Mud Logging Introduction Without Mud Logging Knowledge

China National Logging Corporation
Mud Logging Technology & Services

Welcome to CNLC
z CNLC Introduction
z Mud Logging Introduction
z Equipment Introduction
z Jobs at field
CNLC Introduction
CNLC, providing well bore technical services in
international market, mainly engaged in:
• Wireline logging, mud logging, well testing, well
completion, perforating and other relevant
engineering services.
• Geophysical and Geological research &
development.
Wireline Logging Acid/Fracture
Well Testing
MWD/LWD
Mud Logging Workover
Reservoir evaluation Perforation Coiled Tubing

Well Wireline
Testing Logging MudLogging
Workover/ Bore-hole
Coiled
Completion Integrated
Tubing
Services
Reservoir MWD/LWD
Evaluation Directional Acid/
Drilling Fracture
Where do we supply our services?

Iran Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan PetroChina
Syria
Algeria
Libya
Venezuela Sudan
Pakistan
CNLC Operation in Sudan

z Wireline Logging: Year 1998 for GNPOC
z Mud Logging: Year 2001 for PDOC
z Welltesting: Year 2001 for PDOC
Now we have operation for GNPOC, PDOC

and CNPCIS.
Mud Logging Introduction

z What is Mud Logging?
z What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?
z Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging
Unit
What is Mud Logging?

Mud Logging provides subsurface geological
information while drilling a well.

Mud Logging is the examination and analysis of
geological information contained in formation
cuttings and drilling mud to determine if oil and
gas are encountered during drilling a well. Mud
Logging also is used to provide critical safety
functions such as determining pore pressures,
kick control and ambient gas monitoring.
The service requires two to six

people at the wellsite, a mobile
laboratory unit, acting as the
information center for the well and
may include the electronic
monitoring of drilling parameters
and third party service provider data. Communication
is essential
What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

Mud Loggers analyze geological data and drilling parameters
to identify and quantify potentially productive hydrocarbon
reserves, subsurface formation porosity and formation
fractures. Mud Loggers also analyze the drilling parameters
in conjunction with the formation analysis in order to provide
recommendations to improve drilling rates, reduce costs and
enhance safety.
Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit



EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY
CNLC mud logging services are focused on adding

value for our clients through the intelligent use of
quality data. People are the number one factor in
our success, however the technology and
equipment which is at their disposal has played a
very important role in building our reputation for
reliability and quality.
Logging Unit
z Unit dimension is 8 × 2.7 × 3m
z Emergency escape hatch and double door airlock entry.
z Safety system: smoke detector, poisonous gas alarm.
z Two super air-conditions to maintain stable temperature
within the unit.
z Adequate working space is provided for Companyman
z UPS System
z Two extinguishers are equipped for fire.
Geological Analysis
The unit contains a
complete set of
geological analysis
equipment including
Stereo Microscope,
Fluoroscope and some
associated Parts, like
sample bags, chemical,
Sieves, etc.
Cloth bags and paper clasp sample envelopes

Data Acquisition system
We use sensors to acquire the parameters, use on-

line computers to monitor current rig activity. The unit
also can transmit data in real-time to the operator’s
office. An in-finite number of direct or calculated
measurements can be monitored so that an alarm
activates against a high, low and a rate of range.
Logging Sensors
z Drilling Speed (ROP) z Mud Temperate in/out (MTI/MTO)
z Standpipe Pressure (SPP) z Mud Conductivity in/out (MCI/MCO)
z Hookload (HL, WOB)
z Rotary speed (RPM) z Mud Weight in/out (MWI/MWO)
z Rotary Torque (TRQ) z Pit Volume
z Stroke Speed (SPM)
z H2S
z Mud Flow out (MFO)
Drilling Speed (ROP) Rotary speed / Pump

Stroke Rate Sensor
Rotary Torque Sensor Pressure Sensors

Mud Flow out Mud Conductivity in/out

Mud Weight in/out Pit Volume

Mud temperature
Pump
Mud Density
mud Mud Conductivity
Pump Rate Pit Level
Depth Trace Pit Level

