BZ¨vw` G‡`‡k GKw`b cÖwZwôZ n‡e fvev n‡qwQj| Avgv‡`i gvbyl `xN©¯’vqx
Ges HwZnvwmK KZ¸‡jv j‡¶¨i †ev‡a mZ¨B DcbxZ n‡q‡Q e‡j GKw`b g‡b
evsjv‡`‡ki eyw×e„wËK PP©v : m¼U I m¤¢vebv
evsjv GKv‡Wgx-Av‡qvwRZ 1998 mv‡ji eB‡gjvi mgvcbx Abyôv‡b cÖavb
AwZw_i fvl‡Y gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb Mfxi `ytL K‡i‡Qb wbgœiƒc : ÒGKzk ev
GKvˇii †PZbvi †Kv‡bv AvQi wK co‡e bv Avgv‡`i Lvm&j‡Z?Ó (†fv‡ii
KvMR mvgwqKx, 6 gvP©, 1998) Avgv‡`i A‡hŠw³K Bs‡iwR-cÖxwZi Kvi‡Y,
Ges †m cÖm½wU‡K mvaviYxKiY (generalise) KÕ‡i wZwb †h e„nËi Av‡¶c I
cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb, Avwg Rvwb bv, Zvi †cQ‡b †Kvb& me e¨_©Zv Ges m¤¢vebvnvwbi
†eva gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi g‡b wµqvkxj wQj| Z‡e, wZwb †h G‡¶‡Î
mvaviYxKiY D”PviY K‡i‡Qb, Zv ¯úó, Ges †m-Kvi‡YB Av‡¶c I cÖ‡kœi H
AwZ msw¶ß D”PviYI Avgvi Kv‡Q AZ¨š— Zvrch©c~Y© I weijcÖvwß| j¶Yxq
†h H msw¶ß fvl‡Yi `yÕ`y‡Uv ¯’v‡b GB GKB Av‡¶c I cÖkœ D”PvwiZ| A_©vr,
gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi fvl‡Y Zviv wew”Qbœ wKsev `yN©Ubv bq| fvl‡Yi cÖvq
ïi“‡ZB, Av‡iv A_©c~Y©fv‡e wZwb cÖ_‡g e‡j‡Qb : ÒGKz‡ki †PZbvi I
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi K_v †h GZevi D”PviY Kwi, Zv wK †KejB A_©nxb, ïay
evMvo¤^i| Avgv‡`i Lvm&j‡Z Kx †Kv‡bv †PZbvB AvZ¥xK…Z n‡e bv?Ó (cÖv¸³)
wØZxqev‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb Avgv‡`i cÖ_g-DׄZ evK¨wU| Gfv‡eB gynv¤§`
nvweeyi ingvb Avgvi Ges nq‡Zv Av‡iv Kv‡iv-Kv‡iv g‡b Zuvi R‡b¨ wba©vwiZ
Abb¨ kª×vi AvmbwUi Av‡iv mZ¨ AwaKvix n‡q I‡Vb| Ges/KviY, Zvi
Kɯ^i m¤ú~Y© wbtm½ †kvbv‡Z _v‡K|
mZ¨B, GKzk Ges GKvˇii †PZbvi ¯§„wZgvÎB GLb evsjv‡`‡k cÖvße¨| †mB
†PZbv wKsev Zv‡K ev¯—evq‡bi ZiZvRv A½xKv‡ii AwaKvix cÖvq-KvD‡KB
GLb Avi evsjv‡`‡k Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb wbðq
gvb‡eb †h Gme †PZbv Avgv‡`i RvwZi R‡b¨ wewfbœ fwel¨r `~i‡Z¡i KZ¸‡jv
j¶¨‡K ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jv| †hgb, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv, RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿ (wbðq
ag©wbi‡c¶) Ges mgvRZš¿; A_©vr, Av‡iv b¨vh¨ GKwU mgvR Z_v ivóªe¨e¯’v,
1 2
n‡qwQj| Zvn‡j, AvR †Kb Avgv‡`i g‡b n‡”Q, Avgv‡`i ÔLvm&j‡ZÕ GKzk I
GKvˇii †PZbviv ÔAvZ¥xK…ZÕ nqwb? `vwi`ª¨ Ges m¤ú`¯^íZvi g‡Zv ev¯—e
mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y wKQz j‡¶¨i AbymiY I ev¯—evqb gvi †L‡Z cv‡i, wejw¤^Z
n‡Z cv‡i, eû mgv‡RB †Zgb NU‡Z †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ GUv wK fvev hvq †h,
GKwU RvwZi Lvm&jZ ev ¯^fv‡e Zvi D™¢eKvjxb Av‡›`vjb I msMÖv‡gi †PZbv
we›`ygvÎ AvZ¥xK…Z n‡e bv? wKsev, †PZbv‡jv‡Ki †h kw³ I m¼‡íi mg_©‡b
Avgiv GKvˇii ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ch©š— `yM©g c_ AwZµg K‡iwQjvg,
cieZ©x c_cwiµgvq Zvi Av‡jv, Zvi kw³ G‡Zv Ach©vß cÖgvY n‡”Q, n‡e?
cieZ©x e¨_©ZviÑMwZnxbZv Ges cðv`cmi‡Yi-cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †Zv Õ47-Õ71
mgqKv‡ji A‡bK NUbv Ges Aa¨vqI Zv‡`i Kw_Z-cwigvY Zvrch© Ges
gvÎvi `vwe‡K AvR Avi a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Zvn‡j wK e‡›` D`ig-Gi
VvÆvB mZ¨? ZvQvov, e¨vcK g‡bvfve n‡jv, ivR‰bwZK cðv`&MwZi †¶‡Î
evsjv‡`k †h Õ75-Gi nZ¨v I cÖwZwec­‡ei myev‡` evwK wek¦‡K cÖvq †bZ…Z¡
w`‡q‡Q, ïay cÖfvweZ bv n‡q, eis cÖwZwµqvi mc‡¶ GB AÂj I ewnwe©k¦‡K
AwaKvskUv cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q, Giƒc mZ¨‡K j¶¨ bv-Kiv Ges bv-gvbv|
Avgv‡`i †PZbvMZ Z_v eyw×e„wËK ˆ`b¨ I `ye©jZvi cÖKUZg cÖKvk n‡”Q
msweavbMZfv‡e Ges ev¯—e mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki w`K †_‡KI
AZ¨š— ¯úó me cðv`cmi‡Yi Giƒc A¯^xK…wZ Ges evsjv‡`k‡Kw›`ªK GK
AÜ-DMÖ mwfwbRg| ZviB cwicÖKvk wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl mvgvwRK-
ivR‰bwZK ev¯—eZvi mc‡¶ P‡j‡Q GLb mgq‡meK (time-server) Ges
AvZ¥m‡š—vl-Drcv`K ÁvbPP©vi bvbv †Kv‡kk; e„w×e„wËi e¨vcK cwi‡ek n‡q‡Q
cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi mg_©K ag©mv¤cÖ`vwqK RvZxqZvev` Z_v cÖ”Qbœ wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i
g‡Zv bvbv m¼xY© I Avgv‡`i-Dwj­wLZ-ai‡bi myweavev`x †SuvK Øviv Avµvš— I
Av”Qbœ| GR‡b¨ Dbwesk Ges wesk kZvãxi mgvR-BwZnv‡mi †h mKj w`K I
Aa¨vq‡K cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡b Ges cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j cvwK¯—vbcš’xiv e¨envi
K‡iwQ‡jv, †m¸‡jv‡K Avevi wePvi-we‡k­l‡Y wb‡q Avmv n‡”Q, mv¤cÖ`vwqK
g‡bvfv‡ei Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR-cwi‡e‡ki m`„k cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K hyw³m½Z
cÖgvY Kiv n‡”Q| †hb, ag©wfwËK ivRbxwZi AwfÁZv Av‡MB Avgv‡`i h‡_ó
nqwb, Ges †hb m¤úwK©Z cÖkœ¸‡jvi evB‡i, Avgv‡`i †`kevmxi R‡b¨ Ri“wi
Ges ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ab¨ †Kvb welq/Bmy¨ †bB| GBfv‡e Avgv‡`i eyw×e„wËK
GwjUMY mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi evRvi-A_©bxwZ-ivRbxwZ‡Z wb‡R‡`i wPš—vc‡Y¨i
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv eRvq ivL‡Qb, †PZbvi A‡avMwZ i“L‡Z wb‡R‡`i e¨_©Zv Keyj
Kivi cwie‡Z© eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ Z_v wb‡R‡`i f~wgKv‡K b¨vh¨ Ges m½Z cÖgvY
Kivi cÖqvm cv‡”Qb—d‡j, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Ges †kvlYgyw³i w`‡K mgvR-
cwieZ©‡bi cÖkœ Kv‡iv wPš—vi w`M‡š— ev †Kv‡bv Av‡jvP¨m~wP‡ZB Avi VuvB cv‡”Q
bv| GB cwiw¯’wZwU j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb mi`vi dRjyj Kwig, wZwb Aek¨ Gi
Av‡eMwfwËK we‡ivwaZvi wec‡¶ :
... GKwU mv¤cÖwZK †h cÖeYZv Avgv‡K DrKwÉZ K‡i †m n‡”Q GB, †hb †ek
GKwU msMwVZ †Póv Pj‡Q, BwZnvm †hLv‡b cvwK¯—vbZ‡Ë¡i g~j wPš—v I
Av`k©‡K †mKv‡ji wewfbœ mgv‡Ri mvaviY gvbyl‡K wef³ Kivi Rb¨ Dci
gn‡ji m‡PZb †Póv I Ask wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi †mB
w`KwU‡K D‡b¥vwPZ Kivi e`‡j Zvi h_v_©Zv cÖgv‡Yi bvbv KviY †LuvR K‡i
†ei Kivi GKwU cÖeYZviI †hb mv¶vr wgj‡Q| Ggb cÖeYZv‡K †hgb Avwg
A¯^vfvweK g‡b Kwi‡b, G cÖeYZvi hyw³i e`‡j Av‡eMwfwËK we‡ivwaZv‡KI
Avwg DËg e‡j g‡b Kwi‡b| (†fv‡ii KvMR mvgwqKx, c„ 14, 12/12/97)|
G cÖm‡½ Avgvi g‡b co‡Q mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j cÖKvwkZ Avng` Qdvi GKwU
cÖeÜ, Zi“Y †jLK-eyw×Rxex‡`iI †`‡LwQ cÖeÜwUi cÖwZ D”Q¡wmZ DòZv cÖKvk
Ki‡Z| cÖe‡Üi wk‡ivbvg ÒkZe‡l©i †divwi : ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vqÓ †_‡KB
Gi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© AvuP Kiv m¤¢e| ew¼‡gi Avb›`gV Ges ivRwmsn
Dcb¨vm-cÖ‡kœ wb›`v-mgv‡jvPbv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv hvq, wKš‘ GK ew¼‡gi wKQz
e¨_©Zv I m¼xY©Zv‡K hw` Òevsjv Z_v fvi‡Zi BwZnvm‡K GKwU KvbvMwjÓ†Z
†XvKvevi R‡b¨ GLbI me©vwaK `vqx Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv nq ÒZ‡e †Zvi evc Rj
†Nvjv K‡iwQjÓ-i g‡ZvB| Ges Awf‡hvM †Zvjvi Giƒc g‡bvfve wb‡q †h
KvbvMwj †_‡K KL‡bv †ei nIqv hv‡e bv, evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl cwiw¯’wZB Zvi
cÖgvY| Avng` Qdvi Kv‡Q cÖkœ, cvwK¯—vb (†h ivóªwU cÖwZôvi R‡b¨I ew¼g‡K
`vqx Kiv n‡q‡Q) †cwi‡q evsjv‡`k-bv‡gi †h Ô†mKz¨jvi MYZvwš¿K ivóªÕ
cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj, Avb›`gV I ivRwmsn cVb-cvV‡bi †Kvb& cieZ©x Kg©m~wP
cvwjZ nIqvq, Zv GLb Avevi cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K iv‡óª cwiYZ? ew¼g‡K
ag©Zvwš¿K ivóª cÖwZôvq e¨env‡ii wKQy my‡hvM ew¼g wb‡RB m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb,
wKš‘ `yÕm¤cÖ`v‡qiB wKQz †jLK-eyw×Rxex †kvlK ¯^v‡_©i n‡q †mB my‡hvM †LuvRv
I e¨envi Kivi KvRwU mgvav K‡ib| `ytLRbK †h, fviZ Ges evsjv‡`‡k
GLbI hviv †m KvRwU K‡i P‡j‡Qb, Avng` QdvI wM‡q Zv‡`i mvwi‡Z
`uvov‡”Qb| `ytLRbK GUvI †h evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi me©‡kl cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K PwiÎ
I cwi‡ek hviv †g‡b wb‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, Zviv GB Ae¯’vi Aemvb NUv‡bvi †Póv
bv KÕ‡i, bvbv wg‡_¨fvlY I †KŠk‡j GB cwiw¯’wZ‡K hyw³m½Z cÖgvY Kivi
3 4
†Póv Ki‡Qb, †mR‡b¨ †MvUv wek¦ Ges we‡klfv‡e fvi‡Zi ivRbxwZ I
ms¯‹…wZi †bwZevPK w`K I Ae¯’v¸‡jv‡K Zz‡j Avb‡Qb| (G‡¶‡Î e¨vcKfv‡e
j¶¨ Kiv hv‡e Ks‡MÖm Ges gymwjg jxM‡K Zzj¨g~j¨ ejvi g‡bvfve|) †hgb,
Qdv wj‡L‡Qb, Òwn›`y mgv‡Ri DÌv‡bi D‡b¥lc‡e© ivR‰bwZK †bZv I Kg©x‡`i
g‡a¨ wn›`y iv‡óªi ¯^cœ G‡ZvUv Mvpg~j n‡qwQj †h, Zvi AwfNvZ gymjgvb
m¤cÖ`vq‡K Av‡iKwU ag©Zvwš¿K ivóª cÖwZôvi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡qwQj|Ó cÖkœ n‡”Q,
GB Zzjbvi Ôwn›`yiv‡óªi ¯^cœÕ Zvn‡j †Kb Õ47 mv‡j ev¯—evwqZ n‡jv bv? we‡Rwc
†Zv GLbI wn›`yivóª cÖwZôvi msMÖvg Ki‡Q? Avi, ag©Zvwš¿K ivóª cvwK¯—vb †cwi‡q
G‡mI GLb Avevi †Kb evsjv‡`k cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K ivóª n‡q DV‡jv? Avng` Qdvi
ÔbvwZ¶z`ªÕ †jLvi `xN© wePvi-we‡k­lY m¤¢e| Avgvi Zv‡Z AvMÖn †bB| Avwg Rvwb
†b, GUv LuyZ aiv e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e wKbv, Z‡e †`‡Lï‡b Ges GKwU cÖkœ Kivi
my‡hvM †c‡q, †mUv KiwQ| cÖe‡Ü Qdv wj‡L‡Qb, ÒhyMcÖeZ©K ag©¸i“ nhiZ
gyn¤§`(mt) GKwU kw³kvjx RvwZi mªóvI e‡Ub?Ó (DÌvbceŸ©, c„ 14) Avgvi
cÖkœ, GB RvwZwU wK wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i GKwU RvwZ? †m‡¶‡Î Aek¨ Zuvi cÖeÜ
m¤ú‡K© Avi Avgvi †Kv‡bv AvcwË _vK‡e bv|
evsjv‡`‡ki wbw`©ó eyw×e„wËK cwi‡e‡k bvbv wWm‡Kvm© wKsev evP‡bi bv‡gI
AbMÖmiZv‡K i¶v Ges AMÖmi Kivi †Póv wKiƒc n‡Z cv‡i, †m-m¤ú‡K© aviYv
†`‡e e¨wZµgx cUfywgi Zi“Y †jLK Avwbmyj n‡Ki GKwU g~j¨vqb| KvRx
bRi“j Bmjv‡gi mvwnZ¨Kg© m¤ú‡K© †m-Kv‡jI mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`xivB bvbv
cÖkœ Zz‡jwQj, G-Kv‡j †m-m‡ei Ae¨vnZ cÖvmw½KZv m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Zzj‡Qb wKš‘
`yÕGKRb mgvRwew”Qbœ eyw×Rxexi m‡½-m‡½ bvbv wKwm‡gi wWm‡Kvwm©qvbMY,
DËi-AvaywbKZvev`xiv; Avwbmyj nK G-m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb :
evsjv KweZvq DËi-AvaywbKZvi mydj cvIqv hv‡e AvaywbKZvi ¶wZc~i‡Y;
cÖvK-AvaywbKZvq wKsev Av‡iv Av‡Mi mvgš—Zvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡a wd‡i hvIqvq
bq| AvaywbKZvi meUv Lvivc bq, meUv fv‡jvI bq, †ijBwÄb Bs‡iRiv
G‡b‡Q e‡jB Avgiv Zvi Ici †i‡M _vK‡ev bv| wKš‘ DËi-AvaywbKZvi bv‡g
mvgš—Z‡š¿i RÄvj¸‡jv †hb Avgv‡`i cÖZvwiZ bv K‡i| Avgv‡`i DËi-
AvaywbKZv †nvK Jcwb‡ewkK AvaywbKZvi Mj`¸‡jv AwZµ‡gi| cÖvK-
AvaywbK mvgš—-Zvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡ai Kjy‡l AvZ¥v KjywlZ Kivi bq|
†mKzjvwiRg cwðg †_‡K Avmv, Zv K‡jvwbqvj myZivs cÖkœmv‡c¶—GK_v
ejvi mgq Avgiv †hb fy‡j bv hvB, Avgv‡`i Av‡Qb PÊx`vm, Ômevi Dc‡i
gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvBÕ, Av‡Qb jvjb, Ôme †jv‡K Kq jvjb Kx RvZ
msmv‡iÕ Ges Av‡Qb bRi“j, ÔMvwn mv‡g¨i Mvb/gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQz bvB,
b‡n wKQz gnxqvb|Õ (†fv‡ii KvMR mvgwqKx, 23 AvM÷, 1996)|
AvcvZZ G cÖm½ _vK| Avgv‡`i k¼v, G-cÖe‡Üi ïi“‡Z Avgv‡`i Dwj­wLZ-
ai‡bi Av‡¶c cÖKv‡ki Kvi‡Y gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi fveg~wZ©I G‡`‡k
gvi †L‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi bv, †Kv`vj‡K †Kv`vj ej‡Z ev‡a
†Kv_vq? wØZxqZ, ¯^xKvi Ges wPwýZ bv-K‡i wK ev¯—e‡K cvëv‡bv hvq, hv‡e?
2 wbcxwo‡Zi RvZxqZvev`, Zvi ey‡R©vqv Z_v †kvlK PwiÎ wKsev gvÎv
GKzk Ges GKvˇii msMÖv‡g Avgiv Rqx n‡qwQjvg, KviY ms¯‹…wZi †¶ÎwU
†_‡K †mw`b hvÎv ïi“ n‡qwQj, e¨vcK msL¨vMwiô eyw×Rxex-†jLK-Kwe-wkíx
Ges QvÎmgvR GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| Zuviv †mw`b cvwK¯—vwb Z_v ag©mv¤cÖ`vwqK
avivi g‡a¨ wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi wKsev wb‡R‡`i fwel¨r I gyw³‡K Luy‡R cvbwb|
gyw³ Luy‡R-Luy‡R aviYv Ges Av`k©MZfv‡e A‡bK-A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb
Zuviv, wkí-ms¯‹…wZ Ges mvwn‡Z¨i †¶‡Î A‡bK g~j¨evb iPbv I m„wóI ZvB
†mw`b m¤¢e n‡qwQj| mvgwqK I ˆelwqK ¯^v_©-Z¨vM Ges msMÖv‡gi Av`k©
MÖn‡Yi g‡a¨B LuyR‡Z n‡e ZLbKvi †mme K…wZ I mvd‡j¨i Drm| wKš‘, †mB
Z¨vM I msMÖv‡gi aviv ax‡i-ax‡i kw³ I MwZ nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki
mgv‡R ga¨¯—‡ii ivR‰bwZK kw³ I avivi †bZ…Z¡ †hgb D”PZi †kªYxi †kvlK
kw³i †bZ…Z¡ Øviv, nZ¨v-Kz¨ I mvgwiK kvm‡bi gva¨‡g, `ª“ZB cÖwZ¯’vwcZ
n‡q‡Q, ¯’vqx n‡q D‡V‡Q, wej‡¤^ Ges ax‡i-ax‡i n‡jI eyw×e„wË Z_v ms¯‹…wZi
†¶ÎwU‡ZI mgvš—ivj GKwU cÖwµqvB m¤úbœ n‡”Q| AvR‡Ki wbgœ Ges ga¨¯—‡ii
e¨vcK msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li ¯^v‡_©i c‡¶ I Ae¯’v‡b `uvwo‡q evsjv‡`‡k GLb Avi
ZvB ivRbxwZi †¶ÎwUi Zzjbvq ms¯‹…wZi †Kv‡bv AMÖmiZi Ae¯’vb Luy‡R cvIqv
hv‡”Q bv| j¶¨ Ki‡jB †`Lv hv‡e evsjv‡`‡k QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi †¶‡Î wewfbœ
avivi kw³ I mg_©‡bi AvbycvwZK wPÎwU, wk¶K we‡klZ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
wk¶K‡`i AwaKvs‡ki gZve¯’v‡bi cÖwZwµqvkxj Ges GgbwK, fxlYfv‡e
mywe‡aev`x †Suv‡Ki Avwa‡K¨i wPÎwUI| AZtci, Kwe-†jLK-wkíx eyw×RxexI
hLb/hw` e¨vcK mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ Zv‡`i j¶¨-wb‡`©k‡Ki/m‡PZ‡Ki f~wgKv
nvwi‡q, e¨emvqx wKsev ivRbxwZKmyjf bvbv ˆelwqK ¯^v_©eyw×i ØvivB
cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡Kb, ZLb cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi Zzjbvq wfbœ wKQz NUvi
m¤¢vebv/AeKvk evsjv‡`k iv‡óªI _v‡K bv| e¨vcK RbM‡Yi ¯^v_©i¶vi cÖ‡kœ
Ôevsjv‡`kÕ—GB bvggv‡Îi wbðq †Kv‡bv hv`yKix ¶gZv †bB| cvwK¯—vbx
kvmK‡Mvôxi Kv‡qgx ¯^v‡_©i we‡ivwaZv Ges GKwU wbcxwoZ Rb‡Mvôxi
ag©wbi‡c¶ RvZxqZvev‡`i mg_©K nIqvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ wQj Avgv‡`i †jLK-
wkíx-eyw×Rxex‡`i ZzjbvgyjK kw³, AMÖmiZv I m„RbkxjZv| GLb Giƒc
5 6
GKwU Ae¯’v‡bi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z hv cÖgvY n‡e, Zv †evanq avivevwnK GKwU
cÖwZwµqvkxj Ae¯’v‡bi †P‡qI wb›`bxq, gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi mnbxq
fvlvq Zv †Kv‡bv wKQzB Lvm&j‡Z AvZ¥xK…Z bv nIqvi gZ A™¢yZ GK cwiw¯’wZ;
Ab¨fv‡e ej‡j, e¨vcviUv `uvovq eyw×e„wËK mywe‡aev` Ges †`D‡jcbv|
gyw³hy× Ges Zvi wKQzKvj ci ch©š—I evsjv‡`‡k hv wQj AwaKvskUv
cieZ©xKv‡j cÖej I cÖKU n‡q I‡V| evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i AvIZvqI Zv
NUv m¤¢e Ges N‡U‡Q| wKš‘, HwZnvwmKfv‡e Gi m‡½ gyw³hy× Ges mswk­ó
fvev`k©mg~n RwoZ _vKvq, evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev` Ges Zrm~‡Î mv¤cÖ`vwqK
I wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i aviYv¸‡jv G‡bB G‡¶‡Î m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q me©vwaK cwigvY
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g~jbxwZi wfwˇZ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi hvÎv-ïi“ m¤¢e n‡jI, cÖK…Z mZ¨
cieZ©x‡Z GUvB ¯úó †evSv †M‡Q †h GKK_vq gyw³hy‡×i avivq ivóª
cwiPvjbvi g‡Zv eyw×e„wËK Z_v †PZbvMZ AMÖMwZ wKsev kw³mÂq GLvbKvi
¯’vbxq mgv‡R KL‡bvB N‡Uwb|
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wb‡q AMÖmi n‡Z wM‡qI ïay †h eû mvsMVwbK-cÖkvmwbK e¨_©Zv G‡m‡Q, Zv
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wew”Qbœ n‡q‡Qb `‡ji †fZ‡i, `j †_‡K| `j Zvi †bZvi aviYv Ges Kg©m~wPi
m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡q Pj‡Z Pvqwb, cv‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K, ivóªxq Pvi bxwZi Aci
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msweav‡bi e„nr BmjvgxKiY N‡U‡Q; †Zgwb weMZ (Õ96-i) wbe©vP‡bI
evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev‡`i mg_©Kiv †c‡q‡Q 62/63 kZvsk †fvU| ivóªxq Pvi
bxwZ Z_v gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©mg~‡ni evsjv‡`‡k GUvB me©‡kl Ae¯’v| G‡`‡k
GLb wKQzw`b ey‡R©vqv cvj©v‡g›Uvwi e¨e¯’v Pvjy _vKv‡KB Avgiv euv‡Pvqv Ges
Ri“wi g‡b KiwQ, Zv‡ZB Avgiv mš‘ó †eva Ki‡ev; wKš‘ †m-cÖ‡kœI Avgiv
gv‡Sgv‡SB kw¼Z †eva Kwi| Gfv‡eI Avgiv Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri †PZbvMZ
kw³ ev AMÖMwZ‡K ey‡S wb‡Z cvwi| RvZxq cwiPq-cÖ‡kœ m„ó wefw³i wKsev
msweav‡bi BmjvgxKi‡Yi †Kv‡bv `ª“Z Aemvb Avgiv Avkv Kwi bv, †m-j‡¶¨
KvD‡K DwØMœ wKsev ZrciI g‡b nq bv| mgvRZš¿ GLb wek¦cwim‡iB GKwU
wec`vcbœ I `ye©j Av‡›`vjb| Z‡e G cÖ‡kœI evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¨ we‡kl
`ytLRbK I Zvrch©c~Y© e¨vcvi n‡jv GUvB †h, ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©xKv‡j G‡`‡ki
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†mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cZ‡bi Ae¨ewnZ c‡i, wb‡R‡K G‡R›U cÖgvY Kivi
g‡Zv `ª“ZZvi m‡½B, AwaKvskUv †f‡½ hvq| ejv n‡q _v‡K †h KwgDwb÷
cvwU©i cÖwZwU m`m¨B GK-GKRb eyw×Rxex; ZvQvovI, evsjv‡`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki
KwgDwb÷ cvwU© wQj ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Ges evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i c‡¶ me©vwaK
¯^”Q I `„p ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v‡bi HwZn¨evnx aviK-evnK GKwU msMVb| GB
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evgcš’x gZv`‡k©i bq, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv I ag©wbi‡c¶ RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi
AbMÖmiZv Ges `ye©jZvi Avi GK AZ¨š— e„nr cÖgvY| Avgiv G-cÖe‡Ü GB
me cðvrc`Zv I `ye©jZv‡KB we‡klfv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z PvB; RvZxqZvev`x‡`i
¯^fvemyjf †WgvMwM Ges evsjv‡`k‡Kw›`ªK GKUv wg‡_¨ D”Q¡vm I m¼xY©
ivóªvwfgvb wb‡q GB GLbI ch©š— Pj‡Z PvIqvq h‡_ó Ges cÖvq-Ac~iYxq ¶wZ
Avgv‡`i B‡Zvg‡a¨B n‡q‡Q| Zrm‡Ë¡I, Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri †PZbvMZ
cðvrc`Zv Z_v m¼U m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv Dcjw× wKsev ˆPZ‡b¨v`q
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†eva Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv ev¯—e e¨_©Zvi wKsev cðv`cmi‡Yi ¶wZc~iY Ki‡e bv|
gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi Av‡¶‡ci e³e¨wU Kvb I gb †c‡Z ïb‡Z n‡e;
ex‡ii i³ Ges gvZvi AkÖ“cv‡Zi cwigvY G f~L‡Ê wecyj; Avmyb, Avgv‡`i
7 8
Aj‡¶¨ †mme wKQy P~ovš— e¨_© nIqvi Av‡MB eis Avgiv †ZgbUv NUvi Dcµg
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gvZ…f~wgi me©‡kl Av`k©MZ Ae¯’vbwU‡K wbY©q Kwi, cÖ‡qvRbxq nZvkv‡K aviY
Ges mn¨ Kwi; KviY, Ab¨_vq, Avgv‡`i cybivwfhv‡bi j¶¨ †_‡K hv‡e
AwbY©xZ, fwel¨r KZ©e¨I Am¤úbœ|
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq Av`k©mg~n msi¶‡Y Gi cÖ_g
miKvi‡K †eM †c‡Z nw”Qj, G‡`i A‡bK gvivZ¥K m¼xY©Zv I e¨_©ZvI wQj;
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nZ¨vKvÊ cÖK…Zc‡¶ GKwU `xN© cÖwZwec­‡ei m~Pbv NUvq| mËi `k‡Ki †klva©
Ges †MvUv Avwki `kKe¨vcx avivevwnK GK cðv`MwZi avivq aŸsm Kiv nq
cÂvk I lv‡Ui `kK Ges gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q AwR©Z †PZbvMZ DËi‡Yi
AwaKvsk mydj‡K| AveviI ewj, Zvi KviY n‡jv, cÖ_gZ, MYZvwš¿K I
cÖMwZkxj ewnwe©k¦ Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡× †h Av`k©MZ ms‡hvRb NUvq, ¯’vbxq Z_v
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mgv‡Ri ey‡R©vqv (Z_v †kvlYwfwËK) weKv‡ki kw³ Ges AeKvkB AwaKZi
e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq g~jbxwZmg~n wQj G ey‡R©vqv weKv‡ki
Aš—ivq, g~jbxwZmg~‡ni mg_©K eyw×e„wË wKsev †PZbv `„p Ges kw³kvjx bv-
nIqv‡ZB Zvi civRq I AvcmKvwgZvi ga¨ w`‡q mgvR I ivóª P‡j †M‡Q
ey‡R©vqv MYZš¿ Ges m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK-cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
I e¨e¯’v MÖnY I cwi‡cvl‡Y| Avgv‡`i g~j msweav‡bi KvUv-†Quov †PnvivUvi
e¨vL¨v g~jZ cvIqv hv‡e GB HwZnvwmK cÖwµqvi g‡a¨| Z…ZxqZ, cieZ©xKv‡j
ewnwe©‡k¦I MYZš¿ I cÖMwZi kw³i, civRq bv n‡jI, e„nr GK cðv`cmiY
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c„w_ex‡Z| Zvi d‡j, evsjv‡`‡ki AbMÖmi I `ye©j e„w×e„wË ewnivMZ †Kv‡bv
Av‡jv ev mg_©‡bi Afv‡e, e¨vcKZi mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ c_cÖ`k©K f~wgKv cvjb †Zv
`~‡ii K_v, m¤ú`jyɇbi RvZxq g‡bve„wËiB mg_©K I Askx`vi n‡q D‡V‡Q|
wKš‘, GmeB n‡”Q Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri eyw×e„wËK m¼‡Ui, †mLvbKvi MwZnxbZv
Ges AwaKvskUv cðv`cmiYkxj cwiw¯’wZi AvZ¨wš—K e¨vL¨v, mgvR-
Av_©bxwZK we‡k­lY| GB cwiw¯’wZi Aci GK D‡j­L‡hvM¨ w`K n‡”Q
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK Av`wk©K Ae¯’vbmg~n Ges Zv‡K Z¨vM Kivi
g‡bve„w˸‡jvi ga¨Kvi Uvbvc‡ob, we‡klZ Av`k©Z¨v‡Mi NUbv¸‡jv‡K
hyw³wm× cÖgv‡Yi bvbv gg©vwš—K I nvm¨Ki cÖqvm| `xN© msMÖvg Ges wecyj
i³¶q, BZ¨vw` g~‡j¨ AwR©Z e‡jB Av`k©¸‡jv‡K Z¨vM Kiv Ges
cðv`cmi‡Yi AvPiYmg~n wQj ch©vqµwgK Ges cÖZviYv I AvZ¥-
cÖZviYvg~jK| GB cwiw¯’wZ Aek¨ BwZnv‡m Dcwb‡ekev`x‡`i c‡¶ mf¨Zv-
we¯—v‡ii `vwe`vi nIqvi g‡Zv Awbevh© Ges GKBiƒc Acivax
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aviYvwUi g‡a¨ †gav I †KŠk‡ji Dcv`vb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©, gyw³hy× Ges ag©Zš¿‡K
wgkª‡Yi gva¨‡g GLv‡b cÖK…Zc‡¶ †gjv‡Z PvIqv n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i mv¤cÖwZK
BwZnv‡m hv wQj `y‡Uv wecixZ †mªvZ| KviY, GKwU ag©Zvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’vi
wei“‡×B msNwUZ n‡qwQj evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK gyw³hy×| wKš‘, ag©wfwËK
ivRbxwZi `xN© I gg©vwš—K AwfÁZvmg~n‡K A¯^xKvi KÔ‡i Ges evsjv‡`kx
RvZxqZvev‡`i bv‡g ag©‡K AwaK †_‡K AwaKZi cwigv‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki
ivRbxwZi GK Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb Ges wfwˇZ cwiYZ Kiv nq| msweav‡bi
Aóg ms‡kvabx Z_v ivóªag© wn‡m‡e Bmjvg‡K MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`k‡K
cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| msweav‡b Ôwemwgj­vwni ingvwbi
ivwngÕ ms‡hvRb, ag©wfwËK ivRbxwZ‡K ˆeaZv cÖ`vb, BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
†Rbv‡ij wRqv evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY, we‡klZ wkw¶Z e¨w³‡`i gvbwmKZvq
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Dwj­wLZ Kvi‡YB GLb ch©š—I Avgv‡`i †jLK-wkíx-eyw×RxexMYI
BmjvgxKi‡Yi GB me c`‡¶‡ci wei“‡× e¨vcKfv‡e †mv”Pvi nbwb| my‡hvM
†c‡j Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB eis evsjv‡`‡ki DcRvZxq‡`i wKsev cwðge‡½i
evOvwj‡`i cÖkœ Zz‡j evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev‡`i †hŠw³KZv cÖgv‡Yi †Póv
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BmjvgxKiY Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q, Hfv‡e DcRvZxq‡`i ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡n¨i R‡b¨
m¼U m„wó K‡i‡Q Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡b mw`”Qvi
cwiPq w`‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i gy‡L DcRvZxq‡`i cÖkœ LyeB Abvš—wiK
†kvbvq| Zv‡`i R‡b¨ `„óvš— wn‡m‡e eû †`‡k (evOvwj‡`i g‡Zv) GKB
RvwZmËvi Aw¯—Z¡I eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z wgj‡e| Zv‡`i g~j AwfcÖvq †hLv‡b
msweavb Ges ivRbxwZi BmjvgxKiY, evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev‡`i DwKjMY wK
GKB mg‡q, GKB m‡½ Ges evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev‡`i bv‡g evsjv‡`‡k Zv
NUv‡bv nqwb ej‡Z cvi‡eb? evsjv‡`k‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi avivevwnKZv ej‡ZI
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9 10
cÖgvY K‡i‡Q| †Muvovwg Ges †bwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei cÖvav‡b¨i cwi‡e‡k
evgcš’vi GÕ`kvB nq| mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j, †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g ivóªxq ¶gZvq G‡m,
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi‡KI B‡Zvc~‡e© msNwUZ e¨vcK BmjvgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ Zvj
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AvIqvgx jxM †hgb we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z eo †Kv‡bv n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Q bv, ms¯‹…wZ
I e„w×e„wË wKsev evg ivRbxwZi GjvKv †_‡KI BmjvgxKiY- n«v‡mi Z_v
ag©wbi‡c¶ evZveiY m„wói j‡¶¨ †Kv‡bv eo Kg©KvÊ †bB|
weGbwc wKsev evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev‡`i avivi ivRbxwZi ag©wfwËK.
