 1, then the phase

B is slot 1+=5 and the beginning of phase B is slot 1+2=1+8=9
 Connection Diagrams
Phase B
Phase A Phase C
A B
C
III
I +5 V
5 10'
+5 9 2'
1 6' +5
+5
6 11' +5
+5 10 3'
2 7'
VI II
IV
+5
11
+5
4'
3 +5 8'
7 12' +5
12 5'
+5 4 +5 9'
8 1'

B’ C’

A’
 PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTING
DOUBLE LAYER WINDINGS
 Draw 24 vertical lines to represent the two coil sides lying in each
of the 12 slots. For each slot the full line at the left hand side will
represent a top a coil side and broken line at the right hand side a
bottom coil side.

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'
 Phase A Coil groups

1'
8

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

1'
8
 Phase A & B Coil groups

11
4'
8 12 1'
5'

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

5'
12
1'
8
11 4'
 Phase A, B & C Coil groups
10 3'
11 2'
4'
8 12 9 1'
5'

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

5'
12
1'
8
11 4'
9 2'
10 3'
 Current direction
N S
1-6 7-12
10 3'
11 2'
4'
8 12 9 1'
5'

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

N S
5'
12
1'
8
11 4'
9 2'
10 3'
Each Phase coil groups interconnections &
End Terminal leads
10 3'
11 2'
4'
12 9 1'
8 5'

1 1' 2 2' 3 3' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' 12 12'

5'
12
1'
8
11 4'
9 2'
10 3'

A C’ B A’ C B’
 Rule for double layer windings
 The coil groups should be connected to each other by joining the
leads of like polarity i.e. the finish of one group to the finish of the
next group and the start of one group to the start of the next group.
 For full pitch integral-slot winding, each slot contains coil sides
belonging to the same phase.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4

Integral-slot, full pitch double layer -A1

A1
winding. (PHASE A)
 Advantages of double layer winding over
single layer windings
• Easier to manufacture and lower cost of the coils,
• Fractional-slot winding (slot per pole per phase is
not an integer) can be used,
• Corded winding is possible,
• Lower leakage reactance, and therefore, better
performance of the machine,
• Better emf wave form in case of generators.
 Integral-slot chorded winding
• Coil pitch in poly phase machines is usually less than pole-
pitch and such a winding arrangement is called short pitch or
chorded or fractional winding.
• Usually the coil pitch varies from 2/3 pole pitch to full pole
pitch.
• A coil span less than 2/3 pole pitch is not used in practice.
Because a chording more than 1/3 pole pitch would noticeably
reduce the phase emf.
• As explained earlier, advantages of short pitched,( chorded,
fractional) windings are:-

The amount of copper used in the overhang (end

winding) reduced and hence a saving on copper,
and
The magnitude of certain harmonics in the emf
and
also mmf is suppressed.
 Example 5
• Given:- S =12, p = 2, 600 phase spread, chorded by 5/6.
angle b/n adjacent slots α = 360/12 = 300
Full pole-pitch, Ys = S/p = 12/2 = 6 slots, i.e. 6x30 = 1800 elec.
chorded coil-pitch, Ys = 5/6 pole pitch, i.e. (5/6)x6 = 5 slots
slots perphase per pole, q = s/mp = 12/(3x2) = 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A B -A C -B
-C
Note that:-
• In integral full pitch winding, a slot contains coil sides
of the same phase.
• In integral chorded pitch winding, some slots contain
coil sides pertaining to different phases.
• Interconnection between the phase belts of chorded
three phase winding is done in a similar manner to
that explained earlier for full pitch winding.

Fractional slot winding

As explained previously, We frequently come across
windings in which the number of slots per phase per
pole is not a whole number.
The slots per pole per phase are expressed as a whole
number plus a fraction.
For example :
 A motor stator with 36 slots is wound for six poles.
Such a motor will have a speed near 1,000 rpm and the number of slots
per pole per phase is :-

36
q 2
6X 3
 If the same stator must be rewound for the lower speed of 750 rpm, i.e.,
for 8 poles, the number of slots per pole per phase will then be:-

36 1 3
q 1 
8X 3 2 2
 In induction motors such cases usually arise when
stators with the same number of slots are wound for
more than one number of poles.
 For fractional slot windings, however, from the view point
of symmetry, the number of slots must be divisible by the
number of phases. i.e 3.
 Limitations of fractional slot windings are
- It can be used only with double-layer windings
- The number of parallel circuits is limited
 The fractional-slot winding differs from the integral-slot
winding in that it must be composed of coil groups with
different numbers of coils and each phase must occupy
the same number of slots, otherwise the winding would
be unbalanced.