Standpipe pressure
Hookload
Rotary Table mud Pit Level
Rotary Torque
Pit Level
Mud temperature
Mud Density
Suction tank Mud Conductivity
Mud Flow out Pit Level
gas
Sensors
Position Mud Logging unit
mud
Chromatographs and Gas detectors
All mud logging units of CNLC use FID detector to

detect hydrocarbon which are acquired from mud
following in the ditch. This detector have high accuracy
and sensitivity. Meanwhile, we use the integrator or
wintegratortor automatically calculate acquiring digital
total gas and chromatograph data for display, print, plot
and storage.
Chromatographs and Gas detectors

Jobs at Field
1. Working crew
2. Formation Evaluation
3. Monitoring for safety drilling
Working Crew
z Sample Catcher
z Mud Logger
z Data Engineer
Sample Catcher
z Collect and wash samples as specified interval.
z Pack and label ditch cutting samples
z Make ready of cloth bags enough for next shift.
z Clean the floor of the unit and keep it clear
z Do other things specified by the team leader and
mud logger
Mud logger
z Lithology Description;
z Update Materlog and reports;
z Lag time check when necessary;
z Help the data engineer to monitor real time data
and status.
Data Engineer
z Analyzes drilling and logging data;

z Documents probable, hydrocarbon rich pay
zones;
z As Team leader, to communicate with
representative of Oil company and third parts
companies.
2. Formation Evaluation
z Build the formation profile of the well location,
get the first-hand message of the formation
z Continuous total gas and chromatograph
component detecting and analysis
Lithology Description:
Sandstone: color, fabric, grain size, roundness,

sphericity, sorting, cementing, mineral, porosity,
oil shows.
Claystone: color, fabric, hardness, tenacity,
rough calcimetry.
Examples:
SST(70%): lt gy, v f-f gr, occ med gr, subang- subrnd,
mod w srt, qtz, p-fr vis por, wi tr-5% blu wh fluor,
10％ strmg bl wh cut, no cut color, no res, p oil
show.
CLYST(30%): lt gy-med gy, occ dk gy, subblky-blky,
mod hd, sl calc.
Lithology Description:
From the Lithology description, we can know the
following information of this formation:
z Depositional environment (oxidizing
environment / reducing environment)
z Porosity and permeability (big or small)
z Hydrocarbon bearing condition (good or not)
Estimate of the Percentage

Grain size card:

Color
Chart
Shape of the cutting

porosity
Cement
Poorly porosity
Cuttings by
Microscope
Hydrocarbon Evaluation
The order of hydrocarbon shows description is:
z Odor (type and strength)
z Oil stain or bleeding (distribution, intensity, color)
z Sample fluorescence (percentage, intensity, color)
z Cut color fluorescence (speed, character, intensity and color)
z Cut color and intensity
z Cut residue (intensity and color)
Oil Shows Description:

z Oil stain: percentage, type, color
z Directly fluorescence: percentage, color,
intensity.
z Cut fluorescence: speed, patten, color.
z Residue: percentage, type.
Odor
Odor may range from heavy, characteristic of low gravity oil,
to light and penetrating, for condensate. Some dry gases
have no odor. Report its strength as good, fair or faint.
Staining and Bleeding

The amount of oil staining on cuttings and cores is primarily
a function of the distribution of the porosity and the oil
distribution within the pores. The color of the stain is related
to oil gravity. Heavy oil stains tend to be a dark brown, while
light oil stains tend to be colorless.
Directly fluorescence under UltraViolet box

Sample fluorescence
Color: from brown through green, gold, blue,
yellow, to white; in most instances, the
heavier oils have darker fluorescence.
Distribution: even, spotted, or mottled
Intensity: bright, dull, pale, and faint.
Cut fluorescence under UV box
Solvent:
Chloroform
Solvent Cut Fluorescence

z Cut speed: an indication of both the solubility of the
oil and the permeability of the sample.
z Cut nature: the solvent with dissolved oil may occur
in uniform, streaming or blooming. A streaming cut
also indicates low oil mobility.
z Cut color and intensity: After observing the sample
under UV light observe the sample under natural
light. The cut color observed in natural light is just
called cut color (example: very light brown cut color
or no cut color).
Cut Residue:
The solvent dissolves rapidly under the heat of the UV
light, sometimes leaving a residue of oil around the
cutting on the spot plate. The true color of the oil can
then be observed. The intensity and opacity of color,
especially of the residue, is an indicator of the oil
density and the quantity of oil originally in the cutting.
Another way to analysis hydrocarbon bearing