Abvqvm, e¨vcK I ¯’vqx RbwcÖqZvi ev¯—eZvwU †h evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× wKsev
Gi ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi c‡¶B mivmwi we‡ivwaZvg~jK—m¤ú~Y©
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g‡a¨ KL‡bv cwijw¶Z nq bv| cÖ_g †_‡KB eis GK ¯^Ztõ~Z© cÖkœnxbZvi
m‡½-†h GB `jwU e¨vcK RbMY Ges wkw¶Z e¨w³‡`i wbKUI GKwU weKí,
e„nr aviv wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges hv‡”Q, Zv-B n‡”Q GKwU eo cÖgvY
†h Õ72-Gi msweav‡bi g‡a¨ Awfe¨³ †PZbv Ges eyw×e„wˇZ evsjv‡`‡ki
e¨vcK RbM‡Yi †Zv bqB, Gi eyw×Rxex‡`iI †Kv‡bv cÖ‡ekjvf wKsev DËiY
N‡Uwb| Aek¨, Aveyj †gv‡gb Zuvi wKQz Dcm¤úv`Kxq wbe‡Ü G-m¤ú‡K© †jLvq
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AZ¨š— e¨wZµg| 5 GwcÖj, 1997-Gi †fv‡ii KvMR-G †gv‡gb wj‡LwQ‡jb :
hLb Avgiv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kv‡Q GKwU `¶ wbi‡c¶ mr miKvi cÖZ¨vkv
KiwQ, cÖZ¨vkv KiwQ AwaKZi MYZvwš¿K ms¯‹…wZi PP©v, ZLb weGbwci Kv‡Q
Avgv‡`i cªZ¨vkv †Zv n‡jv 52 †_‡K m~wPZ mKj Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g cwiõ~U
I gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g D™¢vwmZ †h ivR‰bwZK j¶¨v`k© Avgv‡`i i‡q‡Q, ZviB
ev¯—eZvi Av‡jv‡K mvgÄm¨c~Y© ivRbxwZ Zviv `uvo Kiv‡e| bZzev †Zv
ivR‰bwZK msNvZgq cwiw¯’wZ wKQz‡ZB `~i n‡e bv|...weGbwc ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i
g~j Av`k© I cÖ‡Yv`bv‡K MÖnY K‡iwb| AvR Aewa K‡iwb| ZvB †`Lv hvq,
AvIqvgx jxM-we‡ivax ivRbxwZ `uvo Kiv‡Z w`‡q Zviv MÖnY K‡i P‡j
gyw³hy‡× civf~Z cÖZ¨vL¨vZ ivR‰bwZK Av`k©|
me©vwaK `ytLRbK n‡jv †h, cÂvk I lv‡Ui `k‡Ki hveZxq Av‡›`vjb-
msMÖv‡gi Ges gyw³hy‡×i hveZxq wk¶v I AwfÁZv m‡Ë¡I, Õ47 mv‡ji
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evsjv‡`k‡K GK ai‡bi cvwK¯—vbKi‡Yi Awfhvb mdj n‡q‡Q| ÔAmg
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ey‡R©vqv weKv‡ki ¯^v‡_©B wRqvDi ingvbiv evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi cvwK¯—vb-hvÎvi
m~Pbv NUvq| Zvrch©c~Y© n‡jv, g~jMZ GB BmjvgxKiY Ges cvwK¯—vb-hvÎvi
R‡b¨/†¶‡Î wRqvDi ingv‡bi KvjyiNvU †eZv‡i ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvVKvixi
fveg~wZ©wU e¨envi-KivB h‡_ó cÖgvwYZ nq, Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi Ges wZwik
j¶ knx‡`i ¯§„wZi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb Ges Avgv‡`i-Kw_Z Uvbvc‡ob ej‡Z
Giƒc †QvULv‡Uv wKQzB| Ggb me wKQz †_‡K g‡b n‡e †h, evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY
Rbgvbm I eyw×Rxex mgv‡R BmjvgwfwËK cÖPvi I AccÖPv‡ii Av‡e`b cÖvq Õ47
mv‡ji cwigv‡YB A¶zYœ †_‡K †M‡Q| Aeva ey‡R©vqv weKv‡ki avivq evsjv‡`k‡K
wb‡q hvIqvi †`kx-we‡`kx cwiKíbvKvixiv evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi ivR‰bwZK gb¯—
Ë¡¡ we‡k­lY Ki‡Z wM‡q BmjvgwfwËK Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqK cÖPvi-AccÖPvi‡K
mwVKfv‡eB †gv¶g A¯¿ wn‡m‡e w¯’i K‡i| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi
cÖev`Zyj¨ RbwcÖqZv ch©š— RbM‡Yi BmjvgwfwËK Av‡eM-Abyf~wZi wbKU civwRZ
nq| Ges RxweZ e½eÜz‡K Av¶wiK Ges Av`k©MZfv‡e cwiZ¨vM K‡iB G-
†`‡ki gvbyl wfbœ/wecixZ GK D‡Ï‡k hvÎv ïi“ K‡i| RxweZ, wKsev ejv hvq
†kl-Rxe‡bi e½eÜzi A‡bK Av`k© I a¨vbaviYv‡K ev` w`‡q, GLb kvnv`vr-
eiYKvix e½eÜz‡K wKQzUv MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q; wKš‘, Zvi cwigvYI †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi
G¨v‡Zv-msMÖvgx †Kv‡bv ¯’cwZi c‡¶ we¯§qKiiKg Kg| GB A™¢yZ ev¯—eZvi
KviY Ab¨ wKQz bq, †PZbv ev Av`k©‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k ivóª cÖK…Zc‡¶
evsjv‡`k Ges cvwK¯—v‡bi g‡a¨ wef³ n‡q Av‡Q| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †h,
Avgv‡`i RbM‡Yi AwaKvsk nq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †PZbvq KL‡bvB DËxY© nqwb,
bZzev mvgwqK DËi‡Yi c‡i Avevi cvwK¯—v‡bi fvev`‡k© wd‡i †M‡Q|
weªwUk fvi‡Z cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi Av`‡j evsjv‡`‡k weGbwc bv‡g GKwU
ivR‰bwZK `j Ges aviv cÖwZôvi e¨vcviwU‡K wkw¶Z-Awkw¶Z wbwe©‡k‡l
Avgv‡`i gvbyl K‡Zv wbwe©Kvi Ges ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †m-m¤ú‡K©
Avwg B‡Zvc~‡e© e‡jwQ| ˆelwqK ¯^v_© AMÖmi Kivi ¯’~j †jv‡f ag© Z_v
Bmjvg‡K e¨envi KivB †h G-†¶‡Î g~j e¨vcvi, cuPvËi-cieZ©x mg‡q
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kvmbvg‡ji †P‡qI AwaKZi gvÎv I cwigv‡Y †kvlY, `ybx©wZ
I ˆ¯^ikvmb Ae¨vnZ _vKv †hgb Zvi cÖgvY, A‰bmjvwgK e‡j Kw_Z
e¨vcvi¸‡jvi Aemvb bv-NUvI Zv-B| e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖ_g AvIqvgx jxM
miKv‡ii `ye©jZv-e¨_©Zv kZevi ¯^xKvh©, gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©¸‡jvi wfwˇZ
msMwVZ †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK kw³i Øviv AvIqvgx jxM ev evKkvj miKv‡ii
11
D‡”Q`I n‡Z cvi‡Zv mg_©b‡hvM¨, wKš‘ hv N‡U‡Q Zv cvwK¯—vbcš’v Øviv
evsjv‡`k-avivi D‡”Q`| fviZ wKsev GgbwK cvwK¯—v‡bI weªwUk aviv
Ggbfv‡e cybtcÖwZwôZ nqwb, evsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯—vbcš’v h‡ZvUv| A_P,
Avgv‡`i gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© †mv”Q¡v‡m `vwe Kiv nq †h Gi ïi“‡Z wQj GK cÖej
mvs¯‹…wZK RvMiY, GLv‡b N‡U‡Q Acwi‡gq i³cvZ-AkÖ“cvZ, wQj mk¯¿
msMÖv‡gi Ges Rbhy‡×iI GKwU Aa¨vq| G‡Zv me kw³ I Dcv`vb AZtci
civwRZ n‡jv Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri †Kvb& wcQzUv‡bi Kv‡Q? Kw_Z ÔAvIqvgx
`ytkvmbÕ-Gi †P‡q DrK…ó/†kªq †Kv‡bv kvm‡bi hyw³‡Z wK GB cðvrhvÎv‡K
MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv hv‡e? ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, ïay wew”Qbœ KwZcq mvgwiK
Awdmvi‡`i Øviv mvwaZ n‡qwQj cuPvˇii c‡b‡ivB AvM‡÷i nZ¨vKvÊ| wKš‘
mZ¨ n‡”Q GUvB †h, H nZ¨vKvÊ wQj GKwU ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©b, Ges Gi
†`kx-we‡`kx †nvZviv Rbgvb‡mi c¶ †_‡K AbyK~j mvovcÖvwß m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ
n‡qB cv evwo‡qwQj| ZvQvov, Õ90 Gi Kg‡ewk wbi‡c¶ wbe©vP‡b †Zv †mB
nZ¨vKv‡Êi †ewbwdwmqvwiivB †fv‡UI Rqhy³ nq, Õ96-Gi Abyiƒc wbe©vP‡b
wR‡Z hviv ¶gZvmxb n‡q‡Qb, †fv‡Ui ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY ÔBmjvgÕ
ZvivI Ki‡Qb; Õ96-Gi wbe©vP‡bi ci ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i wei“‡× wbe©vPb-cÖ‡kœ
msNwUZ mwnsmZvi NUbv¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv cÖwZev`I Zviv K‡ibwb| evsjv‡`‡ki
ivRbxwZi G‡Zv cvKvcvwK BmjvgxKiY Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqKxKiYB N‡U †M‡Q!
3
mvaviY Ges mvgwMÖK GB ch©‡e¶Y-†k‡l Avgiv wKQz-wKQz NUbv I `„óvš—‡hv‡M
evsjv‡`‡k eyw×e„wËi ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Ges cÖMwZkxjZv AR©‡bi m¼U m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| G‡¶‡Î wKQz e¨w³MZ cÖm½ G‡m co‡e, Avkv Ki‡ev
mswk­ó mK‡j †Lvjv‡gjv Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ¯^v‡_© G¸‡jv‡K e¨w³MZ wµqv-
cÖwZwµqv bv †f‡e, mgvR‡PZbv-we‡k­lY I wbY©‡qi cÖqvm wn‡m‡e MÖnY
Ki‡eb| AvcwË, cÖwZev` Ges wfbœgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvMI mK‡jiB i‡q‡Q|
ZvQvov, G‡¶‡Î mswk­ó e¨w³‡`i‡K Avwg Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri wewfbœ avivi
cÖwZwbwa¯’vbxq †f‡eI AMÖmi nw”Q|
cÖ_‡gB Avgvi g‡b co‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
kvLvi mfvq R‰bK ag©xq msL¨vjNy mf¨ Õ72-Õ73 mv‡ji †Kv‡bv GK mg‡q
GKwU cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jb Giƒc : wØRvwZZË¡wfwËK ÔK…wÎgÕ ivóª cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi
fyj wK evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q m¤ú~Y© ms‡kvwaZ n‡q‡Q? wek¦
KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi ZLbKvi Av`k©MZ cwi‡e‡k Ges Dcwb‡ekev‡`i Øviv
12
wØLwÊZ †ek KÕwU RvwZmËvi GKÎxKiY wb‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
Giƒc cÖkœ Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †h-Kv‡iv g‡b †`Lv w`‡Z cvi‡Zv, wZwb Zv
D”PviYI Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘, Ab¨vb¨ w`K †_‡KI A‡bK D`viZi †mB
mg‡q GB cÖkœ DÌvcb Kivq †mB cvwU©mf¨ †mw`b cvwU©i AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GK
†K›`ªxq †bZvi c¶ †_‡K m‡iv‡l-m‡¶v‡f Ômv¤cÖ`vwqKÕ, BZ¨vw` Awf‡hv‡M
Awfhy³ nb, Ges fr©mbv †kv‡bb| cieZ©xKv‡j wRqvDi ingv‡bi N‡ivqv
ivRbxwZi AvIZvq-Av‡qvwRZ GKz‡k †deª“qvwii GK mgv‡e‡k GB cvwU©i c¶
†_‡K bvbv kZ©mv‡c‡¶ evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev`‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv nq|
Z‡e, Gme m‡Ë¡I, GB cvwU©i ivRbxwZ‡ZB ag©wbi‡c¶ evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i
cÖwZ Aby‡gv`bB me©`v AwaK cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Me©vPfx we‡jvc I wefvR‡bi
ci Gi †h AskwU GLb mwµq, evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z evgavivi weKv‡k Zvi
¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb _vK‡e e‡jB g‡b nq| wKš‘, Avgv‡`i †Zgb Avkvev`
gvivZ¥K †nuvPU Lvq, hLb †`wL GB cvwU©i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Zi“Y †bZv Ges †MvUv
evsjv‡`‡ki eyw×Rxexgn‡j Zuvi cÖR‡b¥i D¾¡j cÖwZwbwa Gg. Gg, AvKvk
evsjv‡`k QvÎ BDwbq‡bi Õ98 mv‡ji GKz‡ki msKjb RqaŸwb-†Z cÖKvwkZ
Qv·`i Rb¨ Zvi w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK iPbvwUi ïi“‡Z Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
mv¤cÖwZK BwZnv‡mi cÖvq-mv¤cÖ`vwqK GKwU fvl¨ Dcw¯’Z K‡ib :
GB evsjv‡`k... wQj... cwðge‡½ Aew¯’Z KjKvZv e›`‡ii GKwU cðv`f~wg
(Hinterland)| (Giƒc evK¨ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jv‡ZI wQj—
eZ©gvb †jLK)| g~jZ gymjgvb K…lK Ges wn›`y Rwg`vi wb‡q MwVZ c~e©e‡½i
Rb‡Mvôx‡K VvÆv K‡i ZLb †_‡KB ÔevsMvjgÕ e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv †nvZ|
(K…lK I Rwg`vi cwiP‡qi m‡½ wn›`y-gymwjg cwiPq †hvM KivUv K‡ZvUv
wb‡`©vl Ges gv·©ev`m¤§Z?—eZ©gvb †jLK) GB evsMvj‡`i g‡a¨B cv‡Ui
UvKv‡K wfwË K‡i Ges bIqve‡`i evwo‡Z RvqMxi wn‡m‡e Aa¨qb K‡i M‡o
I‡V GKwU ¶z`ª wkw¶Z gymjgvb ga¨weË †kªYx/†Mvôx| G‡`i‡KB Avwg ejwQ
cÖ_g kw³|... wn›`y gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi Amg weKvk Ges e„wU‡ki a~Z© Divide
and Rule bxwZi Kvi‡Y †kl ch©š— ag©wfwËK ivRbxwZi avivB Dcgnv‡`‡k
cÖavb ivR‰bwZK avivq cwiYZ nq| d‡j Dcgnv‡`k wØLwÊZ nq| cvwK¯—vb
bvgK iv‡óªi evsMvwj-AevsMvwj gymjgvbiv fviZ bvgK evsMvjx-AevsMvjx
wn›`y‡`i iv‡óªi wecix‡Z Ae¯’vb †bq| (evievi `v½v n‡jI, fviZ wK
msweavbMZfv‡e Ges ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i AwaKvi, msL¨v, BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv w`K
†_‡K Ôwn›`y‡`iÕ ivóª?—eZ©gvb †jLK) fvi‡Z ¶gZvq AwawôZ nq Ks‡MÖm|
cvwK¯—v‡b ¶gZvq AwawôZ nq gymwjg jxM| fvi‡Z GKwU msL¨vjNy gymjgvb
†Mvôx Gi c‡iI †_‡K hvq| mgfv‡e evsjv‡`‡kI GKwU msL¨vjNy wn›`y †Mvôx
i‡q hvq| (GKw`‡K fviZ, I Ab¨w`‡K cvwK¯—vb I evsjv‡`‡ki mswk­ó
cwiw¯’wZ‡K †hfv‡e Zzjbxq ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z (1) g‡b nq me©‡kl ev‡K¨
Ôevsjv‡`‡kÕ Gi ¯’v‡b cvwK¯—v‡bÕ wjL‡Z bv †c‡i Gg. Gg. AvKvk LyeB
13
`ytwLZ| (2) GLvb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hyׇK fvi‡Zi Pµvš— ejvi
Ae¯’vbI Lye `~ieZ©x bq|—eZ©gvb †jLK)... 1950 †_‡K 1970 GB wek
eQ‡i m„wó n‡jv Av‡iKwU wekvj msMÖvgx Av‡›`vjb| AvZ¥cÖZvwiZ evsMvjx
gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi AvZ¥cÖwZôvi msMÖvg| GB msMÖv‡g ¯^fveZB AMÖmi wPš—vi
Dcv`vb¸wj hywM‡q‡Q evsMvjx gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi AMÖmi Ask, hviv ïi“
†_‡KB cvwK¯—v‡bi weåvwš—i wei“‡× Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb| (GB msMÖvgxiv wK
ïayB gymwjg wQ‡jb? Ômgfv‡eÕ †_‡K hvIqv wn›`yiv †Zv AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vc,
KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z msMwVZ wQj| e³e¨wU wK Zvn‡j GB †h, cÂvk I lv‡Ui
`k‡Ki msMÖv‡gi GKwU RvZxqZvev`x PwiÎ wQj bv? mv¤cÖ`vwqK ZrciZvB
mv¤cÖ`vwqK dj I cwiYwZ jvf K‡i‡Q? ZLbKvi Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi GK
mgqKvi AwZ BwZevPK g~j¨vq‡bi wecix‡Z GLb GUv wK GKwU AwZ
†bwZevPK g~j¨vqb bq? bv-wK, G n‡”Q msMÖv‡g e¨_©Zv I wek¦vmNvZKZvi
mZ¨ Ges `vq‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi †Póv?—eZ©gvb †jLK)
wbe©vP‡bi g‡ZvB RbwcÖqZvi Ab¨ evRvi †h Avgv‡`i †`‡ki eyw×RxexivI
nviv‡Z Pvb bv, Zvi AmsL¨ cÖgvY GLb Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q| cÖvmw½Kfv‡e Avgvi
g‡b co‡Q †h, Õ92-Gi wW‡m¤^‡i eveix gmwR` aŸs‡mi cÖwZwµqvq evsjv‡`‡k
msNwUZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK mwnsmZvi cUf~wg‡Z AbywôZ Avc&‡mv (AAPSO)-
Av‡qvwRZ GKwU RbgZ-msMVb mfvi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e AZ¨š— bvgx GK
Aa¨vcK D”PwKZ K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb mv¤cÖ`vwqK mwnsmZvi NUbvejxi
ÔJcgnv‡`wkK cwi‡cÖw¶ZwUÕ m¤ú‡K©| Aa¨vcK g‡nv`‡qi mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-
we‡ivax mvaviY gZve¯’vb Avgv‡`i mK‡jiB Rvbv, wKš‘ hLb
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`x‡`i mivmwi wa°vi Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb me©vwaK, ZLb
cwi‡cÖw¶Z †LuvRvUv Zv‡`i R‡b¨ ARynvZ wKsev gvR©bv msMÖ‡ni g‡Zv| we`vq
n‡R¡i fvl‡Y Bmjv‡gi bex †h-†hŠw³K g‡bvfve wb‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒwcZvi
Aciv‡a cy·K wKsev cy‡Îi Aciv‡a wcZv‡K `vqx Kiv hv‡e bv,Ó AvRI hw`
Avgiv Z‡ZvUzKz †hŠw³KZv Ges wePvi‡ev‡ai AwaKvix bv nB, Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b
bexi Giƒc e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb bv-Kwi, Zvn‡j GKRb mvaviY eyw×Rxex wn‡m‡eB
Avgv‡`i †Zv ZLb Avi `vwe Kivi _v‡K bv| A_P, evsjv‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex‡`i
g‡a¨ Dwj­wLZ Aa¨vcK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-we‡ivwaZv Ges Abyiƒc bvbv f~wgKvi
wePv‡i wewkó| wKš‘, mvaviY wKsev wewkó-Giƒc †Kv‡bv gvbB Avgv‡`i i¶v
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv hLb †`k Ges RbM‡Yi ¯^v_©i¶vi Zzjbvq e¨w³-eyw×Rxexi
evRvi i¶vi R‡b¨ bvbv wnmve K‡l K_v ejvi cÖ‡qvRb cÖej n‡q DV‡Q|
ZvQvov, cwi‡cÖw¶Z †LuvRvi e¨vcviwU `xN© Ges A‡kl cÖgvwYZ n‡Z cv‡i|
cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi bvbv NUbv, AvPiY, e³e¨
BZ¨vw`i `vq, `vwqZ¡ Z_v cwi‡cÖw¶Z A‡bK Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q, n‡”Q—wKš‘
14
ÔAmg weKvkÕ-Gi ARynv‡Z cÖwZwôZ cvwK¯—v‡b GLb hLb kZKiv GK fvM
msL¨vjNyi Aw¯—Z¡I Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv, Ges †`Lv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k msL¨vUv
†b‡g G‡m‡Q Kg‡ewk 30% †_‡K 10/12%†Z, ZLb †evSv hvq †h cvwK¯—vb
wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki msL¨v¸i“ m¤cÖ`v‡qi c¶ †_‡K ïayB ARynvZ †LuvRv
n‡qwQj| GB `y‡Uv iv‡óªi msL¨vjNy‡`i cÖwZ AvPiY ïay Zv‡`i mg wKsev Amg
weKvk bq, Aw¯—Z¡i¶vi c‡¶B ûgwK cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡iv wei“‡×
mv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfv‡ei Awf‡hvM †Zvjvi ˆbwZK AwaKvi AviI _v‡K bv, hLb
evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ, ¯^vaxb ivóªxq mxgvi g‡a¨, Ges ¯’vbxq †kvlK
†kªYx¯^v‡_©i Pv‡c, mv¤cÖ`vwqK †gvo MÖnY K‡i `xN©¯’vqxfv‡e| wKš‘,
GZ`m‡Ë¡I, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex‡`iI †`Lv hv‡e cÖvmw½K-
AcÖvmw½Kfv‡e, mZ¨-wg‡_¨ `yB-B eÕ‡j, evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡K bvbv †`k,
we‡klZ fvi‡Zi m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z, †h-fvi‡Z we‡Rwc GLb ¶gZvq e‡U,
wKš‘ Zvi †fvU 32/33%, hv evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †fv‡Ui
†P‡q mvgvb¨ Kg| A_©vr, G wePv‡iI evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi wPÎwU †Kv‡bvµ‡gB
Zzjbxq bq, fvi‡Zi mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`xiv evsjv‡`‡ki ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`x‡`i
