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INTRODUCTION FOR AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN

PREFACE

Airports considered the Gateway of every country is one of the most

neglected Infrastructure developments in the Philippines.

Airports measured as the reflection of the country’s economic and

cultural background should have been part of the priority of our
Government in the Modernization program. I believed that
Modernization as an Investment equals to our Countries growth and
will achieve our aims in the campaign for tourism.

Having tag as having the most Worst Airport in the world mirrors the
kind of people we are presenting to the other Nations.

Being humiliated by outsider during my studies abroad on the

conditions of our airports post a challenge to me in my interest in
learning more about Airports Design & its Services.

To All my future colleague, I am glad that We share the same interest

of the Airport design through your thesis. Ar. Willie Y. Chua
aci,aia,usgbc,uap
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AIRPORT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUNDS

Airport Terminal Design – is a very complex in terms of the design

procedures. Architects Skills and long field of experience in design are
not the passport of being able to Design an Airport terminal. Basic
Principle and long list of studies and requirements needed shall be
considered from outside the Terminal ( Ground or Air ).
This Lecture will teach you basic principles of the major issues in the
Airport Terminal design process.

THREE ELEMENTS OR PARTS OF AN AIRPORT

Three important considerations that may affect the design process of

a Terminal. These three elements are inter-connected to each other
and will dictate the design limitation of the project.

AIRSPACE

The portion of the Atmosphere controlled by a country above its

territory, including territorial waters.

What are this Airspace?

Air Navigation path

Identify the Meteorology / Weather conditions of the Area.

• Air Traffic - also identify as Flight path by the Pilots. This is the
line, course or tract along which an aircraft is flying
or is intended to be flown.
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• Military airspace (Military zone / Military Operating area )– This is

a segregated air space use by the Military which are
are commonly known as the Danger zone for the
Pilots.
This airspace are intended for Military Pilot training
flight , Combat training , Testing for Explosive
weapons.

AIRSIDE

• The most secured part of an Airport and most highly regulated

. It is an area for aircraft movement and operation.
• Occupied 80% of the total land area of an Airport
AIRSIDE Design consideration:

• Topography – verify the Landscape and the community zoning

of the area.
o Mountains and Volcano o Existing roads and
River
o Farm
o Environmentally / ECO protected area
• Existing Infrastructure- o Industrial – Factories, Power plant,
High
Tension Tower cable, Pipeline , Drainage &
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Sewage system o Community – Hospital,

School, Residence, Military camp,
Commercial building

Airside are composed of the ff:

• Runway o The most important part of an Airport o Must

be oriented in the direction of a prevailing wind.
• Taxiway
o This is the Connection between the Runway
and Apron, serves as the Taxi route /
Aircraft rolling for the departing and arriving
aircraft to and from the Apron & Runway
• Apron o Parking and staging area of Aircraft.
Located adjacent to the Terminal building or
o circulation space for service vehicles and
equipment
- cargo
- catering services
- fuel tank truck
• Other Infrastucture o This are the structures and Facilities
that has a direct access to the Runway.
o Control Tower
o Hangar

Hangars
o serves for loading and un-loading for
passenger and cargo
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o Airline catering
building o Rescue
& Fire fighting
building o
Maintenance
building o Cargo
/ Freight
companies
building o
General aviation
Companies
o Flying schools o
Military camp

LANDSIDE

o The part of an Airport farthest from the

Runway and Aircraft movement o The
boundary of which the security check and
customs, passport control and other service
facilities.

Landside may composed of the ff:

c. Hotels
d. Convention Center
e. Bus or Transportation Terminal
f. Train Station
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a. Airport Terminal
b. Airline Company Office buildings
g. Parks and Re-creational facilities
h. Government Building ( Aviation agency )
i. Shopping mall
j. Others

AIRPORT TERMINAL

WHAT IS AN AIRPORT TERMINAL?

Is a building where passengers transfer between ground and

the facilities that allow them to board a disembark from Aircraft.
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN AIRPORT

HUB

• Serves as a transfer point of different airlines to get passenger to

their intended destination.
• Serves as stop-over of a long haul flight of Different Airline for
check-up, re-fueling and aircraft maintenance.
• Shopping Center and a Life style airpor

MAIN GATEWAY
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POINT TO POINT

• Airport that serves to a direct flight travel. This Airport are usually
use as a Home base for an airlines companies.
LOW COST

• Is it also known as the secondary or alternative airport, This type

of airport is also known as the airport for the masses.
• Airport serves the Budget Airline companies.
• An Airport that serves as the main entry point to a country by
being the primary arrival and Departure point.

CHARTERED

• This is a Mini Airport owned by private chartered companies for

private chartered flight.
• This type of Airport for Executive ( As we call it ) offers a VIP
service enables a travelers to bypass the hassle of a public
airport and airline services.

