Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Name Name Action

Sodium >Neut Alkalinizing >A systemic and >Acute to mild >Metabolic & >milk- alkali >Norepinephrine & Dobutamine
bicarbonat agent, urinary alkalinizer metabolic Respiratory syndrome are incompatible with Sodium
e Electrolyte, by increasing acidosis Alkalosis. >dizziness bicarbonate.
Antacid plasma & urinary >severe >CHF >cramps >Assess for edema, which may
bicarbonate. dehydration >convulsions >thirst indicate inability to utilize Sodium
>The antacid action >excreta >hypocalcemia >anorexia bicarbonate.
is due to corporeal >N&V >Record I & O.
neutralization of circulation of >tetany >Observe for dry skin & mucous
hydrochloric acid blood. >diminish breathing membranes, polydipsia, polyuria,
by forming NaCl & >rebound hypracidity & air hunger; may indicate a
CO2. Provides reversal metabolic acidosis.
temporary relief of >Monitor electrolytes & ABGs.
peptic ulcer pain & >Chew tablets thoroughly, follow
of discomfort with a full glass of water. Do not
associated with take with milk/ yogurt.
indigestion. >Continuous, routine ingestion of
Sodium bicarbonate may cause
formation of phosphate crystals in
the kidney, kidney stones & fluid
retention.
>Avoid OTC preparations that
contain Sodium bicarbonate, such
as Alka/Bromo-Seltzer, Gaviscon
or Fizrin.
Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Name Action
Dopamine Revimine Vasopressor Stimulates beta-1 >Correction of >Pheochromocy- >Anxiety > Monitor vital signs and ECG
receptors in the hemodynamic toma closely throughout therapy.
heart, causing imbalances >uncorrected >Headache
more complete and present in tachycardia >Monitor I&O regularly; note
forceful shock >ventricular >Nausea decreases in urine output.
contractions syndrome after fibrillation
(inotropy). Also MI >arrhythmias >Vomiting >Store the medication at 20° to
acts on alpha >Pediatric Clients 25°C. Avoid excessive heat.
receptors (dose >Trauma >Azotemia Protect from freezing.
dependent) and
has dopaminergic >Endotoxic >Dyspnea >Dilute just prior to
effects septicemia, administration. Solution is stable
for 24 h after dilution.
>Open heart
surgery >Administer by IV infusion only,
preferably into a large vein.
>Renal failure Metering device is essential for
controlling rate of flow.
>Chronic
cardiac >Dopamine is potent drug. Dilute
decompensatio before use if not prediluted.
n
>Do not use if solution is
discolored.

>Chemically incompatible with

alkaline solutions, including
sodium bicarbonate or other
alkaline IV solutions (dopamine is
inactivated).

>When appropriate, increase

blood volume with whole blood
or plasma.

>If a marked decrease in pulse

pressure and disproportionate
increase in diastolic BP are
observed, the rate of infusion
should be decreased

>If an increased number of

ectopic beats are observed, the
dose should be reduced if
possible.
Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Name Action
Ranitidine Neu-ranic Histamine H2 Competitively Active duodenal >impaired renal Headache, abdominal >arrange for regular follow-up,
HCl receptor inhibits gastric ulcer or hepatic pain,, constipation, including blood test to evaluate
blocking drug secretion by Gird function diarrhea, nausea and >instruct the patient to avoid
blocking the effect Heart burn >pregnancy vomiting beverages that contain caffeine
of Histamine H2 Acid indigestion that increase stomach acid
receptors. Both >instruct client not to drive or
daytime and operate machine because of the
nocturnal basal side effects of Ranitidine
gastric acid (dizziness and drowsiness
secretion, as well
as food-and
pentagastrin-
stimulated gastric
acid are inhibited.
Weak inhibitor of
cytochrome; thus,
drug interactions
involving inhibition
of hepatic
metabolism are not
expected to occur
 Generic Brand General Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Name Action Action
Digoxin Lanoxin >cardiac >Increases the >edema >ventricular >tachycardia >Obtain written parameters for
glycoside force & velocity of >dyspnea fibrillation/ >headache high / low pulse rates, at which
myocardial >orthopnea tachycardia >dizziness cardiac glycosides are to be held;
contraction >cardiac >hypersensitive >mental disturbances changes in rate or rhythm may
(positive inotropic arrhythmia carotid sinus >N&V indicate toxicity.
effect) by >slow heart syndrome >diarrhea >Protect from light.
increasing the rate in sinus >anorexia >Note any drugs prescribed that
refractory period of tachycardia >blurred/ yellow would adversely interact with
the AV node & vision digoxin & monitor; diuretics may
increasing total increase toxicity.
peripheral >Assess for hypo/hyper-
resistance. This thyroidism; hypothyroid clients
effect is due to are sensitive to glycosides while
inhibition of hyperthyroid clients may require a
Sodum/ Potassium higher dose.
–ATPase in the >Monitor CBC, serum electrolytes,
sarcolemmal Ca, Mg, & renal
membrane, which >Obtain ECG, note rhythm & rate.
alters excitation- >Observe elderly clients for early
contraction S&S of toxicity.
coupling. Inhibiting >Document HR below 50 bpm.
Na/K –ATPase >Monitor weights And I&O.
results in increased >If gastric distress experienced,
calcium influx & use antacid.
increased release >Do not take with grapefruit juice.
of free Calcium- >Maintain a Na restricted diet.
ions within the
myocardial cells,
which then
potentiate the
contractility of
cardiac muscle
fibers.
 Generic Brand General Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing Responsibilities.
Name name Classifi-cation Action