†P‡q Kg †fvU †c‡qB ¶gZvq| evsjv‡`‡k bvbviƒc mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`x‡`i hv
†fvU, fvi‡Z A-mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`x‡`i †fvU Zvi †P‡q †ewk Ges Zv lv‡Ui
N‡i| Giƒc †Kv‡bv GKK wePv‡i mvgwMÖK cwiw¯’wZ †evSv hvq bv, hv‡e bv,
wKš‘ Avwg ej‡Z PvB Avgv‡`i †PZbvMZ cðvrc`Zvi m‡½ hy³ †h ivóªvwfgvb
Z_v ag©vwfgvb †m-m¤ú‡K©, hvi †Nv‡i Avgiv Avgv‡`i e¨_©Zv Ges m¼U `~i
Kivi †Póv bv KÕ‡i, Zv‡K †mªd A¯^xKvi KiwQ| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi
µgvebwZkxj mv¤cÖ`vwqK cwiw¯’wZ cÖv_wgK ¯^xK…wZ Ges Z`&wfwËK wePvi-
we‡ePbviB evB‡i †_‡K hvIqvq, Gi DbœwZ mva‡bi cÖqvm ïi“i †Kv‡bv AvkvB
†Zv Avi Kiv hv‡e bv| GB ivóªvwfgvb Z_v ag©vwfgv‡bi m½x n‡”Q ewnwe©‡k¦i
wewfbœ e¨_©Zv Ges cðv`cmi‡Yi NUbvi g‡a¨ hyw³ I Avkªq †LuvRvi
g‡bvfveI| †m‡¶‡Î, Avgiv Av‡MI e‡jwQ †h GB mZ¨ j¶¨ Kiv nq bv
wKsev m‡PZbfv‡e Gwo‡q hvIqv nq †h, evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwec­ex-mv¤cÖ`vwqK
avivi m~Pbv n‡qwQj Õ75-Gi 15B AvM÷, hLb AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK
cwim‡i Abyiƒc †Kv‡bv e¨vcK cwi‡ek ev aviv Abycw¯’Z, Ges evsjv‡`‡ki H
NUbvB eis GZ`‡j cÖwZwµqvi cðv`hvÎvi m~Pbv NUvq| Ab¨w`‡K †`Lv
hv‡e mvgwiK kvmK ev Abyiƒc ¯^ímsL¨K‡K `vqx Kivi, Ges m¤cÖxwZi
HwZn¨, BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© AvßevK¨ D”Pvi‡Yi cÖqvm| mvaviYfv‡e Amv¤cÖ`vwqK
(wKš‘ mwµqfv‡e mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-we‡ivax bb) Ges ïfeyw×m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv
15
†jLK-eyw×Rxex‡K Dwj­wLZ avivq GwM‡q GLvbKvi AebwZkxj cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨
ïay agx©q msL¨vjNy‡`i †`kZ¨vM‡K `vqx Ki‡ZI ï‡bwQ| GmeB n‡”Q
eyw×e„wËi †¶ÎwU‡Z A½xKv‡ii `ye©jZv, Ges e¨_©Zvi †ejvq `vq Gov‡bvi
g‡bvfve| wKš‘, Gwo‡q hvIqvi †Kv‡bv g‡bvfveB cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ NUvq bv,
NUv‡e bv|
ag©vwfgv‡bi †¶‡Î R‰bK evgcš’x Zi“Y eyw×Rxex‡KI (W. webvqK †m‡bi
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z) e¨w³MZ Avjv‡c ej‡Z ï‡bwQ Òag© _vK‡j, a‡g©i g‡a¨ †kªô‡Z¡i
cÖkœI _vK‡e|Ó †gŠwjK gv·x©q cÖZ¨‡q `ye©jZv A_©vr fveev`x `k©bKvVv‡gv
wn‡m‡e ag©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zzjbvi AmviZvi m‡½-m‡½ GLv‡b m¤¢eZ †`L‡Z
cvIqv hv‡e ag© wn‡m‡e Bmjv‡gi †kªô‡Z¡i `vwei cÖwZ Zuvi m¤¢ve¨ Aby‡gv`b|
evgcš’v, A‡Áqev` BZ¨vw` Abymi‡Yi `vwe`vi Avgvi Aci GK eÜz gv·©ev`x
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`x AvmMi Avjx BwÄwbqv‡ii †jLv `¨ AwiwRb G¨vÛ
†Wf‡jc‡g›U Ad Bmjvg eBwU m¤ú‡K© AvcwË Rvbv‡jb †h GwU Bmjvg
m¤ú‡K© Lye apologetically †jLv, A_©vr Zuvi A‡Áqev` wKsev evgcš’v †_‡K
Avgvi GB eÜz ag© m¤ú‡K© †MŠieRbK fvebvi wk¶v I †cÖlYvB ïay †c‡q‡Qb|
GKK_vq, Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© HwZnvwmK e¯‘ev`x wKsev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi wePvi-
we‡k­lYag©x g‡bvfve evgcš’x ev AvaywbKZvi `vwe`vi‡`i g‡a¨I K¡wPr Luy‡R
cvIqv hv‡e| g‡b co‡Q †h wmwcwe-i `wj‡jI ïay Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© ejv
n‡qwQj, Ges ejv n‡qwQj ïayB BwZevPKfv‡e| gymjgvb‡`i R‡b¨ Bmjvg
a‡g© mv‡g¨i mvgvb¨ cwi‡ekg‡Zv i‡q‡Q| wKš‘, Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ bvbv AZ¨š—
weiƒc g‡bvfve m‡Ë¡I, A‡bK a‡g©i GB c„w_ex‡Z wKsev evsjv‡`‡k †mB a‡g©i
ïay mv‡g¨i Av`k© m¤ú‡K© ejv hvq wK-bv, BZ¨vw` ZLb mgv‡jvPbvg~jKfv‡e
(critically) fvev nqwb| A_P, wn›`y, Bmjvg Ges wLª÷vb, BZ¨vw` a‡g©i
Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq iex›`ªbv_ 1922 mv‡j m`„k K‡Zv¸‡jv ΓwUwePz¨wZ
wbY©q K‡iwQ‡jb wbgœiƒc :
... c„w_ex‡Z `ywU ag© m¤cÖ`vq Av‡Q Ab¨ mg¯— ag©g‡Zi m‡½ hv‡`i wei“×Zv
AZz¨MÖ—†m n‡”Q wLª÷vb Avi gymjgvb ag©| Zviv wb‡Ri ag©‡K cvjb K‡iB
mš‘ó bq, A‡b¨i ag©‡K msnvi Ki‡Z D`¨Z| GB Rb¨ Zv‡`i ag© MÖnY Kiv
Qvov Zv‡`i m‡½ †gjevi Ab¨ †Kvb Dcvq †bB| wLª÷vb ag©vej¤^x‡`i m¤^‡Ü
GKUv myweavi K_v GB †h, Zviv AvaywbK hy‡Mi evnb, Zv‡`i gb ga¨hy‡Mi
MwÊi g‡a¨ Ave× bq| ag©gZ GKvš—fv‡e Zv‡`i mg¯— Rxeb‡K cwi‡ewóZ K‡i
†bB| GBRb¨ Aci ag©vej¤^x‡`i Zviv a‡g©i †eovi Øviv m¤ú~Y© evav †`q bv|
wn›`yRvwZI GK wn‡m‡e gymjgvb‡`iB g‡Zv| A_©vr Zviv a‡g©i cÖvKv‡i m¤ú~Y©
cwi‡ewóZ| evn¨ cÖ‡Póv n‡”Q GB †h, Ab¨ a‡g©i wei“×Zv Zv‡`i c‡¶ mKg©K
bq—Awn›`y mg¯— a‡g©i m‡½ Zv‡`i non-violent non co-operation| a‡g©i
16
 †¶‡Î wn›`yi ag© gyL¨fve Rb¥MZ I AvPvig~jK nIqv‡Z Zvi †eov Av‡iv
KwVb| gymjgvb ag© ¯^xKvi K‡i gymjgv‡bi m‡½ mgvbfv‡e †gjv hvq, wn›`yi
†m c_I AwZkq m¼xY©| Avnv‡i e¨env‡i gymjgvb Aci m¤cÖ`vq‡K wb‡l‡ai
Øviv cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i bv| wn›`y †mLv‡bI mZK©| ... ag©g‡Z wn›`yi evav cÖej bq,
AvPv‡i cÖej; AvPv‡i gymjgv‡bi evav cÖej bq, ag©g‡Z cÖej| GK c‡¶i †h
w`‡K Øvi †Lvjv, Ab¨ c‡¶i †m w`‡K Øvi i“×|... wn›`y hyM n‡”Q GKwU
cÖwZwµqvi hyM—GB hy‡M eªvþY¨ag©‡K m‡Pófv‡e cvKv K‡i Muv_v n‡qwQj|
`yj©•N¨ AvPv‡ii cÖvKvi Zz‡j G‡K `y®cÖ‡ek¨ K‡i †Zvjv n‡qwQj| (Kvjvš—i,
wn›`y-gymjgvb 1bs cÖeÜ, i/13/356-58)
†kªô‡Z¡i aviYvwU †h GK w`K †_‡K AMYZvwš¿KI, evgcš’x n‡qI Dwj­wLZ Zi“Y
eyw×Rxex Zv fv‡ebwb| cÖK…Zc‡¶, GB aviYv G‡`‡k Av‡jv-evZv‡mi g‡ZvB
me©e¨vcx| Avgvi g‡b co‡Q, mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j †nei‡bi R‰bKv Bûw` gwnjvi
Bmjvg-AegvbbvKvix AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev‡` evsjv‡`‡k niZvj cvwjZ n‡qwQj,
Zvi Av‡M G-cÖ‡kœ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm‡` M„nxZ me©m¤§Z wb›`v-cÖ¯—vewUi
ïi“‡Z ejv n‡qwQj Giƒc : Ôme©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô gnvgvbe nhiZ gyn¤§`
(mt)...Õ BZ¨vw`| GiciI evsjv‡`‡k weGbwc-i mg_©‡b niZvj cvwjZ nq,
wKš‘ gvbbxq msm`m`m¨MY j¶¨ K‡ibwb †h Zv‡`i wb›`v cÖ¯—v‡ei Dwj­wLZ
fvlvqI i‡q‡Q Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i cÖwZ wKQzUv GKB cÖK…wZi (Aek¨B GKB
cwigv‡Yi bq) Aegvbbvi g‡bvfve, †nei‡bi Bûw` igYx hv Bmjvg I Zvi
bexi cÖwZ DrKUfv‡e cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| hyw³i wel‡q Zzjbvi AeKvk _v‡K|
wek¦v‡mi wel‡q †hgb Zzjbv P‡j bv, GKwU ag©‡K †kªô ejvi Zvrch©I nj
Ab¨vb¨ ag© Ges Zv‡`i Abymvix‡`i‡K A‡c¶vK…Z wbK…ó ejv| G‡¶‡Î
Bmjv‡gi bex‡K ÔAb¨Zg †kªôÕ ej‡jB Dwj­wLZ ΓwUi m„wó n‡Zv bv|
G m¤ú‡K© cieZ©xKv‡j K_v e‡j †`‡LwQ, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖMwZkxj †jLK-
eyw×RxexMY RvZxq msm‡` M„nxZ GB me©m¤§Z cÖ¯—v‡e Giƒc fvlv e¨env‡ii
NUbvwU j¶¨ K‡ibwb| msm‡` M„nxZ cÖ¯—ve e‡jB GB fvlv‡K AZ¨š—
cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj fvev hvq, Ges †jLK-eyw×Rxex‡`i bRi-Gov‡bv †Zv G‡K K‡i
†Zv‡j kZfvM cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj| GUv Zvrch©c~Y© G-Kvi‡Y †h, Bmjv‡gi †kªô‡Z¡i
GB AvcvZ-wb‡`©vl Ges AZ¨š— e¨vcK g‡bvfveB msL¨vjNy‡`i cÖwZ ˆelg¨ Ges
wbh©vZbg~jK AvPi‡Yi GKvsk Aby‡gv`b`vZv Z_v Drm| Avi, Dwj­wLZ Zi“Y
evgcš’xi gZvbyhvqx ag© hw` †kªô‡Z¡i aviYv Qvov APj nq, Zvn‡j wn›`ya‡g©i
AvaywbK e¨vL¨vZv ivgK…ò wK K‡i ej‡jb, Ôh‡Zv gZ, Z‡Zv c_Õ? Avgvi aviYv,
†h‡nZz eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k-A‡j Bmjvg‡K ˆelwqKmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj m¤ú` I
¶gZvcÖvwßi PvweKvwV g‡b Kiv nq, †m‡nZzB GLvbKvi mewKQz‡K BmjvgwfwËK
17
K‡i †Zvjvi †cÖlYv, Ges GB Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ `vwe Kiv nq mvg¨mn Ab¨ mKj
†kªôZ¡I| iex›`ªbv_ wn›`y Ges Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K© ÔcÖejÕ ÔAvPviÕ Ges ÔcÖejÕ
Ôag©gZÕ-Gi †h †ivMwbY©q K‡iwQ‡jb, wn›`y-gymjgvb †KDB Zv‡K ch©vß Avgj
†`qwb| Z‡e wn›`yi ÔcÖejÕ ÔAvPviÕ KL‡bv-KL‡bv cÖkœ‡hvM¨ Ges ms¯‹v‡ii
welqe¯‘ n‡q‡Q, Ges wn›`y-msL¨vMwiô fvi‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zv msweav‡b ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q, GLb ch©š— wU‡K Av‡Q| ZvQvov, evsjv‡`‡k wn›`y‡`i AvPvicÖvej¨ †Zv
Zv‡`i msL¨vjNy‡Z¡i Kvi‡YI Avi msNv‡Zi eo KviY n‡”Q bv e‡j g‡b nq|
†m‡¶‡Î wbR¯^ cÖve‡j¨B nq‡Zv Bmjv‡gi Ôag©gZÕ msweav‡bi Ôivóªag©Õ
ms‡kvabx‡Z iƒc wb‡q‡Q, Ges MYZš¿, RvZxqZvev` BZ¨vw`i m‡½ ¯^vfvweK (?)
mnve¯’vb Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i e„w×Rxexiv fve‡Z hv‡”Qb bv †h, A¯¿-DuwP‡q i¶K
wn‡m‡e Pjvi `vwqZ¡ Gfv‡e hv‡KB †`qv †nvK bv †Kb, †bwZevPK `„wófw½i
Kvi‡Y †m Z‡j-Z‡j f¶‡K cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges `„k¨c‡U Avwef~©ZI n‡Z
cv‡i H f~wgKvq| Avgv‡`i Dcgnv‡`‡k weªwU‡ki ev¯—e weR‡qi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
¶wZc~i‡Yi kw³ †LuvRv n‡qwQj Ava¨vwZ¥K HwZ‡n¨ Ges Zvi cybi“¾xebev`x
As‡kI, ZviB cwiYwZ‡Z RvZxqZvev` wef³ nq, weªwU‡ki Dcgnv‡`k Z¨v‡Mi
m‡½-m‡½ N‡U mv¤cÖ`vwqK †`kfvM|
ivóªvwfgvb Z_v ag©vwfgvb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ evgcš’x ZvwË¡K e`i“wÏb
Dg‡iiI, c„w_exi Ges evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Avi me e¨vcv‡iB hvui †kªYxwe‡k­lY,
mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK e¨vL¨v| ïay mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv cÖ‡kœ Zuvi e³e¨ nj, mv¤cÖwZK
evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R †kvlY-eÂbvi R‡b¨ GB fvev`k©‡K e¨envi Kivi †Kv‡bv
kw³ ev Ae¯’v bvwK Abycw¯’Z| Zv, †mUv KLb †_‡K? †Kb? Ôevsjv‡`‡ki
eZ©gvb mv¤cÖ`vwqK cwiw¯’wZÕ (wecbœ mgq, m¤úv`bv : bv‡Rm Avd‡ivR, K¨v¤ú,
KjKvZv, 1992) wk‡ivbv‡gi GK cÖe‡Ü Dgi AZ¨š— we¯§qKifv‡e ej‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb †h ÔA_©‰bwZK †¶‡ÎÕ wn›`yivB ïay gymjgvb‡`i R‡b¨ ÔûgwKÕ,
gymjgvbiv wn›`y‡`i R‡b¨ bq| 1950 mv‡ji wn›`y‡`i ÔLye e¨vcK AvKv‡iÕ c~e©
evsjv Z¨vM K‡i cwðg evsjvqÕ hvIqv‡K Dgi e‡j‡Qb ÔwnRiZÕ Kiv, wZwb
e‡j‡Qb, ZLb ÒGi d‡j c~e© evsjv‡ZI A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î wn›`y‡`i †_‡K
gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZ †Kvb ûgwK, GgbwK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi m¤¢vebvI wZ‡ivwnZ nq|
Ges wVK G Kvi‡YB c~e© evsjv †_‡K me wn›`y Ab¨Î P‡j bv †M‡jI Ges GLv‡b
GK †KvwU wn›`y emevm Ki‡jI mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi Av_©-mvgvwRK wfwËf~wg
`ª“Z webó n‡Z _vKvq Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B c~e© evsjvq Amv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi
weKvk NU‡Z _v‡K|Ó (wecbœ mgq, c„ :76) Giƒc A™¢yZ aviYv `y®cÖvc¨
†h, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i e¨vcK †`kZ¨v‡Mi d‡j bvwK
18
Aewkó‡`i ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK we‡Øl- ˆel‡g¨i g‡bvfve `~i n‡q hvq,
Ges cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii wKsev c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi wn›`y-gymjgvb‡`i †¶‡Î bv-wK
Zv-B N‡UwQj! c~e© evsjvi gymjgvbiv mK‡j hw` Dwj­wLZfv‡e mv¤cÖ`vwqK
g‡bvfve †_‡K gy³B n‡eb, Zvn‡j †Zv ïay miKvwi bxwZi Kvi‡Y wn›`y‡`i‡K
`xN©Kvj I e¨vcKfv‡e †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Z nZ bv| e`i“wÏb Dgi‡KI †Zv Zvn‡j
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi mgm¨v wb‡q GKvwaK eB wjL‡Z nZ bv, †kl-lv‡Ui `k‡KI|
Aek¨ GLb g‡b nq, †m-me eBI †fZ‡i wn›`ywe‡Øl wb‡qB wjwLZ| GLb GI
†evSv hvq †h mgkΓ cvwK¯—vbx kvmK‡`i wei“‡× GKwU ïayB †K‡Rv Ges
AMfxi HK¨B c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b M‡o D‡VwQj, cÖK…Z †Kv‡bv Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbv
bq| Dwj­wLZ cÖe‡Ü e`i“wÏb Dgi GI `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h Õ71 m‡b bq, my`~i
Õ54 mv‡jB, mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Ò¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM m¤ú~Y©fv‡e DrLvZ nIqvi
ga¨ w`‡qB c~e© evsjvq mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ‡K G‡`‡ki RbMY Kei¯’ K‡ib|Ó
(wecbœ mgq, c„ :77) mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ bv-wK Gfv‡eB Ges G‡Zv mn‡R
DrLvZ nIqvi g‡Zv GKwU e¨vcvi, Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv bvwK c~e© evsjvi
gymjgvb‡`i c¶ †_‡K †kvlY-eÂbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cieZ©xKv‡j e¨envi‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv
nvwZqvi nq wb| ¯^‡cœI †h Dgi †kªYx-we‡k­lY K‡ib, wZwbB c~e© evsjvi
gymjgvb‡`i c¶ †_‡K eÂbv-†kvl‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi e¨envi n‡Z
†`‡Lb bv, m¤¢e g‡b K‡ib bv| GwK †`kvwfgvb, bv ag©vwfgvb? 1990 mv‡ji
†kl w`‡K fvi‡Z evewi gmwR‡` nvgjvi cÖwZwµqvq Òevsjv‡`‡k †h mv¤cÖ`vwqK
nv½vgv K‡qKwU ¯’v‡b wew”Qbœfv‡e N‡U,Ó Zv m‡Ë¡I Dgi Òwbtm‡›`‡nÓ e‡j‡Qb
†h eZ©gvb Òevsjv‡`‡k mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv ej‡Z ivR‰bwZK A‡_© hv †evSvq Zvi
we‡kl †Kvb cÖfve †bB| G cÖfve bv _vKvi Kvi‡YB GLv‡b Ggb †Kvb ag©xq
ivR‰bwZK `j †bB hviv wn›`y‡`i wei“‡× msMÖv‡g AeZxY© n‡q †fv‡Ui
ivRbxwZ‡Z A_ev mš¿vmx Kvh©Kjv‡c wbhy³ i‡q‡Q|Ó (wecbœ mgq, c„ôv : 77)
Gfv‡eB †MvUv cÖe‡Ü Awfgvbx Dgi nvwRi K‡i‡Qb Zuvi B‡”Qc~i‡Yi ZË¡, hvi
m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK-A_‰bwZK ev¯—eZvi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB|
fveLvbv GgbI †h mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv welqwU‡Z Dgi nvwZ-†Nvov hv ej‡eb, Zv-B
mZ¨ e‡j M„nxZ nIqvi g‡Zv eyw×e„wËK KZ©„Z¡ wZwb AR©b K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k
wn›`y‡`i msL¨v¯^íZvi hyw³‡Z GLv‡b mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Av_©-mvgvwRK wfwˇK
DavI K‡i †`qvi †h ¯^ag©vwfgvb Z_v mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z †Zv
Avi Kv‡iv c‡¶B Dg‡ii wbR¯^ gv·©ev`wm×fv‡e mv¤cÖ`vwqK nIqv m¤¢e bq|
gRvi e¨vcvi nj, Dg‡ii A™¢yZ hyw³ gvb‡Z †M‡j, gymjgvbiv †h ¯^vaxb fvi‡Z
†_‡K †M‡jb Ges †h‡Z cvi‡jb, Zv‡K fviZxq ivRbxwZi ag©wbi‡c¶ kw³i
19
cÖgvY bq, mv¤úª`vwqKZvi Awbevh© I ¯’vqx Drm wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e| Avi,
cvwK¯—vb †h cÖvq (ag©xq) msL¨vjNy k~b¨ n‡q wM‡q‡Q, †mUvB evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv,
cvwK¯—v‡biI Amv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZi wbwðZ M¨vivw›U| (Giƒc aviYv ï‡b gvbyl
nvm‡e bv, nvm‡e Ak¦!) Dgi AZtci Zuvi wbR¯^ gv·©ev‡`i we‡k­l‡Y Gikv‡`i
ivóªag© AvBb‡KI wb‡`©vl †NvlYv K‡ib, evgcš’x myweavev‡`i civKvôv n‡”Q Zuvi
G-msµvš— we‡k­lY, hvi g‡a¨ reductionist hyw³iI me QovQwo :
Gikv‡`i ivóªag© AvB‡b Bmjvg‡K ivóªag© wn‡m‡e †NvlYvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †gv‡UB
ag©xq bq| GB †NvlYvi m‡½ G‡`‡k ag©xq msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb RbM‡Yi
¯^v‡_©i †KvbB m¤úK© †bB| ïay ZvB bq, GB wejwU cÖK…Zc‡¶ msL¨vMwiô
RbM‡Yi wei“‡× msL¨vjNy †kvlK-kvmK †kªYxi GKwU lohš¿ gvÎ| GB
loh‡š¿i g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Ø›Ø m„wó K‡i Zv‡`i g~j Av_©-
ivR‰bwZK `vwe`vIqv †_‡K Zv‡`i `„wó‡K mwi‡q wb‡q Zv‡`i‡K weåvš—,
wef³, wec_Mvgx Kiv| (cvVK, Dg‡ii †kªYx-we‡k­l‡Yi †KŠkjx gwngv j¶¨
Ki“b, Dg‡ii †kl ev‡K¨ ewY©Z †Kv‡bv wKQzB bvwK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv bq!—
eZ©gvb †jLK)
evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg‡K ivóªag© †NvlYvi gva¨‡g G‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ,
ms¯‹…wZ BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î RbM‡Yi Rxe‡b, ag©xq msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb‡`i
Rxe‡bI †Kvb BwZevPK cwieZ©b N‡Uwb| Gi gva¨‡g ïay e„w× †c‡q‡Q †eZvi
I †Uwjwfk‡b ag©xq †cÖvMÖv‡gi mgq e„w× Ges wbh©vZb| (ivóªxq MYgva¨‡g
cÖvq-GK‡PwUqvfv‡e GKwU a‡g©i †cÖvMÖvg cÖPvi wK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv bq?—
eZ©gvb †jLK)
GLv‡b Aek¨ ejv `iKvi †h, mvgwiK miKviI Bmjvg‡K ivóªag© †NvlYv K‡i
we‡kl DcK…Z nqwb| hw` n‡Zv Zvn‡j GKvR Kivi Aíw`b ciB Zviv
RbM‡Yi e¨vcK Avµg‡Yi gy‡L c‡o DrLvZ nZ bv| Avm‡j G ai‡bi ag©xq
Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Ab¨ ag©xq m¤cÖ`v‡qi wei“‡× †Kvb AvµgY cwiPvjbvi g‡Zv
