Chapter 2 Study Guide

Topic Mastery of this topic means you should be able to:

Matter • Identify simplest form of matter (element)
• Explain the difference between atoms and molecules
• Explain the difference between elements, compounds, and
mixtures
• Identify heterogeneous vs. homogenous mixtures
• Explain the difference between physical and chemical
separation, and when each would be used
Early chemical laws • Explain/recognize laws of mass conservation, definite
composition, and multiple proportions
Dalton’s atomic theory • Recognize atomic theory and postulates
• Identify “billiard ball model” resulting from theory
• Know what postulates break down on later examination
Thomson’s “plum- • Recognize “plum-pudding” model
pudding” model • Explain discoveries that led to this (small, negatively
charged particles)
Rutherford • Identify contribution of Rutherford to atomic model
Atoms • Identify the three main components of an atom and their
arrangement
• Identify source of mass of atom
• Define isotopes
• Define cations and anions
• Use natural abundances to calculate average atomic weights
• Write out notation for atoms and ions
• Use to determine number of protons, neutrons, and
electrons in an atom/ion
Periodic table • Be able to use periodic table to get information about atoms
• Recognize alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and
noble gases
• Know definitions of groups vs. periods
• Give name of elements 1-36 given symbol, or vice versa
• Identify main group, transition metal, lanthanides, actinides
• Identify metals, nonmetals, metalloids