-- Gas Analysis
If the formation bear the hydrocarbon, when the

bit crash the formation, the hydrocarbon inside
will flow out and mix with mud. Use the special
equipment it can be broken the hydrocarbon
away from the mud and analysis inside the unit.
(See Drilling.AVI)
Gas Analysis:
Gas line
Degasser Chromatography
(at gas trap) Sample pump (in unit)
Integrator
Computer Recorder
Chromatography
Gas analysis process:

Gas analysis process:

2.5s
3. Monitoring For Safety Drilling

z Real time acquisition, processing and recording
drilling parameter
z Real time alphanumeric & graphic data display for
safety drilling
z Real time monitor and recording the mud properties
Engineering Parameters to log:

z Total Depth z Lag time
z ROP
z Flow in/out
z WOH
z Hook speed z Temp in/out
z Hook height z Mud Weight in/out
z WOB
z Resistively in/out
z RPM
z Rotary Torque z Conductivity in/out
z Standpipe press z Mud volumes
z Wellhead press.
z SPM & total z Total gas and chromatography
z Pump strokes z H2S / CO2
z -Exponent
Drilling
Real-time
monitor plo
Difficult Hole Condition：

z Mud loss (MFO ↘, pit volume ↘, SPP↘)
z Kick off (MFO ↗, pit volume ↗ , Gas ↗)
z Wear out (SPP↘)
z Bit teeth worn out (TRQ)
z Tight hole (Hookload)
Trip Monitor
Trip monitor sheet

Stands Trip tank Vol. Theo. Disp. Cumm. Theo. Act. Disp. Cumm. Act. Mud Loss/Gain Cumm. Loss/gain
3
No. (m ) (m3) Disp. (m3) (m3) Disp. (m3) (m3) (m3)
0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0.93 0.51 0.51 0.43 0.43 -0.08 -0.08
10 1.38 0.51 1.02 0.45 0.88 -0.06 -0.14
15 1.83 0.51 1.53 0.45 1.33 -0.06 -0.2
20 2.27 0.51 2.04 0.44 1.77 -0.07 -0.27
25 2.66 0.51 2.55 0.39 2.16 -0.12 -0.39
30 3.15 0.51 3.06 0.49 2.65 -0.02 -0.41
Trip monitor sheet
3.5
3 Theo.
2.5 Act.
Mud volume
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40
Stands
Wherever we go
Whatever we do
whoever we serve
It is Perfection
that we pursue
Thank You

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China National Logging Corporation

Mud Logging Technology & Services

Mud Logging Workover

Reservoir evaluation Perforation Coiled Tubing

Where do we supply our services?

CNLC Operation in Sudan

Now we have operation for GNPOC, PDOC

Mud Logging Introduction

What is Mud Logging?

What is Mud Logging?

What is Mud Logging?

The service requires two to six

What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit

EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY

CNLC mud logging services are focused on adding

Cloth bags and paper clasp sample envelopes

Data Acquisition system

We use sensors to acquire the parameters, use on-

Drilling Speed (ROP) Rotary speed / Pump

Rotary Torque Sensor Pressure Sensors

Mud Flow out Mud Conductivity in/out

Mud Weight in/out Pit Volume

Depth Trace Pit Level

Chromatographs and Gas detectors

All mud logging units of CNLC use FID detector to

Chromatographs and Gas detectors

z Analyzes drilling and logging data;

Sandstone: color, fabric, grain size, roundness,

Estimate of the Percentage

Grain size card:

Shape of the cutting

Oil Shows Description:

Staining and Bleeding

Directly fluorescence under UltraViolet box

Cut fluorescence under UV box

Solvent Cut Fluorescence

Another way to analysis hydrocarbon bearing

If the formation bear the hydrocarbon, when the

Gas analysis process:

Gas analysis process:

3. Monitoring For Safety Drilling

Engineering Parameters to log:

Difficult Hole Condition：

Trip monitor sheet

Trip monitor sheet

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