Av_©-mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZB AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡k †bB| (wecbœ mgq, c„ : 83)
Dg‡ii Kv‡Q webxZ cÖkœ, RbMY †Zv ïay Gikv`‡K DrLvZ Ki‡jv, `yÕ`y‡Uv
wbe©vwPZ miKviI †Zv ivóªag© AvBb‡K evwZj Ki‡jv bv, Avcbvi A™¢yZ
gv·©ev`-Gi Av‡jv‡K GB ev¯—eZvi e¨vL¨v wK? ZvQvov, Õ92 mv‡j evewi
gmwR` aŸs‡mi cÖwZwµqvq-msNwUZ A‡bK †ewkmsL¨K mv¤cÖ`vwqK nvgjv I
mwnsmZvi NUbv‡K †h †fv‡U-wbe©vwPZ weGbwc miKvi mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv e‡j
¯^xKviB Ki‡jv bv—Rbgvb‡mi †Kvb& cÖeYZv Zv? cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB cÖeYZv,
Avcbvi cÖeYZv Ges weGbwc-i cÖeYZv GKB, †h-Kvi‡Y Kg‡ewk `xN©
cÖeÜwUi †Kv_vI GB `jwUi D™¢e I cieZ©x f~wgKvi we‡k­l‡Y GKwU kãe¨qI
Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Avcwb K‡ibwb| Ôevsjv‡`k †_‡K wn›`yiv GLbI wnRiZ
K‡i fvi‡Z hvq,Õ †k­lf‡i G-K_v Avcwb e‡j‡Qb, †evSv hvq, †`kZ¨v‡Mi Kó
20
Avcbvi g‡a¨ GLbI ¯’j ~ Ges AcwiYZ Ae¯’vq i‡q †M‡Q| AviI GKwU
e¨vcvi ¯úó, Avcwb Pv‡”Qb, †hgbfv‡eB _vK‡Z †nvK bv †Kb, Avcbvi g‡Zv
weؾ‡bi ag©vwfgvb, BZ¨vw`i gyL †P‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wn›`y‡`i evsjv‡`‡kB
†_‡K hvIqv DwPZ—eZ©gvb msL¨vq I Ae¯’vq Zuviv GLv‡b _vK‡j cvëv
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv n‡e bv, `v½v bq, Dgi mv‡ne‡`i gyL D¾¡j †_‡K D¾¡jZi
n‡e| wn›`y‡`i eZ©gvb †`kZ¨vM, RwgRgv nviv‡bv, BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv wKQzB
Avcbvi gv·©ev`x we‡k­l‡Y †Kv‡bv mv¤cÖ`vwqK PwiÎ ev gvÎv iv‡L bv| G
†ejvq GB wn›`yiv Ô`wi`ªÕ| G †ejvq Avcbvi †kªYxwe‡k­l‡Y G mZ¨ Abycw¯’Z
†h †kvlY-eÂbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ `wi`ª‡`i wei“‡× ag©xq ˆelg¨ e¨envi‡KI ejv nq
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv| Avcbvi g‡Z, fvi‡Z we‡Rwci Kg©KvÊ Òmv¤cÖ`vwqK
cwiw¯’wZi AebwZB wb‡`©k K‡i,Ó Zvi g‡a¨ ÒfviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z Ggb GK
m¼‡Ui cwiPq cvIqv hv‡”Q, hvi MfxiZv, gg©v_© Ges cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Aí-
msL¨K fviZx‡qiB aviYv Av‡Q|Ó (wecbœ mgq, c„ : 85) A_P, Avcbvi
`„wó‡Z, evsjv‡`‡k †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kg©Kv‡ÊiB m`„k †Kv‡bv PwiÎ ev
djvdj †bB, Avcwb wj‡L‡Qb : Òevsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j GB ai‡bi
†Kvb Kg©m~wPi wPš—vB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †KD hw` GB ai‡bi Kg©m~wP wb‡q
ivRbxwZ †¶‡Î AeZxY© nq Zvn‡j RbMY Ab¨ †Kvb A‡¯¿i e¨envi bv K‡i
Zv‡`i‡K cÖKv‡k¨ cv`yKvi ØvivB cÖnvi Ki‡e|Ó wecbœ mgq, c„ : 85) Avcbvi
GB e³‡e¨i c‡i Aek¨ †Kv‡bv gš—e¨B Avi h‡_ó bq; ZvQvov Avgiv c~‡e©B
e‡jwQ Avcbvi ivóªvwfgvb Z_v ag©vwfgvb m¤ú‡K©| cvVK‡K Avgiv eis GUv
bv fve‡Z Aby‡iva Kwi †h, e`i“wÏb Dg‡ii Z_vKw_Z mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-
we‡ivwaZv Ges Ôevgcš’vÕi †cQ‡b wPiw`bB jyK‡bv wQj eZ©gvb cÖe‡Ü
D`NvwUZ-ai‡bi AÜZ¡, mywe‡aev` Ges Awek¦vm¨ GK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv|
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi A™¢~Z ey‡R©vqv weKv‡ki GK m¼U n‡”Q G-B †h GLb
ch©š— Zv ivRbxwZi ag©xqKiY Ges GKB m‡½ mv¤cÖ`vwqKxKi‡YB wb‡qvwRZ|
e`i“wÏb Dg‡ii g‡Zv †KD-†KD nq‡Zv G‡`‡ki GB jyUcv‡Ui Dw”Qó msMÖ‡n
AvMÖnx bb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gymwjg-cwiP‡qi †eva G‡ZvB Zxeª †h †kvlY-
jyɇbi A_©bxwZi wbqvgK †Zv‡o GLvbKvi ivRbxwZi e¨vcK ag©xqKiY-
mv¤cÖ`vwqKxKiY‡K Zviv wbivm³ `„wói ¯^”QZv wb‡q wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv,
cvi‡Qb bv AZtci GB fvwUi Uv‡bi wei“‡× `„p Ae¯’vb wb‡Z| RvZxqZvev`x
I evg eyw×Rxex‡`i A‡b‡K jyÉb-†kvl‡Yi Dw”Qó msMÖ‡n kvwgj nIqvi
j¶YI iv‡Lb—c„w_exe¨vcxB weKvkiZ GK be¨ weËevb †kªYxi Ask Giv
evsjv‡`‡k| G‡`i wePz¨wZ wfbœ †cÖlYvi dj n‡jI, mvgwMÖK †hvMd‡j
21
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki eyw×e„wËi weKvk GK fqven m¼‡Ui m¤§yLxb; Gi ag©wbi‡c¶
I cÖMwZkxj weKv‡ki kw³ I m¤¢vebv GLb LyeB ¶xY| ey‡R©vqv ivRbxwZi
KvVv‡gvq ¶gZvjvf Z_v miKvi-MV‡bi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ivRbxwZi ag©xqKiY-
mv¤cÖ`vwqKxKiY evovUvB Avgv‡`i G hverKv‡ji AwfÁZv| †m-w`K †_‡K
GB aviv †f‡O †ewi‡q AvmvUv wbf©i Ki‡e evg ivR‰bwZK gnj Ges eyw×e„wËi
I wkí-ms¯‹…wZi AÂjwUi c„_K I †hŠ_ cÖqv‡mi Ici| Avgv‡`i Rbmgv‡Ri
e„nËi Øvw›Ø‡Ki Awbevh© wµqvkxjZvq evg hw` cÖK…ZB GK bZzb hvÎv ïi“
Ki‡Z cv‡i, eyw×e„wËI hw` ïay cY¨, cÖhyw³ I evPb (Discourse)-Gi †mevq
K¬vš— bv n‡q †hŠw³KZv-†eŠw×KZv Z_v Avcb PwiÎi¶v I ¯^vaxb weKv‡ki c‡_
AMÖmi nq, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv †mw`‡bi eÜbgy³ eyw×e„wˇZ, ÔLvm&j‡ZÕ, GKz‡ki
ïay bq, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi AvQiI co‡e|
4
evsjv‡`‡k wbKU AZx‡Zi MYZ‡š¿i msMÖv‡g GKwU AMÖmi f~wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQj wkíms¯‹…wZi Kg©x‡`i HK¨ I msMÖv‡gi HwZ‡n¨i cÖZxKx msMVb
mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †RvU| Gikv`-we‡ivax msMÖv‡gI GB msMVbwU GKwU
AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv Ges Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wKš‘, `ytLRbK GUvB †h
weGbwc ¶gZvq Avmvi ci GB msMV‡bi g~j †bZ…Z¡ Zvi wbKU AZx‡Zi
Abyiƒc †mB f~wgKv Z¨vM K‡i| evsjv‡`k Avg‡j mvaviYfv‡e GgbUv NUvi
Kvh©KviY m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i AvZ¨wš—K we‡k­lY Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© Dcw¯’Z
K‡iwQ| we‡kl GKwU w`K †ewi‡q Avm‡e Avgv‡`i GLbKvi Av‡jvP¨ NUbvwU
†_‡K| Õ95 mv‡ji 14 RyjvB XvKvi wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx wgjbvqZ‡b GB
msMV‡bi GKwU Kb‡fbkb, Ô†gŠjev` I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvwe‡ivax RvZxq
Kb‡fbkbÕ AbywôZ nq; cwÎKvq Gi weÁwß c‡o Ges †gŠwLKfv‡e Gi
Ab¨Zg GKRb Av‡qvRK-KZ©„K Avn~Z n‡q Avwg GB Kb‡fbkb¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z
nB 14 RyjvB we‡K‡j| ZLbI †Rjv-cÖwZwbwa‡`i Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q| wm‡j‡U
Av‡qvwRZ bvMwiK m¤^a©bv cÊ nIqvi ¶wZc~iYv‡_©B †eva Kwi Kb‡fbk‡bi
wKQzw`b Av‡M iscy‡i Av‡qvwRZ n‡qwQj Kwe kvgmyi ivngv‡bi Avi GKwU
m¤^a©bv| †gŠjev`xiv iscy‡i H m¤^a©bv cÊ Ki‡Z bv-†c‡i, iscyi kn‡ii
GKwU gw›`‡i nvgjv Pvwj‡qwQj| †gŠjev` I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-we‡ivax RvZxq
Kb‡fbk‡b iscyi cÖwZwbwai e³…Zv Avwg g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïbjvg, gw›`i
Avµvš— nIqvi welqwU †bB| Zvi wKQz Av‡M wKsev c‡i Kb‡fbkb-Dcj‡¶
cÖKvwkZ †Rv‡Ui cÖPvicÎwU c‡oI Avwg nZevK n‡q hvB| cÖPvic‡Î ïayB
22
†gŠjev` cÖm‡½ A‡bK K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Kb‡fbk‡bi wØZxq welq, A_©vr
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Ges ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡`i myL-`ytL wel‡q Av‡jvPbv wKsev
f~wgKv-As‡k GKwU evK¨I †bB| ïay `vwe`vIqvi As‡k 13wU `vwei GKwU
wQj wbgœiƒc : Ò(11) mKj cÖKvi mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ I m¤cÖ`vqMZ we‡Øl
m„wói D¯‹vwbi wei“‡× `„p Ae¯’vb MÖnY I m¤cÖxwZi Av`k© †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨
wewfbœgyLx ZrciZvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|Ó `vwe-As‡k msweav‡bi 5g I 8g
ms‡kvabxi evwZjI `vwe Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ Ômv¤cÖ`vwqKZvwe‡ivaxÕ kã `y‡Uv
†h my‡KŠk‡j Kb‡fk‡bi gh©v`v e„w×i R‡b¨B e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avwg †m-
m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ †eva Kwi| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k eyw×Rxex‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZI †h
kvmK-†kvl‡Ki ivRbxwZi mgvš—ivj GKwU Ae¯’vb I bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q,
ivRbxwZi Zzjbvq AMÖmi Ae¯’vbwU Zv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q, †m mZ¨I Av‡iv
GKevi ¯úó nq| mw¤§wjZ mvs¯‹…wZK †RvUI †mw`b e`i“wÏb Dgi Ges
weGbwc-i g‡ZvB ej‡Z †P‡q‡Q, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-wk‡ivbv‡g D‡j­L Kivi g‡Zv
†Kv‡bv mgm¨v ev cwiw¯’wZ evsjv‡`‡k †bB| cÖvmw½Kfv‡e G cÖkœI †Zvjv
`iKvi †h †gŠjev‡`i g‡Zv GKwU cwiw¯’wZ hw` ¯^xKvh©, Zvn‡j mw¤§wjZ
mvs¯‹w… ZK †Rv‡Ui wbKU mv¤cÖ`vwqK cwiw¯’wZwUi ¯^xK…wZ I wePviwe‡k­lY
evavcÖvß nq †Kvb& e„nËi Awfgv‡b| BwZnvm †_‡K GKwU web¨vm dz‡U I‡V|
GB Dcgnv‡`‡k GKevi msL¨v¸i“i mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi KviY I ARynv‡Z cÖwZôv
Kiv n‡qwQj ag©wfwËK cÖRvZš¿| wØZxqev‡i ¯úóZi ÔAvZ¥cwiPqÕ Luy‡R NUv‡bv
n‡q‡Q ivRbxwZ I iv‡óªi ag©vqb| Giƒc †¶‡Î †gŠjev‡`i cÖwZ AvcwË
A_©nxb, †jvK‡`Lv‡bvI| ZvQvov, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv I †gŠjev` GLv‡b ag©xq
cwiPq‡eva bv‡g GKB e„‡¶i `y‡Uv kvLv; Avwg ag©xq cwiP‡q e„¶ n‡Z PvB‡j,
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv I †gŠjev‡`i kvLv MRv‡eB, Avgvi mš—v‡biv †h‡Z PvB‡e
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi jvf LuyR‡Z; Avgvi Rxe‡b hv Z_vKw_Z g~j, †mB a‡g©i g~‡j,
†gŠjev‡`| Avwg Av‡MI Ab¨fv‡e e‡jwQ, G-GK Awbevh© gvbmixwZ, ¯^LvZ
mwjj| GKB cÖPvic‡Î mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi mgm¨v‡K D‡c¶v Kiv Ges
†gŠjev‡`i wei“‡× cÖPviYvi dj k~b¨ wKsev FYvZ¥KB ïay n‡Z cv‡i|
DׄZ MÖš’vw`
Avng` Qdv m¤úvw`Z DÌvbce©,
ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvMR, XvKv, 5 GwcÖj, 1997|
ˆ`wbK †fv‡ii KvMR mvgwqKx, XvKv, 23 AvM÷, 1996| 12 wW‡m¤^i, 1997|
evsjv‡`k QvÎ BDwbqb cÖKvwkZ GKz‡ki msKjb RqaŸwb, XvKv, 1998|
23
GKwU mgv‡jvPbvi mgv‡jvPbv : eyׇ`e emyi ÔcÖMwZÕ-ms‡hvM
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iwR wefv‡Mi K…Zx wk¶v_©x‡`i Ab¨Zg we‡ePbv Kiv
nq eyׇ`e emy‡K| Zuvi Rb¥kZe‡l© wefv‡Mi c¶ †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ †Kv‡bv
Av‡qvRb wb‡q hLb Avgiv Drmv‡ni m‡½ fvewQjvg, eQ‡ii cÖ_gw`‡K, ZLbB
XvKvi GKwU bvgx Bs‡iwR ˆ`wb‡Ki mvwnZ¨cvZvi m¤úv`K Zuvi wei“‡×
Ôf`ª‡jvK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZviÕ Awf‡hvM Zz‡j em‡jb, wb‡Ri cvZvq| m¤úv`K
g‡nv`‡qi H †jLvwUi m~‡ÎB Avwg GKwU cÎmsKjb m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv †LuvRLei
wbjvg—Kb¨v `gqš—x emy wms‡K †jLv eyׇ`e emyi wPwV| G‡Z m¼wjZ
wPwV¸‡jv hLb †`k cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nw”Qj, ZLb mvgvb¨ bR‡i G‡mwQj|
eyׇ`e emyi wei“‡× Ôf`ª‡jvK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvÕi g‡Zv Awf‡hvM, we‡klZ Zuvi
Rb¥kZe‡l©, PgrKvi kª×vÁvcb e‡jB g‡b n‡jv Avgvi| Drmv‡n fvUv co‡jv
ej‡ev bv, Z‡e †Z‡Zv Qwo‡q co‡jv g‡bi bvbv cÖv‡š—| Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË ev
KviY wn‡m‡e m¤úv`K Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg †h welqwU DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb Zv
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q Kb¨v `gqš—x‡K †jLv K‡qKwU wPwV‡Z cÖKvwkZ
eyׇ`e emyi wKQz ch©‡e¶Y, gš—e¨, BZ¨vw`| wZwb eyׇ`e emyi wPwV eBwU
†_‡K Qwe Zz‡j evsjvfvlvq †jLv eyׇ`e emyi e³e¨ Dcw¯’Z K‡iwQ‡jb,
wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb‡K AKvU¨ K‡i †Zvjvi R‡b¨| wKš‘, M‡elYv ev iPbvi Gme
ixwZ i¶v-Kivi evB‡i, g~j welqwU m¤ú‡K© wfbœ †Kv‡bv fvebv-wPš—vq hvbwb|
†h-evsjv‡`k‡K Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg GKwU cig (absolute) gvcKvwV wn‡m‡e `uvo
Kwi‡q‡Qb, Zv †Zv Zvi Amv¤cÖ`vwqK PwiÎ `ª“Z nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q mv‡o wZb
eQi ev Pvi/cuvP eQi c‡iB| †kl-Avwk‡Z G‡m GwU GKwU cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K
iv‡óª cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Ges Ôwbe©vwPZÕ miKvi¸‡jvI G-Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b
Avbvi cÖqvm cvqwb| msweav‡bi Aóg ms‡kvabx‡K gv_vq †i‡LB Avgiv
MYZš¿ PP©v KiwQ| ïay ivRbxwZwe` bb, AwaKvsk eyw×RxexiI G-cwiw¯’wZ
wb‡q †Kv‡bv weKvi †bB| GB msL¨vMwiô eyw×Rxex‡`i GKRb n‡qB Lv‡`gyj
Bmjvg g~j welqwUi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wePvi-we‡k­l‡Y †h‡Z e¨_© nb| Zuvi †Zv
24
Rvbvi K_v †h, †h-gyw³hyׇK wZwb cig gvcKvwV K‡i eyׇ`e emy‡K
Ôf`ª‡jvK mv¤cÖ`vwqKÕ e‡j‡Qb, G‡`‡k Zv‡K jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei ev¯—evqb ejv
n‡q‡Q, Ges huviv Zv e‡j‡Qb Zuviv bMY¨ e¨w³ bb| Avgvi ¯§„wZ cÖZviYv bv
Ki‡j, Zuv‡`i mvwi‡Z Aveyj gbmyi Avng` wQ‡jb, Ges GB g‡bvfv‡ei
AbymvixivB A‡bK `xN© mgq evsjv‡`‡ki kvmb¶gZvq AwawôZ †_‡K‡Qb|
myZivs, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© A‡bK D”Q¡vm bv-_vKvUv †Kv‡bv GKwU
wbw`©ó cwiPq wba©viY K‡i †`q fvevUv AZ¨š— fyj Ges Ab¨vq| evsjv‡`k ev
gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ, Zxh©K g‡bvfve bvbv Kvi‡Y D™¢Z
~ nIqv m¤¢e wQj, GLbI
m¤¢e| AwfÁZvi wfwˇZ ev cwiw¯’wZ`„‡ó †KD hw` wbi“”Q¡vm nb, wZh©K
Ae¯’vb †bb Ges Ôb¨vKvwgÕ †`L‡Z cvb, †m-Kvi‡YB Zuvi GKwU PwiÎ-wbY©q
Ki‡Z PvIqv ïay `ytLRbK bq, Avcb m¼xY©Zvi cwiPvqK e‡jB g‡b nq|
Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg eyׇ`e emyi wPwV †_‡K †h-DׄwZ w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi GKwU G-
ch©v‡q DׄZ Ki‡Z PvB,
BwZg‡a¨ Avgv‡`i GLv‡b Clr D‡ËRbvi nvIqv e‡q †M‡jv—MZ iv‡Î
Kzwóqv, PzqvWv½v †_‡K cuvPwU c~e©evsjvi hyeK G‡m Dcw¯’Z—GKRb Kwe
(bvg Avey Rvdi), Ab¨iv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kg©x| Kvj mKv‡j Avevi G‡jv
Zviv—A‡bK¶Y a‡i A‡bK K_vevZ©v n‡jv- ˆ`evr †R¨vwZivI G‡jv †mB
mg‡q, Avey Rvdi †R¨vwZi evwo‡Z P‡j †Mj| Iiv G‡m‡Q evsjvq b¤^i †jLv
¯^vaxb evsjvi wb‡kb-Rov‡bv GKwU Rg©vb †dv·nŸv‡M‡b, KjKvZvq I
cwðgevsjvq iv¯—vq-iv¯—vq eû msea©bv †c‡Z-†c‡Z| †Q‡j¸‡jv‡K †ek jvMj
Rvwbm, K_vevZ©v mshZ, ˆn‰P D”Q¡vm wKQz †bB, Bqv-Bqv Lvb ev fy‡Æv‡K
†Kv‡bv Mvjg›`I Ki‡jv bv| Kvj‡KB ¯^¯’v‡b wd‡i †M‡Q Iiv, Avi AvR
GKUz Av‡M, †iwWI‡Z ej‡jv Kzwóqv‡Z †evgv c‡o‡Q, wSbvB`‡n iex›`ªbv‡_i
evwoI bvwK ev` hvqwb| †Q‡j¸‡jv‡K Avevi †`L‡ev wKbv fvewQ| NUbv hv
N‡U‡Q Zv A‡bKUv Kwg‡q ai‡jI AK_¨| wKš‘ cwðg evsjvi b¨vKvwg Avi
KvbœvKvwUI mxgv Qvwo‡q hv‡”Q|... (emy wms : 197)
DׄZ G-cÎvs‡k gyw³hy‡×i ïi“i w`‡K (wPwVi ZvwiL n‡”Q 12 GwcÖj, 1971)
mxgvš—msjMœ Kzwóqv †Rjv †_‡K KjKvZvq Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQ‡jb Ggb GKRb Kwe
I K‡qKRb ivR‰bwZK Kg©x m¤ú‡K© eyׇ`e emy BwZevPKfv‡eB wj‡L‡Qb
wbðq| wZwb Zv‡`i wbivcËv wb‡q D‡ØMI cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| c~e©evsjv-Z¨vMKvix
evOvwj wn›`y c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b D™¢~Z †h-†Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z D”Q¡vm Z_v Ôb¨vKvwgÕi
AeKvk Luy‡R bv-I †c‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`k Ges evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mydj
m¤ú‡K© Zveo evgcš’x e¨w³ Ges msMV‡bi A‡bK Avkvev`B †Zv cieZ©xKv‡j
fyj wKsev wfwËnxb cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs, NUbvi gg©vwš—KZv-fqvenZv †`‡LB
Suvwc‡q covi cÖ‡kœ cÖKvwkZ †h-†Kv‡bv wØavms‡KvP-mskq‡K wa°vi †`qvi wK
25
my‡hvM Av‡Q? AivR‰bwZK e¨w³iv wb‡R‡`i ˆewkó¨c~Y© wcQzUvb Ges wecbœZv
cÖKvk K‡i _vK‡jI cieZ©x NUbvaviv Zvi g~j¨‡KB Dcw¯’Z K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
¯^vaxb wm×v‡š— evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv mv¤cÖ`vwqK ivRbxwZ, msweavb I ivóª cÖwZôv
K‡iwQ—AKíbxq `ª“ZZvq, Avgv‡`i knx`‡`i mv‡_ Awek¦vm¨ wek¦vmNvZKZvi
c‡_| Avgvi Rvbvg‡ZB m¤¢ve¨ Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© AvksKv GKvˇiB
fvi‡Zi mvaviY gvbyl †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³eM© A‡b‡K cÖKvk
K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖvg‡K mnvqZv w`‡q Bw›`iv MvÜx Ô`y‡Uv cvwK¯—vbÕ
ˆZwi Ki‡Qb wK-bv—G mskq wQj, e¨³ Ges Ae¨³fv‡e| evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv
Zv‡K wfwËnxb cÖgvY Kivi g‡Zv f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ wK?
