Compass survey

Introduction

Compass survey is the to determine the magnetic bearing for any particular boundary line. In FCE UiTM,
the instruments that we can use for this task is telescopic compass. We can read bearing to the nearest
5 minutes.

Work procedures

I. The box is opened carefully and the compass is fixed on the top of its tripod by using its screw.
II. The compass is set with suitable height on the selected station by using the hanging plum bob.
Make sure that the plum bob is exactly on top of the station mark.
III. The telescopic compass is leveled by using the two small cylindrical bubbles, and try to make the
bubble really at the center.
IV. The screw is released and the compass needle is pointing to the north point freely.
V. The sound is heard when the small compass clamping devise downward is twisted.
VI. The compass is rotated to zero graduation for the bearing and the compass needle is
pointingto zero reading exactly.
Linear distance measurement

Introduction

Linear distance measurement means measurement diatance between two or more points. In FCE UiTM,
we can measure distande directly by using instruments such as chain, tape, EDM instrument, total
station instruments or indirectly such as tacheometry method and substance bar. Since the distance that
we concern in survey is the horinzontal distance, so if the distance that we measure is slope distance,
we must convert it to horizontal by using formula or applying some correction.

Distance measurement using chain or tape procedures

I. The distance between two point is measured by pulling the tape or chain in straight line and
horizontal.
II. The distance also is measured part by part for area with slope.
III. If the length is too long and when you pull the tape or chain, the tape touch to the ground and
not straight, we must support and make in level.
IV. The arrow and ranging pole is used to mark points on the ground during the measurement.
V. Th e reading is recheacked to overcome mistakes such as wrong reading or wrong writing.
Angle observation

Introduction

Angle is the size in the form of degree, minute and second formed by two subtended arms or lines in
horizontal plane or vertical plane. Angle in horizontal plane is called horizontal angle and for vertical
plane is called vertical angle. Vertical angle is normally observed from horizontal line upward or
downward and known as elevation angle and depression angle. Zenith angle also observed on the
vertical plane, but the zero reading started from zenith point on the top of our head and increase
downward. If we have two bearing for two point from one point, the angle between the two is the
difference between the two bearing.

Bearing observation using theodolite

I. The theodolite is fixed in the top of the tripod with suitable height and the station is setup by
using plumb bob.
II. The thoedolite is leveled by using three foot screw. The first cylindrical bubble tube parallel to
the two foot screw and try to make the bubble at the centre by twisting the foot screw by left
thumb rule. Then twist the theodolite 90 degree or to the position of the cylindrical bubble
parallel to another foot screw and twist that foot screw until the bubble rest at the centre.
III. Repeat steps II, until the thoedolite is leveled in all direction.
IV. Press zero setting button, then by using telescope point to the back station and bisect the
target exactly, by using slow motion screw after did the clamping first.
V. Press the zero setting button again to release the zero setting, release the clamp, the the target
the next point, clamp or locked, using slow motion screw bisect the target exactly, then read the
angle on the display unit.