CONFIDENTIAL*/SULIT* Identity card number: ‘Centre number/index number......... (Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran) MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIK: MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJL AANMALAYSIA, MAJUSPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAILISPEPERIK SAANMMALAYS/A MAJUSPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANIMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIA MAJLISPE MALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMAL, AALAYSIA MAJLISPE MALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMAL AALAYSIA HD O2/2 A iter ane STEM 2004 415 MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIA, MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAY., y WJLISPEPER: Ay Mtseeeeny caANWvaY CHEMISTRY (KIMIA):|°2 25) 220000. SAANMALAYSIA MALLISPEPERIKSAANIMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANVALAYSIAMALIL ISPEPERICSMANMALAY eee aS MadigrercrissuaNttalavsA PAPER 2. (KERTAS 2) tit cpeoremcaanly MauLiseet STRUCTURE AND ESSAY (STRUKTUR DAN ESED jai Mauser: STRUCTURE AND ESSAY. (STRUITUR DAN ESED i413 MAJLISPEPERIKSAANIMAITwo and a half hours (Dua jam setengah) SPFPFRIKSAANIMALAYSIA MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMAL AYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAY SIA! ILISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIA. MAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAMAJLISPEPERIKSAANMALAYSIAM }PEPERIKSAANMALAYSIA. MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL) SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE) Instructions to candidates: For examiner's use Answer alll the questions in Section A in the spaces provided. All (Untuk kegunaan working must be shown. For numerical answers, units must be quoted pemeriksa) wherever they are appropriate. 1 Answer any four questions from Section B. For this section, write your answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a Z ‘fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical orden. Tie 3 ‘your answer sheets to this booklet. Answers may be written in either English or Malay. 4 A Data Booklet is provided. 5 Arahan kepada calor A Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dalam ruang yang disediakan. Semua kerja mestilah ditunjukkan. Bagi awapan berangka, 1 unit mestilah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang seswai. i Jawab mana-mana empat soalan daripada Bahagian B. Untuk bahagian ini, tulis jawapan anda pada helaian jawapan yang 9 dibekalkan. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas yang baru, 7 dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib berangka, Ikat helaian jawapan anda bersama dengan buku soalan ini. Total Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu, | (Jumlah) Buku Data dibekalkan, ‘This question paper consists of 23 printed pages and 5 blank pages. (Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 23 halaman bercetak dan 5 halaman kosong,) © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2004 STPM 962/2 {Turn over (Lihat sebelah) *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL* *Kertas soalan ini SULIT sehingga peperiksaan kertas ini tamat. SULIT*CONFIDENTIAL* 2 Section A [40 marks] Answer all questions in this section. 1 (a) The figure below shows several lines of the Lyman series in the hydrogen atom. jon spectrum of a x (i) Using a labelled energy level diagram, show how the line marked X on the spectrum. is formed. (ii) Draw an emission spectrum for a He’ ion that corresponds to the Lyman series of a hydrogen atom. [4 marks] 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 4 (6) Compound M;0, is added to glass to give the glass a blue colour. (i) State in which block in the Periodic Table the element Mis located. 1) The valence orbitals of M” ion have six electrons. Write the valence electron configuration of the M atom. (iii) Explain why the M” ion is blue. (iv) What colours were absorbed by the M** ion? (v)_ Name the element M. [6 marks} 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over, _ CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 6 2 The Haber process is used in the industrial production of ammonia, ‘The reaction equation is as follows. Na(g) + 3H(g) =» 2NHA(g) AH® = -92 kJ mol! (a) Ata temperature of 500 °C and a pressure of 500 atm, the system is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, Explain what is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium. [2 marks] (5) (i) Name a catalyst for the Haber process. (ii) Explain why the catalyst in (i) does not alter the equilibrium position in this process. [2 marks] (c) Ananalysis of an equilibrium mixture obtained from mixing gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen shows a composition of 40% of ammonia when the total pressure of the system is 20 atm. (i Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, K,, for the above equilibrium. (ii) Calculate the mole fraction of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia, (iii) Calculate partial pressures Ps, Py, and Pyy,- (iv) Calculate K,. [6 marks] 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 8 3° (a) Freons were used as coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators. One example of freons is trichlorofluoromethane. (i) Write the chemical formula of a freon other than trichlorofluoromethane. )) State a property of freons that justifies its use as a coolant. (iii) Name two reagents that can be used to prepare trichloroffuoromethane. (iv) Write an equation for the decomposition of trichlorofluoromethane into the species which are responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. [5 marks] (6) Lightning increases the air temperature in its path to about 33 000 °C. This temperature is sufficient to cause nitrogen and oxygen gases to react in air. (i) State the name of the gas formed during lightning. (i) Write the reaction equation for the formation of this gas. (iii) This gas can be obtained from the oxidation of ammonia in air in the presence of a platinum catalyst. Write an equation for this reaction. (iv) Write a chemical equation for the formation of the air pollutants from the gas in (i). [5 marks} 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 10 4 (@ Starting with 1-bromopropane, CH,CHsCH;Br, show the reaetion schemes to synthesise the following carboxylic acids. (i) CHyCH,COOH (ii) CH;CH;CH,COOH (4 marks] (b) Write equations for the reactions between benzoyl chloride, C,HsCOCI, and the following, ‘compounds and name the organic products according to the IUPAC nomenclature. @ CHsNH, Gi) C.HOH [4 marks} (c) Aspirin has the following structure. OK Give the products formed when aspi O—C—CH; is heated with aqueous potassium hydroxide solution [2 marks} 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. _ CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 14 Section B [60 marks} Answer any four questions in this section. 