†WBwj ÷vi mvwnZ¨-cvZvi m¤úv`K Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg Gi c‡i eyׇ`‡ei wPwV
†_‡K †h DׄwZ w`‡q‡Qb, †mLv‡b KZ¸‡jv cÖkœ Av‡iv ¯úó Ges mivmwi
Dcw¯’Z| †Kb Zuvi g‡Zv A‡b‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg‡K †Kvb& †Pv‡L
†`‡L‡Qb, †mUv AviI fv‡jv †evSv hvq| eyׇ`e emyi i¶YkxjZv GLv‡b
Dcw¯’Z, hw` ag©xq cwiP‡qi †eva aviY Kiv‡K Avgiv i¶YkxjZv gvwb| wKš‘,
†mLv‡b `uvwo‡q eyׇ`e wb‡RB wb‡Ri Òmv¤cÖ`vwqKÓ cwiPqwU‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i‡Qb| †MvUv cÎvskwU c‡o g‡b n‡e †Kv‡bv-wKQz Kvi‡Y eyׇ`e emy `yB
evsjvi GKÎxKiY‡K AZ¨š— AMÖnY‡hvM¨ we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cvwK¯—vb
Ges Zvi gvby‡li mv‡_ Òme wewbgqÓ†K MÖnY Ki‡Qb, Zv‡KB ej‡Qb ÒmZ¨
I djcÖm~ c_,Ó wKš‘ Ab¨ wKQz gvb‡Qb bv| Gi GKwU KviY m¤ú‡K© wZwb
Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb : evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖv‡gi my‡hv‡M ZLb cwðge‡½i mv‡_ fvi‡Zi
†K›`ªxq kvm‡bi m¤úK© wb‡qI cÖkœ †Zvjvi †Póv wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki
eyw×Rxex‡`i gy‡L GLbI Avwg Giƒc Av‡jvPbv ïwb| G‡¶‡Î KviI wKQz
ïfKvgbv _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘, `y‡Uv cwiw¯’wZ †hgb GK bq, †Zgwb Avgv‡`i
ag© Pvcv‡bvi g‡bvfv‡ei cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cwðge‡½i gvbyl †Zv †m‡¶‡Î D”Q¡v‡mi
g~j¨ w`‡q GK eo wecv‡K c‡o †h‡Zv| msL¨vMwiôZvi `vwe‡Z iv‡óªi Ici
Bmjvg‡K Pvcv‡bvi g‡bvfve evsjv‡`‡k AZ¨š— cÖej| msL¨vMwi‡ôi ag© Ges
ivóª GLv‡b mgv_©K, Ges G wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡j cÖkœKvixi bvMwiKZ¡ LvwiR nIqvi
Dcµg nq| G-AwfÁZv e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Avgvi GKvwaKevi n‡q‡Q|
cwðge‡½i gvbyl `xN©Kvj Ks‡MÖm Ges evgd«‡›Ui kvm‡b Rxeb KvUv‡”Q|
GKevi fveyb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv †¯^”Qvq hv-hv NwU‡qwQ Ges cvj©v‡g‡›U
cvm-Kwi‡q msweav‡bi Aš—fy©³ K‡i wb‡qwQ, A_©vr msL¨vMwiôZv †hfv‡e mZ¨
Ges Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q, Ges hv-me wb‡q Avgv‡`i GLbI †Kv‡bv cybwe©‡ePbv/
weKvi wKQzB †bB, cwðge‡½i gvbylI GB MwiôZv Z_v ÔMYZš¿ÕPP©vi wkKvi
26
Kxfv‡e n‡Zv! wKsev, †m‡¶‡Î Ø›Øwe‡iva Kx AvKvi aviY Ki‡Zv! cwðge½‡K
Ôwe‡`kx KZ©„K kvwmZÕ ej‡Z wM‡qwQ Avgiv, Avi evsjv‡`k‡K cieZ©xKv‡j
wb‡RivB wb‡q wM‡qwQ cvwK¯—vbx fveavivi wbqš¿‡Y| ZË¡we¯—v‡ii cÖwZfv GLv‡b
cÖKvk cv‡”Q, wPš—vi mZZv bq| Avgv‡`i weåvwš— Avgv‡`i‡K †h m¼‡U †d‡j
w`‡qwQj, Zv‡K †Zv Ab¨ Kv‡iv †¶‡Î ejc~e©K mZ¨ †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv|
m¤cÖ`v‡qi AnwgKv cÖKvk cvq gvÎ| hv-B †nvK, Avgiv Awej‡¤^ eyׇ`e emyi
GB cÎvskUzKz DׄZ Ki‡ev :
c~e©evsjv wel‡q, `yt‡Li welq, Avwg cÖ`x‡ci Drmv‡n †hvM w`‡Z cviwQ bv|
G †_‡K cwðgevsjvq GK bZzb `y‡h©vM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i, mwZ¨ ej‡Z Zvi
j¶Y GLbB †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, GLbB ie †Zvjv n‡”Q cwðgevsjv Ôwe‡`kx KZ©„K
kvwmZÕ- †h K_v Avgvi g‡Z gvivZ¥K| e¨w³MZ Kvi‡Y, Avi Dcvqvš—i †bB
e‡jB, Avwg AvR‡Ki w`‡bi `ytmn KjKvZvq evm KiwQ—wKš‘ †hgb
evsjv‡`k †Zgwb fviZel© Avgvi Kv‡Q AwZ mZ¨; fviZel© Ges wn›`y HwZn¨
†_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri Aw¯—Z¡ Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Òwn›`yÓ
Òmv¤cÖ`vwqKÓ wKQz fvwem bv—†Zvi GwjqU †h-A‡_© wn›`y AvwgI †mB
A‡_©B, Ges GwjqU †h-Kvi‡Y †kl ch©š— wLª÷vb, AvwgI †mB Kvi‡YB †kl
ch©š— wn›`y| †hUv nIqv DwPZ wQj, †h-†Kv‡bv mf¨ †`‡k hv n‡Zv, Zv GB `yB
†`‡ki ¯^vZš¿¨ m¤ú~Y© †g‡b †bevi c‡i ˆgÎx I e¨emvwqK I Ab¨me wewbgq;
Ô`yB evsjv GK †nvKÕ—GK_v KLv‡bv †hb Avgiv bv ewj, Avgiv ej‡ev—
ÔfviZ-cvwK¯—v‡b ˆgÎx PvBÕ—†mUvB mZ¨ c_ I djcÖm~ c_, wKš‘ evOvwji
Abc‡bq †mw›U‡g›Uvj D”Q¡vm †mB c_ †Q‡o GK Av‡e‡Mi Kz‡nwj m„wó Ki‡Q,
GUv‡K Avwg G‡Kev‡iB fv‡jv †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cviwQ bv| (emy wms : 194)
hZ¶Y ch©š— ivR‰bwZK Ges NUbvMZ cwiw¯’wZ †c‡K I‡Vwb, ZZw`b ch©š— c~e-©
cvwK¯—v‡bi gvbyl cvwK¯—vb-Gi aviYv Ges KvVv‡gvi evB‡i hvqwb| c~e-© cvwK¯—v‡bi
evgcš’xiv ch©š— cvwK¯—vb-KvVv‡gvi †fZ‡iB mgvRZš¿ cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡gi
cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q| Avi, evsjv‡`k Ges Zvi cÖwZôvi msMÖvg gvbyl‡K †hme Av`k©
Ges bxwZ‡Z †cuŠ‡Q w`‡qwQj, cieZ©x‡Z Zv wb‡q Zv‡`i ¯^w¯— wQj bv| Avwg hv
ejwQjvg, †m¸‡jv †_‡K Zviv wcwQ‡q G‡m‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡K Z¨vM K‡i‡Q|
Avgv‡`i RbM‡Yi GKwU †QvU Ask nq‡Zv GL‡bv †m¸‡jv cybtcÖwZôvi cÖqvm
cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`k-cÖwZôvi-R‡b¨-AcÖ¯‘Z gvby‡li †h-evsjv‡`k, Zv‡K †KD
†h-†Kv‡bvfv‡e †h-†Kv‡bv mg‡q we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr, GwM‡q Ges
wcwQ‡q P‡j‡Q †h msMÖvg, Zv‡K cig gvcKvwV KÕ‡i KvD‡K Kj¼-†jc‡bi
my‡hvM wK i‡q‡Q? mËi `k‡Ki ïi“ †_‡K GLbI ch©š— evgd«›U-kvm‡b i‡q‡Q
†h-cwðge½, Zvi gvbyl GKB mg‡q Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^vaxb wm×v‡š—i
mvgwiK kvmb, cÖvq-ag©Zš¿, BZ¨vw` Sv‡gjvq hy³ nIqvi †evKvwg Ki‡e e‡j
27
wK fvev hvq? Õ71-Gi Kzjc­vex NUbvcÖev‡ni bvbv m¤¢vebv wQj; ¯^vaxb †`‡k
Avgiv BwZevPK m¤¢vebv¸‡jv‡K ev¯—evwqZ Ki‡Z cvwiwb| wKš‘, evsjv‡`‡ki
ïayB †h ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv, Zv‡Z fviZe‡l©i †h wekvj mnvqZv, Zv‡Zv
g~jZ w`j­xi nvZ †_‡KB G‡mwQj| eyׇ`e emy wKsev Ab¨ †KD hw` †`‡Lb,
†mB mnvqZv wb‡Z-wb‡ZB †KD w`j­x‡KB Awfhy³ Z_v civ¯— Ki‡Z PvB‡Q,
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-msMÖvgx‡`i mw`”Qv m¤ú‡K© wKš‘ Zv †_‡KI GKwU
cvVMÖnY m¤¢e| ZLb cvwK¯—vb‡KB eyׇ`‡ei Kv‡Q †kl ÔmZ¨Õ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i;
evsjv‡`k Ges Zvi msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ mg_©b‡K Ô†mw›U‡g›Uvj D”Q¡vmÕ| b¨vh¨fv‡eB
Kwei †PvL Ges ivRbxwZ‡Ki †PvL wewfbœ NUbvs‡ki g‡a¨ bvbv †hvMv‡hvM
†`‡L †dj‡Z cv‡i| hvi ïay NUbvcÖevn wKsev D‡ËRbv mvi, ¯’vqx Ges myw¯’Z
†Kv‡bv AR©b †bB, Zvi c¶ †_‡K Kvi wK g~j¨vqb m¤¢e?
Lv‡`gyj Bmjv‡gi Awf‡hv‡Mi g~j wfwË Dc‡ivׄZ `y‡Uv wPwV e‡jB g‡b nh|
Z…Zxq GKwU wPwV †_‡K DׄwZ i‡q‡Q—wKš‘ †mLv‡b eyׇ`e emyi Ae¯’vb
GKB| †h-†Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ
cwðge‡½i gvby‡li g‡bvfv‡e Ôb¨vKvwgÕ †`‡LwQ‡jb| wj‡L‡Qb, ÒXvKv wb‡q,
Òevsjv‡`kÓ wb‡q, evsjv‡`‡kiB Ab¨ As‡k †h AK_¨ b¨vKvwg Pj‡Q Zv‡Z
cy‡iv e¨vcviUv †Z‡Zv n‡q DV‡jvÓ (emy wms : 213) G wb‡q cybivq e¨vL¨v-
we‡k­l‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h ZLbKvi wKQz Av‡qvRb-
Abyôvb-Dw³‡K evsjv‡`k-msMÖv‡gi c‡¶ Kvh©Ki wKsev mZ¨ mnvqZv-mg_©b
g‡b nqwb eyׇ`e emyi| Zv‡KB nq‡Zv wZwb b¨vKvwg e‡j‡Qb| cwiw¯’wZi
Ab¨ GKwU w`KI fvev P‡j : evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi wekvj mnvqZv I
Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc AvR ch©š— hLb evsjv‡`‡k GKwU ¯§viK¯—¤¢ wKsev
wgbvi ¯’vwcZ n‡jv bv, ZLb †m-Av‡jv‡ZI †Zv fvi‡Zi gvbyl Ges ZLbKvi
miKv‡ii f~wgKv‡K Ôb¨vKvwgÕB ejv P‡j| ivóª evsjv‡`k wbðqB eyׇ`e emyi
e³‡e¨ AvcwË Rvb‡Z cv‡i, iv‡óªi c¶ †_‡K AvwgI Rvbvw”Q; wKš‘ Avgvi GI
g‡b nq, †h ivóª bq, ag©‡KB Avgiv iv‡óªi bv‡g cÖwZôv K‡iwQ—†h-R‡b¨
evsjv‡`‡k AvZ¥`vbKvix fviZxq ˆmb¨‡`i ¯§„wZ‡Z GLv‡b †Kv‡bv ¯—¤¢, wgbvi
AvRI cÖwZôv nqwb, Bw›`iv g Ges 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ¯’vbwU‡K ch©š—,
wkïcvK© ¯’vcb KÕ‡i, Avgiv BwZnvmPz¨Z K‡iwQ| AvRI ch©š— Gme Ges
m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv Avgv‡`i eyw×Rxex‡`i R‡b¨I †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© we‡eP¨
bq| eyׇ`e emyi wPwV wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi mg‡q/my‡hv‡M Avgiv wK G-
welq¸‡jvI fve‡ev? bv-wK, AMfxi wKQz Awf‡hvM K‡iB `vwqZ¡ †kl Ki‡ev?
eyׇ`e emy hLb †j‡Lb Òevsjv‡`k wb‡q evsjv‡`‡kiB Ab¨ As‡kÓ BZ¨vw`
28
ZLb Zv Avgv‡`i iv‡óªi gh©v`v‡K AvNvZ K‡i mZ¨, wKš‘ BwZnv‡mi wewfbœ
A™¢yZ cwiYwZ‡KI †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q †`wL‡q †`q| Zuvi e³‡e¨i wØZxq
evsjv‡`k cÖ_g evsjv‡`k‡K ivóª wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv w`‡Z †h Awe¯§iYxq f~wgKv
cvjb K‡iwQj, Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg Ges Zvi m½x eyw×RxexMY Zvi ¯^xK…wZi
cwiw¯’wZwU wb‡q wK †Kv‡bvw`b GK evK¨ wj‡L‡Qb? evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ
ewnwe©‡k¦i mg_©‡bi f~wgKvwU‡Z hLb 16 wW‡m¤^i 1971 Zvwi‡L G‡m GKiƒc
†Q` co‡jv, Zvici †_‡K evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Amv¤cÖ`vwqK PwiÎ †Kb wgB‡q
†h‡Z _vK‡jv? cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h—Avgiv †jLK-eyw×RxexivI ZLb †_‡KB
h‡ZvUv bv ivóª‡K, Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ ag©‡K,
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv‡K| gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm‡K †Zv Avi m¤ú~Y© gy‡Q †djv hvq bv,
eZ©gvb we‡k¦i AvaywbKZvi evZveiY‡KI| Gm‡ei mv‡_ bvggvÎ m½wZ ivLvi
Rb¨ AMfxi-AmZ¨ GK AvaywbKZvi cwi‡ek‡K eRvq †i‡LwQ Avgiv—
†Kv‡bviKg GKwU ivóªe¨e¯’v—hvi Mfx‡i mviv¶Y †gŠwjKfv‡e wµqvkxj ag©-
cÖwZôvi, mv¤cÖ`vwqK ¯^v_©i¶vi g‡bvfve| mswk­ó we‡iva¸‡jvi gxgvsmv bv-
nIqv‡ZB ZË¡veavqK miKvi bvgK GK A™¢yZ cÖwµqvi mvnv‡h¨ MYZš¿PP©vi
fve KiwQ Avgiv| AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Giƒc GK †U‡b Pjv| ivóª‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z
bv PvIqvq ivóª Pj‡Z PvB‡Q bv| Gi R‡b¨ Ab¨ Kv‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡ev?
2 ÔQvqv”Qbœ †n Avwd«KvÕ KweZvwUi R‡b¨| Avgvi `xN© Avwd«Kv-AvMÖn I
eyׇ`e emy cÖm‡½ AvaywbKZvi aviYvwU †ewk cÖvmw½K| cwðg‡Nulv
AvaywbKZv| Zuvi iPbv Ges Kg©KvÊ GB aviYv‡KB mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m| Gi
A‡bK mxgve×Zv, wcQzUvb, e¨_©Zv i‡q‡Q| wKš‘, Jcwb‡ewkK cUf~wgi
cÖvP¨-GjvKvq GiI wKQz BwZevPK f~wgKv wQj| XvKvi Kwe-†jLKiv ZLb
KjKvZvq eyׇ`e emy Ges Zuvi m½x‡`i iPbv Ges Kg©KvʇK AvMÖ‡ni m‡½,
cÖksmvi m‡½ j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb ; †jb‡`b n‡q‡Q| XvKvq Avgiv meUv nq‡Zv
Lywk n‡Z cvwiwb| A‡bK MwÊe×Zv j¶¨ K‡iwQ| ZviciI, Avgv‡`i cÖavb
AvaywbK Kweiv KjKvZvi wZwi‡ki Kwe‡`i iPbvixwZ, fvebvRMZ,
BZ¨vw`‡K g~j¨evb †f‡e‡Qb| cvwK¯—vb-cwiw¯’wZi Pvc Ges Zv‡K AwZµg
Kivi AvKv•¶v Zv‡`i wQj| ZvB, hv wKQz we‡iva-e¨eavb, ZviciI ms‡hvM
N‡U‡Q| Avgv‡`i wbR¯^/¯’vbxq AvaywbKZv, AvaywbK mvwnZ¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q|
evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi †mªvZwU‡Z GB AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨i Lye eo Ae`vb
wQj| Gi †jLK-KweivB GKB m‡½ evsjv‡`k m„wói †¶Î ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb|
cvwK¯—v‡bi Bmjvwg RvZxqZvev‡`i avivi mvwnZK‡g©i evB‡i G‡mwQ‡jb
29
†jLK-Kwe-bvU¨Kvi, cvVK-`k©K-†kªvZv| AvaywbKZvi Ae¯’v‡b `uvwo‡qB
c~e©-cvwK¯—v‡bi gvby‡li mZ¨ me AwfÁZv‡K—eÂbv, ˆelg¨, wbcxob-
wb‡®úlY‡K—aviY K‡i‡Qb Zuviv KweZvq, M‡í, Qovq| †Kv‡bv ag©xq
wek¦v‡mi evav †eva K‡ibwb| GLv‡bB AvaywbKZvi mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q
evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg| cÂvk Ges lv‡Ui `k‡K m„ó c~e©-cvwK¯—v‡bi
evsjvmvwnZ¨ ¯^KxqZv, ¯’vbxqZv Ges AvaywbKZv wb‡q GwM‡q †M‡Q,
cvwK¯—v‡bi wei“‡×| GB BwZnvm‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB|
cvwK¯—vb-cÖZ¨‡qi i¶YkxjZv, msKxY©Zv, †Muvovwg BZ¨vw` Avi hv-B †nvK
†Kv‡bv my¯’ Ges †eMevb mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡iwb| KjKvZvi
wZwi‡ki KweZv †mLv‡bB c~e©-cvwK¯—v‡bi m¤¢vebvgq I kw³gvb Zi“Y‡`i
Kv‡Q nvZQvwb wQj| Zvi Ab¨ mxgve×Zv ZLb †MŠY n‡q †M‡Q| GB eo
m¤úK© I NwbôZvi c‡i Ab¨ e¨eavb I we‡iva‡K eo K‡i †Zvjvi cÖqvm
GLbI ¶z`ª Ges †MŠY n‡q _vK‡e e‡jB g‡b nq| Aveyj †nv‡mb, kvgmyi
ivngvb, Avnmvb nvexe, ˆmq` kvgmyj nK, cÖgy‡Li `„wó‡Z eyׇ`e emy,
KweZv feb, KweZv mvwnZ¨cÎ, BZ¨vw`i g~j gh©v`v ¶zYœ nIqvi bq|
3
eyׇ`e emyi bvg m¤cÖwZ Avgv‡K GKvwaKevi D‡j­L Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Zuvi
AbymÜv‡bi †Kv‡bv ch©v‡q Zuvi hy‡Mi Ges evsjvfvlvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kwe-
†jLK‡K Avwg Rvwb bv whwb Avwd«Kv gnv‡`k‡K wb‡q Ggb Zxeª I
AvµgYvZ¥K fvlvq wj‡L‡Qb| AvµgY Kv‡K? Ôïå mf¨Zv‡KÕ| Ò¯’y‡~ jv`i
†jvjwRnŸ †jvf/i³ùxZ evwY‡R¨i exRÓ‡K| G KweZv iex›`ªbv‡_i Abb¨
ÔAvwd«KvÕ KweZvi GKB cOw³i| LvwbK DׄZ Kivi g‡ZvB :
Qvqv”Qbœ †n-Avwd«Kv,
†kl Ze kxY© Qvqv ï‡l wbj AvR
ïå mf¨Zvi m~h©|
K‡iv, RqaŸwb K‡iv,
wQbœ nÕ‡jv Nb AÜKvi,
†gNeY© †gLjv jywÚZ—
H G‡jv †cÖwgK ewYK-exi
Ze bMœ †KŠgv‡h©‡i Z¡wi‡Z Kwi‡Z
mf¨Zv mš—vbeZx
`xY© Ze nrwc‡Êi i‡³i †hŠZz‡K| (¸n, 1980 : 64)
30
eyׇ`e emy m¤ú‡K© †h cwðg‡Nulv Ges ¶wqòz AvaywbKZvi aviYviB Lye †ewk
Av‡jvPbv-cÖPvi, Ggb KweZv Zv‡K LÊb K‡i| b‡ik ¸n m¤úvw`Z eyׇ`e emyi
†kªô KweZv-eB‡q †`LwQ ÔQvqv”Qbœ †n Avwd«KvÕ KweZvi Ae¨ewnZ Av‡M ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q Zvi Ôiex›`ªbv‡_i cÖwZÕ KweZvwU—wØZxq wek¦hy× PjvKv‡j, 1942 mv‡j
iwPZ| wKš‘ †mLv‡bI, iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖwZI, Dò m¤¢vlY Zuvi iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔA¶q
gš¿Õ-Gi Kvi‡Y—d¨vwmev‡`i nv‡Z `»-`xY© c„w_ex‡Z iex›`ªbv_I †h‡nZz
e‡j‡Qb, ÒRxe‡bi Rq n‡e|Ó eyׇ`e emy-m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvq GB d¨vwmev`
welqwU we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ iv‡L; KviY, GiB Pv‡c we`vq wb‡qwQj eyׇ`‡ei
AivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb| BwZnv‡mi H mwܶ‡Y gvbeZv‡K i¶vi AwMœcix¶vq
DËxY© n‡q eyׇ`e emy †h mvgwqK ivR‰bwZK-mvsMVwbK Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb,
Zuvi AvaywbKZv‡K †evSvi R‡b¨ Zv AZ¨š— Ri“wi| ZLb d¨vwmev`we‡ivax †jLK
ms‡Ni wKQz Kg©Kv‡Ê †h †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb eyׇ`e, Òiex›`ªbv‡_i cÖwZÓ
KweZvwU‡Z i‡q‡Q Zvi GKiƒc ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨v—d¨vwmev` m¤ú‡K© Zuvi g‡bvfve :
†Zvgv‡i ¯§iY Kwi AvR GB `vi“Y `yw`©‡b
†n eÜz, †n wcÖqZg| mf¨Zvi k¥kvb-kh¨vq
msµwgZ gnvgvix gvby‡li g‡g© I g¾vq;
cÖvYj²x wbe©vwmZv| i³cvqx D×Z mOx‡Y
my›`‡i‡i we× KÕ‡i g„Zz¨en cy®ú‡K DÇxb
ee©i iv¶m nuv‡K, ÔAvwg †kªô, me‡P‡q e‡ov|Õ
†`‡k-†`‡k mgy‡`ªi Zx‡i-Zx‡i Kuv‡c _‡iv_‡iv
Db¥Ë Rš‘i gy‡L Rxe‡bi †mvbvi nwiY|
cÖvY i“×, cÖvY ¯—ä| fvi‡Zi wmœ» DcK~‡j
jyäZvi jvjv S‡i| (Myn : 64)
wØZxq wek¦hy‡× d¨vwmev`x‡`i f~wgKvi †h we‡k­lY—KweZvq †hiƒc m¤¢e—eyׇ`e
emy GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z K‡ib, K‡j­vj hy‡Mi AvaywbK Kweiv bq-bq K‡iI Zv‡Z
DËxY© n‡qwQ‡jb| cwðgx mf¨ZviB bvbv As‡k cwðg m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ wQj, D‡b¥vPb
wQj| †m-mgqUv‡Z civaxb fvi‡ZI gv·©ev`x Z‡Ë¡i Ávb Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K,
evgcš’x ivR‰bwZK `j I Zvi A½msMVb, MYmsMVb M‡o I‡V| iex›`ªbv_ Ges
bRi“‡ji iPbvq Zvi Qvc c‡o| K‡j­vj hy‡Mi Kweiv PvB‡jI evgcš’x-aviYv I
†PZbvRM‡Zi m¤ú~Y-© evB‡i _vK‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| ag©-mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi g‡bvfve
Qwo‡q covq cvwK¯—vb-fviZ wefw³i ga¨ w`‡q hLb e„wUk kvmKiv we`vq wbj,
evgcš’v, ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi Av`k©, BZ¨vw`i R‡b¨ ZLbB ˆZwi n‡jv cÖK…Z Ges e„nr
`yw`©b| Bmjvwg cÖRvZš¿ cvwK¯—v‡b `ª“ZB KwgDwb÷ cvwU© wbwl× n‡qwQj;
A‡c¶vK…Z ¯^Zš¿ wPš—vi ey‡R©vqv †bZv nK-†mvnivIqv`x© ch©š— fvi‡Zi Pi mve¨¯—
31
nb| A_P, BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKvi KvQvKvwQ cwi‡e‡kB ¯^vaxb fvi‡Z ey‡R©vqv Ges
evgcš’x `j¸‡jv cvj©v‡g›Uvwi MYZvwš¿K ivRbxwZ‡Z Ask wb‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki m¤¢vebvgq Afy¨`‡qI fvi‡Zi e„nr f~wgKv GKwU Acwinvh© c~e©kZ©
cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| GB fviZ ey‡R©vqv fviZB| hvi †cQ‡b †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
mg_©bI wQj evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi R‡b¨ wm×vš—g~jK Dcv`vb| GK AwZ‡mqvbv
m¼xY©Zv †_‡KB †KD-†KD evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgqUv‡ZB cwðge‡½i cÖwZ
w`j­xi AvPiY m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ †Zvjvi Ôwec­exÕ †KŠkj MÖnY K‡iwQj—hv‡Z
evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖvgI fÊyj n‡q hvq| hv-B †nvK, ey‡R©vqv mgvRe¨e¯’vB †h