Potassium Kalium Electrolyte Potassium is readily potassium Severe renal Nausea and vomiting -Nurses should consider reminding
Chloride Durule and rapidly replacement function the patient of the following:
absorbed from the therapy impairment with Diarrhea
GI tract. Though a azotemia or -To take each dose with meals
number of salts can treat oliguria Flatulence mixed in water or other suitable
be used to supply hypokalemia liquid.
the potassium Addison’s disease Abdomi-nal
cation, potassium diabetic discomfort -To take this medicine following
chloride is the acidosis Hyperkalemia the frequency and amount
agent of choice from any cause prescribed by the physician.This is
since diarrhea and GI bleeding especially important if the patient
hypochloremia vomiting is also taking diuretics and/or
frequently Anuria digitalis preparations.
accompanies
potassium certain cases of Heat cramps -To inform patients that this
deficiency. uremia product contains as a dispersing
Potassium rich- Acute agent the stool softener, docusate
foods include most hyperaldrenalis dehydration sodium, which may change stool
meats (beef, m consistency, or, rarely, produce
chicken, ham, Clients receiving diarrhea or cramps.
turkey) fish, beans, corticosteroid potassium
broccoli, brussels, or diuretic sparing diuretics -To check with the physician at
banana, therapy or aldosterone- once if tarry stools or other
watermelon, inhibiting drugs. evidence of gastrointestinal
cantaloupe, hypokalemia
apricots, and with or without
molasses. metabolic bleeding is noticed.
acidosis
-monitor plasma potassium levels

in patients with cardiac disease,

renal impairment, or acidosis: 
monitoring of acid-base balance,
potassium levels, and ECG is
recommended .

-mix IV infusion solution

thoroughly after adding potassium
chloride to prevent bolus
administration
Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Name Action
Epinephrine Adrenalin Sympathomi Naturally occurring > treatment > hypersensitivity CNS:fear, anxiety, Assess
e Chloride metic neurotransmitter, and prophylaxis to epinephrine or restlessness >allergy or hypersensitivity to
Cardiac the effects of which of cardiac arrest components of Headache, light epinephrine
stimulant are mediated by preparation headedness, >Asses skin, color
bronchodilato alpha or beta >relief from >hypertension Dizziness Temperature,
r receptors in target respiratory >Use cautiously CV:Arrhytmias, orientation,reflexes, prostate
organs. Effects on distress of with prostatic hypertension, palpation, normalm urine output,
alpha receptors bronchial hypertrophy(may tachycardia, renal function tests.
include asthma cause bladder palpitations. Teaching points
vasoconstriction, sphincter GI: Nausea, vomiting, > do not exceed recommended
contraction of spasm,d ifficult anorexia dosage; adverse effect or loss of
dilator muscles of and painful GU: Constriction of effectiveness may result.
iris. Effects on beta urination)labor renal blood vessel
receptors include and delivery(may and decreased urine
positive delay second formation, dysuria
chronotropic effect stage of labor:can
and inotropic accelerate fetal
effects on the heart beat; may
heart(beta cause fetal and
receptors); maternal
bronchodilation, hypoglycaemia)
vasodilation and
uterine
relaxation(beta2
receptors);
decreased
 production of
aqueous humor.

Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Name Action
Magnesium Epsom Electrolyte Cofactor of many > acute > Contraindicated CNS:weakness, Assesment:
Sulfate salt Antiepileptic enzyme systems nephritis,to with allergy to dizziness, fainting, Allergy to magnesium products.
Laxative involved in control magnesium sweating. PHYSICAL: Skin color, texture,
neurochemichal hypertension products; heart CV: palpitation muscle tone, temperature,
transmission and > block ,myocardial GI: Excessive bowel orientation. affect, reflexes,
muscular IV:hypomagnes damage, activity, perianal peripheral sensation, BP, rhythm
excitability; emia abdominal pain, irritation. strip,
prevents or ,replacement nausea, vomiting, METABOLIC: Teaching points:
controls seizures therapy or other Magnesium > use onlu as a temporary
by blocking > IM or IV: symptoms of intoxication measure to relieve
neuromascular preeclampsia, appendicitis. constipation.Do not take if
transmission; eclampsia >Do not give abdominal pain, nausea or
attracts and retains during 2 hr vomiting occurs.
water in the preceding > you may experience diarrhea
intestinal lumen delivery because with oral use. If this occurs
and distends the of the risk of discontinue drug and consult
bowel to promote magnesium your health care provider.
mass movement toxicity in the > report sweating. Flushing,
and relieve neonate. tremors, or twitching, inabiolity
constipation >Use cautiously to move extremities.
with renal
imsufficiency.
Generic Name Brand Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name Action
Acetaminophen Atasol Analgesic Antipyretic: >Fever >impaired CNS: headache >do not exceed the
Antipyretic -reduces fever by >Common cold hepatic function, CV: chest pain, recommended dosage
acting directly on with flu chronic dyspnea >Avoid using multiple
hypothalamic heat >Pain alcoholism, GI:jaundice preparations with
center that causes pregnancy, Rashes acetaminophen and check all
vasodilation and lactation OTC drugs
sweating >Given with food if with upset
Analgesic: GI
-mechanism is >Discontinue drug if
unclear hypersensitivity occur
>Instruct to report rash, unusual
bleeding or bruising, yellowing
of the skin and eyes, changes in
voiding pattern