 Usually, the fractional-slot winding is a combination of

two types of coil groups:
  One in which the number of coils in the group is equal to the
integer part of the number of slots per pole per phase.
 The other in which the number of coils is one greater than in the
first type.
• If for example, the number of slots per pole per phase is 2 ½, the
winding will be built up of alternating coil groups containing two and
three coils each, every two-coil group being followed by a three-coil
group.
2-3-2-3-2-3…….

• Because of the alternation, the number of slots per pole per phase is:-

23 5 1 5
q  2 
2 2 2 2
• Sometimes the fractional number of slots per pole per phase is
expressed as an improper fraction, i.e.
c
q
d
In the example above, c=5 and d=2

To obtain a balanced or symmetrical winding, it is necessary

that S be equal to a whole number.
tm
Where, S - being the number of slots,
t - the largest common factor for S and P, and
m - the number of phases.
 Arranging fractional slot windings with the aid of
tables
 The coil groups in a fractional-slot winding are easily arranged
with the aid of a table.
 Taking a sheet of millimeter lined paper, the table is drawn with
as many horizontal lines as there are poles, and each line is
divided into 3C boxes, where C is the numerator of the
improper fraction representing the slots per pole per phase and
3 is no. of poles.
 The table is next divided by vertical lines forming three equal
columns for the thre phases with C boxes per phase.
 Following this, in ordinal succession, the boxes are filled in
with the numbers of the slots at intervals of d boxes, where d is
the denominator of the fraction expressing the number of slots
per pole per phase.
Example - 6
Given:- S = 27, p = 6, m = 3, q = 1½ = 3/2
Solution
The largest common factor t for S = 27 and p =6 is:-
27 = 3x3x3
6 = 2x3
then, t = 3 and S/(txm) = 27/(3x3) = 3 is a whole number.
1. draw a table where no. rows = no. of poles and each column of three
phases with C no. of sub columns.
where, C is the numerator of the improper fraction.
2. Fill the boxes starting from the extreme left top box with cross or
consecutive numbers (representing adjacent sots). Proceed to the right
marking crosses/numbers separated from each other by denominator of
the improper fraction of no. of slots per phase per pole.
No. Of PHASE A PHASE C PHASE B
Poles

N 1 2 3 4 5

S 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14
N
S 15 16 17 18

N 19 20 21 22 23

S 24 25 26 27

Table arranging coil groups for 600 elec. Phase spread.

 Winding table Interpretation
 Reading the table horizontally line by line, write
down the letter of the respective phase each time a
cross/number appears in its column.
 This reveals the following sequence of the coils of
each phase under consecutive poles.
AACBB, ACCB, AACBB, ACCB, AACBB, ACCB.
 Each letter indicates the coils of each phase, and
like letters succeeding one another indicate how
many coils of the same phase the group will contain.
 Thus, in our example, the sequence shows that it is
necessary to prepare nine groups of two coils each
and nine single coils.
 They will occupy (9x2)+9 = 27 slots with the
following arrangement.
 2,1,2; 1,2,1; 2,1,2; 1,2,1; 2,1,2; 1,2,1.
N S N S N S
Slots per pole per phase Coil group sequence for phase
sequence ACB
1½ (1-2), (1-2), (1-2), etc.
1¼ (1-1-1-2), (1-1-1-2), etc.
1¾ (1-2-2-2), (1-2-2-2), etc.
1 1/5 (1-1-1-1-2), (1-1-1-1-2), etc.
1 2/5 (2-1-2-1-1), (2-1-2-1-1), etc.
1 3/5 (1-2-1-2-2), (1-2-1-2-2), etc.
2½ (2-3), (2-3), etc.
3¼ (3-3-3-4), (3-3-3-4), etc.
4 1/5 (4 -4 -4 -4 -5), (4 -4 -4 -4 -5),etc.
Summary on Fractional-slot Winding
 When the integer before the fraction is greater than
unity, the numbers in the sequence table must be
that integer and a number increased by one.
 Thus, for example, when q = 1 ½ , the sequences will
contain repeating single and two-coil groups (1-2),
while in the case where q = 2 ½ the repeating
sequences will contain two-coil and three coil
groups (2-3).
 The number of integers in a period is equal to the
denominator d of the improper fraction expressing
the slots per pole per phase; the sum of the integers
is equal to c, the numerator of the improper fraction.
 Thus, when the period consists of five integers
(1-2-1-2-2), the sum of the integers is 8, i.e., it is
equal to the numerator of the fraction.
Assignment
Construct a winding table for the following given data
of an IM and, draw the wining diagram.
Given:- S = 84, P = 20, m = 3
Type of the winding - double-layer winding.