AMÖmiZi Ab¨vb¨ Av`k© cÖwZôvi cÖqvm‡K wKQz-wKQz ¯’vb †Q‡o †`q †m mZ¨
fyj‡j P‡j bv| †mB e„nËi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨B e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq eyׇ`e emyi c‡¶
d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK ms‡N hy³ nIqvi NUbvewj‡K| Zuvi Rxe‡bi GB
A‡c¶vK…Z Abywj­wLZ As‡ki Av‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb Kg Ri“wi bq|
e½xq mvwnZ¨-cwil‡`i mvwnZ¨-mvaK PwiZgvjv cÖK‡íi R‡b¨ myexi ivq
†PŠayixi †jLv eyׇ`e emy RxebxMÖš’ †_‡K Rvbv hvq XvKvq _vKvKv‡jB Ges
gvÎ AvB.G. cvm Kivi ciB Kxfv‡e eyׇ`e emy, AwRZKzgvi `ˇK m‡½
wb‡q, cÖMwZ bv‡gi GKwU mvwnZ¨cÎ m¤úv`bv I cÖKv‡ki KvR ïi“ K‡ib|
Gi Av‡M GwU nv‡Z wj‡L †ei Kiv nw”Qj| `yÕeQ‡ii wKQz †ewk mgq Pjvi ci
Aek¨ cÖMwZ-i cÖKvk eÜ n‡q hvq| H mg‡q KjKvZv †_‡K K‡j­vj cÖKvwkZ
nw”Qj; myexi ivq‡PŠayix wj‡L‡Qb, Òeyׇ`e emy ÔcÖMwZÕ†K ÔK‡j­vjÕ-GiB
GKwU Ask g‡b Kwi‡Zb|Ó wZwb GI †hvM K‡i‡Qb, ÒAvgv‡`i g‡b nq
eyׇ`‡ei cÖMwZi eÜz Ges K‡j­vjxq eÜz‡`i g‡_¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q|Ó (PµeZ©x :
376)| cÖMwZ mvwnZ¨cÎwU m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b Avgvi †jLvi KviY Ab¨ wKQz
bq—cÖMwZ ai‡bi aviYvi m‡½ eyׇ`‡ei eûc~e© ms‡hvM‡K wb‡`©k Kiv| hvB
†nvK| myexi ivq‡PŠayixB Avevi wbgœiƒc wj‡L‡Qb :
ÔKweZvfe‡bÕi cÖ_g `k‡Ki AvÇvq hvnviv wgwjZ nB‡Zb, Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨ ïay
Kwe-†jLKB wQ‡jb bv, mvwnZ¨iwmK A_ev mvwnZ¨ Ges ivRbxwZ‡Z mgvb
Drmvnx, gvK©mev`x I gvK©mev`we‡ivax bvbv g‡Zi †jvKI wgwjZ nB‡Zb|
wnUjv‡ii Afy¨Ìvb, †¯ú‡bi M„nhy×, BZ¨vw` NUbvq Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Lye Kg
†jLK-wkíxB D`vmxb wQ‡jb| wnUjv‡ii Avwef©v‡ei `yB erm‡ii g‡a¨B 1935
wLª÷v‡ã GB †`‡k cÖwZwôZ nq Ôme©fviZxq cÖMwZ †jLK m•N|Õ 1936 wLª÷v‡ã
jLbD‡Z AbywôZ Bnvi cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib gyÝx †cÖgPuv`|
b‡ikP›`ª †mb¸ß, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, myax›`ªbv_ `Ë,
Avey mvqx` AvBq~e, wniYKzgvi mvb¨vj, weòz †`, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ cÖgyL evOjvi eû
weL¨vZ †jLK I eyw×Rxex cÖMwZ Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ nBqvwQ‡jb| eyׇ`e
emyI cÖMwZi WvK D‡c¶v K‡ib bvB| (PµeZ©x : 394)
32
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB RxebxKvi ¯^qs myexi ivq‡PŠayixI GKwU ms‡hvM j¶¨ K‡ib
Ges eyׇ`e emyi Rxe‡bi GB ce© m¤úwK©Z As‡ki wk‡ivbvg †`b ÔcÖMwZ †_‡K
cÖMwZi †jLK m•NÕ| GKwU wPwVc‡Îi m¼j‡bi K‡qKwU wPwVi KwZcq Ask‡K
m¤^j K‡i huviv eyׇ`e emy m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wKsev Dcmsnvi Uvb‡Z Pvb,
Zv‡`i DwPZ wQj Zvi Rxe‡bi e„nr cwiwa Ges wewPÎ DcKiY m¤ú‡K© †LuvR-
Lei †bqv| wZwb †h ¯^xK…Z Ges kª‡×q me gvK©mev`x‡`i m‡½I KvR K‡i‡Qb,
ˆbKU¨ †i‡L‡Qb| Avwg †`L‡Z cvw”Q †h KweZv cwÎKvq huv‡`i †jLv Qvcv
n‡q‡Q ïay Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ bq, KweZvfeb †_‡K KweZvi eB huv‡`i †ewi‡qwQj,
Zuv‡`i 14 R‡bi g‡a¨ bq-bq K‡iI cuvP RbB WvK‡m‡U gvK©mev`x : weòz †`,
gYx›`ª ivq, g½jvPiY P‡Ævcva¨vq, mgi †mb Ges myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨q| myexi
ivq‡PŠayix Avgv‡`i‡K Ab¨ Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z G‡m wbgœiƒcI wj‡L‡Qb :
Aek¨ Zvivk¼i, myax›`ªbv_, AvBq~‡ei g‡ZvB eyׇ`e emy cieZ©xKv‡j cÖMwZev`x‡`i
nB‡Z m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ nBqv hvb| Zuvnvi Rxe‡bi †kl wZb `k‡K wZwb Zuvnvi gvK©mev`
weiƒcZv Ges mvg¨ev`x Av‡›`vjb wel‡q mskq †Mvcb iv‡Lb bvB, wKš‘ GB c‡e©
Zuvnvi cÖMwZ Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© Drmvn j¶¨ Kwi| (PµeZ©x : 394)
cÖMwZ †jLK m‡•Ni wØZxq wbwLj-fviZ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡qwQj 1938 mv‡ji
24 I 25 wW‡m¤^i, KjKvZvi fevbxcy‡i, Avï‡Zvl n‡j| eyׇ`e emy †mLv‡b
Ab¨Zg mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| Ab¨vb¨ mfvcwZiv wQ‡jb myax›`ªbv_ `Ë, gyj&KivR
Avb›` Ges cwÊZ my`k©b| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Gi D‡Øvabx fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb;
Dcw¯’Z‡`i Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb ÒcÖg_ †PŠayix, b‡ikP›`ª †mb¸ß, ˆkjRvb›`
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, kv‡n` †mvn&ivIqv`x©, m¾v` Rnxi, cÖ‡eva Kzgvi mvb¨vj, †cÖ‡g›`ª
wgÎ, Ave`yj Avjxg, m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ gRyg`vi, my‡i›`ªbv_ †Mv¯^vgx cÖgyLÓ (PµeZ©x :
382)| RxebxKvi myexi ivq‡PŠayix D‡j­L‡hvM¨ Z_¨ Rvbv‡”Qb GiƒcI †h,
cÖMwZ †jLK m‡•Ni wØZxq wbwLj-fviZ m‡¤§j‡b cÖ`Ë iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡Øvabx
fvlYwU wQj ÒcÖavbZ m`¨cÖqvZ Kvgvj AvZvZ©yK-Gi cÖwZ kª×v wb‡e`b|Ó
(395) AviI D‡j­L‡hvM¨ †h G m‡¤§j‡bB Ab¨Zg mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e cÖ`Ë
Bs‡iwR fvl‡Y eyׇ`e emyi GKwU Av‡jvob m„wóKvix evK¨ wQj : “The age of
Rabindranath is over.” (kvi`xq †`k : 1381 : 20)
hvB †nvK, Rxe‡bi GB we‡kl c‡e© evgcš’x‡`i m‡½ eyׇ`e emyi m¤úK© I
ms‡hvM wel‡q wb‡gœi weeiYwU msw¶ß wKš‘ m¤ú~Y© :
ÔcÖMwZ †jLK m‡•NÕi cwiwZ Ôd¨vwm÷we‡ivax †jLK m‡•NÕi cÖwZôvi ci
Bnvi bvgKiY nq Ôd¨vwm÷we‡ivax †jLK I wkíx m•NÕ Ges me©‡k‡l cybivq
ÔcÖMwZ †jLK m•NÕ (1945)| XvKvq GKRb †jLK †mv‡gb P›`-i (8 gvP©,
33
1942) nZ¨v‡K Dcj¶ Kwiqv Ôd¨vwm÷we‡ivax †jLK m‡•NÕi Avwef©ve|
eyׇ`e emyi m‡½ Ôd¨vwm÷we‡ivax †jLK I wkíx m•NÕ ch©š— †hvMv‡hvM wQj|
GB msMVb nB‡Z Zuvnvi `yBwU cyw¯—Kv cÖKvwkZ nq : Ômf¨Zv I d¨vwmRgÕ,
(1942? g~j¨ `yB Avbv) Ges Ô†mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi wkí I ms¯‹…wZ|Õ cÖwZfv
emyI †j‡Lb Ôd¨vwmRg I bvixÕ (g~j¨ Qq cqmv)|
cÖMwZev`x‡`i m‡½ eyׇ`e emyi m¤ú‡K© Uvbvc‡ob wQj| †mUv ¯úó n‡q I‡V
hLb Rvbv hvq †h 1945 mv‡j wb‡Ri †jLv eBc‡Îi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z wM‡q eyׇ`e
Avi Ic‡ii DׄwZ‡Z Dwj­wLZ cyw¯—Kv`y‡Uv‡K Aš—fy©³ K‡ibwb| Zvi RxebxKvi
AviI Rvbv‡”Qb †h ÔcÖMwZÕ†jLKMY m¤úvw`Z wewfbœ ms¯‹i‡Y cÖKvwkZ ÔÔeyׇ`e
emyi KweZvi AwaKvskB AMÖwš’Z|Ó wKš‘, RxebxKvi Zv-m‡Ë¡I gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb :
ÒwKš‘ eyׇ`e emyi mvwnZ¨Kg©‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e wePvi Kwi‡Z nB‡j, GB c‡e©i
HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|Ó (PµeZ©x : 395) G-m¤ú‡K© A‡kvK wgÎ
wj‡L‡Qb wbgœiƒc : Òeyׇ`e emyi m„wóKg© GKwU cÖevn, †Kv‡bv ga¨eZ©x j‡Mœi gyn~Z©
†_‡K Zvi mvjZvgvwg ïi“ Kiv g¯— AmvayZv| Zvi mvqvý‡ejvq eyׇ`e GK
we‡kl Rxeb`k©b †e‡QwQ‡jb| Zuvi mvgwMÖK iPbvq GKgvÎ †mB Rxeb`k©‡biB
cÖwZfvm, Ggb ej‡j Ab¨vq AwZiÄb nq, eyׇ`‡ei cÖwZfv I e¨w³‡Z¡i e¨vw߇K
msKzwPZ K‡i Avbv nq|Ó (PµeZ©x : 395-396) RxebxKvi myexi ivq‡PŠayix
d¨vwm÷we‡ivax †jLK m‡•N †hvM`vb m¤ú‡K© eyׇ`e emyi wb‡Ri e¨vL¨vI DׄZ
K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b wZwb `y‡Uv KviY D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb : Òbvrmx‡`i Avwg N„Yv Kwi—
wKš‘ ïay †m-Kvi‡YB bq| Avgvi wcÖq eÜz I wcÖq Kweiv A‡b‡KB †`LwQ cÖMwZi
cw_K Avi Avgvi Pwi‡Îi cÖavb `ye©jZv eÜzcÖxwZ|Ó Zuvi GB eÜz‡`i Ab¨Zg
nx‡i›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, whwb AwRZ `Ë, cÖg_bv_ wekx, wegjvcÖmv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq
Ges weòz †`-i m‡½ GK‡hv‡M weL¨vZ wicb K‡j‡R eyׇ`e emyi mnKg©x wQ‡jb|
nx‡i›`ªbv_ Zuv‡K cÖMwZ †jLK Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ Kivi †¶‡Î A‡bK Drmvn I cÖqvm
wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb Rvbv‡”Qb : ÒÔcÖMwZÕ K_vwUi m‡½ eyׇ`e eveyi cÖv‡Yi Uvb
ˆK‡kvi †_‡K| m¤¢eZ ZvB, gvK©mev`x AvIZvq cÖMwZi gg© m¤ú‡K© mskq †cvlY
m‡Ë¡I Zuvi AvbyK~j¨ cvIqv KwVb nqwb|Ó (PµeZ©x : 396)
myexi ivq‡PŠayix Gi c‡i wj‡L‡Qb, Òeyׇ`e emyi Av‡iv `yBRb Aš—i½ eÜz
wQ‡jb Avey mqx` AvBqye Ges ûgvqyb Kwei|Ó GLv‡b cÖvmw½K Ab¨ Z_¨ n‡”Q :
AvBq~‡ei AvaywbKZv I iex›`ªbv_ eyׇ`e‡K DrmwM©Z| Avevi eyׇ`e emy Kwe
iex›`ªbv_ DrmM© K‡ib AvBq~e‡K|Ó cÖvmw½K Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨ wbgœiƒc :
ûgvqyb Kwei eyׇ`‡ei KZ eo wn‰Zlx eÜz wQ‡jb Zvnvi GKvwaK bwRi
†k‡lv³ R‡bi ¯§„wZK_vq cvIqv hvB‡e| ûgvqyb Kwe‡ii cieZx©Kv‡j cÖavb
AvKl©Y nq ivRbxwZ Avi eyׇ`e emy †Kv‡bv mg‡qB ivRbxwZ‡K mvwn‡Z¨i
34
 E‡×© ¯’vb †`b bvB| wKš‘ GB `yB R‡biB hyM¥-m¤úv`bvq 1345 e½v‡ãi
(1938 wLª) Avwk¦b gv‡m cÖKvwkZ nq ÔPZzi½Õ cwÎKv| m¤úv`Kiƒ‡c
eyׇ`e emy GK ermiKvjB hy³ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ †jLKiƒ‡c †hvMv‡hvM A¶zYœ
wQj| (PµeZ©x : 396)
mgq AwZµvš— n‡jB AMÖMwZ wKsev cÖMwZ N‡U bv| evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi
Zzjbvg~jK k~b¨ D`¨v‡b Avgiv mK‡jB †h cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zv wb‡q †Lj‡Z
†b‡gwQ, Zv bq| Avgv‡`i eo c~e©cyi“l‡`i g‡a¨, huviv we‡klZ ALÊ
evsjv‡`‡ki eo, Zv‡`i cwigvc Kivi Kv‡R AmZK© n‡j nZm¤¢vebvi GB
evsjv‡`k ivóª‡K Av‡iv ¤­vb †`Lv hv‡e|
Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg eyׇ`e emyi wei“‡× †h Ôf`ª‡jvK mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvÕi Awf‡hvM
Zz‡j‡Qb, Zv‡K mivmwi LÊb Ki‡e wK-bv Rvwb bv, Z‡e Zvi Ici eofv‡e
Av‡jv †dj‡e Ggb e³e¨ i‡q‡Q †`L‡Z cvB wbwLj e½ d¨vwmev`we‡ivax
m‡¤§j‡b cÖ`Ë eyׇ`e emyi mn‡hvMx mfvcwZi Awffvl‡Y| bxwZ I Av`‡k©i
w`K †_‡K Zuv‡K †evSvi Ges wePvi Kivi gZb e³e¨ G¸‡jv—Gi iPbvKvj
ejv n‡”Q †cŠl, 1349| 1971-G G‡m eyׇ`e K‡ZvUv cv‡ë wM‡qwQ‡jb, †K
ej‡e| hv-B †nvK, H Awffvl‡Yi cÖvmw½K GKwU Ask wbgœiƒc :
...eÜzMY, AvR‡Ki GB mfvq Avgiv GB K_vUv‡KB eo K‡i †`Le, Avgv‡`i
¯^ag©‡K †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó MwÊi g‡a¨ Ave× n‡Z †`e bv; †ivguv †ivjuvi weL¨vZ
evYx AvR Avgiv wb‡R‡`i evYx e‡j MÖnY Kie: mKj Drcxo‡Ki wei“‡×,
mKj Drcxwo‡Zi m‡½| ...hw` wb‡R‡`i wkíx e‡j wek¦vm Kievi mvnm
Avgv‡`i _v‡K, Zvn‡j me©gvb‡ei Kj¨v‡Yi mvabv †_‡K Avgiv †Zv wew”Qbœ
_vK‡Z cvwi‡b, †Kbbv wkím„wói †¶Î ¯^fveZB wek¦-gvbweK, Zv mgMÖ we‡k¦i
I Abš—Kv‡ji, ... †mB gbyl¨‡Z¡i gnvb †cÖiYvB AvR GLv‡b Avgv‡`i GKÎ
K‡i‡Q| AvR Avgv‡`i ejevi K_v ïay GB : w`‡K w`‡K mKj KvivMv‡ii
`iRv Ly‡j hvK—AZ¨vPv‡ii KvivMvi, Awk¶vi KvivMvi, `vwi‡`ª¨i KvivMvi,
RvZ¨vwfgv‡bi KvivMvi—me †`qvj †f‡O co–K, D`vi gyw³i cÖvYc~Y© Avb‡›`
gvby‡li Rxeb mv_©K †nvK| gvbyl ej‡Z GLv‡b mKj gvbyl‡KB †evSv‡”Q,
†Kv‡bv we‡kl GKwU RvwZ ev †kªYx ev m¤cÖ`vq‡K bq|
cvVK wbðq j¶¨ Ki‡eb Dc‡ivׄZ me aviYv‡K cvi n‡q G‡mwQ‡jb eyׇ`e
emy, †Kv‡bv AÁZv Aš—Z Zv‡K Aby`vi K‡i †Zvjvi m¤¢vebv wQj bv| GB fvl‡Y
eyׇ`e emy‡K †`Lv hvq mgvRZ‡š¿i Av`k©‡K Bw½Z K‡i GI ej‡Qb : Ò...
hviv g‡b K‡ib †h mej I `ye©‡ji, DrcxoK I Drcxwo‡Zi cÖKvÊ RvwZ‡f`
gbyl¨ mgv‡R wPiKvjB _vK‡e, Ges GB iKgB hy×, Akvwš—, `vwi`ª¨ i³cv‡ZB
gvby‡li fvM¨wjLb, Zuv‡`i cvKv wn‡mwe eywׇK mm¤§v‡b `~‡i †i‡L Avgiv w¯’i
eyw× I kvš— wPË wb‡q Avgv‡`i Av`‡k©i AbymiY Kie|Ó (PµeZ©x : 324)
35
Gici Avwg eyׇ`e emyi GKwU `y®cÖvc¨ iPbv wb‡q LvwbK Av‡jvPbv KÕ‡i
†kl Ki‡ev| d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK I wkíx m•N †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj Zuvi
cyw¯—Kv Òmf¨Zv I d¨vwmRgÓ, Avgiv e‡jwQjvg| ¶wqòz AvaywbKZvi Kwe ejv
nq †h eyׇ`e emy‡K, G cyw¯—Kvi GK ch©v‡q wZwbB MZ kZvãxi wZwi‡ki
`k‡K †h wek¦e¨vcx A_©‰bwZK g›`v †`Lv †`q, †m m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb, Òwb‡Ri
Rxe‡b Dcjwä Kijyg Kx Zz”Q, Kx AwKwÂrKi mvwnwZ¨‡Ki g~j¨, myRjv mydjv
evsjv‡`‡k Zvi Abœe‡¯¿i e¨e¯’v nq wK-bv nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv w`‡K nVvr †hb
Avgvi †PvL Ly‡j †Mj, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi A_©‰bwZK wfwË m¤^‡Ü †mB cÖ_g
m‡PZb njyg|Ó †h eyׇ`e emy wb‡Ri ¯^vfvweK †¶Î wn‡m‡e ivRbxwZ‡K
KL‡bv MÖnY K‡ibwb, Òmf¨Zv I d¨vwmRgÓ cyw¯—Kvq wKš‘ wZwbB A‡bK
mZ¨Zi ivR‰bwZK Av‡jvPbv I gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡Z ZLb Avi Zuv‡K Lye
†ewk ivRbxwZwegyL g‡b nq bv| wb‡Ri Ges m`„k A‡b‡Ki AvPi‡Yi GKwU
†ek wek¦vm‡hvM¨ e¨vL¨vI wZwb w`‡q‡Qb :
GKw`‡K Rvg©vwb-BUvwj‡Z gbyl¨‡Z¡i Aegvbbv I mf¨Zvi webvk, Ab¨w`‡K
ivwkqv‡Z gbyl¨‡Z¡i c~Y© gh©v`v `vb I mf¨Zvi c~Y© weKv‡ki mvabv| GB
Rywo `„k¨ hLb †`Ljyg ZLb ivRbxwZi e‡oviK‡gi GKUv A_© g‡b aiv
w`j| ZLb eySjyg ivRbxwZ ïay A¨v‡mg&we­ n‡ji e³…Zv bq, gvQ I
cvDi“wUi weZiY wb‡q †bvsiv Kjn bq, Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxebhvcb,
e¨w³MZ myL`ytL ivRbxwZi Ici wbf©ikxj, Ges †mBRb¨ Zvi Av‡jvPbvq
Avgv‡`i mK‡jiB cÖ‡qvRb| kvwš—i mgq, my‡Li mgq wbwj©ß _vKv m¤¢e,
nq‡Zv †m-Ae¯’vB ¯^v‡¯’¨i c‡¶ AbyK~j, wKš‘ Pviw`‡K hLb Akvwš—i Av¸b
†jwjnvb n‡q R¡‡j I‡V ZLb Kwe e‡jv wkíx e‡jv fveyK e‡jv Kv‡iv
c‡¶B g‡bi gayi cÖkvwš— A¶zYœ ivLv m¤¢e nq bv, ...AvR c„w_ex f‡i †jvf
hLb Zvi exfrmZg g~wZ©‡Z cÖKU ZLb Avgiv Kweiv, wkíxiv ¯^fveZB,
wb‡Ri cÖK…wZi A`g¨ Uv‡bB, H exfrmZvi wei“‡× `uvov‡ev—Gi g‡a¨
ivRbxwZi †Kv‡bv M~pZË¡ †bB, Avgv‡`i gbyl¨‡Z¡i, Kwe Pwi‡Îi GUv
b~¨bZg `vwe| (PµeZ©x : 317)
Gic‡i wfbœ GKwU gvÎvq wM‡q eyׇ`e d¨vwmRg m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb,
G‡K Avgvi LyeB A_©en I cÖvmw½K gvÎv e‡jI g‡b nq| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb,
Òd¨vwmRg ïay GKwU mvgwiK bxwZ wKsev ivR‰bwZK c×wZ bq, d¨vwmRg
GKUv g‡bvfve| g‡bvfve gvÎB AZ¨š— e¨vcK, Rxe‡bi mg¯— †QvULv‡Uv
e¨vcv‡i Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| GUv AvR‡Ki w`‡b AZ¨š— wew¯§Z n‡q
Dcjwä KiwQ †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³i hw` iex›`ªbv‡_i Mvb wK hvwgbx iv‡qi Qwe
fv‡jv bv jv‡M, †mB i“wPi wKsev i“wPi Afv‡ei m‡½ RwoZ Av‡Q Zvi
ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ|...Ó (H : 319) eyׇ`e †ek LvwbKUv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb
36
wb‡Ri GB gZve¯’vb‡K, wj‡L‡Qb, ÒAvgv‡`i †`‡kI AvR‡Ki w`‡b Ggb cwÎKvq Qvcv nq| GwU GLv‡b Avgv‡`i mgMÖ Av‡jvPbvi Kve¨ †hgb cÖvmw½K, †ek Kg
cÖPvwiZI| ZvB, G KweZvwU Dc¯’vcb K‡iB Av‡jvPbvi BwZ UvbwQ|
†jv‡Ki Afve †bB hviv hv wKQz cÖMwZkxj ZviB we‡ivax, hv wKQz bZzb †m
m¤^‡Ü mwÜ», hviv ¯¿xRvwZ‡K mš—vbevnx µxZ`vmx evwb‡q ivLevi c¶cvZx,..
Gw`‡K mvgvwRK Rxe‡b ¯¿x-cyi“‡li ¯^vaxb †gjv‡gkvi K_v ïb‡j hviv g~Q©v XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq : 1928
hvq, hviv †h †Kv‡bviKg we‡`wk wKsev Ab¨ ag©vej¤^x m¤^‡Ü we‡Ø‡li fve
†cvlY K‡i, hviv wbQK MyÊvwgi GKvš— f³ Aek¨ †m-¸Êvwgi hZ¶Y wRr n‡Z K-w`b aÕ‡i †Rvi nvIqv `w¶Y †_‡K; evB‡i I‡o a~‡jv
_v‡K|... †PvL ey‡R e‡j †`qv hvq †h GUvB d¨vwm÷ g‡bve„wË—nq‡Zv m‡PZb Avi ïK‡bv cvZv, †Uwe‡ji KvMRcÎ QÎLvb—
bq, A‡PZb—wKš‘ †kl wn‡me †gjvevi w`‡b G‡`i mg¯— A‡PZb B”Qv euvab- †Rvi nvIqv, †hgb eB‡Zv g¯— duvKv gvV †cwi‡q
†Quov w¶ß KzKz‡ii gZ Qz‡U †ewi‡q G‡m Zv‡`iB Kvgov‡Z hv‡e gyw³i mvabvq cyiv‡bv cë‡b, ˆPÎgv‡mi meyR †Kv‡bv mKvj †ejvq|
Rxeb hv‡`i DrmwM©Z|Ó (PµeZ©x : 319) meyR nÕ‡q Qwo‡q Av‡Q igbv, Avgvi Dwbk
Ávb-AR©b Ges cwieZ©‡bi hveZxq cÖKí‡K cÖkœ Ges msk‡qi g‡a¨ †d‡j eQi eq‡mi g‡Zv meyR| kvš— wbR©b iv¯—v w`‡q
w`‡q‡Q eZ©gvb Kv‡ji †h w_‡qvwi wKsev wWm‡Kvm©, Zvi KvQvKvwQ GKwU Avwg †nu‡U P‡jwQ, Avgvi WvB‡b euv‡q evMvb
cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡qwQj eywS d¨vwmR‡gi AvIZvqI| eyׇ`e emyi e³‡e¨ Aš—Z Avi Qwei g‡Zv GKwU-`ywU evox| PzcPvc—
ZvB g‡b nq| Ges GiB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wKQz e¨w³MZ KviY wZwb Dcw¯’Z ïay mvB‡K‡ji NywÈ gv‡S gv‡S Avi MvQcvjvq
K‡i‡Qb cÖMwZ Ges mf¨Zvi aviYvq Av¯’v ivLvi KviY wn‡m‡e : wSiwSi wkiwki| Avgvi †PvL Ry‡o †ivÏyi gvLv
Avwg Rvwb Avgvi G-me K_v A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q †mw›U‡g›Uvj jvM‡e| A‡b‡K AvKvk, Avgvi g‡bi g‡a¨ evZvm eÕ‡q hvq
ej‡eb, cÖMwZ e‡j wKQz †bB| cwieZ©‡bi wbZ¨P‡µ c„w_exi BwZnvm Nyi‡Q| fwel¨r|
mf¨Zvi MwZc_ PµvKvi—GUv d¨vwm÷ `k©‡biB K_v, wKš‘ †m-K_v †Q‡oB Avi AvR ïbwQ †m me iv¯—vq muv‡Rvqv-evwnbx
w`jyg| ev¯—weK c‡¶ mf¨Zvi weeZ©‡bi QweUv FRy bv †Mvj bv mwc©j Avi e›`yK Avi aŸsm Avi DbgËZv ¸wo‡q
AvKv‡ii, †m Av‡jvPbvi GLv‡b mgq †bB| Avwg ej‡Z PvB †h Avwg
hvq nvRvi-nvRvi fwel¨r, Av¸b R¡‡j
cÖMwZ‡Z wek¦vm Kwi ï× GB Kvi‡Y †h Zv bv Ki‡j Rxeb G‡Kev‡i wbi_©K
n‡q hvq| mf¨Zv‡K gv‡S gv‡S ee©iZv G‡m MÖvm Ki‡eB GK_v hw` wbqg i³-iOv cÖPÊ|
e‡j †g‡b wb‡Z nq Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv K‡g© Avgvi Avi Drmvn _vK‡Z cv‡i bv, mwZ¨? GwK mwZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i?
