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30
Wind Speed
(MPH)
20
Vmean
=19.7MPH
10
0
0 3 6 9 12 15
Time (Minutes)
Wind Turbulence
• Wind speed can be considered as two
components; mean wind speed and
fluctuating component
• Fluctuating component (turbulence) is
caused by ground roughness
• Turbulence is higher in rougher terrain and
decreases with increasing height above
ground
TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT
PROBABILITY FOR STRUCTURE
P = 1 − (1 − P ) n
a
PROBABILITY OF EXCEEDING DESIGN WIND P