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Overview of Networking
Network: interconnected collection of autonomous computers,
capable of exchanging information.
• Local Area Network (LAN) intended for connecting computers at
same site.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) used when computers or LANs need
to be connected over long distances.
New York
Shanghai
Communication
network
--Useful as
A basis for understanding distributed
technology in general
A framework for characterizing the
EMP E2 D1 42K
E3 D2 30K
E4 D2 35K
E5 D3 48K
New York
EMP# DEPT# SALARY Shanghai EMP# DEPT# SALARY
N_EMP E1 D1 40K
E3 D2 30K
S_EMP
E2 D1 42K
E4 D2 45K
E5 D3 48K
Objective 6
Replication Independence
A system supports data replication if a given
base relation or fragment can be represented in
storage by many distinct copies or replicas,
stored at many distinct sites.
Ideally should be “transparent to the user”.
E5 D3 48K
Ingres Oracle
GATEWAY
(SQL) (SQL)
Site X Site Y
Types of distributed database
Homogeneous DB Heterogeneous DB
♦ all sites use the same ♦ sites may run different
DBMS sites. DBMS product.
♦ approach provides ♦ occur when sites have
incremental growth and implemented their own
allows increased database.
performance.
Homogeneous Database
Identical DBMSs
Non-identical DBMSs
Transparency in a DDBMS
Transparency hides implementation details from users.
2. Transaction Transparency
Transaction transparency: Ensures all distributed Ts maintain distributed
database’s integrity and consistency.
2. Transaction Transparency
3. Performance Transparency
DDBMS: - no performance degradation due to distributed architecture.
- determine most cost-effective strategy to execute a request.