Fit to Fly by Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases & Chemotheraphy

Are you fi t- to- fl y?

Pr of essor Dat in Dr Hamimah H j Hassan

P r es i d e nt M a l a y s i a n S oc i et y of I nf ect i ous D i seases a nd C he mot he r a p y ( M S I D C )

W a t c h f o r t h e s e s y m p t o m s :

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( S y m p t o m s o c c u r s u d d e n l y a n d m a y o n l y s h o w u p w i t h i n 3- 6 w e e k s a f t e r a n H A V i n f e c t i o n )

F e v e r

N a u s e a & V o m i t i n g

D a r k U r i n e

F a t i g u e

A p p e t i t e L o s s

B o d y A c h e s

J a u n d i c e

J o i n t P a i n s

1. Hepatitis A. Accessed on June 2009 from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis_a/article_em.htm2. Fiore AE et al. Prevention of hepatitis A Through Active or Passive Immunization. Recommendations of ACIP MMWR May 19, 2006/ Vol.55/No.RR-7.

What is HEPATITIS A?

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An infection caused by the hepatitis Avirus (HAV) that affects the liver. It canlead to inflammation which disrupts theliver’s function. Risk of HAV is higher in countries with highinfection rates, poor sanitation and unclean food and water.

How is HAV transmitted?

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• Contaminated food and drinking water• Contact with an infected person

What are the complications of HEPATITIS A infection?

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• Hepatitis A affects the liver which will require weeks tomonths to recover• Infected individuals with chronic liver failure are at high riskof acute liver failure• An infected child may carry the disease for longer periodsthan adults (up to 10 weeks)• Death rates are higher in infected adults aged 50 yearsand above

HE P AT IT IS A

F ACT S

What is HEPATITIS B?

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A potentially life-threatening liverinfection caused by the hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) which is 50-100 timesmore infectious than HIV. HBV infects almost 2 billion peopleworldwide and results in about 600,000 deaths every year.Risk factors include close contact with a hepatitis B infectedperson, multiple sex partners, visiting places with high infectionrates, tattoos or acupuncture treatments.

How is HBV transmitted?

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• Unprotected sex• Infected personal hygiene items• Wounds coming into contact with infected fluids or items• From mother to baby at birth

What are the complications of HEPATITIS B?

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• Chronic liver disease• More than 350 million infected people live with long-term(chronic) liver infections• About 25% of adults who were infected during childhood diefrom liver cancer or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)

W at ch out f or t hese sy mpt oms:

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Fever Chills Headache Tiredness

A p p e t i t e L o s sV o m i t i n g

M u sc l e a n d J oi n t A c h e sP a l e S t ool s Da r k U r i n e

J a u n d i c e

H E P A T I T I S B

F A C T S

3. Hepatitis B. Accessed on June 2009 from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/hepatitis_b/article_em.htm4. Hepatitis B. World Health Organization. Accessed on June 2009 from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/print.html

T Y P HO I D F E V E R

F AC TS

What is TYPHOID FEVER?

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An acute and severe high fevercaused by the

Salmonella typhi

bacteria which may last 10-14 days.It is estimated that 22 million people experience typhoid feverand 216,000 die from it each year.

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The bacteria is widespreadin Southeast Asia countries, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Risks factors include HIV/ AIDS and contact with aninfected individual or a weakened immune system bymedications like corticosteroids.

How is

Salmonella typhi

transmitted?

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• Ingesting contaminated food and water• Close contact with an infected individual

What are the complications of TYPHOID FEVER?

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One of the most dangerous consequences is intestinalbleeding, which is marked by these symptoms:• sudden drop in blood pressure• shock (blood not flowing properly to the body, causingorgan damage)• blood in stools• nausea, vomiting, severe pain and sepsis (blood infection)

Wa tc h ou t for t hese s ymp toms:

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P e r s i s t e n t H i g h F e v e r

A p pe ti te L o s s

H e a d a c h e M u s c l e a n d J o i n t A c h e s

Dia r r h o e a

T ir e d n e s s

5. Typhoid fever. Accessed on June 2009 from http://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm6. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004;82:346-53.7. Typhoid fever- Complications. Accessed on June 2009 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/typhoid-fever/DS00538/DSECTION=complications