5 Water and ethanol are two solvents normally used in the laboratory. (@) A graph of vapour pressure versus temperature of water and ethanol is shown below. ‘Vapour pressure Jatm Ethanol Water 0-20-40 60-80 100 ‘Temperature/*C (Define the term vapour pressure. (ii) Using the kinetic theory, explain the change in vapour pressure with the change in the temperature of water. (iii) Explain the difference between the vapour pressure of water and that of ethanol at 60°C. [8 marks] (6) The boiling point-composition phase diagram for the solution of ethanol in water is shown below. Boiling point PC 0 9 «100% ‘Composition of ethanol (i) Discuss the type of deviation from Raoult’s law for the above solution, (ii) The alcoholic solution formed from the fermentation of carbohydrates contains about 12% to 15% of ethanol. Explain why pure ethanol cannot be obtained from the alcoholic solution by fractional distillation. [7 marks} 9622 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 16 6 (@) A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell currently in use generates a voltage of about 0.9 V at a temperature between 70 °C to 140 °C. (i) Write the reaction equations at the cathode, anode and the overall reaction for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, (ii) Calculate the voltage*for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell under standard conditions. (iii) What are the advantages of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell compared to other chemical cells? [8 marks] (b) MgCl is a stable compound in the solid state but disproportionates to Mg and MgCl, in aqueous solution. (i) Using the data below, construct a Bom-Haber cycle for MgCl to explain its stability in the solid state. Standard enthalpy of atomisation of Mg = +146 kJ mol” Standard enthalpy of atomisation of Cl; = +122 kJ mol” First ionisation energy of Mg = +738 kJ mol” Electron affinity of Cl = -348 kJ mol Lattice energy of MgCl (estimate) = -830 kJ mol” (ii) Explain the disproportionation reaction of MgCl {7 marks} 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 18 7 (a) In acid solution, bromide ions are slowly oxidised to bromines by bromate(V) ions as represented by the following ionic equation. BrOy + 6H" + SBr° —> 3Br, + 3H,0 The following data gives the results of four experiments at constant temperature. Experiment | [BrO;]! | [BrIt [LH]! | Initial rate of reaction! number | moldm* | moldm* |_ mol dm’ mol dm~ 1 0.400 0.280 0.031 1.29 x 10° 2 0.600 0.280 0.031 1.94 x 10° 3 0.600 0.560 0.031 3.87 x 10° 4 0.400 0.280 0.062 5.16 x 10° (i) Write the two half-reaction equations for the above reaction. (ii) Calculate the order of reaction with respect to BrO,", Br” and H ions. Write the rate equation for the reaction. (iv) Find the value of the rate constant in experiment number 4 when the pH of the solution is2.2. [9 marks] (6) Explain what would be observed when an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate is added to an aqueous solution of aluminium ions. Write equations for the reactions that occur. {6 marks} 1962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over, CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 20 8 (a) A halogen X and hydrogen gas react when heated in the presence of a platinum catalyst to form HX. When HX is dissolved in water, an aqueous solution is formed. When aqueous silver nitrate solution is subsequently added to this solution, a precipitate insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia is formed. (i. Identify the halogen X and explain your answer. (ii) Halogen X dissolves in aqueous NaX solution and in trichloromethane. State and explain the observation of the reaction involved. (7 marks} (6) The common oxidation states for transition metal ions are +2 dan +3. The graph below shows the trend in standard reduction potential for M"*(aq)/M*"(aq) system for several transition metal ions. HS Standard +1.0 electrode potential 5 ay 0 Ti v Cro Mn Fe ~— Co (i) Name an ion that is stable in the +2 oxidation state in aqueous solution. Explain your answer. (ii) An aqueous solution of iron(II) ions undergoes changes in colour from pale green to yellow when exposed to air. Explain the observation. [8 marks] 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 22 9 (a) Alkenes undergo addition reactions according to the Markovnikov’s rule. State the Markovnikov's rule Write the structural formulae of the major products from the following addition reactions. @ CL, + HC] ——> Hs (ii) CHCH.—G=CH—CH, rome woes, cH, (ii) (cu, + H,SO, He. cone. [4 marks] (8) Write the mechanism for the following chlorination reaction. CH,CH,CH, + 2c, > CHCHCH.CI + 2HC1 a Explain the formation of (CH;),CHCH(CHs), as a side product in the chlorination reaction above. [5 marks] (©) Organometallic compounds such as organolithium and organomagnesium are very important in organic synthese (i). Give the reaction equation for the preparation of butyllithium. (ii) Show the reaction sequence in the preparation of 2-phenyl-2-hexanol from butyllithium, iii) Compare the reactivity between Grignard reagents and organolithium. [6 marks] 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 24 10 (a) Compound 4 is a phenylalanine which is an essential amino acid that must be provided in the diet for healthy growth. A can be synthesised from the 3-phenylpropanoic acid. The structural formula of 4 is given below. NH CH,—CHCOOH Oo (i) Name A according to the IUPAC system. Draw the structure of A at isoelectric point. State the direction of the movement of 4 when a potential difference is applied to an aqueous solution of 4 at isoelectric point. Draw the structure of 4 at pH = 2. (iv) Give the reaction equation for the following. (a) The formation of a tripeptide only from A (6) ‘The formation of an amide using A and the 3-phenylpropanoie acid by a two- step reaction, (v)_ Give a chemical test to differentiate the 3-phenylpropanoic acid from 4. [12 marks] (6) What is meant by the following? (i) The structure of primary protein The structure of secondary protein [3 marks} 962/2 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. 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