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WAVE ENERGY
WAVE POWER
• Wave power refers to the capture of (ocean) wave energy to do useful work including
electricity generation, desalination, and filling a reservoir with water
• Wave Power is renewable energy and is a form of solar energy transferred to water by the
wind
• Up to 2 terawatts (1 terawatt = 1 trillion watts)
• Initial solar power level of 100 W/m2 is concentrated to an average wave power level of 70 kW
per meter of crest length
• This rises to 170 kW per meter of crest length during winter and to more than 1MW per meter
during storms.
Variability of waves
Strength of waves vary significantly with time
The direction of waves vary
Now, from this highly variable source one needs a constant flow of
electricity!
For shoreline devices, the water level changes with the tide level.
Apart from this power transmission too is a major One of the design
constraint challenge.
Functional Categorization
• Dynamic Systems: one element of the system is
tuned into excitation by the waves. e.g. Salter’s Duck,
Cockerel raft and devices with oscillating water column.
• Passive Systems: site specific e.g. TAPCHAN which
uses a ramp to run up waves into a reservoir.
Cockerel Raft
• Consists of joined sections the movement of which is
transmitted to pumps with electro generators.
• A 3-section raft 100m long, 50 m wide and 10m high
can produce about 2000kW of electricity. This has been
tested in the Black Sea.
Cockerel wave raft
Principle of a TAPCHAN
Wave energy devices …
• Devices which channel waves into tapered chambers, or an
oscillating water column, whose bottom end is submerged in
water.
• Fixed or semi-fixed offshore devices which make use of the
pressure differential in the water that occurs at a submerged
point as the wave passes over that point.
• Offshore devices which utilize their buoyancy to cause
movement in a part of the device as it move up and down in
the wave.
OWC
• Oscillating water column is a device used for
extracting energy from waves.
• Energy conversion:
Principles of Energy Conversion Chain
TARGETS:
-Demonstration plant.
Design, Installation & Evaluation.
-Semi Commercial Prototype II.
Design, Installation & Evaluation.
-Commercial module.
Design Conditions
Power generated
Tidal Power Generation
Tidal Streams
• Fast flowing volumes of water caused by motion of
tide
• Natural constriction forces water to speed up
• Occur in shallow sea
USES
Energy
Fresh Water - Desalination
Food
Cooling
Chilled Soil Agriculture
Coastline of 7000 km INDIA
Estimated overall potential – 180000 MW
• 2.56 million sq.km EEZ
IDENTIFIED SITES
Kavaratti
Kulasekarapattinam
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
OTEC Plant – Kulasekarapattinam
Platform
• Off-shore or Shore-based?
Required temperature difference occurs only after 40
km from coast. So, shorebased plant not feasible
Cycle
• The low pressure generator needed in Open Cycle are
huge in size and are not suited for low rating plants of
the order of
MW
• So, Closed Rankine Cycle is being employed
Heat Exchangers
• Titanium being used
• Having an additional layer of Stainless Steel on
ammonia side was found to increase the heat transfer
by 30-40%
Barge
• Monohull barge
• 685m X 16m X 4m
• A huge cold water sump of dimensions 4.5m X 4.5m X
14m and is retractable
• Sump locked on deck to reduce pitch, roll
• Pitch and Roll < 2.5°
Model Tests
• 1kW model prepared
• Tests performed for various conditions of sea water velocity
and temperature
• Vibration found under allowable limits.