†eu‡P _vKevi g~j ZvwM`UvB hvq g‡i| (PµeZ©x : 320) j¤^v Kwi‡Wvi M¤¢xi, VvÊv wø» eB‡qi
Awbt‡kl Awewbg©v‡Yi (Deconstruction) cÖe³v †`wi`v Ges Zvi mn‡hvMxMY M‡Ü fiv jvB‡eªwi, Kgbi“g kãgyLi
eZ©gvbKv‡ji R‡b¨ †Kvb& wfbœ Zvrch© enb K‡ib? Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg‡`i †dwbj| K¬v‡k eÕ‡m KL‡bv Av‡m wSgywb,
wbwe©Pvi wb›`vfvl¨? KL‡bv †Kv‡bv mncvwVbxi †PvL PÂj, Avi
KL‡bv GK wekvj ¯—äZvi duv‡K-duv‡K
Dcmsnv‡ii cwie‡Z© K‡W©wjqvi AwZ †Kvgj Kɯ^i ïay PzuB‡q c‡o|
Av‡jvPbv ïi“ K‡iwQjvg †g‡qi Kv‡Q †jLv wPwV‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× wel‡q eyׇ`e emyi GKUv fvwi gš’i gv‡ji †Uªb g›`vµvš—vi Dci w`‡q
wKQy gš—e¨ I ch©‡e¶Y m¤ú‡K©| †k‡l Avevi †mB gyw³hy× wel‡qB wd‡i hvIqv hvK| Õ71-Gi
Mwo‡q-Mwo‡q PÕ‡j hvq, evB‡q †ejv coš—|
gv‡P© cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi aŸsm I nZ¨vh‡Ái, we‡klZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq Zv‡`i
Awfhvb h‡ZvUzKz hv Lei KjKvZvq †cŠuQq, ZviB wfwˇZ eyׇ`e emy GKwU KweZv Avgiv eÕ‡m AvwQ †Mvj nÕ‡q Nv‡mi Dci, Pv Lvw”Q,
wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÒXvKv wek¦we`¨vjq : 1928Ó KweZvwU GwcÖj 4, 1971 msL¨v Avb›`evRvi Avgv‡`i nvwmi kã D‡o hvq †hb cvwLi SuvK,
RxebUv‡K g‡b nq GK Drme|

37 38
 Avi AvR ïbwQ weaŸ¯— †mB we`¨vcxV| me
wgbvi jywU‡q co‡jv gvwU‡Z, me eB f®§xf~Z nq‡Zv,
cÖvš—i¸wj Ke‡ii g‡Zv nuv KÕ‡i Av‡Q—
†hŠeb Avi ¯^vaxb gb Avi my›`i gnvb cÖvPxbZv‡K
MÖvm Kivi Rb¨|
mwZ¨? G wK mwZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i? hZxb miKvi : GKRb AMÖYx eyw×Rxexi f~wgKv-wePvi
cv‡i, nÕ‡Z cv‡i, meB m¤¢e, BwZnv‡m A‡bK
mv¶x ˆZix| wKš‘ Kx Avwg w`‡Z cvwi, e‡jv,
†Kvb Dcnvi cvVv‡Z cvwi †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨, cÖMwZ I cÖwZwµqvi wecixZ avivq †jLK-wkíx-eyw×Rxex‡`i †h mgv‡ek
†Kvb Dcnvi mwZ¨Kvi Avgvi—ïay GB evZvm mv¤cÖwZK evsjv‡`‡k †`Lv hvq, Zvi †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv e¨w³Askx`vi Ab¨‡`i‡K
Qvov, hv eÕ‡q hvq Avgvi g‡bi g‡a¨ †hb AwZµg K‡i hvb| cÖMwZi wkwe‡i huviv †miKg †bZ…¯’vbxq, Aa¨vcK hZxb
AZxZ? wd‡i Av‡m jyß mg‡qi Dci w`‡q miKvi Zuv‡`i g‡a¨I bvbv Kvi‡Y wewkó| Zuvi Kg©Kv‡Êi avivevwnKZv, `„pZv,
†mB ˆPÎgvm, cÖxwZ Avi eÜzZvi †mŠif Zx¶èZv Ges cwigvY Zuv‡K GK wewkó Avm‡bi AwaKvix K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Aa¨vcK
wb‡q, Avgvi †Pv‡L †ivÏyi-gvLv meyR Qwo‡q, hZxb miKv‡ii †h RxebwPÎ Rvbv hvq, Zv bvbvfv‡e AZ¨š— eY©gq Ges
SivcvZvi k‡ãi g‡Zv †Kvgj, cy‡iv‡bv cyuw_i NUbveûj| msMÖvg I mvabvi GK e¨wZµgx Rxeb Zuvi| AmvaviY axkw³ Ges
wbtk¦v‡mi g‡Zv gayi, Dwbk eQi eq‡mi
¯§„wZkw³i g‡Zv `yÕGKwU mnRvZ ¶gZv e¨ZxZ Zuvi mvd‡j¨i cÖvq meB Zuv‡K
g‡Zv Avkvwš^Z—Avgvi Kv‡b Kv‡b
kª‡g, mvabvq AR©b K‡i wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ mgvR Ges ivóªxq cÖwZôvb Zuv‡K
wKQz-wKQz ¯^xK…wZ Ges cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| cÖ`vbKvixi g~j¨I Zv‡Z †e‡o‡Q|
†hb eÕ‡j hv‡”Q †h AZxZ KL‡bv jyß n‡e bv|
A‡bK ˆbivk¨ Ges eÂbvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i Rb¨ G-GK euv‡Pvqv cwiw¯’wZ|
e¨w³MZfv‡e Avgvi cig †mŠfvM¨ †h kª‡×q GB eyw×Rxexi e¨w³MZ A‡bK
* Avb›`evRvi cwÎKv (GwcÖj 4, 1971) †_‡K cybgyw`ªZ|
mvnPh© Ges m½jvf Avgvi c‡¶ m¤¢e nq| Avgvi ïay Zuv‡K kª×v Ávc‡bi cÖkœ|
K…ZÁZv Ávc‡bi| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© we¯§q Ges gy»Zv cÖKv‡ki| Avgvi mvgvb¨
†jLv‡jwLi welqe¯‘mn Av`wk©K j¶¨-wba©viY, BZ¨vw` K‡ZvwKQzi †cQ‡b †h
DׄZ MÖš’vw` Aa¨vcK miKv‡ii, Avgvi hZxb`vi, wekvj f~wgKv Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e, Zv e‡j
b‡ik ¸n m¤úvw`Z eyׇ`e emyi †kªô KweZv, †`ÕR cvewjwks, KjKvZv, 1980| †evSv‡bv m¤¢e bq| GB my‡hv‡M Avwg hZxb`v‡K Avgvi cÖvYXvjv kª×v I
gvbe PµeZ©x m¤úvw`Z RjvK©| KjKvZv, 2008|
`gqš—x emy wms m¤úvw`Z eyׇ`e emyi wPwV Kwbôv Kb¨v i“wg‡K, weKí, KjKvZv|
fv‡jvevmv RvbvB, Zuvi me©gq Kj¨vY Kvgbv Kwi|
Avgvi Abygvb evsjv‡`‡k AMwYZ gvby‡liB Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi m¤ú‡K©
Avgvi Abyiƒc Av‡eM, Abyfw~ Z, g‡bvfve| GKUv mg‡q, ax‡i-ax‡i, wZwb
GKwU eomsL¨K gvby‡li Kv‡Q GKwU gnvb Av`k© Ges wek¦ex¶vi wk¶K Ges
aviK-evnK n‡q I‡Vb| D`xPx wkíx‡Mvôx Ges Ab¨ A‡bK msMV‡bi
†`ke¨vcx Av‡qvwRZ eo-eo Abyôv‡b Ges cÖwk¶‡Y fvlY Ges e³…Zv
(lecture) w`‡q wZwb †mB Av`k© Ges wek¦ex¶vi K‡Zv me Z_¨, ZË¡, aviYv,
BZ¨vw` †h K‡Zv gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi BqËv †bB| i‡Yk `vk¸ß

39 40
Ges m‡Z¨b †m‡bi c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Avi †Kv‡bv eyw×Rxex Aa¨vcK hZxb
miKv‡ii g‡Zv G‡Kev‡i P‡l †eov‡bvi Kó¯^xKvi Ges cÖvq RvZxq wk¶‡Ki
GK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb wK-bv Avwg Rvwb bv| Avgvi mskq hZxb`v G-
†¶‡Î G‡Zvw`‡b i‡Yk`v Ges m‡Z¨b`v‡KI AwZµg K‡i †M‡Qb wK-bv|
mgvR Ges mgq Gfv‡eB †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa Ges †bZvq cwiYZ
K‡i—G cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© wbwðZfv‡e †R‡bB Avwg G K_v¸‡jv wjLwQ| Gi
g‡a¨ m¤¢eZ †Kv‡bv fyj ev AwZK_b †bB|
GB †h Avwg Zuv‡K Ôwk¶KÕ ejjvg, hZ`~i Rvwb wb‡Ri GB cwiPqwUB Zuvi
me©vwaK cQ‡›`i| wZwb wbðq A‡bK eo †jLK, eo e³v, wKš‘ g‡b c‡o wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb †h, wk¶KZvqB wZwb mgwaK ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡ib| wKQzUv
¯^ÁvMZfv‡e AvgviI †evaKwi Zv-B mZ¨ g‡b n‡qwQj| Avgvi †jLv‡jwLi
ˆkk‡e Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi‡K g‡b †i‡LB Avwg GKwU cÖeÜ wj‡LwQjvg,
bvg : Òwk¶K g‡nv`q‡K L^uyRwQ|Ó †m †jLvwUi †Kv‡bv Kwc nq‡Zv AvR GB
gyn~‡Z© Luy‡R cv‡ev bv| Z‡e welqe¯‘ fv‡jvB g‡b Av‡Q| mgvRZvwš¿K mvwnZ¨-
Av`k©¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi Uvbvc‡o‡b mgvRZvwš¿K ev¯—eev` cÖwZôvi cÖqvm ZLb
cÖej; †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi ZË¡KviMY iv‡óªi mg_©b wb‡q H Av`‡k©i c‡¶
hyhyavb| evsjv‡`‡k ZLb Avgv‡`i hZxb`vI H mvwnZ¨ZË¡wUi c‡¶ †mv”Pvi|
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†mvm¨vwj÷ wi‡qwjRg BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© wKQz aviYv I Ávb `v‡bi cÖqvm
†c‡qwQjvg, Ges cÖkœ Zz‡jwQjvg †h ïay wi‡qwjRg h‡_ó eo Av`k© bq †Kb|
Gi m‡½ Avevi Ô†mvm¨vwj÷Õ wKsev ÔmgvRZvwš¿KÕ Awfav-†hv‡Mi wK evowZ
cÖ‡qvRb ev f~wgKv? e¨vcK ev¯—e ev mgvR ev¯—‡ei Dc¯’vcb †Zv BwZnv‡mi
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wjUvivwi wµwUwmRg eBwU cv‡Vi Qvc c‡owQj nq‡Zvev| hv-B †nvK, Gfv‡e
ZLb Avgiv g‰ZK¨-gZv‰bK¨ `yÕ‡qi g‡a¨ w`‡qB GwM‡qwQ| g‡b co‡Q,
evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i GK ch©v‡qi GKwU ˆeV‡K H cÖeÜwUi wfwˇZ
hZxb`v Avgvi Av`wk©K Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ges D‡ØM e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb|
Avi, G meB wQj Zuvi Av`k©‡PZbv Ges wbôvi cÖgvY| wZwb Avgv‡`i
Av`k©wbôv m¤ú‡K©I DwØMœ _vK‡Zb, Ges GKwU myi¶v I weKvk wbwðZ Ki‡Z
PvB‡Zb| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wkí-ms¯‹…wZi As‡k Kg©iZ‡`i GKvs‡ki Av`wk©K
ˆkw_j¨ ïay bq, RxebvPiY I Av`‡k©i ga¨Kvi m½wZ I mvgÄm¨ wb‡qI Zuvi
41
AZ¨š— K‡Vvi gZve¯’vb wQj| cvwU©i H mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv‡Z Gme wel‡q
KL‡bv-KL‡bv Avwg Zuvi m‡½ GKgZ wQjvg, me©`v bq| Zuvi cÖej Av`k©wbôv
Zuvi cieZ©x Rxe‡bi AwaKvsk AvPiY Ges f~wgKvi gva¨‡g mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ
n‡q‡Q| Av`k©wbôv ïay bq, Zuvi ÁvbvbymÜvb m¤ú‡K©I mgvb ¸i“Z¡mnKv‡i
ej‡Z n‡e| beŸB-Gi `k‡K KwgDwb÷ cvwU© hLb †f‡O †Mj, Zvi Av‡M
GKwU mvsMVwbK †dviv‡g `uvwo‡q wZwb wee`gvb `yÕc‡¶i †bZv‡`i bvbviƒc
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f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z n‡e| evOvwji mgvRZvwš¿K HwZn¨ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i
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mgvRZvwš¿K †i‡bmuvi Rb¥ w`‡q _v‡Kb, evsjv‡`k f~L‡Ê †m KvR‡K GKK
cÖ‡Póvq A‡bKLvwbB GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Qb Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi| AK¬vš— cVb-
cvVb, bZzb I cwikªgx g~j¨vqb, BZ¨vw`i kw³‡Z wZwb Ávb Ges mvwnwZ¨K
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Ki‡jb—e¯‘ev`x n‡qI W. †mb †Kb ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z
wM‡q‡Qb| Avwg †ek wew¯§Z njvg| W. †mb ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` m¤ú‡K© †Kb wK
wj‡L‡Qb, Avgvi Rvbv †bB, wQj bv| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i wn›`yag©-welqK †Kv‡bv
Av‡jvPbv ev f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© m¤¢eZ W. †mb wjL‡Z hvbwb| hw` ZvI N‡U
42
_v‡K, Avgvi aviYv, evgcš’x eyw×Rxexiv †miKg †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbvqI †hvM
w`‡ZB cv‡ib| †Lv` gvK©m-G‡½j&‡mi ag© Ges wLª÷vb I Ab¨vb¨ ag© welqK
†jLv‡jwLi msKjbwU 381 c„ôvi GKwU eB wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki
msMÖ‡nB i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g w`KKvi wLª÷a‡g©i A‡bKUvB †UªW BDwbqbg~jK f~wgKv
m¤ú‡K©I gvK©m-G‡½j&m& †mLv‡b wj‡L‡Qb| HwZnvwmK Kvi‡Y D™¢~Z
cÖvwZôvwbK ag©¸‡jvi bvbv HwZnvwmK f~wgKvi Av‡jvPbv-we‡k­lY evgcš’xiv
Ki‡eb bv †Kb? Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶-c‡iv¶ mg_©b wb‡q Avgiv
GK mg‡q nvwZqvi bv‡g GKwU mvgwqKxi Ôag©Õ-welqK GKwU we‡kl msL¨v
†ei K‡iwQjvg| Zv‡Z Zuvi PgrKvi †jLvwUi wk‡ivbvg wQj : Ògig bv Rv‡b,
aig evLv‡b|Ó †mB msKj‡b Aš—f©y³ Avgvi †jLvwU‡Z Avwg AcÖ‡qvRbxq I
m¯—v bvw¯—K¨ cÖPv‡ii bvbv ¶wZ m¤ú‡K© wj‡LwQjvg| gvK©m&-G‡½j&m&-†jwb‡bi
cÖvmw½K gZvgZ m¤ú‡K©I wek` Rvwb‡qwQjvg| mvaviYfv‡e ag© Ges we‡kl
cÖvwZôvwbK ag© m¤ú‡K©I evgcš’x‡`i DwPZ e¯‘ev`x Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v-we‡k­lY
Kiv Ges mswk­ó mZ¨ cÖKv‡k GwM‡q Avmv| †h-me a‡g©i †¶‡Î G ai‡bi
eyw×e„wËK KvR Kg n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi Abymvix eyw×Rxex‡`i eis G KZ©e¨ `ª“Z
mgvav Ki‡Z n‡e| evgcš’x eyw×Rxexiv wn›`yag©, Zvi MÖš’ Ges MÖš’Kvi‡`i
mgvRZvwË¡K I HwZnvwmK wePvi-we‡k­lY A‡bK`~i GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv‡Z G
†¶‡Î †hŠw³K g‡bvfve †ewk, ms‡e`bkxjZv-¯úk©KvZiZv, BZ¨vw` Kg|
Bmjvg ag© m¤ú‡K©I ÁvbPP©v I wePvi we‡k­lY †_‡K `~‡i m‡i _vKvi †Kv‡bv
KviY Avwg †`wL bv—mswk­ó eyw×Rxexiv fveev` ev Ava¨vwZ¥KZv Øviv Avµvš—
bv n‡jB n‡jv| gqgbwms‡n Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡ii mnKg©x cÖqvZ Aa¨vcK
†Mvjvg mvg`vbx †Kvivqkx, Aa¨vcK †gvRvd&di †nv‡mb, cÖgyL eyw×Rxex AZ¨š—
`„óvš—¯’vbxq wKQz †jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Qb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgvRweÁv‡bi Zi“Y
wk¶KMY‡K Ges cÖm½µ‡g mviv †`‡ki cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex‡`i D‡Ï‡k Avwg
ej‡Z PvB : Avgiv `~iZ¡ eRvq ivL‡j i¶YkxjZv Ges †Muvovwgi mgm¨v eis
†e‡o hv‡e| †Kv‡bv †¶‡ÎB D`vicš’v Ges e¯‘ev‡`i Abymvix‡`i Ávb I
cvwʇZ¨i ¸i“Z¡ Kg bq| Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡ii m‡½ wn›`y Ges Bmjvg ag©
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i †`L‡j Avgvi GB e³‡e¨i mZ¨Zv `ª“Z ¯úó n‡e| wLª÷vb
a‡g©i †¶‡Î wewfbœ ms¯‹viv‡›`vjb Ges gZ-weeZ©‡bi BwZnvmI Zuvi KvQ
†_‡KB Rvbv hv‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki eyw×Rxexiv †h Bmjvg-welqK D`vi I
e¯‘ev`x we‡k­lY Ges fvl¨ iPbvq GwM‡q Av‡mb bv, Zv‡K Avgvi AZ¨š—
¶wZKi g‡b nq—Gi GKvs‡k nq‡Zv i‡q‡Q D`vicš’v Ges e¯—yev‡`i cÖwZ
A½xKv‡iB `ye©jZv| KviY, `~iZ¡ †i‡L e‡m _vK‡jB mwVK, cÖwZev`x wKsev
43
msMÖvgx †PZbv cÖgvY nq bv| cÖKvivš—‡i Zv †h mn¨-Kiv Ges cÖkªq `v‡b
cwiYZ nq bv, ZviB wK wbðqZv i‡q‡Q? evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi ivóªag©
Bmjvg Z_v Aóg ms‡kvabx cvm nIqvi ZvwiLwU‡K ch©š— †h G‡`‡ki evgcš’x
eyw×Rxex, msMVb wKsev msev`cθ‡jvI ¯§i‡Y ch©š— iv‡L bv, Kv‡jvw`em
wn‡m‡e cvjb, BZ¨vw` †Zv `~i-A¯—&, Zv‡Z wK cÖgvY nq? Bmjvg m¤ú‡K©
cvwÊZ¨ Ges kª×vi g‡bvfve †i‡LB †Zv GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| weivRgvb
cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© Mfx‡i Zwj‡q A‡bK wKQzB fvevi Ges AZ¨š— Ri“wi wfwˇZ
Kivi i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR I ivRbxwZi Av‡jvP¨ GB m¼UvwaK cwiw¯’wZwU wb‡qB Aek¨
Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡iii m‡½ mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j Avgvi Lye eo gZcv_©K¨ ˆZwi
n‡q‡Q| we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZ, G‡¶‡Î wmwcwei mv¤cÖwZK f~wgKv, BZ¨vw` Avgv‡K
Avgvi wcÖq hZxb`vi wPš—vfvebv I f~wgKvi A‡bK `~‡i wb‡q wM‡q‡Q| AZx‡Zi,
GgbwK me‡k‡l Gikv`-we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Abyiƒc f~wgKvq †h fv½b-cieZ©x
wmwcwe Avi _vK‡jv bv, evg MYZvwš¿K HK¨ M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î Zvi HwZn¨evnx
f~wgKvwU †h wmwcwe Avi cvjb Ki‡Q bv, Avgvi Ges Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z Av‡iv
A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q Zv GKwU wech©qKi cwiw¯’wZ| wmwcwe-i cwiewZ©Z ivRbxwZ
G‡`‡ki RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡ZB GKwU bZzb ch©v‡qi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| evg MYZvwš¿K
Z_v Amv¤cÖ`vwqK kw³i e„nËg-m¤¢e HK¨ M‡o IVvi Z_v ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi
Av`k© cÖwZôvi m¤¢vebv G‡Z Lye eofv‡e gvi †L‡q‡Q| G‡Zv eo Zvrc‡h©i
GKwU cwieZ©b N‡U hvIqvi ciI Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi Uz kãwU K‡ibwb|
AZx‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i k„•Ljv i¶v K‡iI cvwU©i wm×vš— wKsev jvBb
cwieZ©‡bi msMÖvg Ki‡Z Avwg Zuv‡K A‡bK †`‡LwQ| myZivs, cvwU©-k„•Ljv i¶vi
wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ARynvZ G‡¶‡Î Av‡m bv, wZwb KL‡bv †`bIwb| Avgvi Kv‡Q
wmwcwe-i bZzb ivRbxwZ Ges Aa¨vcK miKv‡ii Zvi cÖwZ Aby‡gv`b, `yB-B GK
AKíbxq Ges gg©vwš—K cwiw¯’wZ| ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi cÖ‡kœ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi
mv¤cÖwZK Ges mvaviY eyw×e„wËK cwiw¯’wZB Avgvi wePv‡i AZ¨š— D‡ØMRbK|
wmwcwe‡K †f‡½ †djvi gva¨‡g G ivóª‡K ey‡R©vqv e¨e¯’v Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqK
ivRbxwZi w¯’wZkxj Ges AcwieZ©b‡hvM¨ avivq wb‡q hvIqvi Pµvš— A‡bKLvwbB
mdj| wmwcwei bZzb ivRbxwZi m‡½ kvwgj nIqvUv Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡ii
KvQ †_‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ wQj bv| Gi d‡j mvg¨ev`x Av`‡k©i ivRbxwZi m‡½ hy³
_vKvi †MŠie wKsev Z…wß Zuvi i‡q‡Q wKsev _vK‡e, wKš‘ G-ch©v‡qi wmwcwe
44
m¤ú‡K© Zuvi †Kv‡bv AZ…wß wKsev Am‡š—vl bv _vKvUv mgvb A‡MŠi‡ei KviY n‡e
e‡jB Avgvi cÖZ¨q|
Gi c‡i Avwg Avgvi wcÖq hZxb`vi m~‡Î Zuvi Ges wmwcwe-i mv¤cÖwZK
ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© wfbœ wKQz aviYv e¨³ Ki‡ev| hZxb`v Rv‡bb Avwg
mnR-mij Ges AwZA‡hvM¨ GKwU †jvK| Z‡e, KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Avgvi †hgb
cvwievwiK DËivwaKvi, Avwg wb‡RI cÖvq wek eQi Gi mwµq m`m¨ wQjvg|
wKQz Ávb I Abygvb wgwj‡q Avwg wmwcwei eZ©gvb ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© GKwU
e¨vL¨v Luy‡R cÖvq-†c‡qwQ| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mv¤cÖwZK jvBb Dcgnv‡`‡ki
Ges GZ`‡ji KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i c‡¶ m¤ú~Y© bZzb wKQz bq| Avwg ï‡bwQ †h
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb Ges gyw³hy‡×i ch©v‡q G cvwU©‡Z `y‡Uv eo
aviv ev jvBb wµqvkxj wQj, hvi cwiYwZ‡Z ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x mg‡qI GB
¯^vaxbZvi g~j¨vqbI `yÕfv‡e n‡q‡Q| GKwU aviv ag©Zvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’v cvwK¯—vb
†f‡½ †ewi‡q Avmvi †h ¯^vaxbZv evsjv‡`‡ki, Zvi A‡bK g~j¨ ev ¸i“Z¡
†`‡L‡Q| Avi GKwU aviv gyw³hy‡×i †bZ…Z¡ Ges Ab¨ A‡bK we‡ePbvq Gi
A‡bK i¶Ykxj ev mxwgZ g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Q| gyw³hy× Ges ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q G‡`i
†Zgb Drmvn, D”Q¡vm wKsev Avkvev` wQj bv| GB `y‡Uv jvB‡bi m‡½ wKQz ZË¡
ev `k©‡bi ¯úó-cÖZ¨¶ m¤úK© †ewi‡q Av‡m| wfwËi A‡bK `ye©jZv m‡Ë¡I,
MYcÖRvZš¿x †h evsjv‡`k, Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿ cvwK¯—v‡bi Ic‡i Zvi AMÖMwZ ev
AMÖMwZ mva‡bi my‡hvM Ges AeKvk hviv †`L‡Z cvqwb, Zviv A_©bxwZev`x
Ges †kªYx-wePv‡ii A‡bK evMwe¯—vi K‡i‡Qb Ges Ki‡eb nq‡Zvev, Z‡e
ZviI Avov‡j jywK‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i Av‡iv cwiwPZ †Pnvivi `ye©jZv, ag©xq Z_v
Bmjvgx i¶YkxjZv| GB m¤¢vebv wb‡q fve‡Z nq G‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi
mvgwMÖK BwZnvm‡K g‡b †i‡L Ges wmwcwe-Kg©Kv‡Êi mv¤cÖwZK avivcÖeYZv
Ges djvdj j¶¨ K‡i| GKUz Av‡M †h Aóg ms‡kvabxi cÖm½ Zz‡jwQjvg,
cvj©v‡g‡›U Gi cvm nIqvi ZvwiLwU‡Z †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP ivLvi cÖZ¨vkv G‡`‡ki
gvbyl Aš—Z wmwcwei Kv‡Q me mgqB K‡i‡Q| G eQiI Avwg ZË¡veavqK
miKv‡ii mv‡_ msjv‡c wM‡q wmwcwe Aš—Z Giƒc me Kv‡jv ms‡kvabx
evwZ‡ji, A_©vr ivóª I mgv‡Ri mv¤cÖ`vwqK I AMYZvwš¿K PwiÎ `~i Kivi
g‡Zv †gŠwjK ms¯‹v‡ii `vwe Zzj‡e Avkv K‡iwQ| Avgvi †m Avkv wK c~iY
n‡q‡Q? R‰bK cwjUey¨‡iv m`‡m¨i KvQ †_‡K Avgv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡q‡Q †h
eZ©gvb wmwcwe-mfvcwZ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ eyw×Rxex dinv` ghnv‡ii
Ôd¨vbÕ| †m hv-B †nvK| Avwg GKwU ZË¡MZ cÖkœ ZzjwQ Ges Avgvi e¨vL¨vi
mv‡_ wg‡j hvq Ggb hv †`L‡Z cvw”Q †mUv n‡”Q : Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgmn
45
ivóª I mgv‡Ri D`viZv mva‡bi (liberalisation) mv‡_ hy³ welq, w`em,
Bmy¨¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Kv‡Q GLb m¤ú~Y© bv n‡jI, A‡bKUvB
¸i“Z¡ nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| Ges gyw³hy‡×i ivR‰bwZK aviv‡K AMÖmi Kiv,
†mLvbKvi kw³-mgv‡e‡ki Av`‡j, bZzb evg MYZvwš¿K HK¨ M‡o †Zvjv,
BZ¨vw`I eZ©gvb wmwcwei Kv‡Q ¸i“Z¡nxb| fv½‡bi ga¨ w`‡q GB ivR‰bwZK
jvB‡bi aviK-evnK‡`i Kv‡QB wmwcwei †bZ…Z¡ P‡j †M‡Q| Z‡e Av‡MB
e‡jwQ, GUv GZ`‡ji KwgDwb÷ Av‡›`vj‡bi cyi‡bv ؇›Øi e¨vcvi| cvwK¯—
vb Avg‡j A‡bK KÕwU wcwKscš’x `j wKsev MÖ“‡c GB jvBb Kvh©Ki wQj|
Avgvi Ab¨ ch©‡e¶YwU n‡jv GUv A_©bxwZev`x we‡k­l‡Yi Avov‡j i¶Ykxj
ey‡R©vqv ivRbxwZ| gvK©mev` me mgqB mgvR, a¨vbaviYv, BZ¨vw`i
D`viZvmvab‡K Ri“wi KZe©¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q, GgbwK `k©b-Gi g‡Zv
Áv‡bi cÖKiY‡KI G Kvi‡YB ¯’vb w`‡q‡Q Zv a‡g©i g‡Zv cÖKi‡Yi D‡×©|
e¨w³MZfv‡e Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi‡K Gme m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvi a„óZv Avgvi
†bB| †Kb wZwb ivRbxwZi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Qb, Ges Am‡š—vlnxbfv‡e
Av‡Qb, Zvi e¨vL¨v wZwbB fv‡jv Rv‡bb Ges Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Avwg mv`v †Pv‡L
†`‡L Gi jvf-¶wZ wKQz wb‡`©k KiwQ—Z‡e cvVK‡`i R‡b¨|
Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi 1411 mv‡ji cÖ_g Av‡jv el© †miv eB ÔcvwK¯—v‡bi
Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©bÕ wj‡L e¨vcKfv‡e bw›`Z I mgv`„Z n‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zuvi cÖvq cÖwZwU
eB Avgv‡K GK Kwc w`‡q _v‡Kb| Avwg cwo, AbymiY Kivi R‡b¨, gy» nevi
R‡b¨| Avgvi hrmvgvb¨ †jLv‡jwLI Avwg hZxb`v‡K w`‡q G‡mwQ| wZwb
AK…cYfv‡e †m¸‡jvi mgv‡jvPbv wj‡L‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv Qvcv n‡q‡Q| Avwg
AcwiwPZ Kwe-†jLK, GKUy cwiwPZ †c‡qwQ| Iui cÖwZ Avgvi A‡bK K…ZÁZv,
ZvB, e‡j †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| wKš‘, gRvi K_v n‡jv, ïay mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q bq,
†Kv‡bvw`bB †evanq Avgiv ci¯úi ZK©-weZK© bv K‡i _vwKwb—A‡bK ZK©-
weZK©| Avgvi w`K †_‡K A‡hv‡M¨i ZK©, †kLvi Rb¨ ZK©| AvR hZxb`v-†K
wb‡q cÖ_g wjL‡Z e‡mI ZvB, Awb”Qvm‡Ë¡I nq‡Zv, wKQz gZcv_©K¨ cÖKvk cv‡e|
ev`vbyev‡`i cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡e| Avwg wewfbœ mg‡q mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv, †gŠjev`,
BZ¨vw` wel‡q wKQz gZ cÖKvk K‡iwQ| AvR nq‡Zv Zvi wKQz wØi“w³I n‡e|
ÔcvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©bÕ c‡o A‡bK cvVK cvwK¯—vb-m„wó Ges evsjv‡`‡k
be¨ cvwK¯—v‡bi m„wó‡KI b¨vh¨ NUbv †f‡e‡Qb wKbv, Avwg Rvwb bv| BwZnv‡mi
Z_v ev¯—eZvi b¨vh¨Zvi g‡Zv GKwU aviYv †Zv i‡q‡QB| hLb DÌvbce© bvgK
mvgwqKx‡Z Avng` Qdv GLbI ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K ÒkZe‡l©i †divixÓ
e‡j Awfhy³ K‡ib, ZLb Avwg cÖkœ Kwi ew¼‡gi Rb¨ †Zv c~e©-cvwK¯—vb
46
m„wó n‡qwQj; ew¼g-cybc©V‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖK‡íi cwiYwZ‡Z evsjv‡`k Avevi
cvwK¯—vb-hvÎv K‡i‡Q? Avi Avng` Qdv †m hvÎvi W¼vev`K n‡eb †Kb? wZwb
bv m‡PZb, evgcš’x| Ômv¤cÖ`vwqKÕ ew¼g‡K wb‡q wZwbB Avevi û‡j­vo m„wó
Ki‡Qb—Kvi ¯^v‡_©? wZwb wK cvëv mv¤cÖ`vwqK? Giƒc me wel‡q hZxb`vI
ÔcvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©bÕ-G wj‡L‡Qb| †mLv‡b GK ch©v‡q iex›`ªbv‡_i
Kvjvš—i m¼j‡bi cÖeܸ‡jv m¤ú‡K© D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| DׄwZ w`‡q‡Qb,
iex›`ªbv_ e„wU‡ki †f`bxwZ m¤ú‡K© †hLv‡b wj‡L‡Qb, Òkwb †Zv wQ`ª bv cvB‡j
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv,Ó BZ¨vw`| wZwb GI wj‡L‡Qb, ÒcvwK¯—v‡bi R‡b¥i
A‡bK Av‡MB cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥inm¨ huvi †PZbvi Av‡jv‡K ùwUK ¯^”Q n‡q
D‡VwQj wZwb Kwe mve©‡fŠg iex›`ªbv_Ó (c„ : 174) iex›`ªbv_ Ges hZxb
miKv‡ii gZve¯’vb‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡LB cieZ©x me NUbvi Av‡jv‡K wK kwbi
cwie‡Z© Ô`yR©bÕ-Gi GKwU aviYvqI cvIqv hvq bv? †hLv‡b ejv n‡”Q :
Ò`yR©‡bi Q‡ji Afve nq bv?Ó wn›`y m¼xY©Zv Ges mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi cÖwZwµqv
wn‡m‡e cvwK¯—vb m„wói †h e¨vL¨v, Zv K‡Zvevi †`qv n‡e? hZxb`vB †Zv
wj‡L‡Qb, Òevsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¥i ¶YwU‡Z wKš‘ †gv‡UB fve‡Z cvwiwb †h
Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B evsjv‡`‡kB Avgv‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi f~Z †`L‡Z n‡e|Ó (c„ :
454) Zv-wK wek¦e¨vcx BmjvgwfwËK Kg‡ewk GKB cwiw¯’wZi e¨vL¨vqI
e¨eüZ n‡e? bv-wK, GB e„nËi I RwUjZi cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ Ab¨ e¨vL¨vi
cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q? fvev`k© wn‡m‡e wewfbœ a‡g©i wK wKQz ˆewkó¨—kw³ Ges
`ye©jZv—i‡q‡Q? hv‡`i m¼xY© AvPi‡Yi cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi m„wó‡K
e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡”Q, Zviv wK wb‡R‡`i ivóª I mgvR‡K wfbœfv‡e Pvjv‡”Q bv?
c„w_ex‡Z GLbI BmjvgwfwËK GKwU ivóªcyÄ ai‡bi ms¯’v †Kb kw³kvjx I
mwµq? mv‡o wZb eQ‡ii gv_vq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k †Kb Avevi cvwK¯—vb-hvÎv
Ki‡jv? †kvlK †kªYxi fvev`k© wn‡m‡e a‡g©i e¨envi wK mvZPwj­k Ges
cuPvˇii AvM÷ NUbvewj‡K Av‡iv fv‡jv e¨vL¨v K‡i bv? Zv‡KB Avwg
ejwQjvg Ò`~R©‡bi Q‡ji AfveÓ bv nIqv e‡j? GUvB wK Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb
ms¯’vi D™¢e Ges mwµqZv‡KI e¨vL¨v K‡i bv? †kvlK †kªYxi PwiÎ Ges kw³i
m‡½ †Kv‡bv mgv‡R a‡g©i cÖfve I cÖejZv wK hy³ bq? wKš‘, c„w_exi gymwjg
Aay¨wlZ AÂj wb‡q †Lvjv‡gjv mgvRZvwË¡K, †kªYxwePviwfwËK, HwZnvwmK
`„wófw½wfwËK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Avgiv †Kb Pvw”Q bv? Avwg B‡Zvc~‡e©I
G cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ| Avgv‡`i evgcš’x eyw×Rxex‡`i‡K Avgiv Avevi KLb bRi“j
Ges †iv‡Kqvi g‡Zv mvnm wb‡q wjL‡Z †`L‡ev? GgbwK ˆmq` IqvjxDj­vni
mvnm I Avš—wiKZv wb‡q? Ave`yj n‡Ki?
