ASSALAMUALAIKUM & GOOD DAY & VANAKAM

ALWAYS LOVE AND APPRECIATE YOUR PARENTS

SCAFFOLDING
DEFINITION
• “A temporary structure from which persons
can gain access to a place in order to carry out
building operation”

• “ A temporary frame usually constructed from

steel or aluminium alloy tubes clipped or
coupled together to provide a means of access
to high-level working areas as well as
providing as a safe platform from which to
work.”
 FUNCTION
 As a working platform
- so that the worker can stand on the platform
do the work easily & safely
 As a platform for placing material & logistic
needed by the workers to carry out their job
 As a platform and walking passage
- scaffolding support the platform that been
used by the worker as their walking path to
transport the material & logistic
2 Basic forms of scaffolding are as follows:
a) Putlog Scaffold
- Single row of uprights / standards set
outside the perimeter of the building.
- It’s a partly supported by the structure

b) Independent Scaffolds
- It have 2 rows of standards that are tied
by cross members called transoms.
Among the factors need to be considered
during the design process of scaffold are as
follows:
a) Easier to be erected
b) Strong
c) Light / Not heavy
d) Safe
e) Suitable
f) Passage Link / Passage connecting to
other places
Scaffold can be made of the following
material:
a) Tubular steel
b) Tubular aluminium alloy
c) Timber
 STEEL SCAFFOLD
 Steel tubes are nearly 3 times heavier than
aluminium alloy tubes but are far stronger.
 Longer span can be used since it deflection is
approximately 1/3 of aluminium alloy tubes.
 There 2 types that is:
- Galvanized steel tubes
- Ungalvanized steel tubes that need special
care (painting, varnishing or oil bath after use)
Steel Scaffolding
 ALUMINIUM SCAFFOLDS
 Need protective treatment when they are to
be used in contact with materials such as
damp line, wet cement & sea water to
prevent corrosion to the tubes.
 Coating the tube with bitumastic paint
before using it would be a suitable
protective treatment.
                                                     

Aluminium Scaffolding
 TIMBER SCAFFOLD
 Extensively used in the developing country
 Members are lashed together with wire or
rope instead of the coupling fittings used
with metal scaffolds.
Timber Scaffold
Bamboo Scaffolding (In Hong Kong)
Bamboo Scaffolding
 SCAFFOLD ELEMENTS
a) Standards / “Tiang”
b) Ledger / “belebas”
c) Transom / “Pepat”
d) Double Coupler / “Pengganding Berkembar”
e) Swivel Coupler / “Pengganding Swivel”
f) Putlog Coupler / “Pengganding Putlog”
g) Base Plate /
h) Split Joint Pin
i) Reveal Pin
j) Putlog End
 DOUBLE
COUPLER

STANDARD

BASE PLATE
STANDARD
a) Double Coupler
- the only real loadbearing fitting used in
scaffolding
- used to join ledgers to standards
b) Swivel Coupler
- Composed of 2 single coupler riveted
together so that it is possible to rotate them &
use them for connecting 2 scaffold tubes at
any angle.
c) Putlog Coupler
- use solely for fixing putlogs/transoms to the
horizontal ledgers.
d) Base Plate
- It is used to distribute the load from the foot of
a standard on to a sole plate or firm ground.
e) Split Joint Pin
- A connection fitting used to joint scaffold tubes
end to end.
- A centre bolt expands the 2 segments that grip
on the bore of the tubes
f) Reveal Pin
- Fits into the end of a tube to form an adjustable
strut
g) Putlog End
- A flat plate that fits on the end of a
scaffold tube to convert it into a putlog
Putlog Coupler
Double Coupler
Swivel Coupler
Base Plate For Scaffold
 PUTLOG SCAFFOLDS
 It consists of a single row of uprights or
standards set away from the wall at a distance
that will accommodate the required width of the
working platform.
 The standards are joined together with
horizontal members called “ledgers”
 The ledgers are tied to the building with cross
members called putlog.
 It is erected as the building rises & mostly used
for buildings of traditional brick construction
Putlog Scaffold tied into the brickwork using
putlogs or tubes with putlog adaptors
 INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD
 This scaffold has 2 rows of standards that
are toed by cross members called transoms.
 This scaffold doesn’t rely upon the
building
for support
 Suitable for use in conjunction with framed
structures.
Independent Scaffold
 OTHER TYPES OF SCAFFOLD
Besides pulog scaffold & independent scaffold
there are other such as:
a) Slung Scaffold
b) Truss-Out Scaffold
c) Suspended Scaffolds
d) Mobile Tower Scaffold
e) Birdcage Scaffolds
f) Gantries
 MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLD
 The mobile scaffold would have small tyres
under the standards.
 Designed to be easily moved
 Commonly used for things such as painting
and plastering, where workers must frequently

change position.
 Used mainly by painters & maintenance to
gain access to ceilings.
• Mobile Tower Scaffold
Mobile Scaffold
 Suspended Scaffold
 It is platform that is suspended by rope or
other non-rigid means, from an overhead
structure
 There are many types of suspended
scaffolds such two point (swing stage),
multipoint adjustable, catenary and others.
 Two Point (Swing Stage) is hung by ropes
or cable connected to stirrups at each end
of the platform.
It is used by window washers or skyscrapers
Two Point (Swing Stage)
 SAFETY PRECAUTION
 Standard must be on the same level and
vertically straight on the base plate.
 The supporting platform wood must be
supported properly.
 Working platform must been equipped with
safety elements such as hand rail.
 Scaffold must be inspected at certain times.
 Use safety tools such as safety boots, safety
helmet and etc when using platform.
 Supervision of scaffold erection & progress
/safety reports are undertaken by a suitable
experience & qualified person that normally
occurs:
a) within the preceding 7 days
b) after adverse weather conditions that may
have affected the scaffold’s strength or
stability
c) whenever alterations / additions are made to
the scaffold
The report made after inspection must consist :
 Location & description of scaffold
 Date of inspection
 Result of inspection, statin the condition of
scaffold
 Signature & office of the person making
the inspection
Badly assembled & neglected scaffold have been
a significant contributory factor to the high
accident rate associated with the construction
industry.
 FOR MUSLIM: ALWAYS PRAY 5 TIMES A DAY
FOR NON MUSLIM: RESPECT YOUR PARENTS ALWAYS

ALWAYS SPEAK TRUTH & DO GOOD THINGS ONLY