LEISURE

• A Small Airport that primary users are Tourist and vacationers .

CARGO

• Airport that is intended only for Cargo activities and movement

FULL SERVICE

• Practically the combination of all the other Airports

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DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN DESIGN PROCESS

• National,Regional,Local Authorities that has jurisdiction in the

Project
Ex. DOTC,CAAP,Dept of Finance(if it is finance by the
Government),Mayor,Congressman,Senator,Secretaries and the
President.

• Control authorities
Ex. Customs, Immigration, Police, Security agencies, Fire brigade

• Engineering group/ Consultants

Ex. Structural / Civil Engr/, Electrical Engr./ Sanitary Engineer Engr./
Waste management Engr./ Transportor Road Engr./Air traffic
management Engr./ Communication and Electronic Engr./
Economist / Finance specialist / lawyers /Geologies and geodetic.

• Airport Operator ( The one will manage the Terminal )

• Airline Companies
• Pilot Community ( thru the Pilot association )
• Concessionaire ( Commercial tenants )
• Local Business group
• Local Community group
• Tourism group
• People with Disability group
• Ground Transportation group
• Conservative and Environmental group
• INVESTOR
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LEGISLATION AND CODES CONSIDERATION

Airport terminal design are bound with laws, guidelines and coed
which are important reference during design stage.

• IATA – International Aviation

• ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization
• CAAP – Civil Aviation Association of the Philippines
• Local -Building code
• Fire Code
• All Engineering code
• Regional and Local regulation law ( ex. Zoning & Land use )
• Environmental legislation ( In many Countries )
• Constitution

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN:

There is no Ideal Shape, Design, Size, Character , Architecture that

are require when designing an Airport terminal. Although there are
laws and guideline to be follows concerning security, passenger
traffic flows and etc.

Airport terminal design are influence by many factors depending the country we
are in:

1. Climate
2. Soil Characteristic / Location/ Geography
3. Intended Function( Type of terminal )
4. Type of Aircraft to be serve
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5. Culture
6. Politics
7. Fund
8. Business program/ target revenue
9. Availability of Construction Materials

PASSENGER TERMINAL CONFIGURATION

SIMPLE TERMINAL
• Ideal for Low-cost Terminal
• Single level
• Easy to build
• Easy to expand
• Short walking distance
• Enough room for expansion
• Simple aircraft parking

• No Bridge
• Ex. Provincial Domestic Airport
LINEAR TERMINAL
• Fits on a thin sites
• Usually- multi level
• Easy to build
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• Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )

• Service road and emergency access for Airport facilities
Processing / Holding areas
• Concourse / Service o Flight information monitor
o Information and Security desk o Waiting area (
Seating and Lounge )
o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,
Stairs & etc )
o Queuing area
o Toilets o Prayer room o Travel agencies counter
o Other services
• Airline ticketing o Check-in counter o Self check-
in counter o Drop bag
• Offices / Lounge o Airport Administration Offices (
Airport
Operator,Custom,Security,Immigration,Airline
offices,Tourism offices, Pilot and staff lounge
• Retail o Restaurant/ Coffee shops
o Shop
o Duty free tax store
• Security o Security control doors & queuing area
o Outbound Immigration ( For International flight )
o Outbound Customs ( a separate Customs
monitoring group are assigned for outbound
baggage’s )
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Airside Interface
• Departure waiting lounge o Seating area o Kid’s play area
• Airport Lounge
• Departure gate
• Retail store

DEPARTURE AREA

• Duty free tax store

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ARRIVAL AREA

Kerbside
• Loading and un-loading area for passengers using
CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transport service
• Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking & ets o
Carpark building should be separated to the terminal for
security purpose )
• Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )
• Service road and emergency access for Airport facilitie
Arrival hall
• Concourse / Service o Meeting and
greeters area o Flight information monitor
o Information and Security desk
o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,
Stairs & etc o Transportation
Service counter o Tourism area
o Hotels service desk
o Money changer o Toilets
• Retail o Restaurant/ Coffee shops o Shop
• Inbound baggage Sorting and Reclaim
area o Baggage reclaim area o Inbound
Customs control
Airside interface
• Passenger Gates ( Airbridge / Stairs or Buses from remote stand

• Inbound Immigration
• Retail store
• Queuing space
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2. Engineering ( Mechanical, Water & Plumbing ,

Electrical )
3. Control Tower
4. Apron Control building
5. Deliveries and Cargo Storage ( with Security system )
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ARRIVAL AREA

GENERAL FEATURES
1. Baggage handling
6. Maintenance area
7. Emergency and Medical facilities
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GENERAL FEATURE