47
Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi iex›`ªbv‡_i Òe¨vwa I cÖwZKviÓ cÖeÜ †_‡K †h Ask
Zuvi eB‡qi 173-74 c„ôvq DׄZ K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b g~jZ wn›`yi AvPvi-
cÖeYZvi ΓwU m¤ú‡K©B ejv n‡q‡Q| hZxb`v wbðq Rv‡bb †h Kvjvš—i-Gi
Òwn›`y-gymjgvbÓ cÖe‡Ü fviZe‡l©i mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© iex›`ªbv‡_i
AZ¨š— A‡gvN GKwU ch©‡e¶Y i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b wZwb wn›`yi Ges gymjgv‡bi
`y‡Uv ÒcÖejÓ e¨vcvi e‡j‡Qb Zv‡`i h_vµ‡g ÒAvPviÓ Ges Òag©gZÓ †K—
fviZe‡l©i Ggwb Kcvj †h, GLv‡b wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡Zv `yB RvZ GKÎ
n‡q‡Q—ag©g‡Z wn›`yi evav cÖej bq, AvPv‡i cÖej, AvPv‡i gymjgv‡bi evav
cÖej bq, ag©g‡Z cÖej| GKc‡¶i †h w`‡K Øvi †Lvjv, Ab¨c‡¶i †mw`‡K
Øvi i“×| Giv wK K‡i wgj‡e? (1962 : 313)
j¶Yxq †h wn›`y-gymjgv‡bi G `y‡Uv cÖeYZv ci¤úi mv‡c¶ bq Ges fviZe‡l©
mxwgZI bq| Avjv`v-Avjv`vfv‡eB Zviv G †_‡K fyM‡Q Ges mviv we‡k¦
wn›`y‡`i AvPvicÖvej¨ †hgb, gymjgvb‡`i ag©fvecÖvej¨I †Zgwb GLbI
we`¨gvb—Kvi K‡ZvUv †mUv nq‡Zv mgx¶v †_‡K Rvbv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡k—e„wUk, cvwK¯—vb, BZ¨vw` cyiv‡bv me kw³i wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i
`uvwo‡qÑBmjvg‡K ivóªag© †NvlYv Kivi KviY hv-hv i‡q‡Q, GB ag©g‡Zi
wbR¯^ cÖejZvI Zvi Ab¨Zg| †kvlK‡kªYxI †Zv †mB A¯¿B e¨envi Ki‡e, hv
Kv‡R Avm‡e me©vwaK| Avwg ewj †h iex›`ªbv_-Kw_Z ÔkwbÕ GLbI ÔwQ`ªÕ
Luy‡RB XyK‡Q| GW&IqvW© mvC` Ges e`i“Ïxb Dg‡ii g‡Zv †jLK‡KI hLb
†`wL mvgªvR¨ev`‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î ga¨cÖvP¨ wKsev Avie we‡k¦ ÔgymjgvbÕ
cwiP‡qi RbMY‡K wbwe©Kvifv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Qb ZLb we¯§‡qi †kl _v‡K bv|
Dgi wj‡L‡Qb, ÒGB AÂj¸‡jv †h‡nZz gymjgvb Aay¨wlZ †m Kvi‡YB
gymjgvbivB GB mvgªvR¨ev` cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡Q| GB †bZ…‡Z¡i Avwef©ve
N‡U‡Q AviI †h Lye ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y Zv n‡jv cÖ_g GB †`k¸‡jvi kvmK‡kªYx
I Zv‡`i miKvi¸‡jvi c`vbZ Ae¯’v Ges wØZxqZ †mB mv‡_ mvgªvR¨ev`x
jyÉb-AvµgY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î KwgDwb÷ Ges Ab¨ cÖMwZkxj I MYZvwš¿K
Av‡›`vj‡bi kw³kvjx Dcw¯’wZi AfveÓ (DׄZ kvgxg : 147)| Dwj­wLZ
ÒAÂj¸‡jvÓ‡ZB wVK †Kb GB Ae¯’v, †m-cÖ‡kœi DËi Luy‡R mvC` wKsev Dgi
†hgb m¤¢ve¨ GKwU KviY wn‡m‡e fvev`k© Bmjv‡gi w`‡K mcÖkœ †Pv‡L ZvKvb
bv, Avgvi we¯§q Aa¨vcK hZxb miKviI †Kb ïay wn›`yi AvPvi cÖejZvi g‡Zv
ΓwU‡KB D‡j­L K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k AwaKZimsL¨K gymwjg cvV‡Ki cÖxwZ-
Drcv`b wK †Kv‡bv cÖ‡Yv`bv? iex›`ªbv_ hv cv‡ib, Dgi wKsev hZxb miKvi
†Kb Zv cv‡ib bv? mZ¨fvlY bv-KÕ‡i wK Avcwb Kj¨vY Ki‡eb? GWIqvW©
48
mvC`-welqK GKwU eB‡qi Av‡jvPbvq Avwg Dgi mv‡n‡ei Dc‡ivׄZ
e³‡e¨i we‡k­l‡Y e‡jwQjvg †h c„w_exi eû †`k ag©wbi‡c¶ RvZxqZvev`
wKsev evg gZv`‡k©i mvnv‡h¨ mvgªvR¨ev`‡K †gvKvwejv K‡i‡Q| ag©xq Ae¯’vb
†_‡K G KvR Kivi †Kv‡bv w`we¨ †KD KvD‡K †`qwb; A_©vr, †Zgb †Kv‡bv
eva¨evaKZv †bB| fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv mgm¨vi †¶‡ÎI,
iex›`ªbv_ wKsev hZxb miKvi‡K †g‡bB, Gfv‡eI ej‡Z cvwi : wn›`y
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv Ges Zvi cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e D™¢~Z gymwjg mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi ˆØZ
mgm¨vi †gvKvwejv wK ¯^vaxb fviZ ïay wn›`y mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi mvnv‡h¨ K‡i‡Q?
hZ`~i Rvwb, †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨vjNyi ¯^v_©i¶vi cÖ‡kœ ivR‰bwZK
`j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv P‡j Ges ΓwUwePz¨wZmnB ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi bxwZ
GLbI †mLv‡b ivóªxqfv‡e Ges ivRbxwZ‡Z PP©vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| wn›`y
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Kw_Z cÖwZwµqvq ag©Zvwš¿K ivóª n‡q e‡m Av‡Q cvwK¯—vb,
evsjv‡`kI GLb cÖvq-ag©Zvwš¿K ivóªB| A_©vr, Kw_Z cwicv‡k¦©i cÖwZwµqv
mK‡ji †¶‡Î GKiKg bq, Ges G mZ¨ Dcjwä I ¯^xKvi bv Ki‡j
cwicv‡k¦©i Ici †`vl Pvcv‡bv hv‡e, wKš‘ Avcb e×Zv Ges i¶YkxjZv, Giƒc
mvdvB (justification) †c‡q hvIqvi Lywk‡Z, Av‡iv †M‡o em‡e|
ïay Òwn›`y-gymjgvbÓ cÖe‡Ü bq, 1938 mv‡j Kvgvj cvkvi g„Zz¨ Dcj‡¶
Av‡qvwRZ GK †kvKmfvqI iex›`ªbv_ ÔcÖejÕ kãwUi KvQvKvwQ A‡_©i ÔcÖPÊÕ
kãwU e¨envi K‡ib| ÒAš—wb©wnZ wecbœZvÓ †_‡K Zzi¯‹‡K gy³ Kivi Kvi‡Y
Kvgvj cvkvi cÖkw¯— KÕ‡i iex›`ªbv_ e‡jb,
wZwb ZzwK©‡K Zvi ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv w`‡q‡Qb, †mB‡UB me‡P‡q eo K_v
bq, gymjgvb a‡g©i cÖPÊ AveZ© g‡a¨ `uvwo‡q a‡g©i AÜZv‡K cÖejfv‡e wZwb
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb|... eyw×i †MŠi‡e AÜZv‡K `gb Kiv Zuvi me‡P‡q eo
gnË¡, eo `„óvš—|... ZzwK©‡K ¯^vaxb K‡i‡Qb e‡j bq, g~pZv †_‡K gyw³i gš¿
w`‡q‡Qb e‡jB Kvgv‡ji Afv‡e AvR mgMÖ Gwkqvi †kvK| (DׄZ ÒBmjvg I
iex›`ªbv_Ó AwgZvf ivq, c„-16)
cÖm½µ‡g iex›`ªbv‡_i ÒAvZ¥wbwnZ wecbœZvÓ kãe‡Üi cÖm‡½ I mg_©‡b
`yÕGKwU K_v ej‡ev| ag©gZ, ag©xq AvPvi, A_©vr ag©mswk­ó mKj wKQz †h
†jŠwKK Z_v ev¯—e bvbv Dcv‡q ev¯—e we‡k¦i gy‡LvgywL bv-nIqv, Ges †mB
A‡_©, wek¦vm, fw³, BZ¨vw`I †h AvZ¥Zv-wba©vwiZ, ÔAvZ¥wbwnZÕ c‡_ hvÎv, G
K_v wK Avgiv †KD A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cvwi? GB hyw³‡ZB a‡g© i‡q‡Q gvby‡li
¯úó AnwgKvcivqYZv| wb‡R‡K wKsev wb‡Ri D×vijv‡fi cÖ‡qvRb‡K GLv‡b
Avgiv m„wóKZ©vq iƒcvš—wiZ Kwi| ag© ZvB cÖvq mKj †¶‡ÎB †gvn|
49
iex›`ªbv‡_i e¨eüZ ÒAvZ¥wbwnZ wecbœZvÕÕi aviYv BwZnv‡mi Av‡iv eû mgq
Ges ¯’vb m¤ú‡K©B Mfxi mZ¨| Ges ag© G Kvi‡YB evievi wb‡q hvq
¯^v_©ciZvq, Zvi AÜZvq, cÖejZvq, AvPv‡ii wKsev ag©g‡Zi, Ges ZvB,
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvq| Gi g~‡jB †Zv GK AvZ¥D×v‡ii Zvobv, †cÖiYv, cÖv_©bv,
BZ¨vw`| ag©‡K †i‡L cÖejZv‡K `~i Kiv cÖvq Am¤¢e| wecixZfv‡e, ej-
cÖ‡qvM wKsev AnwgKvi m‡½ hy³ n‡qI RuvwK‡q em‡Z cv‡i ag©| evsjv‡`‡ki
mv¤cÖwZK BwZnv‡m Gme GK‡Î P‡j‡Q| KwgDwb÷‡`i f~wgKvq hw` ag©cš’x
Ges ag©cš’x bq, wKsev Kg ag©cš’xi g‡a¨ ZviZg¨ Luy‡R bv cvIqv hvq,
Kxfv‡e Zviv ev¯—e BwZnvm wbg©vY Ki‡e †f‡e Avwg wew¯§Z nB| Avwg wew¯§Z
n‡qwQ Aa¨vcK hZxb miKv‡ii mv¤cÖwZK wKQz †jLvq ag©wek¦vmx‡`i AvPiY,
fvlv, BZ¨vw`‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi m~‡Î †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ Aby‡gv`b †`L‡Z †c‡qI|
KviY, AKviY Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq bvw¯—KZv cÖPv‡i bv hvIqv Ges Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi
†hŠw³KZv cÖwZcv`b Kiv †Zv wfbœ e¨vcvi| me©‡kl g‡b n‡jv wZwb a¨vb A_©vr
†gwW‡Ukb‡KI KZ©e¨ e‡j‡Qb| m¤cÖwZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Ges RMbœv_ n‡j
GKwU cÖwZôvb †gwW‡Ukb Abyôvb Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| RMbœv_ nj cÖkvm‡bi
mfvq Avwg ejvi †Póv K‡iwQjvg †h †h-me kw³ Ges cwiw¯’wZ gvby‡li Rxe‡b
bvbviƒc Pvc, †Ubkb m„wói R‡b¨ `vqx, Zv‡`i wei“‡× ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK
cÖwZ‡iva ˆZwi bv-KÕ‡i, AvZ¥gMœ n‡j, a¨v‡b P‡j †M‡j, Zv‡`i iv¯—v †Zv
Av‡iv cÖk¯— Kiv n‡e| `ªe¨g~j¨ cwiw¯’wZi D`vniY w`‡qwQ| KbwRDgvimÕ
A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Ae evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv msMV‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ê †hvM w`‡q gvbyl
cÖwZ‡iva ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i, e‡jwQ| †gwW‡Ukb-†mkb AbywôZ n‡q‡Q; Avgvi
AvcwˇZ †Kv‡bv dj nqwb| Z‡e, Avwg `„pgZ †cvlY Kwi †h †Kv‡bv
g‡bv‡iv‡M Amy¯’ bv n‡q cov ch©š— ev¯—e cÖwZ‡ivaB mgm¨v-†gvKvwejvi c_|
mgm¨vi mgvavb †h wew”Qbœ e¨w³we‡k‡li gw¯—‡®‹ _v‡K bv, G‡Zv gv·©ev`x‡`i
cyi‡bv e³e¨| Avwg Rvwb bv gw¯—‡®‹i e¯‘ev`x cvfjfxq weÁv‡b a¨v‡bi cÖwZ
†Kv‡bv Aby‡gv`b i‡q‡Q wK-bv| bv-wK, hZxb`vi †¶‡Î wmwcwei me©‡kl
ivRbxwZi m‡½ †Kv‡bv ms‡hv‡Mi e¨vcvi G¸‡jv? Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi
cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©b eB‡qi 436 c„ôvq hLb †j‡Lb, Òmv¤cÖ`vwqK ivóª
cvwK¯—v‡b wn›`y‡`i Ae¯’vb †hgb wQj wbR evmf~‡g cievmxi g‡Zv †Zgwb
ag©wbi‡c¶ e‡j †NvwlZ fvi‡Z gymjgvb‡`i Ae¯’v‡bI Lye GKUv BZiwe‡kl
wQj bv|Ó ZLb †Zv g‡b nq Av‡iv †ewk wew¯§Z n‡eb Av‡iv †ewkmsL¨K
cvVK| KviY, †m‡¶‡Î Kvi wK KiYxq, wKsev KiYxq wQj? Zvn‡j wK
ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi g‡Zv ivóªxqbxwZ †NvlYv Ges Zvi PP©vi c‡_, hZxb miKv‡ii
50
g‡Z, †Kv‡bv mgvavb †bB? evsjv‡`‡kI †Zv Avgiv ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi bxwZ
†NvlYv K‡iwQjvg, Gi cybtcÖeZ©b `vwe Kwi, GLbI| hZxb`vi e³e¨ Abyhvqx
†Zv Giƒc meB wbõj n‡e, A_©nxb| wZwb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, cvwK¯—vb, fviZ
Ges eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k msL¨vjNy‡`i R‡b¨ GKB e¨vcvi| Zuvi G e³e¨ Kv‡K
†Kv_vq wb‡q hvq? fvi‡Zi MYZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’v, e„nËi MYZvwš¿K Ges
evgcš’x kw³—Gm‡ei †Zv †Kv‡bvB g~j¨ †bB, A_© †bB! Aa¨vcK hZxb
miKvi Zuvi G eBwUi Dwj­wLZ c„ôvq Av‡iv wKQz D‡ØMRbK K_v wj‡L‡Qb|
G-m¤ú‡K© Avgvi ejvi i‡q‡Q| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i GKiƒc †bZ…‡Z¡ †_‡K hvIqv
Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi Ges cvwU©Z¨vMKvix kxl© mvsevw`K gwZDi ingv‡bi
m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g Av‡jv ˆ`wbKwUi we‡ePbvq el©‡miv eB cvwK¯—v‡bi
Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©b-Gi †jLK wK GKB e¨w³? Avgiv †K †Kv_v †_‡K ci¯úi nvZ
†gjvw”Q? KviI m‡½ †Zv KviI †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB †`wL| cvV‡Ki cÖxwZ-
Drcv`‡bi AvKv•¶vi ¯’vbwU †_‡K| cÖejZv‡K, cÖej ag©gZ‡K ¯’vb †Q‡o
†`qvi cÖ‡kœ| B‡Zvc~‡e© cÖ`Ë DׄwZi ci Aa¨vcK hZxb miKvi wj‡L‡Qb,
Òwn›`yiv †h msL¨vq cvwK¯—vb †Q‡o fvi‡Z †M‡Q, fviZZ¨vMx gymjgv‡bi msL¨v
A‡bK Kg wbðqB| Zey ev¯—‡e fvi‡Z evm K‡iI A‡bK gymjgv‡biB gvbwmK
Avkªq wQj cvwK¯—vb| †gNvj‡q e‡mB cwðge½ Z_v fvi‡Zi gymjgvb‡`i
GKwU e„nr As‡ki G iKg gvbm cÖwZe‡Üi K_v ï‡b `ytL †c‡qwQ Aek¨B|
Z‡e AevK nBwb| wKš‘ GR‡b¨ fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i Avmvwgi KvVMovq `uvo
Kiv‡ZI Avgvi gb mvq †`qwb| KviY, fviZ I cvwK¯—vb Dfq iv‡óªiB ag©xq
msL¨vjNy‡`i †fZi gvbm cÖwZeÜ m„wói nIqvi ev¯—e KviY¸‡jv‡K †Zv
wKQz‡ZB D‡c¶v Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ, BZ¨vw`| hZxb`vi Kv‡Q GLb Avgvi cÖkœ,
fvi‡Zi mgvR Ges ivRbxwZi A‡bK MYZvwš¿K Ges AMÖmi Dcv`vb Ges
Ask _vKv m‡Ë¡I, †mLvbKvi gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q cvwK¯—vb gvbwmK Avkªq n‡q
i‡q‡Q †Kb? Zvi R‡b¨ mZ¨mZ¨B wK ïay fvi‡Z-Aewkó wn›`y i¶YkxjZv,
wn›`y mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv `vqx? bv wK, wb‡R‡`i ÔcÖej ag©gZIÕ, hv wb‡q ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡k wb‡R‡`i wm×v‡š— AvgivI wd‡i †MwQ Ôivóªag© BmjvgÕ-Gi msweavb
Ges iv‡óª, Ges msweav‡bi mswk­ó †mB ms‡kvabx wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv
GKwU ivR‰bwZK `‡jiB avivevwnK †Kv‡bv cÖwZKvi-wPš—v-Kg©m~wP †bB? Avwg
D‡j­L K‡iwQ Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’v m¤ú‡K©| eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z †h cwiw¯’wZ
gymjgvb-Aay¨wlZ †`k¸‡jvi R‡b¨ mZ¨, Zv †Zv Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i A‡bK †`‡ki
R‡b¨I mZ¨| †m me †`k †Zv GKB cwiw¯’wZi †gvKvwejvq ag©wfwËK †Kv‡bv
ivóªcyÄ `uvo Kivqwb| Avwg eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q Mí ïwb, BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKvq wM‡qI
51
†jLvcov wKsev PvKwii Av‡M-c‡i AwaKvsk gymwjg wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨B msMwVZ
wKsev MwÊe× GKwU Rxeb KvUvb| †Kb? Avwg KjKvZvi hv`ecyi
wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbKv‡j †mLvbKvi cwiw¯’wZ j¶¨ K‡iwQ| Rxe‡bi wewfbœ
†¶‡Î gymwjg‡`i Dcw¯’wZ †ek Kg| we‡kl K‡i `xN© evgd«›U kvm‡bi ciI
†Kb GiKgUv †_‡K †M‡Q, hv‡”Q—G cÖkœ AvgviI wQj| kª‡×q †nv‡mbyi
ingvb‡K G m¤ú‡K© GKevi cÖkœ K‡iwQjvg| Iui wVK †mw`b †gv‡UB mgq wQj
bv, Avwg cxovcxwo Kivq Dwb e‡jwQ‡jb Òms‡¶‡c ej‡j, GR‡b¨ cÖ_gZ Ges
g~jZ gymjgvbivB `vqx|Ó cwiw¯’wZ Amnbxq n‡j fvi‡Zi gymwjgivI wK
fviZZ¨vM Ki‡Zb bv? Ges fvimvg¨Uv †mLv‡b Aš—Z `v½v nIqvi g‡Zv
ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †K›`ªxq miKvi wb‡qvwRZ mvPvi Kwgkb ˆel‡g¨i
me©‡kl cwiw¯’wZ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| myZivs, fviZ I cvwK¯—v‡bi mswk­ó cwiw¯’wZ‡K
Zzj¨g~j¨ ej‡Z PvIqvUv ev¯—e‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv| Gi d‡j cÖxwZ Drcbœ n‡Z
cv‡i, wKš‘ cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ NU‡e| evsjv‡`‡k mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q Ôms¯‹viÕ
welqK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvqI miKvi †Zv bqB, mykxj mgvR, eyw×RxexMY wKsev
we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `jI msweav‡bi mv¤cÖ`vwqK ms‡kvabx¸‡jv evwZj Kivi
ms¯‹viwU `vwe Ki‡jb bv| A_P, G¸‡jvB evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK m¼‡Ui
G‡Kev‡i †Mvovi Bmy¨| A_©vr, Bmjvgx ivóªe¨e¯’v‡K ¯úk© bv Kivi cÖ‡kœ GLv‡b
Avgiv mK‡j GKgZ|
gy¯—vdv cvbœvi MíMÖš’ gNv-A‡k­lv wb‡q †jLv cy¯—K-mgv‡jvPbvq hZxb miKvi
Abœ`vk¼i ivq‡K DׄZ K‡i‡Qb Giƒc : Òwn›`y gymjgv‡bi weev` a‡g©i ZË¡
wb‡q bq| f~wgi ¯^Z¡ wb‡q|Ó Abœ`vk¼i ivq GKwU gv·©ev`x aviYv‡KB
PgrKvi cybwe©e„Z K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘, cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©b eB‡q †`LwQ
hZxb`v kiYv_©x wkwe‡i Avkªq MÖnYKvix wn›`yiv cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j Ab¨vqfv‡e
`LjK…Z Rwg ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k wM‡q cybi“×v‡ii Òc­¨vb‡cÖvMÖvgÓ KiwQj †`‡L
Zv‡K ¶wZKi †f‡e‡Qb| Giƒc mewKQzB wK wQj hZxb miKv‡ii fvlvq,
ÔAmy¯’ cÖwZwµqvÕ? Òg~p e³e¨Ó? cvwK¯—v‡bi e¨e¯’vq ev mg‡q Ab¨vqfv‡e
†e`Lj m¤úwË cÖK…Z gvwj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K wd‡i bv-cvIqvi GKwU As‡k i‡q
†M‡Q wKš‘ kΓ ev Awc©Z m¤úwËi eûj Av‡jvwPZ Bmy¨wUI| Avgvi aviYv,
cvwK¯—v‡bi D™¢e‡K Awbevh© ev b¨vh¨ we‡ePbv Kivi wfwˇZB Avgiv evwK
mewKQz wePvi KiwQ| †m‡¶‡Î Avevi Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki cieZ©x mg‡qi
NUbvewj‡K †Kb ejwQ ÒcvwK¯—v‡bi f~ZÓ `k©b? Avgvi eis aviYv, cvwK¯—vwb
avivi Ges e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY ms‡kvab n‡jB evsjv‡`‡k Avevi
ÒcvwK¯—v‡bi f~ZÓ †`L‡Z n‡Zv bv| Avi, gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi AZ¨š— wm×vš—
52
g~jK mnvqZv wb‡q mv¤cÖ`vwqK wn›`yi `‡¤¢vw³i Aš—Z GKwU e¨vL¨v Giƒc m¤¢e
†h cÖvq †MvUv evsjv‡`k GLb ch©š— fvi‡Zi mnvqZvi b¨vh¨ g~j¨vqb bv KÕ‡iB
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qy‡ivc mZ¨mvabv I Áv‡bi e¨vwßi wfZi w`‡q AvaywbK hy‡M G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q,
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ivL‡j DbœwZi c‡_ Pjevi Dcvq †bB, KviI m‡½ KviI †gjevi Dcvq †bB|
Avgv‡`i gvbm cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ †h Ae‡iva i‡q‡Q Zv‡K †NvPv‡Z bv cvi‡j Avgiv
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hw`-bv Avwm Z‡e, bvb¨ cš’v we`¨‡Z Aqbvq| (1962 : 314)
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m¤ú‡K© nq‡Zv B‡Zvg‡a¨B wZwb wj‡L‡Qb| Avwg †klch©š—I Zuvi Abymvix
gvÎ| n‡Z PvB, †_‡K †h‡Z PvB|
DׄZ MÖš’vw` :
KvRj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| ÒGWIqvW© mvC‡`i evsjv‡`kx cÖwZK…wZ|Ó Awb‡KZ kvgxg m¤úvw`Z
†jvK| XvKv, 2006|
hZxb miKvi| cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¥g„Zz¨-`k©b| RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv, 2007|
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| Kvjvš—i| wek¦fviZx, †KvjKvZv, 1962|
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