INTELLIGENCE TESTS

- Intelligence
• could be defined as the general ability to learn, reason and to think abstract
• is the ability to be creative as well as the ability to survive in our own habitat
• could be viewed as what sets humans apart from other species as the
intelligence of humanity surpasses animal intelligence
• is what gives us the capability to acquire knowledge and to thrive in complex
situations
- There are different types of intelligence including
• spatial,
• mathematical,
• verbal,
• musical and
• kinesthetic
- Intelligence is generally measured by the controversial IQ testing though the test can
often prove to be biased.

1. STANFORD-BINET IQ TEST
- Developed by a French psychologist Alfred Binet
- Considered as standard way for psychologists to quickly and easily compares the
psychological functioning of different people.
- It has been revised several times to give us the current Stanford-Binet 5.
- The Stanford Binet IQ Test is designed to test intelligence in four areas including
o verbal reasoning,
o quantitative reasoning,
o abstract and visual reasoning, and
o short-term memory skills
- The Stanford Binet also scores 15 subtests
- Total testing time is 45-90 minutes, depending on the subject's age and the number of
subtests given.
- Raw scores are based on the number of items answered, and are converted into a
standard age score corresponding to age group, similar to an IQ Score.

2. WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALES (WAIS)

- The Wechsler Intelligence Scales are a series of standardized tests used to evaluate
cognitive abilities and intellectual abilities in children and adults.
- The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (regular and revised) are used to
o determine vocational ability,
o assess adult intellectual ability in the classroom, and
o determine organic deficits
 - Both adult and children's Wechsler scales are often included in neuropsychological
testing to assess the brain function of individuals with neurological impairments.
- All of the Wechsler scales are divided into six verbal and five performance subtests.
- The complete test takes 60-90 minutes to administer.
- Verbal and Performance IQs are scored based on the results of the testing, and then a
composite Full Scale IQ score is computed.

3. RAVEN'S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES TEST (NON VERBAL TEST)

- The Raven Progressive Matrices test is a widely used intelligence test in many
researches and applied settings.
- In each test item, one is asked to find the missing pattern in a series.
- Each set of items gets progressively harder, requiring greater cognitive capacity to
encode and analyze.
- Raven's Progressive Matrices was designed primarily as a measure of Spearman's g
(general intelligence factor).
- There are no time limits and simple oral instructions.
- There are 3 different tests for different abilities:
• Coloured Progressed Matrices (younger children and special groups)
• Stanford Progressive Matrices (average 6 to 80 year olds)
• Advanced Progressive Matrices (above average adolescents & adults)
- Advantages of Raven's Progressive Matrices:
• has good test-retest reliability
• has good internal consistency
• has correlations with verbal and performance tests
• fair concurrent validity in studies with mentally retarded groups
• lower predictive validity than verbal intelligence tests for academic criteria

4. GESELL DEVELOPMENTAL SCHEDULES FOR VERY YOUNG CHILDREN

(NON-VERBAL TEST)
- The assessment tools for infants measure somewhat different components of
intellectual ability.
- Oft-used test is the Gesell Developmental Schedules, devised by Arnold Gesell
- was first introduced in 1925 and has been revised periodically
- The schedules are designed to measure developmental progress of babies and children
from 4 weeks to 5 years.
- These schedules provide a standardized procedure for observing and evaluating the
developmental attainment of children in five areas:
• Gross motor skills: cruises a rail using 2 hands
• Fine motor skills: uses “scissors” grasp on string
• Language development: uses “da-da” with meaning
• Adaptive behaviour: pulls a string to obtain a ring
• Personal-social behaviours: pushes arm through dress if started.